Rapid prototyping and engineering applications: a toolbox for prototype development
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Boca Raton, Fla.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
[2019]
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| Edition: | Second edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 529 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781498798921 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Liou, Fuewen Frank |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rapid prototyping and engineering applications |b a toolbox for prototype development |c Fuewen Frank Liou |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. |b CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |c [2019] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2019 | |
| 300 | |a 529 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Datenverarbeitung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prototypes, Engineering |x Data processing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rapid prototyping | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................. xiii Acknowledgments............................................................................................................ xv Author............................................................................................................................. xvii Chapter 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Development of a successful product.........................................................................1 1.1.1 World-class manufacturing........................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Product definition..........................................................................................4 1.1.3 Engineering design process.......................................................................... 5 1.1.3.1 Identifying customer s needs......................................................... 5 1.1.3.2 Converting needs into product design specifications.................... 6 1.1.3.3 Engineering design......................................................................... 6 1.1.3.4 Product prototyping....................................................................... 7 1.2 Product prototyping and its impact........................................................................... 7 1.2.1 Prototype design and innovation.................................................................. 8
1.2.2 Impact on cost, quality, and time................................................................ 10 1.2.3 Key process requirements for rapid prototyping........................................ 11 1.3 Product prototyping and product development.......................................................14 1.3.1 What is prototyping?....................................................................................14 1.3.2 Rapid prototyping in product development................................................ 17 References...........................................................................................................................18 Chapter 2 Product prototyping..............................................................................................19 2.1 2-2 Product prototyping.................................................................................................. 19 2.1.1 When is prototyping needed?......................................................................19 2.1.2 Common mistakes and issues in product prototyping...............................20 2.1.3 How to conduct prototyping?......................................................................22 2.1.4 Physical prototype design procedure..........................................................24 2.1.4.1 Task 1: Prototype conceptual design............................................ 24 2.1.4.2 Task 2: Configuration design of prototype parts and components.................................................................................. 25 2.1.4.3 Task 3: Parametric
design.............................................................25 2.1.4.4 Task 4: Detailed design................................................................ 25 Prototype planning and management.....................................................................26 2.2.1 Project vision in project management.......................................................... 26 2.2.2 How to manage prototype projects?............................................................27 2.2.3 Project risk management............................................................................. 31 v
vi Contents 2.3 Product and prototype cost estimation.................................................................... 34 2.3.1 Fundamental cost concepts......................................................................... 35 2.3.2 Prototype cost estimation methods.............................................................37 2.3.3 The cost complexities.................................................................................. 45 2.4 Prototype design methods....................................................................................... 50 2.4.1 Engineering problem-solving......................................................................50 2.4.2 Prototype design principles.........................................................................52 2.4.3 House of quality..........................................................................................52 2.4.4 Product design specifications......................................................................54 2.5 Prototype design tools..............................................................................................61 2.5.1 Evaluating alternatives................................................................................ 61 2.5.1.1 First approach................................................................................ 62 2.5.1.2 Second approach.......................................................................... 62 2.5.1.3 Third approach............................................................................. 63 2.5.2 Useful idea generation
methods.................................................................. 67 2.5.2.1 Morphological analysis................................................................ 68 2.Ց.2.2 Functional efficiency technique..................................................... 68 2.6 Paper prototyping.....................................................................................................71 2.6.1 Selecting a prototype...................................................................................71 2.6.1.1 Prototype fidelity........................................................................... 71 2.6.2 Paper prototyping........................................................................................ 72 2.6.3 User tests......................................................................................................76 2.7 Learning from nature.............................................................................................. 78 2.7.1 What can we learn from nature?................................................................. 78 2.7.2 Synectics...................................................................................................... 80 2.7.2.1 Analogy......................................................................................... 80 2.7.3 Better products—back to nature................................................................. 82 References.......................................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 3 Modeling and virtual
