The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania:
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| Language: | English |
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Cham, Switzerland
palgrave macmillan
[2020]
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| Series: | Modernity, memory and identity in South-East Europe
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introductory Matters 1 2 A Resurgent Church 39 3 A Rampant Church 75 4 Secular Counterpoint 105 5 Undercurrents of Identity Discourse 137 6 In Search of a Conclusion 161 Index 167 vii
Index A Academy, Romanian, 80-82, 85 and the ”Appeal,” 128 and Constantin BălăceanuStolnici, 95 and Eugen Simion, 82, 111 and Ioan-Aurel Pop, 125 and Lucian Blaga, 24, 25 and Patriarch Daniel, 1, 76, 84, 147, 151,155 and Răzvan Theodorescu, 134 and Virgil Cândea, 63 Amzăr, Dumitru Cristian, 24-25 Andreescu, Gabriel, 59, 111, 113-118,123-124,134 Andrew, Saint, 26, 27, 77, 78,125 Antim, 28 Antohi, Sorin, 118,122,132 Asociaţia Studenţilor Creştini Ortodocşi Români (ASCOR), 68 Assmann, Jan, 119,120 Austin, J.L., 8,138 Autocephaly, 133,155 and the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29, 95 В Baconschi, Teodor, 12,40, 87-88 Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Constantin, 95 Baptist Church, 45 Barbu, Daniel, 10, !32֊133,165 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1,29, ЗО, 65,93 Basarab, 29 Basilica, Media Group, 70, 76, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, 13, 51 Beøriffsgeschichte, 5-8, 139 Bessarabia, 10, 29, 84,116,147,148 Blaga, Lucian, 18,24-25 Blustein, Jeffrey, 120 Bourdieu, Pierre, 13 Bria, Ion, 50-52 Brubaker, Rogers, 13,14, 51, 85 Brunetière, Ferdinand, 19 © The Author(s) 2020 A. Velku, The Orthodox Church and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03048427-9 167
168 INDEX Bucharest, 29, 68, 79, 153 and demolition, 55 and demonstrations, 129 Patriarchate headquarters, 55 University, 43, 54, 84 Bukovina, 28, 68, 69, 87, 94 Bulgaria, 29, 64, 66 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 71 C Calinesm, George, 25 Cândea, Virgil, 63 Canonization, 84,126,137,146-149 and Church annual reports, 148 as institutional competence, 149 and speech acts, 146-148,163 Caraiani, Ovidiu, 114,156 Cathedral, National, 10, 54-57, 61, 83, 137,149,162 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 66 and Patriarch Teoctist’s telegram, 2, 41 Christianity, 22, 52, 60, 77, 79,109, 110,156 and the curriculum, 58 and identity, 79,133,140-141 Orthodox, 2, 59, 60,108 pre-Constantinian, 12 and Romania, 5, 26, 27, 57, 77 Church, 12,17, 28, 30, 31, 42,43, 48, 66, 67, 75, 82, 99,109,113, 120,122-125,130,137,138, 140,141,144,145, 148,153-156 Greek Catholic, 9, 71,133,143, 144; conflict with the Orthodox Church, 26; persecution of, 44, 143; property, 44, 61 Romanian Orthodox, 1, 3, 5, 22, 26-27,40,43-45, 50, 56, 63, 64,69, 71,108,116,118, 139,143,146,150-151, 156, 161, 163; arguments of, 4, 9, 51, 56, 57, 68; autocephalous, 29,51-53, 93, 96,102,133; and charitable work, 100-101, 126; and democratization, 13; and education, 58-59, 61, 63, 158, 162; and the European Union, 11, 54, 63-66, 83; and the Holocaust, 10; and identity, 3, 5-6,11,21,32, 39-41,50, 53, 57, 59, 75, 77, 82, 84-85, 92, 96,102,112,126-127, 137,141,142,145,147, 149, 155-158,164-165; institution, 8,17, 29, 30, 32, 42, 47, 63, 65, 70, 75, 86-91, 94, 97-98, 103,108,113,116,120-121, 131, 143, !47,150,161,162; and intellectuals, 60, 110, 112; and
the mass media, 41, 68, 70, 162; Metropolitan, 27-29, 86; national, 31,45^6, 51, 63, 87,91, 111, 116,145-146, 161; and National Cathedral, 10, 53-55, 61,162; and nationalism, 9-11, 51,103; Patriarchate, 30, 52, 86, 93, 102; and property, 44, 61, 96-97,143-144; and the Romanian people, 20-21, 50-53, 80, 91,92,151; and the security services, 11, 47, 96-97; and the State, 9-11, 14, 15,30, 62, 88,131,144 Ciobotea, Daniel, 40,41,47, 88,155 Metropolitan, 154 See also Patriarch Daniel Cluj, 14 University, 125, 127 Communist Party, Romanian, 2, 55, 98
INDEX Conovici, Juliana, 12, 32, 80, 83, 88-89 Constantinescu, Emil, 62 Constantiniu, Florin, 120, 143 Constantinople, 19 fall of, 28 Patriarchate, 1, 27, ЗО, 93, 95 Cornea, Andrei, 59 Coroaim-Stanca, Soroana, 120 Crainic, Nichifor, 18, 24, 111, 126,164 Cristea, Miron, 52-55,102 Cuza, Alexandra loan, 29-30, 145 Czarniawska, Barbara, 17, 91, 92, 97 D Dacia, 27,108,114 Daniel, see Patriarch Daniel Democracy, 45, 58, 89,117,124 Democratization, 8,13, 41, 109, 111, 140 Doinaş, Şt. Aug, 109,162 Drăghicescu, Dumitru, 19-21, 25, 53, 110,130,165 Dumitrescu, Sorin, 48, 49, 110 Durkheim, Emile, 20 E Eliade, Mircea, 18, 43 Eliade, Pompiliu, 18-21 Enache, George, 11 European integration, 11, 61-67, 79, 87, 99,103,114-116,118 and the Church, 54 and identity, 99,156 and Latin legacy, 15, 67, 84 See also European Union European Union, 63-67, 75, 99,114, 116,124 and the Church, 11,154 See also European integration 169 F Florence-Ferrara, Synod of, 28 Foucault, Michel, 9 G Gabor, Adrian, 11 Galériu, Constantin, 52, 53, 93 Geertz, Clifford, 16 Giesen, Bernhard, 13, 51 Gillet, Olivier, 12-13 Globalization, 81,143,150, 153-156,164 Gordon, Vasile, 68 Greek Orthodox Church, 66,131 H Haddock, Brace, 114, 156 Hall, Stuart, 13, 51 Heinen, Armin, 11,18 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 7 Identity, 2, 11, 51-53, 57, 59, 60, 70, 97,103,108,117,124,153 Christian, 57,133, 152 Church on, 5-6, 59 collective, 13, 146 concept of, 2-3, 13,16, 40, 50, 53, 75,77-83,100,112,115,133 crisis of, 78-79 cultural, 3-5, 49, 50, 54, 76-77, 79 definition of, 13, 14, 70 endangered, 117, 119 ethnic, 16, 119, 123 European, 15,155
idea of, 61,154 institutional, 4,17, 31,46, 53, 71, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 103,129 language and, 84 Latin-Orthodox, 91
