Hooligans, ultras, activists: Polish football fandom in sociological perspective
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Cham, Switzerland
palgrave macmillan
[2021]
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| Series: | Football research in an enlarged Europe
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 249 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783030566067 |
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| adam_text | Contents 1 2 3 4 5 History of Polish Fandom: Communism, Post-Transformation Violence and the Division of Functions 1 ‘You Have to Scream Your Head Offi’ Mechanical Solidarity and Rules of Gathering: Structural Dimensions of Fandom Culture 17 Professional Fights, Pacts and Ways of Conduct: The Hermetic World of Polish Hooligans 59 Legal Restrictions and Recurrence of Fans’ Resistance Identity 85 Fandom and Identity: From Individual Engagement to the Meaning of ‘We’ 115 vii
viii 6 Contents Ultras: The Performative Dimension of Fandom 153 7 Activism, Collective Action and Supporters’ Associations 205 Conclusions 233 Index 243
Index Д Activism (fans), 205—229 charity, 14, 94, 208, 209,211, 218, 220, 221 collective action, 205—229 commemorative and political activity, 108, 120, 179, 212 grass-roots, 3, 6, 39, 213, 228, 229 protests, 41, 87, 104, 105, 109, 181, 191, 192, 206, 208, 209,211 rescuing football club, 214 social and educational activity, 212 social capital, 206—208, 220, 222, 226, 228 Against Modern Football, 41, 109, 191,206 Aggression, 13, 48, 53, 64, 67, 93, 144, 219 Alcohol (drinking), 5, 8, 29, 30, 32, 36-37, 44, 48, 76, 95, 143, 148, 188 Anarchy period (90s), 6-13, 64, 74, 98, 156, 222, 227 Antagonisms/animonisity/hostility, 2, 3, 8, 38-54, 103-106, 143, 178 Anti-communism, 4—6, 164, 181-182 Arka Gdynia, 4, 22, 28, 34, 35, 42, 47^9, 59,60, 65-66, 79, 85-88, 124, 127, 131, 135, 140, 141, 146-148, 160, 161, 173, 187, 195,212 Б BKS Stal Bielsko-Biała, 44—46 Broń Radom, 168, 171 © The Author(s) 2021 R. Kossakowski, Hooligans, Ultras, Activists, Football Research in an Enlarged Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56607-4 243
244 Index C Chrobry Głogów, 222, 223, 226 Club colours/logos, 18, 19, 29-33, 48-49, 120-122, 133-136, 140, 147, 155, 157, 158, 167, 178, 184, 190-194, 198, 199, 213,218, 224, 225 communist authorities/party, 180 devotion to, 19, 23, 27, 116, 132, 134,223 history, 19, 108, 116, 119, 131, 140, 146 object of cult, 19, 117, 119, 121, 122, 130, 133, 144, 177, 198, 199 symbolic universe, 18, 19, 118-122, 199, 207 tradition, 19, 115, 116, 122, 140, 141,206, 222, 225 transnational brand, 19, 118 utensils (clothes etc.), 2, 35, 63 Commercialization communist authorities/party, 226 football, 18,41, 109, 116, 165, 191,206 Communism, 185 communist authorities/party, 3-5, 143 communist police {Militia), 2, 4, 71 communist state/system, 3-7, 11, 19, 50,71, 176, 179-181 consumer fans, 116 fans during communism, 1-6 as a leftist ideology, 107-108, 185 propaganda, 3, 5 Consumer fans, 14, 27, 191, 205 Cracovia Cracow, 42, 51, 53, 63, 74, 77, 80, 91, 121, 128, 180, 187,212 Cursed Soldiers, 176-177 D Disabled supporters, 194, 218 Donald Tusk (Prime Minister), 100-104 Drugs, 32, 67, 76, 77 trafficking, 44, 77—80, 99, 214,220 Ekstraklasa Ltd, 87 Elana Toruń, 64 Emotions collective, 19, 24, 139, 199, 207 emotional energy, 19—22, 27, 181 euphoria/excitement, 21, 36, 97 Euro 2012, 38 excitement, 117 experience of, 20, 26, 31, 66, 98, 128, 163, 171, 206, 209, 215 fear, 193 freedom, 20 hate/hatred, 40—42, 44, 47—51, 65, 94, 163, 178, 182 love, 18,21-22,24, 27, 29, 72, 101, 130, 132, 155, 162, 188, 191,221 passion, 18, 33, 115, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 176, 188, 191, 192 shame, 27, 71, 196 Euro