prototyping.................................................................. 85 3.1 Mathematical modeling............................................................................................85 3.1.1 Relationship between mathematics and physics: an example.....................86 3.1.2 Using models for product and prototype design and evaluation............... 90 3.1.2.1 Conservation of mass.................................................................... 90 3.1.2.2 Conservation of momentum........................................................ 91 3.1.2.3 Conservation of angular momentum............................................92 3.1.2.4 Conservation of energy................................................................ 92 3.1.2.5 Linear models............................................................................... 97 3.2 Modeling of physical systems................................................................................. 104 3.2.1 Types of modeling..................................................................................... 104 3.2.2 Examples of physical modeling..................................................................105 3.3 Product modeling................................................................................................... 116 3.3.1 Product model............................................................................................ 116 3.3.2 Formal model............................................................................................. 119 3.4 Using commercial software for virtual
prototyping.............................................. 125 3.4.1 Dynamic analysis for prototype motion evaluation..................................127 3.4.2 FEA for prototype structure evaluation.....................................................129 3.5 Virtual reality and virtual prototyping................................................................. 134
Contents Όη 3.5.1 Virtual prototyping....................................................................................134 3.5.2 An AR system: an example........................................................................136 References.........................................................................................................................138 Chapter 4 Material selections and product prototyping...........................................139 4.1 Prototyping materials.............................................................................................139 4.1.1 Prototyping and material properties......................................................... 139 4.1.1.1 Material selection for high-fidelity prototypes...........................141 4.1.2 Material selection methods........................................................................142 4.1.3 Material selection processes for high-fidelity prototypes..........................143 4.2 Modeling of material properties............................................................................ 148 4.2.1 Aesthetic modeling.....................................................................................149 4.2.2 Warmth modeling......................................................................................149 4.2.3 Abrasion-resistant modeling...................................................................... 149 4.2.4 Pitch modeling...........................................................................................150 4.2.5 Sound absorption
modeling...................................................................... 150 4.2.6 Resilience modeling...................................................................................151 4.2.7 Friction modeling...................................................................................... 152 4.2.8 Thermal deformation................................................................................. 153 4.2.9 Ductility.....................................................................................................154 4.3 Modeling and design of materials and structures................................................. 155 4.3.1 Cost of imit strength.................................................................................. 157 4.3.2 Cost of unit stiffness...................................................................................159 References.........................................................................................................................164 Chapter 5 Direct digital prototyping and manufacturing.........................................165 5.1 Solid models and prototype representation........................................................... 166 5.1.1 Solid modeling........................................................................................... 167 5.1.2 CAD data representation............................................................................170 5.1.2.1 Error analysis...............................................................................175 5.2 Reverse engineering for digital
representation.......................................................178 5.2.1 Reverse engineering and product prototyping.......................................... 178 5.2.2 Reverse engineering process...................................................................... 179 5.2.3 Ethics and reverse engineering................................................................. 184 5.3 Prototyping and manufacturing using CNC machining....................................... 184 5.3.1 Machine codes for process control............................................................. 185 5.3.2 Using CAD/CAM for digital manufacturing.............................................188 5.3.3 Developing a successful postprocessor......................................................197 5.3.3.1 Opening and closing codes........................................................ 199 5.3.3.2 Program detail formats.............................................................. 200 5.3.3.3 Formats of specific G- and M-codes........................................... 201 5.3.3.4 Transformation matrix................................................................201 5.3.3.5 Formation of the transformation matrix for the A- and В-axis rotation............................................................................ 202 5.3.3.6 Limitation of machine mobility around A- and B-axes............. 203 5.3.3.7 В tilt table................................................................................... 204 5.3.3.8 A tilt
table................................................................................... 204 5.3.3.9 Axis limits.................................................................................. 204