170 INDEX Identity (cont.) national, 1-6, 9-11,14-18, 20, 23-27, 39-44,48^19, 56, 59, 61, 64-66, 71, 75, 77-82, 85, 91,92,103,108,111-119, 122,126-134,137,140-151, 153-158,161-166 nationalism and, 12,115 of the Orthodox Church, 94, 97-99,101-102, 109,145 and Orthodoxy, 2, 9,41, 46, 51, 54, 68, 75,161 political, 156 religious, 123-124 Romanian, 13-15, 61, 64, 67-68, 81,115,126,133, 141-143,156 spiritual, 42, 58,155 Iliescu, Ion, 62, 99 Institution, 1, 2, 8,17, 28-30,101, 123,125,128 creed and, 62, 65, 70 democratic, 107 and identity, 42, 91,110,128 Orthodox Church, 1-3, 5, 8,12, 30, 32, 39-40, 42, 45^6, 50, 63, 71, 82, 85-87, 89, 92-100, 102,110,112,113,116, 120-122,131-133,139,141, 143-151,156-157,161-164 and the Romanian Academy, 76,128 and trust, 58, 88 Ioaniţoiu, Cicerone, 96 Iohannis, Klaus, 128 Ionescu, Nae, 18,24,43,46,47, 71, 81, 111, 126,134,142,146,157,164 Iron Guard, 43 J Jacob, Paula, 64 John Paul II, Pope, 84, 131 Jus sanguinis, 16 Jus solis, 16 К Karlowitz, Orthodox Metropolitan Church of, 28 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 15 Koenig, Matthias, 15 Kopeček, Michal, 3, 6,161 Koselleck, Reinhart, 5,121,150 and conceptual history, 6-9, 138-140,142,149,150 L Lăzărescu, Dan A., 60 Le Goff, Jacques, 115 Legacy, 18, 39 Christian Orthodox, 165 cultural, 1,140,142,157 Dacian and Roman, 123 Latin, 2,5,11,15,19,24,26,42,44, 48, 53,65-67,84,85,103,108, 113,141-143,156-158,165 of rationalism, 164 Roman, 52, 93 Leuştean, Lucian N., 11, 67 Liberal Party, 22, 60 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 128 Lorenz, Chris, 14 Lovinescu, Eugen, 18, 23 M Maner, Hans-Christian, 18 Martin, Mircea, 118 McGuckin, John
Anthony, 32, 98 Memory, 119 collective, 119 communicative, 119 cultural, 120 Micu, Inochentie, 26
INDEX 111, 113,114,123,128,132, 143,144,149,153 and Catholicism, 71,142 concept of, 9,44 and the European Union, 64,116 and identity, 1, 9, 13-15, 23-24, 40-41, 51, 53-54, 59, 63, 65, 67-69, 77, 82, 87,124-126, 132,137,140-143,145,150, 156,161-164 and Latin legacy, 11, 48, 49, 53, 57, 60, 64-68, 71, 79, 81, 84-85, 91,93,103,113,120,131, 141-143,145,156-158,165 and modernity, 13 Mihăilescu, Vintila, 88,132,154 Modernity, 8,13,14,18, 70, 95,107, 112,145,157 accelerated, 3, 86,107,140, 164 and the Church, 133 late, 146 and secularization, 148 Mojzes, Paul, 15 Moldavia, 143 Metropolitanate of, 68, 69, 86, 87 Principality of, 27-29,114,128 Moldova, Republic of, 113 Moraru, Alexandru, 28, 29 Müller, Jan-Werner, 5, 7, 8 N Năstase, Adrian, 99 Nation, 16-17,20-22,24-25,41-42, 49-53,56,62-67,80,85,87,92,96, 113,123,126,128-130,133,134, 142,145-148,150,164 Nationalism, 9, 12,16-17, 51, 108, 113,115,127 and communism, 110 and Europe, 117 and identity, 12, 69,115 and the Iron Guard, 44 and Marxism, 49 and the Orthodox Church, 103,116 and Orthodoxy, 10,11,114 National Peasant Party, 22, 96 NATO, 116 Neamţu, Mihai, 12,121,122 Neuman, Victor, 11,18 Nicaea, Council of, 27 О O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 86 Orthodoxy, Christian, 2, 5,17, 22, 60, 69, 70, 75,76, 82, 88,95,107, 171 P Păcurariu, Mircea, 26-28, 30, 45, 63, 71 Paleologu, Alexandru, 112,115,123 Paler, Octavian, 111, 115-119,123 Patapievici, Horia-Roman, 110,112, 115,119-120,134 Patriarchate, 30, 51-53, 55, 86, 93, 95,133 of Constantinople, 95 and mass media, 27, 39,43, 63, 70, 71,76, 88,109,119,120 Romanian, 26, 56, 58, 62, 97, 101,144
Patriarch Daniel, 1,4, 32, 40, 41, 66, 68-71,75,77, 84, 87, 88,101, 143,147,149,151-152 and canonization, 84, 148 and identity, 2,17, 76, 78-83 and institutions, 88-90, 92 and secularization, 148, 153-155, 164 Paul, Saint, 49, 69 Pàun, Gheorghe, 128 Păunescu, Adrian, 118 Petcu, Adrian Nicolae, 11
172 INDEX Philip, Apostle, 77, 78 Plămădeală, Antonie, 42, 43, 47 Pleşu, Andrei, 60, 110 Polychronism, 139, 141-142,156-158 Pop, Ioan-Aurel, 16,17,125-127 Popa, Ion, 10, 11 Popescu, Dumitru, 53 Postmodernism, 95,143,150 Preda, Radu, 12, 13, 133-134 Pricop, Mircea Cristian, 12 R Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, 21-22, 24, 25, 68 Ralea, Mihai, 23-24 Romania, 75, 77, 84, 88, 89, 93, 96, 99,101,103,107,112, 114-116,122,125,127,132, 156,161, 163-166 and Bessarabia, 147,148 and identity, 78 and Latin legacy, 123 and modernity, 145 and St. Andrew, 125 Rome, 15, 27, 49 Romocea, Cristian, 10 Rothfels, Hans, 5 Russell, Bertrand, 17 Russia, 28, 29, 95 Russian Orthodox Church, 66,131 S Şaguna, Andrei, 27, 52 Săsăujan, Mihai, 29 Scurtu, loan, 127 Securitatea, 41, 47, 71, 97 Serbian Orthodox Church, 71 Simion, Eugen, 82, 111 Skinner, Quentin, 5-6, 8-9, 138-140,151 Smith, Steven B., 14 Social Democrat Party, 128 Stan, Lavinia, 9, 61, 64, 71, 89,103 Stan, Valentin, 113 Stăniloae, Dumitru, 1, 40,42,43, 52 and collective memory, 47 and education, 84-85 and identity, 41, 66, 68, 80, 142,157 and intellectuals, 110 and Latin legacy, 48-49 and national character, 21-22 and nationalism, 11 Synod, 29, 62 and the cathedral, 54, 55 of the Constantinople Patriarchate, 27 and the Constitution, 42, 46 of Florence-Ferrara, 28 and Parliament, 42 and Patriarch Teoctist, 41 of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29-31 of the Russian Orthodox Church, 29 T Teoctist, Patriarch, 41, 55, 56, 63, 76, 90, 92,131 and the cathedral, 55 and the Communist Party, 98 and the Constitution, 46 and European integration, 64, 65 and
institutional identity, 96-97 and modernity, 82 and national identity, 53-54,66, 69 and Securitatea, 41 Theodorescu, Rizvan, 134, 165 Timişoara, 41, 98, 111 Transylvania, 22, 27, 28, 42, 52, 53, 55,84, 98,114,147 and ethnicity, 14 and the Greek Catholic Church, 44
INDEX and identity, 144 and Latin legacy, 19 and the Orthodox Church, 28 Trencsényi, Balázs, 18 Trinitas, 70 Tritder, Sabine, 15 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 118 Turcescu, Lucian, 9, 61, 64, 71,89, 103 U Ungrovlahia, 27 V Vatican, 40, 44,45 Verdery, Katharine, 26 Vighi, Daniel, 111, 117 Villey, Michel, 79 173 Voicu, Victor, 128 Vulcănescu, Mircea, 18, 25, 81 W Wallachia, Principality of, 27-29, 60, 128,143 Ware, Kallistos, 14,15 Wciślik, Piotr, 3, 6,161 Weber, Max, 20 Weber, Renate, 113 Wundt, Wilhelm, 21, 68 Y Yugoslavia, 95 Z Zub, Alexandru, 4,115,118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
Contents 1 Introductory Matters 1 2 A Resurgent Church 39 3 A Rampant Church 75 4 Secular Counterpoint 105 5 Undercurrents of Identity Discourse 137 6 In Search of a Conclusion 161 Index 167 vii
Index A Academy, Romanian, 80-82, 85 and the ”Appeal,” 128 and Constantin BălăceanuStolnici, 95 and Eugen Simion, 82, 111 and Ioan-Aurel Pop, 125 and Lucian Blaga, 24, 25 and Patriarch Daniel, 1, 76, 84, 147, 151,155 and Răzvan Theodorescu, 134 and Virgil Cândea, 63 Amzăr, Dumitru Cristian, 24-25 Andreescu, Gabriel, 59, 111, 113-118,123-124,134 Andrew, Saint, 26, 27, 77, 78,125 Antim, 28 Antohi, Sorin, 118,122,132 Asociaţia Studenţilor Creştini Ortodocşi Români (ASCOR), 68 Assmann, Jan, 119,120 Austin, J.L., 8,138 Autocephaly, 133,155 and the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29, 95 В Baconschi, Teodor, 12,40, 87-88 Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Constantin, 95 Baptist Church, 45 Barbu, Daniel, 10, !32֊133,165 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1,29, ЗО, 65,93 Basarab, 29 Basilica, Media Group, 70, 76, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, 13, 51 Beøriffsgeschichte, 5-8, 139 Bessarabia, 10, 29, 84,116,147,148 Blaga, Lucian, 18,24-25 Blustein, Jeffrey, 120 Bourdieu, Pierre, 13 Bria, Ion, 50-52 Brubaker, Rogers, 13,14, 51, 85 Brunetière, Ferdinand, 19 © The Author(s) 2020 A. Velku, The Orthodox Church and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03048427-9 167
