Sădbata v istorijata:
Съдбата в историята
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Izdatelstvo "Zacharij Stojanov"
2020
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 486-502 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache: Fate in history |
| Beschreibung: | 519 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9789540914435 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV046940983 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20220114 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 201015s2020 |||| 00||| bul d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789540914435 |9 978-954-09-1443-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1224013443 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV046940983 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a bul | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 100 | 1 | |6 880-01 |a Markov, Georgi |d 1946- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)12486404X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |6 880-02 |a Sădbata v istorijata |c Georgi Markov |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Fate in history |
| 264 | 1 | |6 880-03 |a Sofija |b Izdatelstvo "Zacharij Stojanov" |c 2020 | |
| 300 | |a 519 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverzeichnis Seite 486-502 | ||
| 500 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache: Fate in history | ||
| 546 | |a Text bulgarisch | ||
| 546 | |b Kyrillisch | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schicksal |0 (DE-588)4052333-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Weltgeschichte |0 (DE-588)4079158-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geschichtstheorie |0 (DE-588)4132931-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Weltgeschichte |0 (DE-588)4079158-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Schicksal |0 (DE-588)4052333-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichtstheorie |0 (DE-588)4132931-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 880 | 1 | |6 100-01/(N |a Марков, Георги |a ut | |
| 880 | 1 | 0 | |6 245-02/(N |a Съдбата в историята |c Георги Марков |
| 880 | 1 | |6 264-03/(N |a София |b Издателство "Захарий Стоянов" |c 2020 | |
| 940 | 1 | |f sla | |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20201226 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032349701 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 901 |e 22/bsb |f 090513 |g 499 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 900 |e 22/bsb |g 499 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804181843275153408 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Буйният пламък стопява свещта Щастието прелита над потомците 331 353 Пета глава. ЧОВЕШКАТА УЧАСТ ОТ ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕТО КЪМ СЕБЕОСЪЩЕСТВЯВАНЕТО Жребият да се родиш навреме инамясто Повикани от Историята Ирония на Съдбата Човешкият или изкуственият интелект кой кого? 446 Обобщение. Да помогнем на Съдбата! 469 Книгоописание за любознателните четци 486 Резюме / Synopsis 503 5 379 381 403 424
Georgi Markov FATE IN HISTORY (Synopsis) If we enter into the complicated world of human history we will be astonished to discover that mankind has its own weird and controversial common Destiny on which depends the fate of nations and civilizations. In order for us to exist such as we are nowadays, for centuries countless generations had to make our way through to modern times. Long time ago our ancestors have watched the same starts in the sky and have prayed sincerely for the future inhabitants on Earth. Forces of nature sometimes threatened to destroy mankind which relied only to gods. History left us astonishing examples for the manifesta tion of Fate, some of which are so incredible that it would be natural to ask ourselves: “How is this possible? Is this some game of Destiny or it is merely just a coincidence?” This re quires a good assessment of the circumstances and the efforts that helped or hindered the manifestation of Fate. If our mind concentrates on a given period of time with its unique charac teristics, then we would be obliged to “walk in the shoes” of these characters whose fate is already familiar to us long time ago. Description would not be enough here, so it is necessary that we dig deep and find out the reasons for a given event that already exist as a fact in History, to happen as a consequence. Of course after ages have passed we can grizzle as much as we want and to pretend that we are more clever than we are indeed; that it could have happened “the other way” but no one is capable of turning back time in order to fix the History. What is left
is the lesson by means of which to improve and by the help of which sometimes even to navigate Fate by using a wise agreement. Naturally the requirements of Fortune will be the basis of the impact of Fate. The faith in Destiny does not 511
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА I FATE Ш HISTORY liberate one from the responsibility of taking its own decision when making a choice in one’s life. Some believe that a man is doomed to take an already predestined path but others are determined that a man is “a master of its fate”. A personal fate however depends on the destinies of other humans as well as on the people among which one lives. Everything is related because if “Fate meets us” in time and space, then it also de pends on circumstances how it could be changed for better or for worse. Coincidences often take people by surprise and remind us for the ancient rule: “A chance is unrecognised regularity.” Es pecially when a threat “happens” and mind chooses not the logic but the intuition. The affected do not believe in “pure coincidence” but see in it “The sign of Fate”. However often “unpredictable coincidences” appear as a result of other hu mans’ decision, being either reasonable or not. This usually happens in absolute monarchies and totalitarian dictatorships when the autocrat or the leader takes decisions that are fateful for the country or the people thus “striking unexpectedly” the surprised lieges and subordinates. Nations are similar to humans that constitute and form them. Some acquiesce the destined and instead of raising their heads ֊ they raise arms when striving to survive and to outlive the hardship until Fate “smiles at them again”. When some thing good “happens” to a person, is is perceived as something natural, while bad things “befall” unexpectedly. Nations also feel joyful
at “the happy quirk” of Fate however they do not tend to seek for the reasons inside themselves upon misfortu nate concurrence of circumstances. They or (to be more pre cise) the authorities tend to search for the image of the enemy although it could be only an instrument of Fate. Bearing in mind that humans and nations live on the same planet, then it would be necessary to emphasize on their collective relation. If one nation conquers another nation, its better fate is at the expense of the subordinated one. What is unjustified for one nation can not be righteous for another. 512
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS The vicissitudes of Fate are surprising and appear too of ten than any (even tough and firm) nation can take. “The God chosen nations” do not have a joyful fate because other na tions do not stand them but they are the vast majority. What is strange, is the arrogant idea for the lack of vulnerability of some nations which have found voluntary or forced “protec tion” within the borders of “great empires”. However history repeatedly shows that empires also die, even after centuries of existence. The necessary balance of forces do not allow one single Super power to rule the world. The shared destiny of all the nations becomes a fate of mankind that would feel it as a common one, after it would be threatened by a space catastrophe or by the climatic changes. The dividing and confrontation occur upon sharing the goods on Earth whose unequal division causes discontent and en mity. Wars on the other hand affect the human resources and already are capable of leading them to self destruction. The cruel rivalry between the Great nations narrows the world and pushes it to a fateful path of which there is no return. The competition in armament “in the name of peace” is the most contradictory activity that was explained by the Roman rule: “ If you want peace - prepare for war!” This ancient proverb deserves acknowledgement, however we must consider that a spear is not comparable to a nuclear weapon. The change of civilizations is possible not by means of the next destruction but through a process of upgrading only. Speaking of “deterioration of the civilizations”
we can not miss the fact of their gradation in ascending order. We must remember that in Antiquity civilizations developed without knowing each other in Europe, Asia and America, sometimes with simultaneously and separately reached achievements. Who is the one that determines the rise and fall of a given civ ilization and the fact that these should accompany the fate of its carriers? Why it can be given as a precious heritage of wor thy followers? The division of the nations in “civilized” and “uncivilized” is rather conditional because often civilizations 513
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА і FATE IN HISTORY do not even acknowledge each other in irreconcilable battle for domination. Each nation has its own “civilized” layer that can be smaller or larger depending on its path in History. Each civilization has the right to exist in a given part of the world without dominating over the rest of the nations. The centuries have carried the most valuable experience which should enrich the whole contemporary civilization of man kind. No one can authorize a given civilization, nation, race or dynasty, dictator or democrat to decide the Fate of mankind, of other civilizations and nations. The goods of civilization are evident but also the evil deeds can not be denied. The alien ation of man from Mother Nature suggests breaking with hu man in the communication and the way of living. The illusion that one is capable of deciding its own fate leads to alienation from society. Often we can hear a bitter regret for “the misery to be born somewhere” because it is considered that this predestines your future from the moment you take your first breath. In other words one has to willingly or involuntarily share the Fate of its nation regardless of its own will. The benefits but not the ancestral roots are the leading ones when choosing to de fine which one you would like to be: “ No one has ever asked me!”. The omnivorous globalization is showing us shameful examples and justifying this with the right to change your fate “for better” by denying your roots. As a historian I feel sad that we do not always deserve our History