viii Contents 5.4 Fully automated digital prototyping and manufacturing......................................208 5.4.1 Process planning and digital fabrication...................................................208 5.4.2 Feature-based design and fabrication....................................................... 209 5.4.3 User-assisted feature-based design........................................................... 211 References.........................................................................................................................213 Chapter 6 Additivemanufacturing processes............................................................ 215 6.1 Additive manufacturing overview.........................................................................215 6.1.1 What is AM................................................................................................ 216 6.1.1.1 AM applications.......................................................................... 216 6.1.2 What are the alternatives to AM processes?.............................................. 217 6.1.3 Producing functional parts....................................................................... 220 6.2 Additive manufacturing procedure....................................................................... 221 6.2.1 Why is AM process faster?........................................................................ 222 6.2.2 A typical AM process................................................................................ 222 6.2.3 Why STL
files?........................................................................................... 223 6.2.4 Converting STL file from various CAD files............................................. 225 6.2.5 Controlling part accuracy in STL format...................................................226 6.2.6 Slicing the STL file..................................................................................... 231 6.2.7 Building an AM part using an STL file..................................................... 236 6.2.8 AM file format............................................................................................237 6.3 Liquid-based AM processes................................................................................... 240 6.3.1 Stereolithography process......................................................................... 240 6.3.2 Mask-based process................................................................................... 244 6.3.3 Inject-based process................................................................................... 246 6.4 Solid-based AM processes...................................................................................... 249 6.4.1 Extrusion-based process............................................................................ 250 6.4.2 Contour-cutting process............................................................................254 6.4.2.1 The process................................................................................. 255 6.4.3 UC process (Ultrasonic
Consolidation™)..................................................256 6.5 Powder-based AM processes................................................................................. 259 6.5.1 PBF processes............................................................................................ 260 6.5.1.1 PBF process steps........................................................................262 6.5.2 3D inject printing process.......................................................................... 267 6.5.3 Direct laser deposition...............................................................................270 6.5.3.1 Advantages of DLD process........................................................ 276 6.5.3.2 Limitations of DLD process........................................................277 6.5.4 EBM process.............................................................................................. 2 77 6.5.5 Hybrid material deposition and removal process..................................... 279 6.6 Summary and future AM processes...................................................................... 284 References........................................................................................................................ 285 Chapter 7 Buildinga prototypeusing off-the-shelf components...............................287 7.1 How to decide what to purchase?........................................................................... 287 7.1.1 Purchasing decision for a prototype..........................................................288 7.1.2 What to
purchase?..................................................................................... 289 7.1.3 Draw a flow diagram of signals and components..................................... 293 7.1.4 Prioritize the precision of the system........................................................ 295
Contents ix 7.2 How to find the catalogs that gave the needed components?...................................298 7.2.1 Evaluating companies and products............................................................ 299 7.2.2 Component selection...................................................................................... 299 7.3 How to ensure that the purchased components will work together?.....................303 7.4 Tolerance analysis.........................................................................................................313 7.5 Tolerance stack analysis............................................................................................... 320 7.6 Assembly stacks........................................................................................................... 327 7.7 Process capability.........................................................................................................331 7.8 Statistical tolerance analysis........................................................................................ 336 7.9 Case study: conceptual design of a chamber cover................................................... 340 7.9.1 Problem description....................................................................................... 340 7.9.2 Requirement definition.................................................................................. 341 7.9.3 Component identification and design.......................................................... 341 7.9.4 Tolerance
analysis...........................................................................................343 7.9.5 A focused prototype...................................................................................... 345 References................................................................................................................................345 Chapter 8 Prototyping of automated systems................................................................347 8.1 Actuators.......................................................................................................................347 8.1.1 Types of actuators...........................................................................................348 8.1.2 Drives.............................................................................................................. 350 8.1.3 When to choose an actuator...........................................................................353 8.1.3.1 Base/manifold-mount solenoid control valves.............................353 8.2 Sensors..........................................................................................................................356 8.2.1 Sensor classification based on sensor technology....................................... 358 8.2.1.1 Manual switches............................................................................. 359 8.2.1.2 Proximity switch.............................................................................359 8.2.1.3 Photosensor.....................................................................................