168 INDEX Bucharest, 29, 68, 79, 153 and demolition, 55 and demonstrations, 129 Patriarchate headquarters, 55 University, 43, 54, 84 Bukovina, 28, 68, 69, 87, 94 Bulgaria, 29, 64, 66 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 71 C Calinesm, George, 25 Cândea, Virgil, 63 Canonization, 84,126,137,146-149 and Church annual reports, 148 as institutional competence, 149 and speech acts, 146-148,163 Caraiani, Ovidiu, 114,156 Cathedral, National, 10, 54-57, 61, 83, 137,149,162 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 66 and Patriarch Teoctist’s telegram, 2, 41 Christianity, 22, 52, 60, 77, 79,109, 110,156 and the curriculum, 58 and identity, 79,133,140-141 Orthodox, 2, 59, 60,108 pre-Constantinian, 12 and Romania, 5, 26, 27, 57, 77 Church, 12,17, 28, 30, 31, 42,43, 48, 66, 67, 75, 82, 99,109,113, 120,122-125,130,137,138, 140,141,144,145, 148,153-156 Greek Catholic, 9, 71,133,143, 144; conflict with the Orthodox Church, 26; persecution of, 44, 143; property, 44, 61 Romanian Orthodox, 1, 3, 5, 22, 26-27,40,43-45, 50, 56, 63, 64,69, 71,108,116,118, 139,143,146,150-151, 156, 161, 163; arguments of, 4, 9, 51, 56, 57, 68; autocephalous, 29,51-53, 93, 96,102,133; and charitable work, 100-101, 126; and democratization, 13; and education, 58-59, 61, 63, 158, 162; and the European Union, 11, 54, 63-66, 83; and the Holocaust, 10; and identity, 3, 5-6,11,21,32, 39-41,50, 53, 57, 59, 75, 77, 82, 84-85, 92, 96,102,112,126-127, 137,141,142,145,147, 149, 155-158,164-165; institution, 8,17, 29, 30, 32, 42, 47, 63, 65, 70, 75, 86-91, 94, 97-98, 103,108,113,116,120-121, 131, 143, !47,150,161,162; and intellectuals, 60, 110, 112; and
the mass media, 41, 68, 70, 162; Metropolitan, 27-29, 86; national, 31,45^6, 51, 63, 87,91, 111, 116,145-146, 161; and National Cathedral, 10, 53-55, 61,162; and nationalism, 9-11, 51,103; Patriarchate, 30, 52, 86, 93, 102; and property, 44, 61, 96-97,143-144; and the Romanian people, 20-21, 50-53, 80, 91,92,151; and the security services, 11, 47, 96-97; and the State, 9-11, 14, 15,30, 62, 88,131,144 Ciobotea, Daniel, 40,41,47, 88,155 Metropolitan, 154 See also Patriarch Daniel Cluj, 14 University, 125, 127 Communist Party, Romanian, 2, 55, 98
INDEX Conovici, Juliana, 12, 32, 80, 83, 88-89 Constantinescu, Emil, 62 Constantiniu, Florin, 120, 143 Constantinople, 19 fall of, 28 Patriarchate, 1, 27, ЗО, 93, 95 Cornea, Andrei, 59 Coroaim-Stanca, Soroana, 120 Crainic, Nichifor, 18, 24, 111, 126,164 Cristea, Miron, 52-55,102 Cuza, Alexandra loan, 29-30, 145 Czarniawska, Barbara, 17, 91, 92, 97 D Dacia, 27,108,114 Daniel, see Patriarch Daniel Democracy, 45, 58, 89,117,124 Democratization, 8,13, 41, 109, 111, 140 Doinaş, Şt. Aug, 109,162 Drăghicescu, Dumitru, 19-21, 25, 53, 110,130,165 Dumitrescu, Sorin, 48, 49, 110 Durkheim, Emile, 20 E Eliade, Mircea, 18, 43 Eliade, Pompiliu, 18-21 Enache, George, 11 European integration, 11, 61-67, 79, 87, 99,103,114-116,118 and the Church, 54 and identity, 99,156 and Latin legacy, 15, 67, 84 See also European Union European Union, 63-67, 75, 99,114, 116,124 and the Church, 11,154 See also European integration 169 F Florence-Ferrara, Synod of, 28 Foucault, Michel, 9 G Gabor, Adrian, 11 Galériu, Constantin, 52, 53, 93 Geertz, Clifford, 16 Giesen, Bernhard, 13, 51 Gillet, Olivier, 12-13 Globalization, 81,143,150, 153-156,164 Gordon, Vasile, 68 Greek Orthodox Church, 66,131 H Haddock, Brace, 114, 156 Hall, Stuart, 13, 51 Heinen, Armin, 11,18 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 7 Identity, 2, 11, 51-53, 57, 59, 60, 70, 97,103,108,117,124,153 Christian, 57,133, 152 Church on, 5-6, 59 collective, 13, 146 concept of, 2-3, 13,16, 40, 50, 53, 75,77-83,100,112,115,133 crisis of, 78-79 cultural, 3-5, 49, 50, 54, 76-77, 79 definition of, 13, 14, 70 endangered, 117, 119 ethnic, 16, 119, 123 European, 15,155
idea of, 61,154 institutional, 4,17, 31,46, 53, 71, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 103,129 language and, 84 Latin-Orthodox, 91
170 INDEX Identity (cont.) national, 1-6, 9-11,14-18, 20, 23-27, 39-44,48^19, 56, 59, 61, 64-66, 71, 75, 77-82, 85, 91,92,103,108,111-119, 122,126-134,137,140-151, 153-158,161-166 nationalism and, 12,115 of the Orthodox Church, 94, 97-99,101-102, 109,145 and Orthodoxy, 2, 9,41, 46, 51, 54, 68, 75,161 political, 156 religious, 123-124 Romanian, 13-15, 61, 64, 67-68, 81,115,126,133, 141-143,156 spiritual, 42, 58,155 Iliescu, Ion, 62, 99 Institution, 1, 2, 8,17, 28-30,101, 123,125,128 creed and, 62, 65, 70 democratic, 107 and identity, 42, 91,110,128 Orthodox Church, 1-3, 5, 8,12, 30, 32, 39-40, 42, 45^6, 50, 63, 71, 82, 85-87, 89, 92-100, 102,110,112,113,116, 120-122,131-133,139,141, 143-151,156-157,161-164 and the Romanian Academy, 76,128 and trust, 58, 88 Ioaniţoiu, Cicerone, 96 Iohannis, Klaus, 128 Ionescu, Nae, 18,24,43,46,47, 71, 81, 111, 126,134,142,146,157,164 Iron Guard, 43 J Jacob, Paula, 64 John Paul II, Pope, 84, 131 Jus sanguinis, 16 Jus solis, 16 К Karlowitz, Orthodox Metropolitan Church of, 28 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 15 Koenig, Matthias, 15 Kopeček, Michal, 3, 6,161 Koselleck, Reinhart, 5,121,150 and conceptual history, 6-9, 138-140,142,149,150 L Lăzărescu, Dan A., 60 Le Goff, Jacques, 115 Legacy, 18, 39 Christian Orthodox, 165 cultural, 1,140,142,157 Dacian and Roman, 123 Latin, 2,5,11,15,19,24,26,42,44, 48, 53,65-67,84,85,103,108, 113,141-143,156-158,165 of rationalism, 164 Roman, 52, 93 Leuştean, Lucian N., 11, 67 Liberal Party, 22, 60 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 128 Lorenz, Chris, 14 Lovinescu, Eugen, 18, 23 M Maner, Hans-Christian, 18 Martin, Mircea, 118 McGuckin, John
Anthony, 32, 98 Memory, 119 collective, 119 communicative, 119 cultural, 120 Micu, Inochentie, 26