together with our destiny. The apostate has never been “a positive character” in History even in cases when it has accidentally “climbed” on one of history’s peaks. It is well known that History does not start with us, nei ther shall it end with us. The sense for historicism can help the contemporary people to understand to what extent they are capable of navigating their fate and how circumstances turn into insurmountable obstacles. The following approach: “ Let us burry the past and forget it!” is wrong and delusional. This will not make it any easier on us because what we inherited 514
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS and experienced stays inside ourselves. I hope that the strong and memorable examples given hereby will be convincible enough in order to assess in a right and useful way the accu mulated experience for centuries. Despite the advancement in technologies people are not more confident while living their lives because the power of Fate constitutes its unpredictabili ty. There are no random events so fortuity is related to Fate. To what extent we can use our free will and are the fatal mistakes predestined? Fate in history can be examined due to the fact that it has already happened. At the same time it continues in the contemporary and the future generations, therefore one has to know very well the relations between prerequisites and conse quences in their manifestations. If something has been set up many years ago and reminds of itself again, let us not be ig norant and unprepared. What is happening today sometimes is the one that was forgotten yesterday. The anticipated interven tion can prevent unwanted event which is imperceptibly con ceived in the past and is growing gradually until the doomed historical moment of its birth. Therefore we must not divide the events as “primary and secondary” in terms of already past era. The features of Fate change with time together with the approach towards its unraveling. If we manage to understand its impact upon given historical circumstances, then we will be able to predict it in the contemporary reality. Nevertheless some natural conditions exist unchangeable for centuries and we need to comply with them.
“Happiness of the whole mankind” is an utopian faith of frantic dreamers who flew in a hot air ballon above the cruel reality with its merciless severity. Poets can see way ahead the common prosperity but historians are obliged to sober them up without succumbing to the visual illusion: “Earth will be a paradise!” (G. Milev). The billions of reasonable human beings can not be made happy wholly and simultaneously. To some extent some nations reach universal excitement upon given emotive events, as well as experience 515
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY the feeling of empathy towards the common destiny. Man kind however is so numerous and diverse that happiness is not enough for everyone. The ancestral basis in human communication is also re lated to the command of Fate. The annalists from Antiquity to Modern times often mention about the curse upon this or that noble family and less often about the happy lot possessing the miraculous power of bringing good to the chosen ones. At the same time it looks like predestination justifies even heavy crimes or does not pay the tribute to someone who succeeded in life. The ancestral fate is particularly well accepted in pa triarchal society but it is not to be neglected also in the era of “The Common village” where informational society relies on the meeting through the computer screen. The comprehensiveness of Fate in History is valid for mankind, civilizations, nations, ancestral lines and humans. The course of events can not be explained only as a develop ment of the productive powers or due to change of the eco nomical and political system. Fate peeps behind the scenes of history. Facts not always achieve the complete revealing of the secret vicissitudes within the historical process. Wise precepts lose their power in front of the surprises of History, where Fate is multifaceted and does not tendentiously take a side. No one has ever outwitted Fate in its aspiration of win ning it because it does not accept an anchor at the bottom. The secrets of Fate are not to be open with one single key but with many
and moreover it is not a set of keys but they are hold by different hands. One does not depend only on its personal fate but also on the destiny of mankind, civilization, nation and ancestors which makes extremely difficult the already arguable ratio be tween them. It is not possible for one to enjoy prosperity while everywhere around is “fire and brimstone” and the moans ob struct the fake applauses. The selfish construction is hindering the mind to comprehend the fact that it is not realistic for “luck to smile only at you” because “you do not live on the 516
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS Moon”. Nothing is forever and everything changes. Fate in Histo ry is also affected by the changing circumstances which are surmountable and insurmountable. Therefore people can win a victory over part of the circumstances and to change them as much as it is in their power to do so. They prefer to write the History on their own rather than let it happen to themselves. The invincibility however comes from the natural factors in front of which mankind is helpless - space catastrophes, vol canic activity, long lasting droughts, pandemic situations and other elemental disasters for the stopping of which man seeks for help through prayers. In fact to a great extent it depends on humans to thread one selves between the insurmountable circumstances if they can not change them. To read “the signs of Fate” means to identify its repeat ing manifestations. History does not develop in a straight line “from end to end” and it knows how to open the eyes of every one who is blind for its warnings. Those who do not believe bear the “strike of Fate” and only after this feel sorry that they have not understood it correctly and in time. Others however do not realize it and have to feel even more painful the second strike in order to wake up and stand on the right place. Per ceptivity is a valuable quality of mind that can prevent a lot of hardship and suffering if it would be considered before falling in the abyss. Sometimes it is irreversibly late because even if someone tries to give the hand of salvation, it would not be possible to reach the unreflecting victim.
Normally people overestimate and rarely underestimate themselves due to which the resources and the powers do not reach the goal. We should help Fate while it is offering the opportunity to join its efforts, without waiting to be invited again because there will be no following invitation. The re sponsiveness without bargaining suggests simultaneous hold ing out of hands from both sides which does not mean equal ity. Fate is leading also when drawing the lots - one can not draw a lot which is not present in the bowl. Playing with the 517
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY same numbers is creditable but everything changes in life and perseverance is not always a positive quality: “ Help yourself in order for Fate to help you!”. Therefore do not raise your hands and do not give up in front of even the unsurmountable circumstances because Fate is not exactly predestined in the details. It likes to protect the ones who are strong in spirit and are ready to fight for its improvement. Even when Fate puts us down on our knees we have to carry on because it is the only way to get up, rather than grabble in desperation due to “bad luck”. Let us make whatever depends on us in order not to justify ourselves with the “awry fate” (L. Karavelov). If our path is to some extent predestined, then it is up to us whether and how we shall walk through it. Fate does not hold us by the hand but rather lets us walk, run or crawl ahead depending on the steep and the obstacles on our way. If mankind survives, civilizations will live either. If civi lizations develop, nations will enrich spiritually and material ly. If nations enjoy prosperity and peace, families will grow. If families live and survive, humans will exist. The dialectical dependence in destinies is clear also in a reverse order because man is the basis of everything else. The humanoid robots are not included in this common and colourful picture and for now it is better if they stay aside. If Fate is “right or wrong” depends on the point of view of the affected ones due to which I will restrain from listing rules and indicators. The
assessment of the historian is a sub ject to a change upon revealing of new facts about events and characters, but the spirit of time lasts despite them. Each age per se is a ruler of the objective circumstances upon which generations should live and change. No one has ever asked us whether, when and where should we be born in this world. Therefore it is not under our power to choose our own destiny. The only way is to change it, if this is possible, for better but not through sins and mistakes to increase the worse for us. Let us help Fate to have mercy on our hard lives, as long as 518
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS clemency allows this, and let us take care of our destiny as reasonable and as possible it is. If we do not do this, then we must be the ones to be blamed.