359 8.2.1.4 Fiber optics sensor.......................................................................... 361 8.2.1.5 Infrared sensor................................................................................ 362 8.2.2 Sensor selection...............................................................................................362 8.3 Controllers and analyzers........................................................................................... 364 8.3.1 PLC control......................................................................................................365 8.3.2 Computer control............................................................................................ 367 8.4 Mechanisms.................................................................................................................. 385 8.4.1 Mechanisms in automation............................................................................385 8.4.2 Applications and selection of mechanisms..................................................391 8.4.2.1 Linear or reciprocating input, linear output................................. 391 8Ճ.2.2 Rotary input, rotary output............................................................ 394 8.4.2.3 Rotary input, reciprocating output...............................................395 8.4.2.4 Rotary input, intermittent output..................................................397 8.4.2.5 Rotary input, irregular output.......................................................398 Ց.4.2.6 Reciprocating input, rotary
output................................................398 8.4.2.7 Reciprocating input, oscillation output.........................................399 8.4.2.8 Reciprocating input, intermittent output..................................... 401 8.4.2.9 Reciprocating input, irregular output.......................................... 401 8.4.2.10 Oscillation input, rotary output.....................................................401 8.4.2.11 Oscillation input, reciprocating output........................................ 402
x Contents 8.4.2.12 Oscillation input, intermittent output.......................................... 402 8.4.2.13 Oscillation input, irregular output................................................403 8.4.2.14 Rotary input, linear output............................................................ 403 8.4.2.15 Other complex motions.................................................................. 403 8.4.2.16 Universal joint mechanisms.......................................................... 404 8.4.2.17 Wedges and stopping.....................................................................404 References................................................................................................................................407 Chapter 9 Using prototypes for product assessment.................................................... 409 9.1 Introduction to DOE..................................................................................................... 410 9.1.1 Design of experiments....................................................................................411 9.1.2 Standard deviation......................................................................................... 411 9.1.3 Loss function................................................................................................... 413 9.2 Orthogonal arrays........................................................................................................418 9.2.1 What is OA?.....................................................................................................419 9.2.2
Taguchi s DOE procedure...............................................................................421 9.3 Analysis of variance................................................................................................... 426 9.3.1 One-way ANOVA........................................................................................... 427 9.3.2 Two-way ANOVA........................................................................................... 430 9.3.3 Three-way ANOVA........................................................................................ 433 9.3.4 Interaction effects........................................................................................... 433 9.3.5 Two-way ANOVA and OAs............................................................................435 9.3.6 S/N ratios.........................................................................................................439 9.4 ANOVA using Excel.....................................................................................................442 9.4.1 Single-factor (one-way) ANOVA....................................................................442 9.4.2 Two-factor (two-way) ANOVA without replication..................................... 444 9.4.3 Two-factor (two-way) ANOVA with replication...........................................446 9.4.4 F-distribution..................................................................................................448 9.5 Quality