2012,8, 88,89,91,97,103-105, 134,209,214,215,223
Index Fanatics/fanaticism, 12, 33, 49, 62, 91,96, 100, 116, 117, 132-136, 141,184 Fans alliance, 42—46, 54, 79, 86, 102,187 Fans group solidarity, 21—22, 52, 130,213 mechanical solidarity, 17, 20, 23, 33 Female fans, 32-35, 63, 93, 97, 125, 127, 136, 142-149, 173 FIFA, 7, 8 Fights, 5, 9,12-14,40, 48,49, 53, 59-72, 77,81,85,88, 90, 154,156,157, 185, 188, 196 arranged, 85 arranged fights, 9, 45, 59-68, 72,78 brawls, riots, 12, 60—64, 68, 85, 91, 97,100, 156 fighter(s), 13, 24, 40, 59, 68, 72, 142, 147, 180, 185, 186 rules of, 45, 50, 53, 60—65, 69-71, 124, 142,147, 213 Figurational sociology, 3—4, 11, 18, 22, 24, 38,42, 60, 64-68, 94-96, 98, 122 Flags, 32, 37, 69, 73, 134, 153-199 stealing of, 37, 47, 69, 193—199 Football banning orders, 88—90 Functional differentiation (fandom), 6, 13-14, 17, 65, 106, 154-157, 173, 181, 185, 187-189 Garbarnia Cracow, 11 GKS Bełchatów, 188, 216 245 GKS Katowice, 12, 14, 33, 50, 69-70, 74, 78, 143, 160, 166, 196,212 GKS Tychy, 44, 160, 210, 212 Górnik Knurów, 88 Górnik Konin, 209 Górnik Łęczna, 197 Górnik Wałbrzych, 178 Górnik Zabrze, 10,11, 19, 32, 41, 44,49-51,89,125, 126, 132, 160,211,229 Groclin Dyskobołia Grodzisk Wielkopolski, 23 И Fío mophobic content, 189 Honour, 29, ЗО, 45, 60-65, 71, 78, 142, 180, 187, 188, 196, 198 combat skills, 24 criminal/illegal activity, 44 hermetic structure, 17 hierarchy, 17, 24, 28 physical strength/ toughness, 24, 33 Hooliganism combat skills, 3, 73, 142, 193 criminal/illegal activity, 3, 67, 71, 73-81, 94, 98-100, 142, 176, 186, 208, 214 hermetic structure, 157, 179 hierarchy, 74, 76, 79—80 muscular body,
142, 185 physical strength/toughness, 3, 72-74, 142, 181, 185, 187, 192 professionalization, 59, 65-72, 157, 191 recruitment to, 72—78 as a social problem, 96, 98—102
246 Index Hutnik Cracow, 160, 172, 174 Hutnik Kraków, 222, 227, 228 Identity anti-system, 41, 106—108, 180, 182, 192 authenticity, 27, 33, 38, 69, 129, 130, 155, 183 collective/group (consciousness), 11, 18-24,31,54, 104-108, 117, 119, 139, 155, 177-179, 184, 193, 199, 207, 209 deviant, 99-103, 163, 182 fusion, 19—21, 121 individual, 18, 20, 24, 117, 119, 121, 122, 128-131, 137, 141 local, 107-109, 118, 223, 225 opposition/resistant, 3, 40-41, 87, 103-106, 178, 182 sense of togetherness, 19, 188 traditional, 23, 54, 108, 115, 116, 123, 142, 144, 147, 148, 154, 155, 181, 184, 187, 189, 192, 199, 206, 222, 228 Igloopol Dębica, 170 Independence March, 53, 109 Jagiellonki Białystok, 28, 31, 37, 38, 46, 47, 90, 195, 197,216 Korona Kielce, 89, 145, 171, 186,216 Lechia Gdańsk, 1-3, 5-9, 11, 18-24, 26, 28, 30, 34-35, 42^9, 53, 59, 68, 72, 78-82, 86, 94, 98, 122, 124, 125, 133, 134, 138,140, 148, 166, 167, 174, 182,192, 195,212, 215,222 Lech Poznań, 5—7, 18—21, 32, 34,42֊44, 52-53, 65-68, 77-80, 86, 88, 109, 132, 136, 141, 160, 166, 169, 174, 175, 182, 183, 185-187, 197, 213,220 Leftist symbols/ideas, 41, 