Буйният пламък стопява свещта Щастието прелита над потомците 331 353 Пета глава. ЧОВЕШКАТА УЧАСТ ОТ ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕТО КЪМ СЕБЕОСЪЩЕСТВЯВАНЕТО Жребият да се родиш навреме инамясто Повикани от Историята Ирония на Съдбата Човешкият или изкуственият интелект кой кого? 446 Обобщение. Да помогнем на Съдбата! 469 Книгоописание за любознателните четци 486 Резюме / Synopsis 503 5 379 381 403 424
Georgi Markov FATE IN HISTORY (Synopsis) If we enter into the complicated world of human history we will be astonished to discover that mankind has its own weird and controversial common Destiny on which depends the fate of nations and civilizations. In order for us to exist such as we are nowadays, for centuries countless generations had to make our way through to modern times. Long time ago our ancestors have watched the same starts in the sky and have prayed sincerely for the future inhabitants on Earth. Forces of nature sometimes threatened to destroy mankind which relied only to gods. History left us astonishing examples for the manifesta tion of Fate, some of which are so incredible that it would be natural to ask ourselves: “How is this possible? Is this some game of Destiny or it is merely just a coincidence?” This re quires a good assessment of the circumstances and the efforts that helped or hindered the manifestation of Fate. If our mind concentrates on a given period of time with its unique charac teristics, then we would be obliged to “walk in the shoes” of these characters whose fate is already familiar to us long time ago. Description would not be enough here, so it is necessary that we dig deep and find out the reasons for a given event that already exist as a fact in History, to happen as a consequence. Of course after ages have passed we can grizzle as much as we want and to pretend that we are more clever than we are indeed; that it could have happened “the other way” but no one is capable of turning back time in order to fix the History. What is left
is the lesson by means of which to improve and by the help of which sometimes even to navigate Fate by using a wise agreement. Naturally the requirements of Fortune will be the basis of the impact of Fate. The faith in Destiny does not 511
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА I FATE Ш HISTORY liberate one from the responsibility of taking its own decision when making a choice in one’s life. Some believe that a man is doomed to take an already predestined path but others are determined that a man is “a master of its fate”. A personal fate however depends on the destinies of other humans as well as on the people among which one lives. Everything is related because if “Fate meets us” in time and space, then it also de pends on circumstances how it could be changed for better or for worse. Coincidences often take people by surprise and remind us for the ancient rule: “A chance is unrecognised regularity.” Es pecially when a threat “happens” and mind chooses not the logic but the intuition. The affected do not believe in “pure coincidence” but see in it “The sign of Fate”. However often “unpredictable coincidences” appear as a result of other hu mans’ decision, being either reasonable or not. This usually happens in absolute monarchies and totalitarian dictatorships when the autocrat or the leader takes decisions that are fateful for the country or the people thus “striking unexpectedly” the surprised lieges and subordinates. Nations are similar to humans that constitute and form them. Some acquiesce the destined and instead of raising their heads ֊ they raise arms when striving to survive and to outlive the hardship until Fate “smiles at them again”. When some thing good “happens” to a person, is is perceived as something natural, while bad things “befall” unexpectedly. Nations also feel joyful
at “the happy quirk” of Fate however they do not tend to seek for the reasons inside themselves upon misfortu nate concurrence of circumstances. They or (to be more pre cise) the authorities tend to search for the image of the enemy although it could be only an instrument of Fate. Bearing in mind that humans and nations live on the same planet, then it would be necessary to emphasize on their collective relation. If one nation conquers another nation, its better fate is at the expense of the subordinated one. What is unjustified for one nation can not be righteous for another. 512
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS The vicissitudes of Fate are surprising and appear too of ten than any (even tough and firm) nation can take. “The God chosen nations” do not have a joyful fate because other na tions do not stand them but they are the vast majority. What is strange, is the arrogant idea for the lack of vulnerability of some nations which have found voluntary or forced “protec tion” within the borders of “great empires”. However history repeatedly shows that empires also die, even after centuries of existence. The necessary balance of forces do not allow one single Super power to rule the world. The shared destiny of all the nations becomes a fate of mankind that would feel it as a common one, after it would be threatened by a space catastrophe or by the climatic changes. The dividing and confrontation occur upon sharing the goods on Earth whose unequal division causes discontent and en mity. Wars on the other hand affect the human resources and already are capable of leading them to self destruction. The cruel rivalry between the Great nations narrows the world and pushes it to a fateful path of which there is no return. The competition in armament “in the name of peace” is the most contradictory activity that was explained by the Roman rule: “ If you want peace - prepare for war!” This ancient proverb deserves acknowledgement, however we must consider that a spear is not comparable to a nuclear weapon. The change of civilizations is possible not by means of the next destruction but through a process of upgrading only. Speaking of “deterioration of the civilizations”
we can not miss the fact of their gradation in ascending order. We must remember that in Antiquity civilizations developed without knowing each other in Europe, Asia and America, sometimes with simultaneously and separately reached achievements. Who is the one that determines the rise and fall of a given civ ilization and the fact that these should accompany the fate of its carriers? Why it can be given as a precious heritage of wor thy followers? The division of the nations in “civilized” and “uncivilized” is rather conditional because often civilizations 513
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА і FATE IN HISTORY do not even acknowledge each other in irreconcilable battle for domination. Each nation has its own “civilized” layer that can be smaller or larger depending on its path in History. Each civilization has the right to exist in a given part of the world without dominating over the rest of the nations. The centuries have carried the most valuable experience which should enrich the whole contemporary civilization of man kind. No one can authorize a given civilization, nation, race or dynasty, dictator or democrat to decide the Fate of mankind, of other civilizations and nations. The goods of civilization are evident but also the evil deeds can not be denied. The alien ation of man from Mother Nature suggests breaking with hu man in the communication and the way of living. The illusion that one is capable of deciding its own fate leads to alienation from society. Often we can hear a bitter regret for “the misery to be born somewhere” because it is considered that this predestines your future from the moment you take your first breath. In other words one has to willingly or involuntarily share the Fate of its nation regardless of its own will. The benefits but not the ancestral roots are the leading ones when choosing to de fine which one you would like to be: “ No one has ever asked me!”. The omnivorous globalization is showing us shameful examples and justifying this with the right to change your fate “for better” by denying your roots. As a historian I feel sad that we do not always deserve our History
together with our destiny. The apostate has never been “a positive character” in History even in cases when it has accidentally “climbed” on one of history’s peaks. It is well known that History does not start with us, nei ther shall it end with us. The sense for historicism can help the contemporary people to understand to what extent they are capable of navigating their fate and how circumstances turn into insurmountable obstacles. The following approach: “ Let us burry the past and forget it!” is wrong and delusional. This will not make it any easier on us because what we inherited 514
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS and experienced stays inside ourselves. I hope that the strong and memorable examples given hereby will be convincible enough in order to assess in a right and useful way the accu mulated experience for centuries. Despite the advancement in technologies people are not more confident while living their lives because the power of Fate constitutes its unpredictabili ty. There are no random events so fortuity is related to Fate. To what extent we can use our free will and are the fatal mistakes predestined? Fate in history can be examined due to the fact that it has already happened. At the same time it continues in the contemporary and the future generations, therefore one has to know very well the relations between prerequisites and conse quences in their manifestations. If something has been set up many years ago and reminds of itself again, let us not be ig norant and unprepared. What is happening today sometimes is the one that was forgotten yesterday. The anticipated interven tion can prevent unwanted event which is imperceptibly con ceived in the past and is growing gradually until the doomed historical moment of its birth. Therefore we must not divide the events as “primary and secondary” in terms of already past era. The features of Fate change with time together with the approach towards its unraveling. If we manage to understand its impact upon given historical circumstances, then we will be able to predict it in the contemporary reality. Nevertheless some natural conditions exist unchangeable for centuries and we need to comply with them.