characteristic...................................................................................................450 9.5.1 Overall evaluation criterion...........................................................................450 9.5.2 Predictive model............................................................................................. 451 9.6 An example: optimization of a prototype laser deposition process........................453 9.6.1 Problem statement.......................................................................................... 453 9.6.2 Selection of factors and levels........................................................................453 9.6.3 Orthogonal array............................................................................................454 9.6.4 Sample preparation........................................................................................ 455 9.6.5 Responses........................................................................................................455 9.6.6 Formulation of the OEC................................................................................. 456 9.6.7 Experiment......................................................................................................458 9.6.8 Analysis of the means.................................................................................... 458 9.6.9 Analysis of the variance................................................................................ 459
References................................................................................................................................461 Chapter 10 Prototype optimization................................................................................... 463 10.1 Formulation of engineering problems for optimization........................................... 465 10.1.1 Definitions.......................................................................................................465 10.1.2 Problem formulation...................................................................................... 466 10.2 Optimization using differential calculus................................................................... 472 10.3 Lagrange’s multiplier method..................................................................................... 477
Contents ХІ 10.4 Optimization using Microsoft Excel.......................................................................483 10.5 Case study: application of optimization in fixture design.................................... 495 10.5.1 Development of a fixture generation methodology................................... 495 10.5.2 Modeling deterministic positioning using linear programming.............. 501 10.5.3 Modeling accessibility of a fixture determined with linear programming............................................................................................ 502 10.5.4 Modeling clamping stability of the work part in the fixture.....................502 10.5.5 Modeling positive clamping sequence using linear programming...........502 10.5.6 Modeling positive fixture reaction to all machining forces...................... 503 10.5.6.1 Numerical example.....................................................................503 References.........................................................................................................................506 Appendix A-l................................................................................................................... 507 Appendix A-2................................................................................................................... 509 Appendix A-3...................................................................................................................511 Short Answers to Selected Review Problems.................................................................. 513
Index................................................................................................................................ 519