107-109, 181 Legal regulations, 1, 54, 65, 85—97, 109, 190,214 Act on Mass Event Security, 13, 85-90, 92, 104, 161, 209 restrictions, 85, 86, 88—95, 99, 165, 175,206 Legia Warsaw, 1, 5, 7, 12, 23, 29, 34, 39,41,69,74,77, 80, 87-88, 90, 98, 108, 124, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 137, 138, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166, 169, 174,177-179, 183, 186,191, 197,212,213 LGBT, 142, 143, 185 ŁKS Łódź, 1, 7-8,44, 51-52, 59, 72, 73, 80-82, 93-95, 123, 124, 128, 146, 156, 160, 171, 174, 212, 222 Local
community, 18, 107, 155, 179, 206,210,222 Loyality, 3, 11,28, 45, 74, 80, 116, 117, 131, 134,140, 154, 164, 180, 187, 208
Index Martial arts, 14, 35, 63—70, 72, 77-79,157 Masculinity, 142, 147, 155, 178, 183,185-189 brotherhood, 140, 143, 180, 188 knights, warriors, chivalry, 61, 66, 142,176-177, 184, 187, 188, 193,194 Media discourse on fans, 65, 77, 100-104, 177, 182,219 Miedź Legnica, 8, 12, 51, 94, 130, 135, 139, 157,216 Motor Lublin, 43, 64, 78, 93, 128, 136,187,216 National Union of Fan Associations, 87, 209,213 Odra Opole, 216 Offensive language/swearing, 25, 89, 90, 95-97, 103, 148, 163 Olimpia Elbląg, 65 Piast Gliwice, 50 Piast Żmigród, 190 Pogoń Szczecin, 10, 32, 34, 61, 158, 162,172,213 Police, 8-13, 17, 31, 33,40, 41, 73, 78,79,81,88-94, 161,207, 220,222, 228 247 confrontation with fans, 6, 8, 12-13, 31-32, 64, 65, 76, 85-88, 98, 146 fans attitude, 41, 46, 52—53, 61, 92-95,147,157,178,192,221 fans cooperation with, 3, 28, 71, 75-76, 94, 153, 159, 186 relations to fans, 17, 31—32, 36, 76, 92-95, 138, 179 spotters, 92 Polish Football Association (PZPN), 7-8, 38, 86-87, 89,210,215, 216, 223 Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs, 89 Polish Ministry of Sport and Tourism, 38, 215, 216 Politics, 183-185 fans political activity and preferences, 40-41, 102, 104-109, 154, 156, 164, 181-184, 190, 193, 198,212 government/state authorities, 6, 13, 52, 85-88, 95, 99-105, 155, 164, 166, 169, 175, 180, 192, 207, 209,216,217, 223, 226, 227 local authorities, 37, 164, 166, 207, 216, 217, 223, 227 political context, 6-7, 164, 228 relations to fans, 13, 40, 85, 88, 89, 95,100-105, 179, 208, 221,222, 226 Polonia Bytom, 1, 50, 71, 158, 166, 222 Polonia Warsaw, 13, 18, 103, 108, 132, 160, 212, 222 Prison
culture, 3, 75,186
248 Index R Racism, 11, 190, 214 Radomiak Radom, 106, 171 Raków Częstochowa, 69, 89, 195 Resovía Rzeszów, 190, 212 Right-wing anti-Islam, 183 anti-leftist, 106-108, 142, 181, 184, 188 anti-refugees, 184 anti-Semitism, 190 conservatism, 107, 142, 164, 181, 185, 192 ideology, 11, 107-109, 178, 181 nationalism, 11, 109, 156, 164, 179-181, 183, 192, 195 patriotism, 35, 53, 106-109, 161, 179-181, 192,211 skinhead subculture, 11, 156 Roman Catholic Church, 181 ideas, beliefs, 133, 142 symbolic/rituals, 207 symbols/rituals, 107, 148 Ruch Chorzów, 19, 43-45, 49-50, 62, 69-70, 74, 78-79, 89, 125, 166, 186, 194, 196 Ruch Radzionków, 71, 89 Sandecja Nowy Sącz, 216 Scarves, 2, 21, 29, 32, 48, 53, 63, 73,135, 139-141, 155, 156, 188, 194, 195,226 Security regulations/staff, 37, 88, 91, 161, 168, 170, 175, 176, 195, 196,224, 228 Śląsk Wrocław, 24, 33, 42-45, 49, 67, 79, 85, 97, 125, 127, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139, 145, 147, 165, 166, 184, 194, 197,217 performance, 142 Social cohesion, 17, 24, 30, 122, 137, 142, 208 