INDEX 111, 113,114,123,128,132, 143,144,149,153 and Catholicism, 71,142 concept of, 9,44 and the European Union, 64,116 and identity, 1, 9, 13-15, 23-24, 40-41, 51, 53-54, 59, 63, 65, 67-69, 77, 82, 87,124-126, 132,137,140-143,145,150, 156,161-164 and Latin legacy, 11, 48, 49, 53, 57, 60, 64-68, 71, 79, 81, 84-85, 91,93,103,113,120,131, 141-143,145,156-158,165 and modernity, 13 Mihăilescu, Vintila, 88,132,154 Modernity, 8,13,14,18, 70, 95,107, 112,145,157 accelerated, 3, 86,107,140, 164 and the Church, 133 late, 146 and secularization, 148 Mojzes, Paul, 15 Moldavia, 143 Metropolitanate of, 68, 69, 86, 87 Principality of, 27-29,114,128 Moldova, Republic of, 113 Moraru, Alexandru, 28, 29 Müller, Jan-Werner, 5, 7, 8 N Năstase, Adrian, 99 Nation, 16-17,20-22,24-25,41-42, 49-53,56,62-67,80,85,87,92,96, 113,123,126,128-130,133,134, 142,145-148,150,164 Nationalism, 9, 12,16-17, 51, 108, 113,115,127 and communism, 110 and Europe, 117 and identity, 12, 69,115 and the Iron Guard, 44 and Marxism, 49 and the Orthodox Church, 103,116 and Orthodoxy, 10,11,114 National Peasant Party, 22, 96 NATO, 116 Neamţu, Mihai, 12,121,122 Neuman, Victor, 11,18 Nicaea, Council of, 27 О O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 86 Orthodoxy, Christian, 2, 5,17, 22, 60, 69, 70, 75,76, 82, 88,95,107, 171 P Păcurariu, Mircea, 26-28, 30, 45, 63, 71 Paleologu, Alexandru, 112,115,123 Paler, Octavian, 111, 115-119,123 Patapievici, Horia-Roman, 110,112, 115,119-120,134 Patriarchate, 30, 51-53, 55, 86, 93, 95,133 of Constantinople, 95 and mass media, 27, 39,43, 63, 70, 71,76, 88,109,119,120 Romanian, 26, 56, 58, 62, 97, 101,144
Patriarch Daniel, 1,4, 32, 40, 41, 66, 68-71,75,77, 84, 87, 88,101, 143,147,149,151-152 and canonization, 84, 148 and identity, 2,17, 76, 78-83 and institutions, 88-90, 92 and secularization, 148, 153-155, 164 Paul, Saint, 49, 69 Pàun, Gheorghe, 128 Păunescu, Adrian, 118 Petcu, Adrian Nicolae, 11
172 INDEX Philip, Apostle, 77, 78 Plămădeală, Antonie, 42, 43, 47 Pleşu, Andrei, 60, 110 Polychronism, 139, 141-142,156-158 Pop, Ioan-Aurel, 16,17,125-127 Popa, Ion, 10, 11 Popescu, Dumitru, 53 Postmodernism, 95,143,150 Preda, Radu, 12, 13, 133-134 Pricop, Mircea Cristian, 12 R Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, 21-22, 24, 25, 68 Ralea, Mihai, 23-24 Romania, 75, 77, 84, 88, 89, 93, 96, 99,101,103,107,112, 114-116,122,125,127,132, 156,161, 163-166 and Bessarabia, 147,148 and identity, 78 and Latin legacy, 123 and modernity, 145 and St. Andrew, 125 Rome, 15, 27, 49 Romocea, Cristian, 10 Rothfels, Hans, 5 Russell, Bertrand, 17 Russia, 28, 29, 95 Russian Orthodox Church, 66,131 S Şaguna, Andrei, 27, 52 Săsăujan, Mihai, 29 Scurtu, loan, 127 Securitatea, 41, 47, 71, 97 Serbian Orthodox Church, 71 Simion, Eugen, 82, 111 Skinner, Quentin, 5-6, 8-9, 138-140,151 Smith, Steven B., 14 Social Democrat Party, 128 Stan, Lavinia, 9, 61, 64, 71, 89,103 Stan, Valentin, 113 Stăniloae, Dumitru, 1, 40,42,43, 52 and collective memory, 47 and education, 84-85 and identity, 41, 66, 68, 80, 142,157 and intellectuals, 110 and Latin legacy, 48-49 and national character, 21-22 and nationalism, 11 Synod, 29, 62 and the cathedral, 54, 55 of the Constantinople Patriarchate, 27 and the Constitution, 42, 46 of Florence-Ferrara, 28 and Parliament, 42 and Patriarch Teoctist, 41 of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29-31 of the Russian Orthodox Church, 29 T Teoctist, Patriarch, 41, 55, 56, 63, 76, 90, 92,131 and the cathedral, 55 and the Communist Party, 98 and the Constitution, 46 and European integration, 64, 65 and
institutional identity, 96-97 and modernity, 82 and national identity, 53-54,66, 69 and Securitatea, 41 Theodorescu, Rizvan, 134, 165 Timişoara, 41, 98, 111 Transylvania, 22, 27, 28, 42, 52, 53, 55,84, 98,114,147 and ethnicity, 14 and the Greek Catholic Church, 44
INDEX and identity, 144 and Latin legacy, 19 and the Orthodox Church, 28 Trencsényi, Balázs, 18 Trinitas, 70 Tritder, Sabine, 15 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 118 Turcescu, Lucian, 9, 61, 64, 71,89, 103 U Ungrovlahia, 27 V Vatican, 40, 44,45 Verdery, Katharine, 26 Vighi, Daniel, 111, 117 Villey, Michel, 79 173 Voicu, Victor, 128 Vulcănescu, Mircea, 18, 25, 81 W Wallachia, Principality of, 27-29, 60, 128,143 Ware, Kallistos, 14,15 Wciślik, Piotr, 3, 6,161 Weber, Max, 20 Weber, Renate, 113 Wundt, Wilhelm, 21, 68 Y Yugoslavia, 95 Z Zub, Alexandru, 4,115,118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
Contents 1 Introductory Matters 1 2 A Resurgent Church 39 3 A Rampant Church 75 4 Secular Counterpoint 105 5 Undercurrents of Identity Discourse 137 6 In Search of a Conclusion 161 Index 167 vii
Index A Academy, Romanian, 80-82, 85 and the ”Appeal,” 128 and Constantin BălăceanuStolnici, 95 and Eugen Simion, 82, 111 and Ioan-Aurel Pop, 125 and Lucian Blaga, 24, 25 and Patriarch Daniel, 1, 76, 84, 147, 151,155 and Răzvan Theodorescu, 134 and Virgil Cândea, 63 Amzăr, Dumitru Cristian, 24-25 Andreescu, Gabriel, 59, 111, 113-118,123-124,134 Andrew, Saint, 26, 27, 77, 78,125 Antim, 28 Antohi, Sorin, 118,122,132 Asociaţia Studenţilor Creştini Ortodocşi Români (ASCOR), 68 Assmann, Jan, 119,120 Austin, J.L., 8,138 Autocephaly, 133,155 and the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29, 95 В Baconschi, Teodor, 12,40, 87-88 Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Constantin, 95 Baptist Church, 45 Barbu, Daniel, 10, !32֊133,165 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1,29, ЗО, 65,93 Basarab, 29 Basilica, Media Group, 70, 76, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, 13, 51 Beøriffsgeschichte, 5-8, 139 Bessarabia, 10, 29, 84,116,147,148 Blaga, Lucian, 18,24-25 Blustein, Jeffrey, 120 Bourdieu, Pierre, 13 Bria, Ion, 50-52 Brubaker, Rogers, 13,14, 51, 85 Brunetière, Ferdinand, 19 © The Author(s) 2020 A. Velku, The Orthodox Church and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03048427-9 167
168 INDEX Bucharest, 29, 68, 79, 153 and demolition, 55 and demonstrations, 129 Patriarchate headquarters, 55 University, 43, 54, 84 Bukovina, 28, 68, 69, 87, 94 Bulgaria, 29, 64, 66 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 71 C Calinesm, George, 25 Cândea, Virgil, 63 Canonization, 84,126,137,146-149 and Church annual reports, 148 as institutional competence, 149 and speech acts, 146-148,163 Caraiani, Ovidiu, 114,156 Cathedral, National, 10, 54-57, 61, 83, 137,149,162 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 66 and Patriarch Teoctist’s telegram, 2, 41 Christianity, 22, 52, 60, 77, 79,109, 110,156 and the curriculum, 58 and identity, 79,133,140-141 Orthodox, 2, 59, 60,108 pre-Constantinian, 12 and Romania, 5, 26, 27, 57, 77 Church, 12,17, 28, 30, 31, 42,43, 48, 66, 67, 75, 82, 99,109,113, 120,122-125,130,137,138, 140,141,144,145, 148,153-156 Greek Catholic, 9, 71,133,143, 144; conflict with the Orthodox Church, 26; persecution of, 44, 143; property, 44, 61 Romanian Orthodox, 1, 3, 5, 22, 26-27,40,43-45, 50, 56, 63, 64,69, 71,108,116,118, 139,143,146,150-151, 156, 161, 163; arguments of, 4, 9, 51, 56, 57, 68; autocephalous, 29,51-53, 93, 96,102,133; and charitable work, 100-101, 126; and democratization, 13; and education, 58-59, 61, 63, 158, 162; and the European Union, 11, 54, 63-66, 83; and the Holocaust, 10; and identity, 3, 5-6,11,21,32, 39-41,50, 53, 57, 59, 75, 77, 82, 84-85, 92, 96,102,112,126-127, 137,141,142,145,147, 149, 155-158,164-165; institution, 8,17, 29, 30, 32, 42, 47, 63, 65, 70, 75, 86-91, 94, 97-98, 103,108,113,116,120-121, 131, 143, !47,150,161,162; and intellectuals, 60, 110, 112; and