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Contents Preface. xiii Acknowledgments. xv Author. xvii Chapter 1 Introduction.1 1.1 Development of a successful product.1 1.1.1 World-class manufacturing. 1 1.1.2 Product definition.4 1.1.3 Engineering design process. 5 1.1.3.1 Identifying customer's needs. 5 1.1.3.2 Converting needs into product design specifications. 6 1.1.3.3 Engineering design. 6 1.1.3.4 Product prototyping. 7 1.2 Product prototyping and its impact. 7 1.2.1 Prototype design and innovation. 8
1.2.2 Impact on cost, quality, and time. 10 1.2.3 Key process requirements for rapid prototyping. 11 1.3 Product prototyping and product development.14 1.3.1 What is prototyping?.14 1.3.2 Rapid prototyping in product development. 17 References.18 Chapter 2 Product prototyping.19 2.1 2-2 Product prototyping. 19 2.1.1 When is prototyping needed?.19 2.1.2 Common mistakes and issues in product prototyping.20 2.1.3 How to conduct prototyping?.22 2.1.4 Physical prototype design procedure.24 2.1.4.1 Task 1: Prototype conceptual design. 24 2.1.4.2 Task 2: Configuration design of prototype parts and components. 25 2.1.4.3 Task 3: Parametric
design.25 2.1.4.4 Task 4: Detailed design. 25 Prototype planning and management.26 2.2.1 Project vision in project management. 26 2.2.2 How to manage prototype projects?.27 2.2.3 Project risk management. 31 v
vi Contents 2.3 Product and prototype cost estimation. 34 2.3.1 Fundamental cost concepts. 35 2.3.2 Prototype cost estimation methods.37 2.3.3 The cost complexities. 45 2.4 Prototype design methods. 50 2.4.1 Engineering problem-solving.50 2.4.2 Prototype design principles.52 2.4.3 House of quality.52 2.4.4 Product design specifications.54 2.5 Prototype design tools.61 2.5.1 Evaluating alternatives. 61 2.5.1.1 First approach. 62 2.5.1.2 Second approach. 62 2.5.1.3 Third approach. 63 2.5.2 Useful idea generation
methods. 67 2.5.2.1 Morphological analysis. 68 2.Ց.2.2 Functional efficiency technique. 68 2.6 Paper prototyping.71 2.6.1 Selecting a prototype.71 2.6.1.1 Prototype fidelity. 71 2.6.2 Paper prototyping. 72 2.6.3 User tests.76 2.7 Learning from nature. 78 2.7.1 What can we learn from nature?. 78 2.7.2 Synectics. 80 2.7.2.1 Analogy. 80 2.7.3 Better products—back to nature. 82 References. 83 Chapter 3 Modeling and virtual
prototyping. 85 3.1 Mathematical modeling.85 3.1.1 Relationship between mathematics and physics: an example.86 3.1.2 Using models for product and prototype design and evaluation. 90 3.1.2.1 Conservation of mass. 90 3.1.2.2 Conservation of momentum. 91 3.1.2.3 Conservation of angular momentum.92 3.1.2.4 Conservation of energy. 92 3.1.2.5 Linear models. 97 3.2 Modeling of physical systems. 104 3.2.1 Types of modeling. 104 3.2.2 Examples of physical modeling.105 3.3 Product modeling. 116 3.3.1 Product model. 116 3.3.2 Formal model. 119 3.4 Using commercial software for virtual
prototyping. 125 3.4.1 Dynamic analysis for prototype motion evaluation.127 3.4.2 FEA for prototype structure evaluation.129 3.5 Virtual reality and virtual prototyping. 134
Contents Όη 3.5.1 Virtual prototyping.134 3.5.2 An AR system: an example.136 References.138 Chapter 4 Material selections and product prototyping.139 4.1 Prototyping materials.139 4.1.1 Prototyping and material properties. 139 4.1.1.1 Material selection for high-fidelity prototypes.141 4.1.2 Material selection methods.142 4.1.3 Material selection processes for high-fidelity prototypes.143 4.2 Modeling of material properties. 148 4.2.1 Aesthetic modeling.149 4.2.2 Warmth modeling.149 4.2.3 Abrasion-resistant modeling. 149 4.2.4 Pitch modeling.150 4.2.5 Sound absorption
modeling. 150 4.2.6 Resilience modeling.151 4.2.7 Friction modeling. 152 4.2.8 Thermal deformation. 153 4.2.9 Ductility.154 4.3 Modeling and design of materials and structures. 155 4.3.1 Cost of imit strength. 157 4.3.2 Cost of unit stiffness.159 References.164 Chapter 5 Direct digital prototyping and manufacturing.165 5.1 Solid models and prototype representation. 166 5.1.1 Solid modeling. 167 5.1.2 CAD data representation.170 5.1.2.1 Error analysis.175 5.2 Reverse engineering for digital
representation.178 5.2.1 Reverse engineering and product prototyping. 178 5.2.2 Reverse engineering process. 179 5.2.3 Ethics and reverse engineering. 184 5.3 Prototyping and manufacturing using CNC machining. 184 5.3.1 Machine codes for process control. 185 5.3.2 Using CAD/CAM for digital manufacturing.188 5.3.3 Developing a successful postprocessor.197 5.3.3.1 Opening and closing codes. 199 5.3.3.2 Program detail formats. 200 5.3.3.3 Formats of specific G- and M-codes. 201 5.3.3.4 Transformation matrix.201 5.3.3.5 Formation of the transformation matrix for the A- and В-axis rotation. 202 5.3.3.6 Limitation of machine mobility around A- and B-axes. 203 5.3.3.7 В tilt table. 204 5.3.3.8 A tilt