“Happiness of the whole mankind” is an utopian faith of frantic dreamers who flew in a hot air ballon above the cruel reality with its merciless severity. Poets can see way ahead the common prosperity but historians are obliged to sober them up without succumbing to the visual illusion: “Earth will be a paradise!” (G. Milev). The billions of reasonable human beings can not be made happy wholly and simultaneously. To some extent some nations reach universal excitement upon given emotive events, as well as experience 515
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY the feeling of empathy towards the common destiny. Man kind however is so numerous and diverse that happiness is not enough for everyone. The ancestral basis in human communication is also re lated to the command of Fate. The annalists from Antiquity to Modern times often mention about the curse upon this or that noble family and less often about the happy lot possessing the miraculous power of bringing good to the chosen ones. At the same time it looks like predestination justifies even heavy crimes or does not pay the tribute to someone who succeeded in life. The ancestral fate is particularly well accepted in pa triarchal society but it is not to be neglected also in the era of “The Common village” where informational society relies on the meeting through the computer screen. The comprehensiveness of Fate in History is valid for mankind, civilizations, nations, ancestral lines and humans. The course of events can not be explained only as a develop ment of the productive powers or due to change of the eco nomical and political system. Fate peeps behind the scenes of history. Facts not always achieve the complete revealing of the secret vicissitudes within the historical process. Wise precepts lose their power in front of the surprises of History, where Fate is multifaceted and does not tendentiously take a side. No one has ever outwitted Fate in its aspiration of win ning it because it does not accept an anchor at the bottom. The secrets of Fate are not to be open with one single key but with many
and moreover it is not a set of keys but they are hold by different hands. One does not depend only on its personal fate but also on the destiny of mankind, civilization, nation and ancestors which makes extremely difficult the already arguable ratio be tween them. It is not possible for one to enjoy prosperity while everywhere around is “fire and brimstone” and the moans ob struct the fake applauses. The selfish construction is hindering the mind to comprehend the fact that it is not realistic for “luck to smile only at you” because “you do not live on the 516
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS Moon”. Nothing is forever and everything changes. Fate in Histo ry is also affected by the changing circumstances which are surmountable and insurmountable. Therefore people can win a victory over part of the circumstances and to change them as much as it is in their power to do so. They prefer to write the History on their own rather than let it happen to themselves. The invincibility however comes from the natural factors in front of which mankind is helpless - space catastrophes, vol canic activity, long lasting droughts, pandemic situations and other elemental disasters for the stopping of which man seeks for help through prayers. In fact to a great extent it depends on humans to thread one selves between the insurmountable circumstances if they can not change them. To read “the signs of Fate” means to identify its repeat ing manifestations. History does not develop in a straight line “from end to end” and it knows how to open the eyes of every one who is blind for its warnings. Those who do not believe bear the “strike of Fate” and only after this feel sorry that they have not understood it correctly and in time. Others however do not realize it and have to feel even more painful the second strike in order to wake up and stand on the right place. Per ceptivity is a valuable quality of mind that can prevent a lot of hardship and suffering if it would be considered before falling in the abyss. Sometimes it is irreversibly late because even if someone tries to give the hand of salvation, it would not be possible to reach the unreflecting victim.
Normally people overestimate and rarely underestimate themselves due to which the resources and the powers do not reach the goal. We should help Fate while it is offering the opportunity to join its efforts, without waiting to be invited again because there will be no following invitation. The re sponsiveness without bargaining suggests simultaneous hold ing out of hands from both sides which does not mean equal ity. Fate is leading also when drawing the lots - one can not draw a lot which is not present in the bowl. Playing with the 517
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY same numbers is creditable but everything changes in life and perseverance is not always a positive quality: “ Help yourself in order for Fate to help you!”. Therefore do not raise your hands and do not give up in front of even the unsurmountable circumstances because Fate is not exactly predestined in the details. It likes to protect the ones who are strong in spirit and are ready to fight for its improvement. Even when Fate puts us down on our knees we have to carry on because it is the only way to get up, rather than grabble in desperation due to “bad luck”. Let us make whatever depends on us in order not to justify ourselves with the “awry fate” (L. Karavelov). If our path is to some extent predestined, then it is up to us whether and how we shall walk through it. Fate does not hold us by the hand but rather lets us walk, run or crawl ahead depending on the steep and the obstacles on our way. If mankind survives, civilizations will live either. If civi lizations develop, nations will enrich spiritually and material ly. If nations enjoy prosperity and peace, families will grow. If families live and survive, humans will exist. The dialectical dependence in destinies is clear also in a reverse order because man is the basis of everything else. The humanoid robots are not included in this common and colourful picture and for now it is better if they stay aside. If Fate is “right or wrong” depends on the point of view of the affected ones due to which I will restrain from listing rules and indicators. The
assessment of the historian is a sub ject to a change upon revealing of new facts about events and characters, but the spirit of time lasts despite them. Each age per se is a ruler of the objective circumstances upon which generations should live and change. No one has ever asked us whether, when and where should we be born in this world. Therefore it is not under our power to choose our own destiny. The only way is to change it, if this is possible, for better but not through sins and mistakes to increase the worse for us. Let us help Fate to have mercy on our hard lives, as long as 518
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS clemency allows this, and let us take care of our destiny as reasonable and as possible it is. If we do not do this, then we must be the ones to be blamed.