the mass media, 41, 68, 70, 162; Metropolitan, 27-29, 86; national, 31,45^6, 51, 63, 87,91, 111, 116,145-146, 161; and National Cathedral, 10, 53-55, 61,162; and nationalism, 9-11, 51,103; Patriarchate, 30, 52, 86, 93, 102; and property, 44, 61, 96-97,143-144; and the Romanian people, 20-21, 50-53, 80, 91,92,151; and the security services, 11, 47, 96-97; and the State, 9-11, 14, 15,30, 62, 88,131,144 Ciobotea, Daniel, 40,41,47, 88,155 Metropolitan, 154 See also Patriarch Daniel Cluj, 14 University, 125, 127 Communist Party, Romanian, 2, 55, 98
INDEX Conovici, Juliana, 12, 32, 80, 83, 88-89 Constantinescu, Emil, 62 Constantiniu, Florin, 120, 143 Constantinople, 19 fall of, 28 Patriarchate, 1, 27, ЗО, 93, 95 Cornea, Andrei, 59 Coroaim-Stanca, Soroana, 120 Crainic, Nichifor, 18, 24, 111, 126,164 Cristea, Miron, 52-55,102 Cuza, Alexandra loan, 29-30, 145 Czarniawska, Barbara, 17, 91, 92, 97 D Dacia, 27,108,114 Daniel, see Patriarch Daniel Democracy, 45, 58, 89,117,124 Democratization, 8,13, 41, 109, 111, 140 Doinaş, Şt. Aug, 109,162 Drăghicescu, Dumitru, 19-21, 25, 53, 110,130,165 Dumitrescu, Sorin, 48, 49, 110 Durkheim, Emile, 20 E Eliade, Mircea, 18, 43 Eliade, Pompiliu, 18-21 Enache, George, 11 European integration, 11, 61-67, 79, 87, 99,103,114-116,118 and the Church, 54 and identity, 99,156 and Latin legacy, 15, 67, 84 See also European Union European Union, 63-67, 75, 99,114, 116,124 and the Church, 11,154 See also European integration 169 F Florence-Ferrara, Synod of, 28 Foucault, Michel, 9 G Gabor, Adrian, 11 Galériu, Constantin, 52, 53, 93 Geertz, Clifford, 16 Giesen, Bernhard, 13, 51 Gillet, Olivier, 12-13 Globalization, 81,143,150, 153-156,164 Gordon, Vasile, 68 Greek Orthodox Church, 66,131 H Haddock, Brace, 114, 156 Hall, Stuart, 13, 51 Heinen, Armin, 11,18 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 7 Identity, 2, 11, 51-53, 57, 59, 60, 70, 97,103,108,117,124,153 Christian, 57,133, 152 Church on, 5-6, 59 collective, 13, 146 concept of, 2-3, 13,16, 40, 50, 53, 75,77-83,100,112,115,133 crisis of, 78-79 cultural, 3-5, 49, 50, 54, 76-77, 79 definition of, 13, 14, 70 endangered, 117, 119 ethnic, 16, 119, 123 European, 15,155
idea of, 61,154 institutional, 4,17, 31,46, 53, 71, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 103,129 language and, 84 Latin-Orthodox, 91
170 INDEX Identity (cont.) national, 1-6, 9-11,14-18, 20, 23-27, 39-44,48^19, 56, 59, 61, 64-66, 71, 75, 77-82, 85, 91,92,103,108,111-119, 122,126-134,137,140-151, 153-158,161-166 nationalism and, 12,115 of the Orthodox Church, 94, 97-99,101-102, 109,145 and Orthodoxy, 2, 9,41, 46, 51, 54, 68, 75,161 political, 156 religious, 123-124 Romanian, 13-15, 61, 64, 67-68, 81,115,126,133, 141-143,156 spiritual, 42, 58,155 Iliescu, Ion, 62, 99 Institution, 1, 2, 8,17, 28-30,101, 123,125,128 creed and, 62, 65, 70 democratic, 107 and identity, 42, 91,110,128 Orthodox Church, 1-3, 5, 8,12, 30, 32, 39-40, 42, 45^6, 50, 63, 71, 82, 85-87, 89, 92-100, 102,110,112,113,116, 120-122,131-133,139,141, 143-151,156-157,161-164 and the Romanian Academy, 76,128 and trust, 58, 88 Ioaniţoiu, Cicerone, 96 Iohannis, Klaus, 128 Ionescu, Nae, 18,24,43,46,47, 71, 81, 111, 126,134,142,146,157,164 Iron Guard, 43 J Jacob, Paula, 64 John Paul II, Pope, 84, 131 Jus sanguinis, 16 Jus solis, 16 К Karlowitz, Orthodox Metropolitan Church of, 28 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 15 Koenig, Matthias, 15 Kopeček, Michal, 3, 6,161 Koselleck, Reinhart, 5,121,150 and conceptual history, 6-9, 138-140,142,149,150 L Lăzărescu, Dan A., 60 Le Goff, Jacques, 115 Legacy, 18, 39 Christian Orthodox, 165 cultural, 1,140,142,157 Dacian and Roman, 123 Latin, 2,5,11,15,19,24,26,42,44, 48, 53,65-67,84,85,103,108, 113,141-143,156-158,165 of rationalism, 164 Roman, 52, 93 Leuştean, Lucian N., 11, 67 Liberal Party, 22, 60 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 128 Lorenz, Chris, 14 Lovinescu, Eugen, 18, 23 M Maner, Hans-Christian, 18 Martin, Mircea, 118 McGuckin, John
Anthony, 32, 98 Memory, 119 collective, 119 communicative, 119 cultural, 120 Micu, Inochentie, 26
INDEX 111, 113,114,123,128,132, 143,144,149,153 and Catholicism, 71,142 concept of, 9,44 and the European Union, 64,116 and identity, 1, 9, 13-15, 23-24, 40-41, 51, 53-54, 59, 63, 65, 67-69, 77, 82, 87,124-126, 132,137,140-143,145,150, 156,161-164 and Latin legacy, 11, 48, 49, 53, 57, 60, 64-68, 71, 79, 81, 84-85, 91,93,103,113,120,131, 141-143,145,156-158,165 and modernity, 13 Mihăilescu, Vintila, 88,132,154 Modernity, 8,13,14,18, 70, 95,107, 112,145,157 accelerated, 3, 86,107,140, 164 and the Church, 133 late, 146 and secularization, 148 Mojzes, Paul, 15 Moldavia, 143 Metropolitanate of, 68, 69, 86, 87 Principality of, 27-29,114,128 Moldova, Republic of, 113 Moraru, Alexandru, 28, 29 Müller, Jan-Werner, 5, 7, 8 N Năstase, Adrian, 99 Nation, 16-17,20-22,24-25,41-42, 49-53,56,62-67,80,85,87,92,96, 113,123,126,128-130,133,134, 142,145-148,150,164 Nationalism, 9, 12,16-17, 51, 108, 113,115,127 and communism, 110 and Europe, 117 and identity, 12, 69,115 and the Iron Guard, 44 and Marxism, 49 and the Orthodox Church, 103,116 and Orthodoxy, 10,11,114 National Peasant Party, 22, 96 NATO, 116 Neamţu, Mihai, 12,121,122 Neuman, Victor, 11,18 Nicaea, Council of, 27 О O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 86 Orthodoxy, Christian, 2, 5,17, 22, 60, 69, 70, 75,76, 82, 88,95,107, 171 P Păcurariu, Mircea, 26-28, 30, 45, 63, 71 Paleologu, Alexandru, 112,115,123 Paler, Octavian, 111, 115-119,123 Patapievici, Horia-Roman, 110,112, 115,119-120,134 Patriarchate, 30, 51-53, 55, 86, 93, 95,133 of Constantinople, 95 and mass media, 27, 39,43, 63, 70, 71,76, 88,109,119,120 Romanian, 26, 56, 58, 62, 97, 101,144