table. 204 5.3.3.9 Axis limits. 204
viii Contents 5.4 Fully automated digital prototyping and manufacturing.208 5.4.1 Process planning and digital fabrication.208 5.4.2 Feature-based design and fabrication. 209 5.4.3 User-assisted feature-based design. 211 References.213 Chapter 6 Additivemanufacturing processes. 215 6.1 Additive manufacturing overview.215 6.1.1 What is AM. 216 6.1.1.1 AM applications. 216 6.1.2 What are the alternatives to AM processes?. 217 6.1.3 Producing functional parts. 220 6.2 Additive manufacturing procedure. 221 6.2.1 Why is AM process faster?. 222 6.2.2 A typical AM process. 222 6.2.3 Why STL
files?. 223 6.2.4 Converting STL file from various CAD files. 225 6.2.5 Controlling part accuracy in STL format.226 6.2.6 Slicing the STL file. 231 6.2.7 Building an AM part using an STL file. 236 6.2.8 AM file format.237 6.3 Liquid-based AM processes. 240 6.3.1 Stereolithography process. 240 6.3.2 Mask-based process. 244 6.3.3 Inject-based process. 246 6.4 Solid-based AM processes. 249 6.4.1 Extrusion-based process. 250 6.4.2 Contour-cutting process.254 6.4.2.1 The process. 255 6.4.3 UC process (Ultrasonic
Consolidation™).256 6.5 Powder-based AM processes. 259 6.5.1 PBF processes. 260 6.5.1.1 PBF process steps.262 6.5.2 3D inject printing process. 267 6.5.3 Direct laser deposition.270 6.5.3.1 Advantages of DLD process. 276 6.5.3.2 Limitations of DLD process.277 6.5.4 EBM process. 2 77 6.5.5 Hybrid material deposition and removal process. 279 6.6 Summary and future AM processes. 284 References. 285 Chapter 7 Buildinga prototypeusing off-the-shelf components.287 7.1 How to decide what to purchase?. 287 7.1.1 Purchasing decision for a prototype.288 7.1.2 What to
purchase?. 289 7.1.3 Draw a flow diagram of signals and components. 293 7.1.4 Prioritize the precision of the system. 295
Contents ix 7.2 How to find the catalogs that gave the needed components?.298 7.2.1 Evaluating companies and products. 299 7.2.2 Component selection. 299 7.3 How to ensure that the purchased components will work together?.303 7.4 Tolerance analysis.313 7.5 Tolerance stack analysis. 320 7.6 Assembly stacks. 327 7.7 Process capability.331 7.8 Statistical tolerance analysis. 336 7.9 Case study: conceptual design of a chamber cover. 340 7.9.1 Problem description. 340 7.9.2 Requirement definition. 341 7.9.3 Component identification and design. 341 7.9.4 Tolerance
analysis.343 7.9.5 A focused prototype. 345 References.345 Chapter 8 Prototyping of automated systems.347 8.1 Actuators.347 8.1.1 Types of actuators.348 8.1.2 Drives. 350 8.1.3 When to choose an actuator.353 8.1.3.1 Base/manifold-mount solenoid control valves.353 8.2 Sensors.356 8.2.1 Sensor classification based on sensor technology. 358 8.2.1.1 Manual switches. 359 8.2.1.2 Proximity switch.359 8.2.1.3 Photosensor.
359 8.2.1.4 Fiber optics sensor. 361 8.2.1.5 Infrared sensor. 362 8.2.2 Sensor selection.362 8.3 Controllers and analyzers. 364 8.3.1 PLC control.365 8.3.2 Computer control. 367 8.4 Mechanisms. 385 8.4.1 Mechanisms in automation.385 8.4.2 Applications and selection of mechanisms.391 8.4.2.1 Linear or reciprocating input, linear output. 391 8Ճ.2.2 Rotary input, rotary output. 394 8.4.2.3 Rotary input, reciprocating output.395 8.4.2.4 Rotary input, intermittent output.397 8.4.2.5 Rotary input, irregular output.398 Ց.4.2.6 Reciprocating input, rotary
output.398 8.4.2.7 Reciprocating input, oscillation output.399 8.4.2.8 Reciprocating input, intermittent output. 401 8.4.2.9 Reciprocating input, irregular output. 401 8.4.2.10 Oscillation input, rotary output.401 8.4.2.11 Oscillation input, reciprocating output. 402
x Contents 8.4.2.12 Oscillation input, intermittent output. 402 8.4.2.13 Oscillation input, irregular output.403 8.4.2.14 Rotary input, linear output. 403 8.4.2.15 Other complex motions. 403 8.4.2.16 Universal joint mechanisms. 404 8.4.2.17 Wedges and stopping.404 References.407 Chapter 9 Using prototypes for product assessment. 409 9.1 Introduction to DOE. 410 9.1.1 Design of experiments.411 9.1.2 Standard deviation. 411 9.1.3 Loss function. 413 9.2 Orthogonal arrays.418 9.2.1 What is OA?.419 9.2.2