Socialization of fans, 27, 51, 101, 120-129 Social media, 74, 100, 115, 156, 162, 164, 188, 195 Solidarity (social movement), 5-6, 182 Stal Mielec, 216 Stal Rzeszów, 190 Stal Stalowa Wola, 160 Stilon Gorzów, 72 Stomil Olsztyn, 65, 171, 229 Supporter Liaison Officer (SLO), 210 Supporters associations, 10, 14, 22-24, ЗО, 38, 41, 70, 74, 87, 94, 116, 126, 132, 136, 137, 141, 159-162, 197, 205-229 ‘Supporters United’ programme, 38, 120, 132, 137, 138, 149, 212,215-221 System transformation of 1989, 5-12,74, 85, 142, 156, 209, 221,222 Szombierki Bytom, 222
Index U UEFA, 41, 192, 210, 223, 227 Ultras banners, 12, 52, 61, 103, 135, 153, 156, 158, 166, 169-171, 173, 177, 182, 185-193, 197 choreographies, 24, 29, 39-41, 45, 80, 98, 103-105, 142, 147, 153-197, 208, 225 graffiti, 14, 49, 155, 168, 190,212 identity/mentality, 153, 154, 163, 165, 170, 175, 176 performances, 28, 106, 109, 133, 162-171, 176, 208, 222 Polish groups, 158—162 pyrotechnics (flares), 13, 20, 80, 86-92, 98, 158-161, 168, 173, 175, 176, 181, 192, 225 singing/chanting, 11, 18-19, 24-28, 46, 61,97, 148, 163, 189, 193, 194, 206 stand/sector/terrace, 12, 21, 24, 27-29, 32, 68, 77, 128, 143, 165-167, 187, 190, 195,208 V Victoria Jaworzno, 11 Violence act of vandalism, 12, 85, 90, 95, 142,214 249 fans, 6, 8, 12, 60, 64-68, 89, 100, 144, 186, 220 stadiums, 8, 12-14, 78, 79, 85, 88,96, 99, 142, 144, 145, 156 symbolic/verbal, 51, 61, 177, 187 weapons/tools, 60, 62-68, 71-73, 89 lV Wałęsa Lech, 19, 182 Warsaw Uprising, 179, 213 Widzew Łódź, 27, 44, 51-52, 71-73, 80-81, 103, 128, 131, 160, 171, 197,212, 222 Wielkopolska Uprising, 218 Wigry Suwałki, 28 Wisła Cracow, 2, 42—45, 51, 53, 68, 77, 79-82,91,98, 155, 160, 173, 187, 190 Wisła Kraków, 85, 208, 212 Wisła Płock, 26, 34, 94, 100, 125, 160, 169 Wisłoka Dębica, 170, 212 Zagłębie Lubin, 35, 51, 86, 167, 212 Zagłębie Sosnowiec, 44—46, 66, 134, 222 Zawisza Bydgoszcz, 41, 46, 47, 77, 195,222 Bayerische Mánchen
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Contents 1 2 3 4 5 History of Polish Fandom: Communism, Post-Transformation Violence and the Division of Functions 1 ‘You Have to Scream Your Head Offi’ Mechanical Solidarity and Rules of Gathering: Structural Dimensions of Fandom Culture 17 Professional Fights, Pacts and Ways of Conduct: The Hermetic World of Polish Hooligans 59 Legal Restrictions and Recurrence of Fans’ Resistance Identity 85 Fandom and Identity: From Individual Engagement to the Meaning of ‘We’ 115 vii
viii 6 Contents Ultras: The Performative Dimension of Fandom 153 7 Activism, Collective Action and Supporters’ Associations 205 Conclusions 233 Index 243
Index Д Activism (fans), 205—229 charity, 14, 94, 208, 209,211, 218, 220, 221 collective action, 205—229 commemorative and political activity, 108, 120, 179, 212 grass-roots, 3, 6, 39, 213, 228, 229 protests, 41, 87, 104, 105, 109, 181, 191, 192, 206, 208, 209,211 rescuing football club, 214 social and educational activity, 212 social capital, 206—208, 220, 222, 226, 228 Against Modern Football, 41, 109, 191,206 Aggression, 13, 48, 53, 64, 67, 93, 144, 219 Alcohol (drinking), 5, 8, 29, 30, 32, 36-37, 44, 48, 76, 95, 143, 148, 188 Anarchy period (90s), 6-13, 64, 74, 98, 156, 222, 227 Antagonisms/animonisity/hostility, 2, 3, 8, 38-54, 103-106, 143, 178 Anti-communism, 4—6, 164, 181-182 Arka Gdynia, 4, 22, 28, 34, 35, 42, 47^9, 59,60, 65-66, 79, 85-88, 124, 127, 131, 135, 140, 141, 146-148, 160, 161, 173, 187, 195,212 Б BKS Stal Bielsko-Biała, 44—46 Broń Radom, 168, 171 © The Author(s) 2021 R. Kossakowski, Hooligans, Ultras, Activists, Football Research in an Enlarged Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56607-4 243