Patriarch Daniel, 1,4, 32, 40, 41, 66, 68-71,75,77, 84, 87, 88,101, 143,147,149,151-152 and canonization, 84, 148 and identity, 2,17, 76, 78-83 and institutions, 88-90, 92 and secularization, 148, 153-155, 164 Paul, Saint, 49, 69 Pàun, Gheorghe, 128 Păunescu, Adrian, 118 Petcu, Adrian Nicolae, 11
172 INDEX Philip, Apostle, 77, 78 Plămădeală, Antonie, 42, 43, 47 Pleşu, Andrei, 60, 110 Polychronism, 139, 141-142,156-158 Pop, Ioan-Aurel, 16,17,125-127 Popa, Ion, 10, 11 Popescu, Dumitru, 53 Postmodernism, 95,143,150 Preda, Radu, 12, 13, 133-134 Pricop, Mircea Cristian, 12 R Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, 21-22, 24, 25, 68 Ralea, Mihai, 23-24 Romania, 75, 77, 84, 88, 89, 93, 96, 99,101,103,107,112, 114-116,122,125,127,132, 156,161, 163-166 and Bessarabia, 147,148 and identity, 78 and Latin legacy, 123 and modernity, 145 and St. Andrew, 125 Rome, 15, 27, 49 Romocea, Cristian, 10 Rothfels, Hans, 5 Russell, Bertrand, 17 Russia, 28, 29, 95 Russian Orthodox Church, 66,131 S Şaguna, Andrei, 27, 52 Săsăujan, Mihai, 29 Scurtu, loan, 127 Securitatea, 41, 47, 71, 97 Serbian Orthodox Church, 71 Simion, Eugen, 82, 111 Skinner, Quentin, 5-6, 8-9, 138-140,151 Smith, Steven B., 14 Social Democrat Party, 128 Stan, Lavinia, 9, 61, 64, 71, 89,103 Stan, Valentin, 113 Stăniloae, Dumitru, 1, 40,42,43, 52 and collective memory, 47 and education, 84-85 and identity, 41, 66, 68, 80, 142,157 and intellectuals, 110 and Latin legacy, 48-49 and national character, 21-22 and nationalism, 11 Synod, 29, 62 and the cathedral, 54, 55 of the Constantinople Patriarchate, 27 and the Constitution, 42, 46 of Florence-Ferrara, 28 and Parliament, 42 and Patriarch Teoctist, 41 of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29-31 of the Russian Orthodox Church, 29 T Teoctist, Patriarch, 41, 55, 56, 63, 76, 90, 92,131 and the cathedral, 55 and the Communist Party, 98 and the Constitution, 46 and European integration, 64, 65 and
institutional identity, 96-97 and modernity, 82 and national identity, 53-54,66, 69 and Securitatea, 41 Theodorescu, Rizvan, 134, 165 Timişoara, 41, 98, 111 Transylvania, 22, 27, 28, 42, 52, 53, 55,84, 98,114,147 and ethnicity, 14 and the Greek Catholic Church, 44
INDEX and identity, 144 and Latin legacy, 19 and the Orthodox Church, 28 Trencsényi, Balázs, 18 Trinitas, 70 Tritder, Sabine, 15 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 118 Turcescu, Lucian, 9, 61, 64, 71,89, 103 U Ungrovlahia, 27 V Vatican, 40, 44,45 Verdery, Katharine, 26 Vighi, Daniel, 111, 117 Villey, Michel, 79 173 Voicu, Victor, 128 Vulcănescu, Mircea, 18, 25, 81 W Wallachia, Principality of, 27-29, 60, 128,143 Ware, Kallistos, 14,15 Wciślik, Piotr, 3, 6,161 Weber, Max, 20 Weber, Renate, 113 Wundt, Wilhelm, 21, 68 Y Yugoslavia, 95 Z Zub, Alexandru, 4,115,118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents 1 Introductory Matters 1 2 A Resurgent Church 39 3 A Rampant Church 75 4 Secular Counterpoint 105 5 Undercurrents of Identity Discourse 137 6 In Search of a Conclusion 161 Index 167 vii
Index A Academy, Romanian, 80-82, 85 and the ”Appeal,” 128 and Constantin BălăceanuStolnici, 95 and Eugen Simion, 82, 111 and Ioan-Aurel Pop, 125 and Lucian Blaga, 24, 25 and Patriarch Daniel, 1, 76, 84, 147, 151,155 and Răzvan Theodorescu, 134 and Virgil Cândea, 63 Amzăr, Dumitru Cristian, 24-25 Andreescu, Gabriel, 59, 111, 113-118,123-124,134 Andrew, Saint, 26, 27, 77, 78,125 Antim, 28 Antohi, Sorin, 118,122,132 Asociaţia Studenţilor Creştini Ortodocşi Români (ASCOR), 68 Assmann, Jan, 119,120 Austin, J.L., 8,138 Autocephaly, 133,155 and the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29, 95 В Baconschi, Teodor, 12,40, 87-88 Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Constantin, 95 Baptist Church, 45 Barbu, Daniel, 10, !32֊133,165 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1,29, ЗО, 65,93 Basarab, 29 Basilica, Media Group, 70, 76, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, 13, 51 Beøriffsgeschichte, 5-8, 139 Bessarabia, 10, 29, 84,116,147,148 Blaga, Lucian, 18,24-25 Blustein, Jeffrey, 120 Bourdieu, Pierre, 13 Bria, Ion, 50-52 Brubaker, Rogers, 13,14, 51, 85 Brunetière, Ferdinand, 19 © The Author(s) 2020 A. Velku, The Orthodox Church and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03048427-9 167
168 INDEX Bucharest, 29, 68, 79, 153 and demolition, 55 and demonstrations, 129 Patriarchate headquarters, 55 University, 43, 54, 84 Bukovina, 28, 68, 69, 87, 94 Bulgaria, 29, 64, 66 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 71 C Calinesm, George, 25 Cândea, Virgil, 63 Canonization, 84,126,137,146-149 and Church annual reports, 148 as institutional competence, 149 and speech acts, 146-148,163 Caraiani, Ovidiu, 114,156 Cathedral, National, 10, 54-57, 61, 83, 137,149,162 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 66 and Patriarch Teoctist’s telegram, 2, 41 Christianity, 22, 52, 60, 77, 79,109, 110,156 and the curriculum, 58 and identity, 79,133,140-141 Orthodox, 2, 59, 60,108 pre-Constantinian, 12 and Romania, 5, 26, 27, 57, 77 Church, 12,17, 28, 30, 31, 42,43, 48, 66, 67, 75, 82, 99,109,113, 120,122-125,130,137,138, 140,141,144,145, 148,153-156 Greek Catholic, 9, 71,133,143, 144; conflict with the Orthodox Church, 26; persecution of, 44, 143; property, 44, 61 Romanian Orthodox, 1, 3, 5, 22, 26-27,40,43-45, 50, 56, 63, 64,69, 71,108,116,118, 139,143,146,150-151, 156, 161, 163; arguments of, 4, 9, 51, 56, 57, 68; autocephalous, 29,51-53, 93, 96,102,133; and charitable work, 100-101, 126; and democratization, 13; and education, 58-59, 61, 63, 158, 162; and the European Union, 11, 54, 63-66, 83; and the Holocaust, 10; and identity, 3, 5-6,11,21,32, 39-41,50, 53, 57, 59, 75, 77, 82, 84-85, 92, 96,102,112,126-127, 137,141,142,145,147, 149, 155-158,164-165; institution, 8,17, 29, 30, 32, 42, 47, 63, 65, 70, 75, 86-91, 94, 97-98, 103,108,113,116,120-121, 131, 143, !47,150,161,162; and intellectuals, 60, 110, 112; and
the mass media, 41, 68, 70, 162; Metropolitan, 27-29, 86; national, 31,45^6, 51, 63, 87,91, 111, 116,145-146, 161; and National Cathedral, 10, 53-55, 61,162; and nationalism, 9-11, 51,103; Patriarchate, 30, 52, 86, 93, 102; and property, 44, 61, 96-97,143-144; and the Romanian people, 20-21, 50-53, 80, 91,92,151; and the security services, 11, 47, 96-97; and the State, 9-11, 14, 15,30, 62, 88,131,144 Ciobotea, Daniel, 40,41,47, 88,155 Metropolitan, 154 See also Patriarch Daniel Cluj, 14 University, 125, 127 Communist Party, Romanian, 2, 55, 98