|
| adam_txt |
Буйният пламък стопява свещта Щастието прелита над потомците 331 353 Пета глава. ЧОВЕШКАТА УЧАСТ ОТ ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕТО КЪМ СЕБЕОСЪЩЕСТВЯВАНЕТО Жребият да се родиш навреме инамясто Повикани от Историята Ирония на Съдбата Човешкият или изкуственият интелект кой кого? 446 Обобщение. Да помогнем на Съдбата! 469 Книгоописание за любознателните четци 486 Резюме / Synopsis 503 5 379 381 403 424
Georgi Markov FATE IN HISTORY (Synopsis) If we enter into the complicated world of human history we will be astonished to discover that mankind has its own weird and controversial common Destiny on which depends the fate of nations and civilizations. In order for us to exist such as we are nowadays, for centuries countless generations had to make our way through to modern times. Long time ago our ancestors have watched the same starts in the sky and have prayed sincerely for the future inhabitants on Earth. Forces of nature sometimes threatened to destroy mankind which relied only to gods. History left us astonishing examples for the manifesta tion of Fate, some of which are so incredible that it would be natural to ask ourselves: “How is this possible? Is this some game of Destiny or it is merely just a coincidence?” This re quires a good assessment of the circumstances and the efforts that helped or hindered the manifestation of Fate. If our mind concentrates on a given period of time with its unique charac teristics, then we would be obliged to “walk in the shoes” of these characters whose fate is already familiar to us long time ago. Description would not be enough here, so it is necessary that we dig deep and find out the reasons for a given event that already exist as a fact in History, to happen as a consequence. Of course after ages have passed we can grizzle as much as we want and to pretend that we are more clever than we are indeed; that it could have happened “the other way” but no one is capable of turning back time in order to fix the History. What is left
is the lesson by means of which to improve and by the help of which sometimes even to navigate Fate by using a wise agreement. Naturally the requirements of Fortune will be the basis of the impact of Fate. The faith in Destiny does not 511
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА I FATE Ш HISTORY liberate one from the responsibility of taking its own decision when making a choice in one’s life. Some believe that a man is doomed to take an already predestined path but others are determined that a man is “a master of its fate”. A personal fate however depends on the destinies of other humans as well as on the people among which one lives. Everything is related because if “Fate meets us” in time and space, then it also de pends on circumstances how it could be changed for better or for worse. Coincidences often take people by surprise and remind us for the ancient rule: “A chance is unrecognised regularity.” Es pecially when a threat “happens” and mind chooses not the logic but the intuition. The affected do not believe in “pure coincidence” but see in it “The sign of Fate”. However often “unpredictable coincidences” appear as a result of other hu mans’ decision, being either reasonable or not. This usually happens in absolute monarchies and totalitarian dictatorships when the autocrat or the leader takes decisions that are fateful for the country or the people thus “striking unexpectedly” the surprised lieges and subordinates. Nations are similar to humans that constitute and form them. Some acquiesce the destined and instead of raising their heads ֊ they raise arms when striving to survive and to outlive the hardship until Fate “smiles at them again”. When some thing good “happens” to a person, is is perceived as something natural, while bad things “befall” unexpectedly. Nations also feel joyful
at “the happy quirk” of Fate however they do not tend to seek for the reasons inside themselves upon misfortu nate concurrence of circumstances. They or (to be more pre cise) the authorities tend to search for the image of the enemy although it could be only an instrument of Fate. Bearing in mind that humans and nations live on the same planet, then it would be necessary to emphasize on their collective relation. If one nation conquers another nation, its better fate is at the expense of the subordinated one. What is unjustified for one nation can not be righteous for another. 512
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS The vicissitudes of Fate are surprising and appear too of ten than any (even tough and firm) nation can take. “The God chosen nations” do not have a joyful fate because other na tions do not stand them but they are the vast majority. What is strange, is the arrogant idea for the lack of vulnerability of some nations which have found voluntary or forced “protec tion” within the borders of “great empires”. However history repeatedly shows that empires also die, even after centuries of existence. The necessary balance of forces do not allow one single Super power to rule the world. The shared destiny of all the nations becomes a fate of mankind that would feel it as a common one, after it would be threatened by a space catastrophe or by the climatic changes. The dividing and confrontation occur upon sharing the goods on Earth whose unequal division causes discontent and en mity. Wars on the other hand affect the human resources and already are capable of leading them to self destruction. The cruel rivalry between the Great nations narrows the world and pushes it to a fateful path of which there is no return. The competition in armament “in the name of peace” is the most contradictory activity that was explained by the Roman rule: “ If you want peace - prepare for war!” This ancient proverb deserves acknowledgement, however we must consider that a spear is not comparable to a nuclear weapon. The change of civilizations is possible not by means of the next destruction but through a process of upgrading only. Speaking of “deterioration of the civilizations”
we can not miss the fact of their gradation in ascending order. We must remember that in Antiquity civilizations developed without knowing each other in Europe, Asia and America, sometimes with simultaneously and separately reached achievements. Who is the one that determines the rise and fall of a given civ ilization and the fact that these should accompany the fate of its carriers? Why it can be given as a precious heritage of wor thy followers? The division of the nations in “civilized” and “uncivilized” is rather conditional because often civilizations 513
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА і FATE IN HISTORY do not even acknowledge each other in irreconcilable battle for domination. Each nation has its own “civilized” layer that can be smaller or larger depending on its path in History. Each civilization has the right to exist in a given part of the world without dominating over the rest of the nations. The centuries have carried the most valuable experience which should enrich the whole contemporary civilization of man kind. No one can authorize a given civilization, nation, race or dynasty, dictator or democrat to decide the Fate of mankind, of other civilizations and nations. The goods of civilization are evident but also the evil deeds can not be denied. The alien ation of man from Mother Nature suggests breaking with hu man in the communication and the way of living. The illusion that one is capable of deciding its own fate leads to alienation from society. Often we can hear a bitter regret for “the misery to be born somewhere” because it is considered that this predestines your future from the moment you take your first breath. In other words one has to willingly or involuntarily share the Fate of its nation regardless of its own will. The benefits but not the ancestral roots are the leading ones when choosing to de fine which one you would like to be: “ No one has ever asked me!”. The omnivorous globalization is showing us shameful examples and justifying this with the right to change your fate “for better” by denying your roots. As a historian I feel sad that we do not always deserve our History
together with our destiny. The apostate has never been “a positive character” in History even in cases when it has accidentally “climbed” on one of history’s peaks. It is well known that History does not start with us, nei ther shall it end with us. The sense for historicism can help the contemporary people to understand to what extent they are capable of navigating their fate and how circumstances turn into insurmountable obstacles. The following approach: “ Let us burry the past and forget it!” is wrong and delusional. This will not make it any easier on us because what we inherited 514
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS and experienced stays inside ourselves. I hope that the strong and memorable examples given hereby will be convincible enough in order to assess in a right and useful way the accu mulated experience for centuries. Despite the advancement in technologies people are not more confident while living their lives because the power of Fate constitutes its unpredictabili ty. There are no random events so fortuity is related to Fate. To what extent we can use our free will and are the fatal mistakes predestined? Fate in history can be examined due to the fact that it has already happened. At the same time it continues in the contemporary and the future generations, therefore one has to know very well the relations between prerequisites and conse quences in their manifestations. If something has been set up many years ago and reminds of itself again, let us not be ig norant and unprepared. What is happening today sometimes is the one that was forgotten yesterday. The anticipated interven tion can prevent unwanted event which is imperceptibly con ceived in the past and is growing gradually until the doomed historical moment of its birth. Therefore we must not divide the events as “primary and secondary” in terms of already past era. The features of Fate change with time together with the approach towards its unraveling. If we manage to understand its impact upon given historical circumstances, then we will be able to predict it in the contemporary reality. Nevertheless some natural conditions exist unchangeable for centuries and we need to comply with them.