244 Index C Chrobry Głogów, 222, 223, 226 Club colours/logos, 18, 19, 29-33, 48-49, 120-122, 133-136, 140, 147, 155, 157, 158, 167, 178, 184, 190-194, 198, 199, 213,218, 224, 225 communist authorities/party, 180 devotion to, 19, 23, 27, 116, 132, 134,223 history, 19, 108, 116, 119, 131, 140, 146 object of cult, 19, 117, 119, 121, 122, 130, 133, 144, 177, 198, 199 symbolic universe, 18, 19, 118-122, 199, 207 tradition, 19, 115, 116, 122, 140, 141,206, 222, 225 transnational brand, 19, 118 utensils (clothes etc.), 2, 35, 63 Commercialization communist authorities/party, 226 football, 18,41, 109, 116, 165, 191,206 Communism, 185 communist authorities/party, 3-5, 143 communist police {Militia), 2, 4, 71 communist state/system, 3-7, 11, 19, 50,71, 176, 179-181 consumer fans, 116 fans during communism, 1-6 as a leftist ideology, 107-108, 185 propaganda, 3, 5 Consumer fans, 14, 27, 191, 205 Cracovia Cracow, 42, 51, 53, 63, 74, 77, 80, 91, 121, 128, 180, 187,212 Cursed Soldiers, 176-177 D Disabled supporters, 194, 218 Donald Tusk (Prime Minister), 100-104 Drugs, 32, 67, 76, 77 trafficking, 44, 77—80, 99, 214,220 Ekstraklasa Ltd, 87 Elana Toruń, 64 Emotions collective, 19, 24, 139, 199, 207 emotional energy, 19—22, 27, 181 euphoria/excitement, 21, 36, 97 Euro 2012, 38 excitement, 117 experience of, 20, 26, 31, 66, 98, 128, 163, 171, 206, 209, 215 fear, 193 freedom, 20 hate/hatred, 40—42, 44, 47—51, 65, 94, 163, 178, 182 love, 18,21-22,24, 27, 29, 72, 101, 130, 132, 155, 162, 188, 191,221 passion, 18, 33, 115, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 176, 188, 191, 192 shame, 27, 71, 196 Euro
2012,8, 88,89,91,97,103-105, 134,209,214,215,223
Index Fanatics/fanaticism, 12, 33, 49, 62, 91,96, 100, 116, 117, 132-136, 141,184 Fans alliance, 42—46, 54, 79, 86, 102,187 Fans group solidarity, 21—22, 52, 130,213 mechanical solidarity, 17, 20, 23, 33 Female fans, 32-35, 63, 93, 97, 125, 127, 136, 142-149, 173 FIFA, 7, 8 Fights, 5, 9,12-14,40, 48,49, 53, 59-72, 77,81,85,88, 90, 154,156,157, 185, 188, 196 arranged, 85 arranged fights, 9, 45, 59-68, 72,78 brawls, riots, 12, 60—64, 68, 85, 91, 97,100, 156 fighter(s), 13, 24, 40, 59, 68, 72, 142, 147, 180, 185, 186 rules of, 45, 50, 53, 60—65, 69-71, 124, 142,147, 213 Figurational sociology, 3—4, 11, 18, 22, 24, 38,42, 60, 64-68, 94-96, 98, 122 Flags, 32, 37, 69, 73, 134, 153-199 stealing of, 37, 47, 69, 193—199 Football banning orders, 88—90 Functional differentiation (fandom), 6, 13-14, 17, 65, 106, 154-157, 173, 181, 185, 187-189 Garbarnia Cracow, 11 GKS Bełchatów, 188, 216 245 GKS Katowice, 12, 14, 33, 50, 69-70, 74, 78, 143, 160, 166, 196,212 GKS Tychy, 44, 160, 210, 212 Górnik Knurów, 88 Górnik Konin, 209 Górnik Łęczna, 197 Górnik Wałbrzych, 178 Górnik Zabrze, 10,11, 19, 32, 41, 44,49-51,89,125, 126, 132, 160,211,229 Groclin Dyskobołia Grodzisk Wielkopolski, 23 И Fío mophobic content, 189 Honour, 29, ЗО, 45, 60-65, 71, 78, 142, 180, 187, 188, 196, 198 combat skills, 24 criminal/illegal activity, 44 hermetic structure, 17 hierarchy, 17, 24, 28 physical strength/ toughness, 24, 33 Hooliganism combat skills, 3, 73, 142, 193 criminal/illegal activity, 3, 67, 71, 73-81, 94, 98-100, 142, 176, 186, 208, 214 hermetic structure, 157, 179 hierarchy, 74, 76, 79—80 muscular body,