INDEX Conovici, Juliana, 12, 32, 80, 83, 88-89 Constantinescu, Emil, 62 Constantiniu, Florin, 120, 143 Constantinople, 19 fall of, 28 Patriarchate, 1, 27, ЗО, 93, 95 Cornea, Andrei, 59 Coroaim-Stanca, Soroana, 120 Crainic, Nichifor, 18, 24, 111, 126,164 Cristea, Miron, 52-55,102 Cuza, Alexandra loan, 29-30, 145 Czarniawska, Barbara, 17, 91, 92, 97 D Dacia, 27,108,114 Daniel, see Patriarch Daniel Democracy, 45, 58, 89,117,124 Democratization, 8,13, 41, 109, 111, 140 Doinaş, Şt. Aug, 109,162 Drăghicescu, Dumitru, 19-21, 25, 53, 110,130,165 Dumitrescu, Sorin, 48, 49, 110 Durkheim, Emile, 20 E Eliade, Mircea, 18, 43 Eliade, Pompiliu, 18-21 Enache, George, 11 European integration, 11, 61-67, 79, 87, 99,103,114-116,118 and the Church, 54 and identity, 99,156 and Latin legacy, 15, 67, 84 See also European Union European Union, 63-67, 75, 99,114, 116,124 and the Church, 11,154 See also European integration 169 F Florence-Ferrara, Synod of, 28 Foucault, Michel, 9 G Gabor, Adrian, 11 Galériu, Constantin, 52, 53, 93 Geertz, Clifford, 16 Giesen, Bernhard, 13, 51 Gillet, Olivier, 12-13 Globalization, 81,143,150, 153-156,164 Gordon, Vasile, 68 Greek Orthodox Church, 66,131 H Haddock, Brace, 114, 156 Hall, Stuart, 13, 51 Heinen, Armin, 11,18 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 7 Identity, 2, 11, 51-53, 57, 59, 60, 70, 97,103,108,117,124,153 Christian, 57,133, 152 Church on, 5-6, 59 collective, 13, 146 concept of, 2-3, 13,16, 40, 50, 53, 75,77-83,100,112,115,133 crisis of, 78-79 cultural, 3-5, 49, 50, 54, 76-77, 79 definition of, 13, 14, 70 endangered, 117, 119 ethnic, 16, 119, 123 European, 15,155
idea of, 61,154 institutional, 4,17, 31,46, 53, 71, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 103,129 language and, 84 Latin-Orthodox, 91
170 INDEX Identity (cont.) national, 1-6, 9-11,14-18, 20, 23-27, 39-44,48^19, 56, 59, 61, 64-66, 71, 75, 77-82, 85, 91,92,103,108,111-119, 122,126-134,137,140-151, 153-158,161-166 nationalism and, 12,115 of the Orthodox Church, 94, 97-99,101-102, 109,145 and Orthodoxy, 2, 9,41, 46, 51, 54, 68, 75,161 political, 156 religious, 123-124 Romanian, 13-15, 61, 64, 67-68, 81,115,126,133, 141-143,156 spiritual, 42, 58,155 Iliescu, Ion, 62, 99 Institution, 1, 2, 8,17, 28-30,101, 123,125,128 creed and, 62, 65, 70 democratic, 107 and identity, 42, 91,110,128 Orthodox Church, 1-3, 5, 8,12, 30, 32, 39-40, 42, 45^6, 50, 63, 71, 82, 85-87, 89, 92-100, 102,110,112,113,116, 120-122,131-133,139,141, 143-151,156-157,161-164 and the Romanian Academy, 76,128 and trust, 58, 88 Ioaniţoiu, Cicerone, 96 Iohannis, Klaus, 128 Ionescu, Nae, 18,24,43,46,47, 71, 81, 111, 126,134,142,146,157,164 Iron Guard, 43 J Jacob, Paula, 64 John Paul II, Pope, 84, 131 Jus sanguinis, 16 Jus solis, 16 К Karlowitz, Orthodox Metropolitan Church of, 28 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 15 Koenig, Matthias, 15 Kopeček, Michal, 3, 6,161 Koselleck, Reinhart, 5,121,150 and conceptual history, 6-9, 138-140,142,149,150 L Lăzărescu, Dan A., 60 Le Goff, Jacques, 115 Legacy, 18, 39 Christian Orthodox, 165 cultural, 1,140,142,157 Dacian and Roman, 123 Latin, 2,5,11,15,19,24,26,42,44, 48, 53,65-67,84,85,103,108, 113,141-143,156-158,165 of rationalism, 164 Roman, 52, 93 Leuştean, Lucian N., 11, 67 Liberal Party, 22, 60 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 128 Lorenz, Chris, 14 Lovinescu, Eugen, 18, 23 M Maner, Hans-Christian, 18 Martin, Mircea, 118 McGuckin, John
Anthony, 32, 98 Memory, 119 collective, 119 communicative, 119 cultural, 120 Micu, Inochentie, 26
INDEX 111, 113,114,123,128,132, 143,144,149,153 and Catholicism, 71,142 concept of, 9,44 and the European Union, 64,116 and identity, 1, 9, 13-15, 23-24, 40-41, 51, 53-54, 59, 63, 65, 67-69, 77, 82, 87,124-126, 132,137,140-143,145,150, 156,161-164 and Latin legacy, 11, 48, 49, 53, 57, 60, 64-68, 71, 79, 81, 84-85, 91,93,103,113,120,131, 141-143,145,156-158,165 and modernity, 13 Mihăilescu, Vintila, 88,132,154 Modernity, 8,13,14,18, 70, 95,107, 112,145,157 accelerated, 3, 86,107,140, 164 and the Church, 133 late, 146 and secularization, 148 Mojzes, Paul, 15 Moldavia, 143 Metropolitanate of, 68, 69, 86, 87 Principality of, 27-29,114,128 Moldova, Republic of, 113 Moraru, Alexandru, 28, 29 Müller, Jan-Werner, 5, 7, 8 N Năstase, Adrian, 99 Nation, 16-17,20-22,24-25,41-42, 49-53,56,62-67,80,85,87,92,96, 113,123,126,128-130,133,134, 142,145-148,150,164 Nationalism, 9, 12,16-17, 51, 108, 113,115,127 and communism, 110 and Europe, 117 and identity, 12, 69,115 and the Iron Guard, 44 and Marxism, 49 and the Orthodox Church, 103,116 and Orthodoxy, 10,11,114 National Peasant Party, 22, 96 NATO, 116 Neamţu, Mihai, 12,121,122 Neuman, Victor, 11,18 Nicaea, Council of, 27 О O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 86 Orthodoxy, Christian, 2, 5,17, 22, 60, 69, 70, 75,76, 82, 88,95,107, 171 P Păcurariu, Mircea, 26-28, 30, 45, 63, 71 Paleologu, Alexandru, 112,115,123 Paler, Octavian, 111, 115-119,123 Patapievici, Horia-Roman, 110,112, 115,119-120,134 Patriarchate, 30, 51-53, 55, 86, 93, 95,133 of Constantinople, 95 and mass media, 27, 39,43, 63, 70, 71,76, 88,109,119,120 Romanian, 26, 56, 58, 62, 97, 101,144
Patriarch Daniel, 1,4, 32, 40, 41, 66, 68-71,75,77, 84, 87, 88,101, 143,147,149,151-152 and canonization, 84, 148 and identity, 2,17, 76, 78-83 and institutions, 88-90, 92 and secularization, 148, 153-155, 164 Paul, Saint, 49, 69 Pàun, Gheorghe, 128 Păunescu, Adrian, 118 Petcu, Adrian Nicolae, 11
172 INDEX Philip, Apostle, 77, 78 Plămădeală, Antonie, 42, 43, 47 Pleşu, Andrei, 60, 110 Polychronism, 139, 141-142,156-158 Pop, Ioan-Aurel, 16,17,125-127 Popa, Ion, 10, 11 Popescu, Dumitru, 53 Postmodernism, 95,143,150 Preda, Radu, 12, 13, 133-134 Pricop, Mircea Cristian, 12 R Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, 21-22, 24, 25, 68 Ralea, Mihai, 23-24 Romania, 75, 77, 84, 88, 89, 93, 96, 99,101,103,107,112, 114-116,122,125,127,132, 156,161, 163-166 and Bessarabia, 147,148 and identity, 78 and Latin legacy, 123 and modernity, 145 and St. Andrew, 125 Rome, 15, 27, 49 Romocea, Cristian, 10 Rothfels, Hans, 5 Russell, Bertrand, 17 Russia, 28, 29, 95 Russian Orthodox Church, 66,131 S Şaguna, Andrei, 27, 52 Săsăujan, Mihai, 29 Scurtu, loan, 127 Securitatea, 41, 47, 71, 97 Serbian Orthodox Church, 71 Simion, Eugen, 82, 111 Skinner, Quentin, 5-6, 8-9, 138-140,151 Smith, Steven B., 14 Social Democrat Party, 128 Stan, Lavinia, 9, 61, 64, 71, 89,103 Stan, Valentin, 113 Stăniloae, Dumitru, 1, 40,42,43, 52 and collective memory, 47 and education, 84-85 and identity, 41, 66, 68, 80, 142,157 and intellectuals, 110 and Latin legacy, 48-49 and national character, 21-22 and nationalism, 11 Synod, 29, 62 and the cathedral, 54, 55 of the Constantinople Patriarchate, 27 and the Constitution, 42, 46 of Florence-Ferrara, 28 and Parliament, 42 and Patriarch Teoctist, 41 of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29-31 of the Russian Orthodox Church, 29 T Teoctist, Patriarch, 41, 55, 56, 63, 76, 90, 92,131 and the cathedral, 55 and the Communist Party, 98 and the Constitution, 46 and European integration, 64, 65 and