Taguchi's DOE procedure.421 9.3 Analysis of variance. 426 9.3.1 One-way ANOVA. 427 9.3.2 Two-way ANOVA. 430 9.3.3 Three-way ANOVA. 433 9.3.4 Interaction effects. 433 9.3.5 Two-way ANOVA and OAs.435 9.3.6 S/N ratios.439 9.4 ANOVA using Excel.442 9.4.1 Single-factor (one-way) ANOVA.442 9.4.2 Two-factor (two-way) ANOVA without replication. 444 9.4.3 Two-factor (two-way) ANOVA with replication.446 9.4.4 F-distribution.448 9.5 Quality
characteristic.450 9.5.1 Overall evaluation criterion.450 9.5.2 Predictive model. 451 9.6 An example: optimization of a prototype laser deposition process.453 9.6.1 Problem statement. 453 9.6.2 Selection of factors and levels.453 9.6.3 Orthogonal array.454 9.6.4 Sample preparation. 455 9.6.5 Responses.455 9.6.6 Formulation of the OEC. 456 9.6.7 Experiment.458 9.6.8 Analysis of the means. 458 9.6.9 Analysis of the variance. 459
References.461 Chapter 10 Prototype optimization. 463 10.1 Formulation of engineering problems for optimization. 465 10.1.1 Definitions.465 10.1.2 Problem formulation. 466 10.2 Optimization using differential calculus. 472 10.3 Lagrange’s multiplier method. 477
Contents ХІ 10.4 Optimization using Microsoft Excel.483 10.5 Case study: application of optimization in fixture design. 495 10.5.1 Development of a fixture generation methodology. 495 10.5.2 Modeling deterministic positioning using linear programming. 501 10.5.3 Modeling accessibility of a fixture determined with linear programming. 502 10.5.4 Modeling clamping stability of the work part in the fixture.502 10.5.5 Modeling positive clamping sequence using linear programming.502 10.5.6 Modeling positive fixture reaction to all machining forces. 503 10.5.6.1 Numerical example.503 References.506 Appendix A-l. 507 Appendix A-2. 509 Appendix A-3.511 Short Answers to Selected Review Problems. 513
Index. 519 |
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| discipline_str_mv | Fertigungstechnik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik Wirtschaftswissenschaften Maschinenbau |
| edition | Second edition |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:11:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:01:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781498798921 |
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| spelling | Liou, Fuewen Frank Verfasser aut Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development Fuewen Frank Liou Second edition Boca Raton, Fla. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group [2019] © 2019 529 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Datenverarbeitung Prototypes, Engineering Data processing Rapid prototyping Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 gnd rswk-swf Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 gnd rswk-swf Prototyp (DE-588)4206907-5 gnd rswk-swf Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 s DE-604 Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 s Prototyp (DE-588)4206907-5 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9780429029721 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032468744&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Liou, Fuewen Frank Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development Datenverarbeitung Prototypes, Engineering Data processing Rapid prototyping Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 gnd Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 gnd Prototyp (DE-588)4206907-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4389159-7 (DE-588)4139402-1 (DE-588)4206907-5 |
| title | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development |
| title_auth | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development |
| title_exact_search | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development |
| title_full | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development Fuewen Frank Liou |
| title_fullStr | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development Fuewen Frank Liou |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development Fuewen Frank Liou |
| title_short | Rapid prototyping and engineering applications |
| title_sort | rapid prototyping and engineering applications a toolbox for prototype development |
| title_sub | a toolbox for prototype development |
| topic | Datenverarbeitung Prototypes, Engineering Data processing Rapid prototyping Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 gnd Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 gnd Prototyp (DE-588)4206907-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Datenverarbeitung Prototypes, Engineering Data processing Rapid prototyping Rapid Prototyping Fertigung Produktentwicklung Prototyp |
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