142, 185 physical strength/toughness, 3, 72-74, 142, 181, 185, 187, 192 professionalization, 59, 65-72, 157, 191 recruitment to, 72—78 as a social problem, 96, 98—102
246 Index Hutnik Cracow, 160, 172, 174 Hutnik Kraków, 222, 227, 228 Identity anti-system, 41, 106—108, 180, 182, 192 authenticity, 27, 33, 38, 69, 129, 130, 155, 183 collective/group (consciousness), 11, 18-24,31,54, 104-108, 117, 119, 139, 155, 177-179, 184, 193, 199, 207, 209 deviant, 99-103, 163, 182 fusion, 19—21, 121 individual, 18, 20, 24, 117, 119, 121, 122, 128-131, 137, 141 local, 107-109, 118, 223, 225 opposition/resistant, 3, 40-41, 87, 103-106, 178, 182 sense of togetherness, 19, 188 traditional, 23, 54, 108, 115, 116, 123, 142, 144, 147, 148, 154, 155, 181, 184, 187, 189, 192, 199, 206, 222, 228 Igloopol Dębica, 170 Independence March, 53, 109 Jagiellonki Białystok, 28, 31, 37, 38, 46, 47, 90, 195, 197,216 Korona Kielce, 89, 145, 171, 186,216 Lechia Gdańsk, 1-3, 5-9, 11, 18-24, 26, 28, 30, 34-35, 42^9, 53, 59, 68, 72, 78-82, 86, 94, 98, 122, 124, 125, 133, 134, 138,140, 148, 166, 167, 174, 182,192, 195,212, 215,222 Lech Poznań, 5—7, 18—21, 32, 34,42֊44, 52-53, 65-68, 77-80, 86, 88, 109, 132, 136, 141, 160, 166, 169, 174, 175, 182, 183, 185-187, 197, 213,220 Leftist symbols/ideas, 41, 107-109, 181 Legal regulations, 1, 54, 65, 85—97, 109, 190,214 Act on Mass Event Security, 13, 85-90, 92, 104, 161, 209 restrictions, 85, 86, 88—95, 99, 165, 175,206 Legia Warsaw, 1, 5, 7, 12, 23, 29, 34, 39,41,69,74,77, 80, 87-88, 90, 98, 108, 124, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 137, 138, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166, 169, 174,177-179, 183, 186,191, 197,212,213 LGBT, 142, 143, 185 ŁKS Łódź, 1, 7-8,44, 51-52, 59, 72, 73, 80-82, 93-95, 123, 124, 128, 146, 156, 160, 171, 174, 212, 222 Local
community, 18, 107, 155, 179, 206,210,222 Loyality, 3, 11,28, 45, 74, 80, 116, 117, 131, 134,140, 154, 164, 180, 187, 208
Index Martial arts, 14, 35, 63—70, 72, 77-79,157 Masculinity, 142, 147, 155, 178, 183,185-189 brotherhood, 140, 143, 180, 188 knights, warriors, chivalry, 61, 66, 142,176-177, 184, 187, 188, 193,194 Media discourse on fans, 65, 77, 100-104, 177, 182,219 Miedź Legnica, 8, 12, 51, 94, 130, 135, 139, 157,216 Motor Lublin, 43, 64, 78, 93, 128, 136,187,216 National Union of Fan Associations, 87, 209,213 Odra Opole, 216 Offensive language/swearing, 25, 89, 90, 95-97, 103, 148, 163 Olimpia Elbląg, 65 Piast Gliwice, 50 Piast Żmigród, 190 Pogoń Szczecin, 10, 32, 34, 61, 158, 162,172,213 Police, 8-13, 17, 31, 33,40, 41, 73, 78,79,81,88-94, 161,207, 220,222, 228 247 confrontation with fans, 6, 8, 12-13, 31-32, 64, 65, 76, 85-88, 98, 146 fans attitude, 41, 46, 52—53, 61, 92-95,147,157,178,192,221 fans cooperation with, 3, 28, 71, 75-76, 94, 153, 159, 186 relations to fans, 17, 31—32, 36, 76, 92-95, 138, 179 spotters, 92 Polish Football Association (PZPN), 7-8, 38, 86-87, 89,210,215, 216, 223 Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs, 89 Polish Ministry of Sport and Tourism, 38, 215, 216 Politics, 183-185 fans political activity and preferences, 40-41, 102, 104-109, 154, 156, 164, 181-184, 190, 193, 198,212 government/state authorities, 6, 13, 52, 85-88, 95, 99-105, 155, 164, 166, 169, 175, 180, 192, 207, 209,216,217, 223, 226, 227 local authorities, 37, 164, 166, 207, 216, 217, 223, 227 political context, 6-7, 164, 228 relations to fans, 13, 40, 85, 88, 89, 95,100-105, 179, 208, 221,222, 226 Polonia Bytom, 1, 50, 71, 158, 166, 222 Polonia Warsaw, 13, 18, 103, 108, 132, 160, 212, 222 Prison