“Happiness of the whole mankind” is an utopian faith of frantic dreamers who flew in a hot air ballon above the cruel reality with its merciless severity. Poets can see way ahead the common prosperity but historians are obliged to sober them up without succumbing to the visual illusion: “Earth will be a paradise!” (G. Milev). The billions of reasonable human beings can not be made happy wholly and simultaneously. To some extent some nations reach universal excitement upon given emotive events, as well as experience 515
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY the feeling of empathy towards the common destiny. Man kind however is so numerous and diverse that happiness is not enough for everyone. The ancestral basis in human communication is also re lated to the command of Fate. The annalists from Antiquity to Modern times often mention about the curse upon this or that noble family and less often about the happy lot possessing the miraculous power of bringing good to the chosen ones. At the same time it looks like predestination justifies even heavy crimes or does not pay the tribute to someone who succeeded in life. The ancestral fate is particularly well accepted in pa triarchal society but it is not to be neglected also in the era of “The Common village” where informational society relies on the meeting through the computer screen. The comprehensiveness of Fate in History is valid for mankind, civilizations, nations, ancestral lines and humans. The course of events can not be explained only as a develop ment of the productive powers or due to change of the eco nomical and political system. Fate peeps behind the scenes of history. Facts not always achieve the complete revealing of the secret vicissitudes within the historical process. Wise precepts lose their power in front of the surprises of History, where Fate is multifaceted and does not tendentiously take a side. No one has ever outwitted Fate in its aspiration of win ning it because it does not accept an anchor at the bottom. The secrets of Fate are not to be open with one single key but with many
and moreover it is not a set of keys but they are hold by different hands. One does not depend only on its personal fate but also on the destiny of mankind, civilization, nation and ancestors which makes extremely difficult the already arguable ratio be tween them. It is not possible for one to enjoy prosperity while everywhere around is “fire and brimstone” and the moans ob struct the fake applauses. The selfish construction is hindering the mind to comprehend the fact that it is not realistic for “luck to smile only at you” because “you do not live on the 516
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS Moon”. Nothing is forever and everything changes. Fate in Histo ry is also affected by the changing circumstances which are surmountable and insurmountable. Therefore people can win a victory over part of the circumstances and to change them as much as it is in their power to do so. They prefer to write the History on their own rather than let it happen to themselves. The invincibility however comes from the natural factors in front of which mankind is helpless - space catastrophes, vol canic activity, long lasting droughts, pandemic situations and other elemental disasters for the stopping of which man seeks for help through prayers. In fact to a great extent it depends on humans to thread one selves between the insurmountable circumstances if they can not change them. To read “the signs of Fate” means to identify its repeat ing manifestations. History does not develop in a straight line “from end to end” and it knows how to open the eyes of every one who is blind for its warnings. Those who do not believe bear the “strike of Fate” and only after this feel sorry that they have not understood it correctly and in time. Others however do not realize it and have to feel even more painful the second strike in order to wake up and stand on the right place. Per ceptivity is a valuable quality of mind that can prevent a lot of hardship and suffering if it would be considered before falling in the abyss. Sometimes it is irreversibly late because even if someone tries to give the hand of salvation, it would not be possible to reach the unreflecting victim.
Normally people overestimate and rarely underestimate themselves due to which the resources and the powers do not reach the goal. We should help Fate while it is offering the opportunity to join its efforts, without waiting to be invited again because there will be no following invitation. The re sponsiveness without bargaining suggests simultaneous hold ing out of hands from both sides which does not mean equal ity. Fate is leading also when drawing the lots - one can not draw a lot which is not present in the bowl. Playing with the 517
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY same numbers is creditable but everything changes in life and perseverance is not always a positive quality: “ Help yourself in order for Fate to help you!”. Therefore do not raise your hands and do not give up in front of even the unsurmountable circumstances because Fate is not exactly predestined in the details. It likes to protect the ones who are strong in spirit and are ready to fight for its improvement. Even when Fate puts us down on our knees we have to carry on because it is the only way to get up, rather than grabble in desperation due to “bad luck”. Let us make whatever depends on us in order not to justify ourselves with the “awry fate” (L. Karavelov). If our path is to some extent predestined, then it is up to us whether and how we shall walk through it. Fate does not hold us by the hand but rather lets us walk, run or crawl ahead depending on the steep and the obstacles on our way. If mankind survives, civilizations will live either. If civi lizations develop, nations will enrich spiritually and material ly. If nations enjoy prosperity and peace, families will grow. If families live and survive, humans will exist. The dialectical dependence in destinies is clear also in a reverse order because man is the basis of everything else. The humanoid robots are not included in this common and colourful picture and for now it is better if they stay aside. If Fate is “right or wrong” depends on the point of view of the affected ones due to which I will restrain from listing rules and indicators. The
assessment of the historian is a sub ject to a change upon revealing of new facts about events and characters, but the spirit of time lasts despite them. Each age per se is a ruler of the objective circumstances upon which generations should live and change. No one has ever asked us whether, when and where should we be born in this world. Therefore it is not under our power to choose our own destiny. The only way is to change it, if this is possible, for better but not through sins and mistakes to increase the worse for us. Let us help Fate to have mercy on our hard lives, as long as 518
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS clemency allows this, and let us take care of our destiny as reasonable and as possible it is. If we do not do this, then we must be the ones to be blamed.
Буйният пламък стопява свещта Щастието прелита над потомците 331 353 Пета глава. ЧОВЕШКАТА УЧАСТ ОТ ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕТО КЪМ СЕБЕОСЪЩЕСТВЯВАНЕТО Жребият да се родиш навреме инамясто Повикани от Историята Ирония на Съдбата Човешкият или изкуственият интелект кой кого? 446 Обобщение. Да помогнем на Съдбата! 469 Книгоописание за любознателните четци 486 Резюме / Synopsis 503 5 379 381 403 424
Georgi Markov FATE IN HISTORY (Synopsis) If we enter into the complicated world of human history we will be astonished to discover that mankind has its own weird and controversial common Destiny on which depends the fate of nations and civilizations. In order for us to exist such as we are nowadays, for centuries countless generations had to make our way through to modern times. Long time ago our ancestors have watched the same starts in the sky and have prayed sincerely for the future inhabitants on Earth. Forces of nature sometimes threatened to destroy mankind which relied only to gods. History left us astonishing examples for the manifesta tion of Fate, some of which are so incredible that it would be natural to ask ourselves: “How is this possible? Is this some game of Destiny or it is merely just a coincidence?” This re quires a good assessment of the circumstances and the efforts that helped or hindered the manifestation of Fate. If our mind concentrates on a given period of time with its unique charac teristics, then we would be obliged to “walk in the shoes” of these characters whose fate is already familiar to us long time ago. Description would not be enough here, so it is necessary that we dig deep and find out the reasons for a given event that already exist as a fact in History, to happen as a consequence. Of course after ages have passed we can grizzle as much as we want and to pretend that we are more clever than we are indeed; that it could have happened “the other way” but no one is capable of turning back time in order to fix the History. What is left
is the lesson by means of which to improve and by the help of which sometimes even to navigate Fate by using a wise agreement. Naturally the requirements of Fortune will be the basis of the impact of Fate. The faith in Destiny does not 511
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА I FATE Ш HISTORY liberate one from the responsibility of taking its own decision when making a choice in one’s life. Some believe that a man is doomed to take an already predestined path but others are determined that a man is “a master of its fate”. A personal fate however depends on the destinies of other humans as well as on the people among which one lives. Everything is related because if “Fate meets us” in time and space, then it also de pends on circumstances how it could be changed for better or for worse. Coincidences often take people by surprise and remind us for the ancient rule: “A chance is unrecognised regularity.” Es pecially when a threat “happens” and mind chooses not the logic but the intuition. The affected do not believe in “pure coincidence” but see in it “The sign of Fate”. However often “unpredictable coincidences” appear as a result of other hu mans’ decision, being either reasonable or not. This usually happens in absolute monarchies and totalitarian dictatorships when the autocrat or the leader takes decisions that are fateful for the country or the people thus “striking unexpectedly” the surprised lieges and subordinates. Nations are similar to humans that constitute and form them. Some acquiesce the destined and instead of raising their heads ֊ they raise arms when striving to survive and to outlive the hardship until Fate “smiles at them again”. When some thing good “happens” to a person, is is perceived as something natural, while bad things “befall” unexpectedly. Nations also feel joyful
at “the happy quirk” of Fate however they do not tend to seek for the reasons inside themselves upon misfortu nate concurrence of circumstances. They or (to be more pre cise) the authorities tend to search for the image of the enemy although it could be only an instrument of Fate. Bearing in mind that humans and nations live on the same planet, then it would be necessary to emphasize on their collective relation. If one nation conquers another nation, its better fate is at the expense of the subordinated one. What is unjustified for one nation can not be righteous for another. 512
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS The vicissitudes of Fate are surprising and appear too of ten than any (even tough and firm) nation can take. “The God chosen nations” do not have a joyful fate because other na tions do not stand them but they are the vast majority. What is strange, is the arrogant idea for the lack of vulnerability of some nations which have found voluntary or forced “protec tion” within the borders of “great empires”. However history repeatedly shows that empires also die, even after centuries of existence. The necessary balance of forces do not allow one single Super power to rule the world. The shared destiny of all the nations becomes a fate of mankind that would feel it as a common one, after it would be threatened by a space catastrophe or by the climatic changes. The dividing and confrontation occur upon sharing the goods on Earth whose unequal division causes discontent and en mity. Wars on the other hand affect the human resources and already are capable of leading them to self destruction. The cruel rivalry between the Great nations narrows the world and pushes it to a fateful path of which there is no return. The competition in armament “in the name of peace” is the most contradictory activity that was explained by the Roman rule: “ If you want peace - prepare for war!” This ancient proverb deserves acknowledgement, however we must consider that a spear is not comparable to a nuclear weapon. The change of civilizations is possible not by means of the next destruction but through a process of upgrading only. Speaking of “deterioration of the civilizations”
we can not miss the fact of their gradation in ascending order. We must remember that in Antiquity civilizations developed without knowing each other in Europe, Asia and America, sometimes with simultaneously and separately reached achievements. Who is the one that determines the rise and fall of a given civ ilization and the fact that these should accompany the fate of its carriers? Why it can be given as a precious heritage of wor thy followers? The division of the nations in “civilized” and “uncivilized” is rather conditional because often civilizations 513
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА і FATE IN HISTORY do not even acknowledge each other in irreconcilable battle for domination. Each nation has its own “civilized” layer that can be smaller or larger depending on its path in History. Each civilization has the right to exist in a given part of the world without dominating over the rest of the nations. The centuries have carried the most valuable experience which should enrich the whole contemporary civilization of man kind. No one can authorize a given civilization, nation, race or dynasty, dictator or democrat to decide the Fate of mankind, of other civilizations and nations. The goods of civilization are evident but also the evil deeds can not be denied. The alien ation of man from Mother Nature suggests breaking with hu man in the communication and the way of living. The illusion that one is capable of deciding its own fate leads to alienation from society. Often we can hear a bitter regret for “the misery to be born somewhere” because it is considered that this predestines your future from the moment you take your first breath. In other words one has to willingly or involuntarily share the Fate of its nation regardless of its own will. The benefits but not the ancestral roots are the leading ones when choosing to de fine which one you would like to be: “ No one has ever asked me!”. The omnivorous globalization is showing us shameful examples and justifying this with the right to change your fate “for better” by denying your roots. As a historian I feel sad that we do not always deserve our History
together with our destiny. The apostate has never been “a positive character” in History even in cases when it has accidentally “climbed” on one of history’s peaks. It is well known that History does not start with us, nei ther shall it end with us. The sense for historicism can help the contemporary people to understand to what extent they are capable of navigating their fate and how circumstances turn into insurmountable obstacles. The following approach: “ Let us burry the past and forget it!” is wrong and delusional. This will not make it any easier on us because what we inherited 514
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS and experienced stays inside ourselves. I hope that the strong and memorable examples given hereby will be convincible enough in order to assess in a right and useful way the accu mulated experience for centuries. Despite the advancement in technologies people are not more confident while living their lives because the power of Fate constitutes its unpredictabili ty. There are no random events so fortuity is related to Fate. To what extent we can use our free will and are the fatal mistakes predestined? Fate in history can be examined due to the fact that it has already happened. At the same time it continues in the contemporary and the future generations, therefore one has to know very well the relations between prerequisites and conse quences in their manifestations. If something has been set up many years ago and reminds of itself again, let us not be ig norant and unprepared. What is happening today sometimes is the one that was forgotten yesterday. The anticipated interven tion can prevent unwanted event which is imperceptibly con ceived in the past and is growing gradually until the doomed historical moment of its birth. Therefore we must not divide the events as “primary and secondary” in terms of already past era. The features of Fate change with time together with the approach towards its unraveling. If we manage to understand its impact upon given historical circumstances, then we will be able to predict it in the contemporary reality. Nevertheless some natural conditions exist unchangeable for centuries and we need to comply with them.
“Happiness of the whole mankind” is an utopian faith of frantic dreamers who flew in a hot air ballon above the cruel reality with its merciless severity. Poets can see way ahead the common prosperity but historians are obliged to sober them up without succumbing to the visual illusion: “Earth will be a paradise!” (G. Milev). The billions of reasonable human beings can not be made happy wholly and simultaneously. To some extent some nations reach universal excitement upon given emotive events, as well as experience 515
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY the feeling of empathy towards the common destiny. Man kind however is so numerous and diverse that happiness is not enough for everyone. The ancestral basis in human communication is also re lated to the command of Fate. The annalists from Antiquity to Modern times often mention about the curse upon this or that noble family and less often about the happy lot possessing the miraculous power of bringing good to the chosen ones. At the same time it looks like predestination justifies even heavy crimes or does not pay the tribute to someone who succeeded in life. The ancestral fate is particularly well accepted in pa triarchal society but it is not to be neglected also in the era of “The Common village” where informational society relies on the meeting through the computer screen. The comprehensiveness of Fate in History is valid for mankind, civilizations, nations, ancestral lines and humans. The course of events can not be explained only as a develop ment of the productive powers or due to change of the eco nomical and political system. Fate peeps behind the scenes of history. Facts not always achieve the complete revealing of the secret vicissitudes within the historical process. Wise precepts lose their power in front of the surprises of History, where Fate is multifaceted and does not tendentiously take a side. No one has ever outwitted Fate in its aspiration of win ning it because it does not accept an anchor at the bottom. The secrets of Fate are not to be open with one single key but with many
and moreover it is not a set of keys but they are hold by different hands. One does not depend only on its personal fate but also on the destiny of mankind, civilization, nation and ancestors which makes extremely difficult the already arguable ratio be tween them. It is not possible for one to enjoy prosperity while everywhere around is “fire and brimstone” and the moans ob struct the fake applauses. The selfish construction is hindering the mind to comprehend the fact that it is not realistic for “luck to smile only at you” because “you do not live on the 516
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS Moon”. Nothing is forever and everything changes. Fate in Histo ry is also affected by the changing circumstances which are surmountable and insurmountable. Therefore people can win a victory over part of the circumstances and to change them as much as it is in their power to do so. They prefer to write the History on their own rather than let it happen to themselves. The invincibility however comes from the natural factors in front of which mankind is helpless - space catastrophes, vol canic activity, long lasting droughts, pandemic situations and other elemental disasters for the stopping of which man seeks for help through prayers. In fact to a great extent it depends on humans to thread one selves between the insurmountable circumstances if they can not change them. To read “the signs of Fate” means to identify its repeat ing manifestations. History does not develop in a straight line “from end to end” and it knows how to open the eyes of every one who is blind for its warnings. Those who do not believe bear the “strike of Fate” and only after this feel sorry that they have not understood it correctly and in time. Others however do not realize it and have to feel even more painful the second strike in order to wake up and stand on the right place. Per ceptivity is a valuable quality of mind that can prevent a lot of hardship and suffering if it would be considered before falling in the abyss. Sometimes it is irreversibly late because even if someone tries to give the hand of salvation, it would not be possible to reach the unreflecting victim.