culture, 3, 75,186
248 Index R Racism, 11, 190, 214 Radomiak Radom, 106, 171 Raków Częstochowa, 69, 89, 195 Resovía Rzeszów, 190, 212 Right-wing anti-Islam, 183 anti-leftist, 106-108, 142, 181, 184, 188 anti-refugees, 184 anti-Semitism, 190 conservatism, 107, 142, 164, 181, 185, 192 ideology, 11, 107-109, 178, 181 nationalism, 11, 109, 156, 164, 179-181, 183, 192, 195 patriotism, 35, 53, 106-109, 161, 179-181, 192,211 skinhead subculture, 11, 156 Roman Catholic Church, 181 ideas, beliefs, 133, 142 symbolic/rituals, 207 symbols/rituals, 107, 148 Ruch Chorzów, 19, 43-45, 49-50, 62, 69-70, 74, 78-79, 89, 125, 166, 186, 194, 196 Ruch Radzionków, 71, 89 Sandecja Nowy Sącz, 216 Scarves, 2, 21, 29, 32, 48, 53, 63, 73,135, 139-141, 155, 156, 188, 194, 195,226 Security regulations/staff, 37, 88, 91, 161, 168, 170, 175, 176, 195, 196,224, 228 Śląsk Wrocław, 24, 33, 42-45, 49, 67, 79, 85, 97, 125, 127, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139, 145, 147, 165, 166, 184, 194, 197,217 performance, 142 Social cohesion, 17, 24, 30, 122, 137, 142, 208 Socialization of fans, 27, 51, 101, 120-129 Social media, 74, 100, 115, 156, 162, 164, 188, 195 Solidarity (social movement), 5-6, 182 Stal Mielec, 216 Stal Rzeszów, 190 Stal Stalowa Wola, 160 Stilon Gorzów, 72 Stomil Olsztyn, 65, 171, 229 Supporter Liaison Officer (SLO), 210 Supporters associations, 10, 14, 22-24, ЗО, 38, 41, 70, 74, 87, 94, 116, 126, 132, 136, 137, 141, 159-162, 197, 205-229 ‘Supporters United’ programme, 38, 120, 132, 137, 138, 149, 212,215-221 System transformation of 1989, 5-12,74, 85, 142, 156, 209, 221,222 Szombierki Bytom, 222
Index U UEFA, 41, 192, 210, 223, 227 Ultras banners, 12, 52, 61, 103, 135, 153, 156, 158, 166, 169-171, 173, 177, 182, 185-193, 197 choreographies, 24, 29, 39-41, 45, 80, 98, 103-105, 142, 147, 153-197, 208, 225 graffiti, 14, 49, 155, 168, 190,212 identity/mentality, 153, 154, 163, 165, 170, 175, 176 performances, 28, 106, 109, 133, 162-171, 176, 208, 222 Polish groups, 158—162 pyrotechnics (flares), 13, 20, 80, 86-92, 98, 158-161, 168, 173, 175, 176, 181, 192, 225 singing/chanting, 11, 18-19, 24-28, 46, 61,97, 148, 163, 189, 193, 194, 206 stand/sector/terrace, 12, 21, 24, 27-29, 32, 68, 77, 128, 143, 165-167, 187, 190, 195,208 V Victoria Jaworzno, 11 Violence act of vandalism, 12, 85, 90, 95, 142,214 249 fans, 6, 8, 12, 60, 64-68, 89, 100, 144, 186, 220 stadiums, 8, 12-14, 78, 79, 85, 88,96, 99, 142, 144, 145, 156 symbolic/verbal, 51, 61, 177, 187 weapons/tools, 60, 62-68, 71-73, 89 \lV Wałęsa Lech, 19, 182 Warsaw Uprising, 179, 213 Widzew Łódź, 27, 44, 51-52, 71-73, 80-81, 103, 128, 131, 160, 171, 197,212, 222 Wielkopolska Uprising, 218 Wigry Suwałki, 28 Wisła Cracow, 2, 42—45, 51, 53, 68, 77, 79-82,91,98, 155, 160, 173, 187, 190 Wisła Kraków, 85, 208, 212 Wisła Płock, 26, 34, 94, 100, 125, 160, 169 Wisłoka Dębica, 170, 212 Zagłębie Lubin, 35, 51, 86, 167, 212 Zagłębie Sosnowiec, 44—46, 66, 134, 222 Zawisza Bydgoszcz, 41, 46, 47, 77, 195,222 Bayerische Mánchen |