Normally people overestimate and rarely underestimate themselves due to which the resources and the powers do not reach the goal. We should help Fate while it is offering the opportunity to join its efforts, without waiting to be invited again because there will be no following invitation. The re sponsiveness without bargaining suggests simultaneous hold ing out of hands from both sides which does not mean equal ity. Fate is leading also when drawing the lots - one can not draw a lot which is not present in the bowl. Playing with the 517
ГЕОРГИ МАРКОВ / GEORGI MARKOV. СЪДБАТА В ИСТОРИЯТА / FATE IN HISTORY same numbers is creditable but everything changes in life and perseverance is not always a positive quality: “ Help yourself in order for Fate to help you!”. Therefore do not raise your hands and do not give up in front of even the unsurmountable circumstances because Fate is not exactly predestined in the details. It likes to protect the ones who are strong in spirit and are ready to fight for its improvement. Even when Fate puts us down on our knees we have to carry on because it is the only way to get up, rather than grabble in desperation due to “bad luck”. Let us make whatever depends on us in order not to justify ourselves with the “awry fate” (L. Karavelov). If our path is to some extent predestined, then it is up to us whether and how we shall walk through it. Fate does not hold us by the hand but rather lets us walk, run or crawl ahead depending on the steep and the obstacles on our way. If mankind survives, civilizations will live either. If civi lizations develop, nations will enrich spiritually and material ly. If nations enjoy prosperity and peace, families will grow. If families live and survive, humans will exist. The dialectical dependence in destinies is clear also in a reverse order because man is the basis of everything else. The humanoid robots are not included in this common and colourful picture and for now it is better if they stay aside. If Fate is “right or wrong” depends on the point of view of the affected ones due to which I will restrain from listing rules and indicators. The
assessment of the historian is a sub ject to a change upon revealing of new facts about events and characters, but the spirit of time lasts despite them. Each age per se is a ruler of the objective circumstances upon which generations should live and change. No one has ever asked us whether, when and where should we be born in this world. Therefore it is not under our power to choose our own destiny. The only way is to change it, if this is possible, for better but not through sins and mistakes to increase the worse for us. Let us help Fate to have mercy on our hard lives, as long as 518
РЕЗЮМЕ / SYNOPSIS clemency allows this, and let us take care of our destiny as reasonable and as possible it is. If we do not do this, then we must be the ones to be blamed. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Markov, Georgi 1946- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)12486404X |
| author_facet | Markov, Georgi 1946- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Markov, Georgi 1946- |
| author_variant | g m gm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046940983 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1224013443 (DE-599)BVBBV046940983 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02882nam a2200553 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV046940983</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220114 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">201015s2020 |||| 00||| bul d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789540914435</subfield><subfield code="9">978-954-09-1443-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1224013443</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV046940983</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">bul</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="6">880-01</subfield><subfield code="a">Markov, Georgi</subfield><subfield code="d">1946-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)12486404X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="6">880-02</subfield><subfield code="a">Sădbata v istorijata</subfield><subfield code="c">Georgi Markov</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Fate in history</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="6">880-03</subfield><subfield code="a">Sofija</subfield><subfield code="b">Izdatelstvo "Zacharij Stojanov"</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">519 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Literaturverzeichnis Seite 486-502</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache: Fate in history</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text bulgarisch</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">Kyrillisch</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Schicksal</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4052333-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Weltgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4079158-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichtstheorie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4132931-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Weltgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4079158-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Schicksal</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4052333-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichtstheorie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4132931-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="880" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="6">100-01/(N</subfield><subfield code="a">Марков, Георги</subfield><subfield code="a">ut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="880" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="6">245-02/(N</subfield><subfield code="a">Съдбата в историята</subfield><subfield code="c">Георги Марков</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="880" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="6">264-03/(N</subfield><subfield code="a">София</subfield><subfield code="b">Издателство "Захарий Стоянов"</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="f">sla</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20201226</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032349701</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">901</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090513</subfield><subfield code="g">499</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">900</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">499</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV046940983 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:38:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:58:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789540914435 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032349701 |
| oclc_num | 1224013443 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 519 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20201226 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Izdatelstvo "Zacharij Stojanov" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-01 Markov, Georgi 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)12486404X aut 880-02 Sădbata v istorijata Georgi Markov Fate in history 880-03 Sofija Izdatelstvo "Zacharij Stojanov" 2020 519 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 486-502 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache: Fate in history Text bulgarisch Kyrillisch Schicksal (DE-588)4052333-0 gnd rswk-swf Weltgeschichte (DE-588)4079158-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtstheorie (DE-588)4132931-4 gnd rswk-swf Weltgeschichte (DE-588)4079158-0 s Schicksal (DE-588)4052333-0 s Geschichtstheorie (DE-588)4132931-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 100-01/(N Марков, Георги ut 245-02/(N Съдбата в историята Георги Марков 264-03/(N София Издателство "Захарий Стоянов" 2020 |
| spellingShingle | Markov, Georgi 1946- Sădbata v istorijata Schicksal (DE-588)4052333-0 gnd Weltgeschichte (DE-588)4079158-0 gnd Geschichtstheorie (DE-588)4132931-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4052333-0 (DE-588)4079158-0 (DE-588)4132931-4 |
| title | Sădbata v istorijata |
| title_alt | Fate in history |
| title_auth | Sădbata v istorijata |
| title_exact_search | Sădbata v istorijata |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Sădbata v istorijata |
| title_full | Sădbata v istorijata Georgi Markov |
| title_fullStr | Sădbata v istorijata Georgi Markov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sădbata v istorijata Georgi Markov |
| title_short | Sădbata v istorijata |
| title_sort | sadbata v istorijata |
| topic | Schicksal (DE-588)4052333-0 gnd Weltgeschichte (DE-588)4079158-0 gnd Geschichtstheorie (DE-588)4132931-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Schicksal Weltgeschichte Geschichtstheorie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032349701&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markovgeorgi sadbatavistorijata AT markovgeorgi fateinhistory |
Es ist kein Print-Exemplar vorhanden.
Inhaltsverzeichnis