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| discipline | Soziologie |
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| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV047107194 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:25:16Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:02:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030566067 |
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| physical | xxi, 249 Seiten |
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| publishDate | 2021 |
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| publisher | palgrave macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Football research in an enlarged Europe |
| spelling | Kossakowski, Radosław Verfasser (DE-588)1147772517 aut Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective Radosław Kossakowski Cham, Switzerland palgrave macmillan [2021] © 2021 xxi, 249 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Football research in an enlarged Europe Sozialgeschichte 1970- gnd rswk-swf Sociology of Sport and Leisure Sport Science Sociology of Culture Popular Culture Sports—Sociological aspects Sports sciences Culture Fußballfan (DE-588)4131123-1 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Fußballfan (DE-588)4131123-1 s Sozialgeschichte 1970- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-56607-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032513435&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032513435&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Kossakowski, Radosław Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective Sociology of Sport and Leisure Sport Science Sociology of Culture Popular Culture Sports—Sociological aspects Sports sciences Culture Fußballfan (DE-588)4131123-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131123-1 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective |
| title_auth | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective |
| title_exact_search | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective |
| title_full | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective Radosław Kossakowski |
| title_fullStr | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective Radosław Kossakowski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hooligans, ultras, activists Polish football fandom in sociological perspective Radosław Kossakowski |
| title_short | Hooligans, ultras, activists |
| title_sort | hooligans ultras activists polish football fandom in sociological perspective |
| title_sub | Polish football fandom in sociological perspective |
| topic | Sociology of Sport and Leisure Sport Science Sociology of Culture Popular Culture Sports—Sociological aspects Sports sciences Culture Fußballfan (DE-588)4131123-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sociology of Sport and Leisure Sport Science Sociology of Culture Popular Culture Sports—Sociological aspects Sports sciences Culture Fußballfan Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032513435&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032513435&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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