institutional identity, 96-97 and modernity, 82 and national identity, 53-54,66, 69 and Securitatea, 41 Theodorescu, Rizvan, 134, 165 Timişoara, 41, 98, 111 Transylvania, 22, 27, 28, 42, 52, 53, 55,84, 98,114,147 and ethnicity, 14 and the Greek Catholic Church, 44
INDEX and identity, 144 and Latin legacy, 19 and the Orthodox Church, 28 Trencsényi, Balázs, 18 Trinitas, 70 Tritder, Sabine, 15 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 118 Turcescu, Lucian, 9, 61, 64, 71,89, 103 U Ungrovlahia, 27 V Vatican, 40, 44,45 Verdery, Katharine, 26 Vighi, Daniel, 111, 117 Villey, Michel, 79 173 Voicu, Victor, 128 Vulcănescu, Mircea, 18, 25, 81 W Wallachia, Principality of, 27-29, 60, 128,143 Ware, Kallistos, 14,15 Wciślik, Piotr, 3, 6,161 Weber, Max, 20 Weber, Renate, 113 Wundt, Wilhelm, 21, 68 Y Yugoslavia, 95 Z Zub, Alexandru, 4,115,118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
Contents 1 Introductory Matters 1 2 A Resurgent Church 39 3 A Rampant Church 75 4 Secular Counterpoint 105 5 Undercurrents of Identity Discourse 137 6 In Search of a Conclusion 161 Index 167 vii
Index A Academy, Romanian, 80-82, 85 and the ”Appeal,” 128 and Constantin BălăceanuStolnici, 95 and Eugen Simion, 82, 111 and Ioan-Aurel Pop, 125 and Lucian Blaga, 24, 25 and Patriarch Daniel, 1, 76, 84, 147, 151,155 and Răzvan Theodorescu, 134 and Virgil Cândea, 63 Amzăr, Dumitru Cristian, 24-25 Andreescu, Gabriel, 59, 111, 113-118,123-124,134 Andrew, Saint, 26, 27, 77, 78,125 Antim, 28 Antohi, Sorin, 118,122,132 Asociaţia Studenţilor Creştini Ortodocşi Români (ASCOR), 68 Assmann, Jan, 119,120 Austin, J.L., 8,138 Autocephaly, 133,155 and the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29, 95 В Baconschi, Teodor, 12,40, 87-88 Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Constantin, 95 Baptist Church, 45 Barbu, Daniel, 10, !32֊133,165 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1,29, ЗО, 65,93 Basarab, 29 Basilica, Media Group, 70, 76, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, 13, 51 Beøriffsgeschichte, 5-8, 139 Bessarabia, 10, 29, 84,116,147,148 Blaga, Lucian, 18,24-25 Blustein, Jeffrey, 120 Bourdieu, Pierre, 13 Bria, Ion, 50-52 Brubaker, Rogers, 13,14, 51, 85 Brunetière, Ferdinand, 19 © The Author(s) 2020 A. Velku, The Orthodox Church and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03048427-9 167
168 INDEX Bucharest, 29, 68, 79, 153 and demolition, 55 and demonstrations, 129 Patriarchate headquarters, 55 University, 43, 54, 84 Bukovina, 28, 68, 69, 87, 94 Bulgaria, 29, 64, 66 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 71 C Calinesm, George, 25 Cândea, Virgil, 63 Canonization, 84,126,137,146-149 and Church annual reports, 148 as institutional competence, 149 and speech acts, 146-148,163 Caraiani, Ovidiu, 114,156 Cathedral, National, 10, 54-57, 61, 83, 137,149,162 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 66 and Patriarch Teoctist’s telegram, 2, 41 Christianity, 22, 52, 60, 77, 79,109, 110,156 and the curriculum, 58 and identity, 79,133,140-141 Orthodox, 2, 59, 60,108 pre-Constantinian, 12 and Romania, 5, 26, 27, 57, 77 Church, 12,17, 28, 30, 31, 42,43, 48, 66, 67, 75, 82, 99,109,113, 120,122-125,130,137,138, 140,141,144,145, 148,153-156 Greek Catholic, 9, 71,133,143, 144; conflict with the Orthodox Church, 26; persecution of, 44, 143; property, 44, 61 Romanian Orthodox, 1, 3, 5, 22, 26-27,40,43-45, 50, 56, 63, 64,69, 71,108,116,118, 139,143,146,150-151, 156, 161, 163; arguments of, 4, 9, 51, 56, 57, 68; autocephalous, 29,51-53, 93, 96,102,133; and charitable work, 100-101, 126; and democratization, 13; and education, 58-59, 61, 63, 158, 162; and the European Union, 11, 54, 63-66, 83; and the Holocaust, 10; and identity, 3, 5-6,11,21,32, 39-41,50, 53, 57, 59, 75, 77, 82, 84-85, 92, 96,102,112,126-127, 137,141,142,145,147, 149, 155-158,164-165; institution, 8,17, 29, 30, 32, 42, 47, 63, 65, 70, 75, 86-91, 94, 97-98, 103,108,113,116,120-121, 131, 143, !47,150,161,162; and intellectuals, 60, 110, 112; and
the mass media, 41, 68, 70, 162; Metropolitan, 27-29, 86; national, 31,45^6, 51, 63, 87,91, 111, 116,145-146, 161; and National Cathedral, 10, 53-55, 61,162; and nationalism, 9-11, 51,103; Patriarchate, 30, 52, 86, 93, 102; and property, 44, 61, 96-97,143-144; and the Romanian people, 20-21, 50-53, 80, 91,92,151; and the security services, 11, 47, 96-97; and the State, 9-11, 14, 15,30, 62, 88,131,144 Ciobotea, Daniel, 40,41,47, 88,155 Metropolitan, 154 See also Patriarch Daniel Cluj, 14 University, 125, 127 Communist Party, Romanian, 2, 55, 98
INDEX Conovici, Juliana, 12, 32, 80, 83, 88-89 Constantinescu, Emil, 62 Constantiniu, Florin, 120, 143 Constantinople, 19 fall of, 28 Patriarchate, 1, 27, ЗО, 93, 95 Cornea, Andrei, 59 Coroaim-Stanca, Soroana, 120 Crainic, Nichifor, 18, 24, 111, 126,164 Cristea, Miron, 52-55,102 Cuza, Alexandra loan, 29-30, 145 Czarniawska, Barbara, 17, 91, 92, 97 D Dacia, 27,108,114 Daniel, see Patriarch Daniel Democracy, 45, 58, 89,117,124 Democratization, 8,13, 41, 109, 111, 140 Doinaş, Şt. Aug, 109,162 Drăghicescu, Dumitru, 19-21, 25, 53, 110,130,165 Dumitrescu, Sorin, 48, 49, 110 Durkheim, Emile, 20 E Eliade, Mircea, 18, 43 Eliade, Pompiliu, 18-21 Enache, George, 11 European integration, 11, 61-67, 79, 87, 99,103,114-116,118 and the Church, 54 and identity, 99,156 and Latin legacy, 15, 67, 84 See also European Union European Union, 63-67, 75, 99,114, 116,124 and the Church, 11,154 See also European integration 169 F Florence-Ferrara, Synod of, 28 Foucault, Michel, 9 G Gabor, Adrian, 11 Galériu, Constantin, 52, 53, 93 Geertz, Clifford, 16 Giesen, Bernhard, 13, 51 Gillet, Olivier, 12-13 Globalization, 81,143,150, 153-156,164 Gordon, Vasile, 68 Greek Orthodox Church, 66,131 H Haddock, Brace, 114, 156 Hall, Stuart, 13, 51 Heinen, Armin, 11,18 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 7 Identity, 2, 11, 51-53, 57, 59, 60, 70, 97,103,108,117,124,153 Christian, 57,133, 152 Church on, 5-6, 59 collective, 13, 146 concept of, 2-3, 13,16, 40, 50, 53, 75,77-83,100,112,115,133 crisis of, 78-79 cultural, 3-5, 49, 50, 54, 76-77, 79 definition of, 13, 14, 70 endangered, 117, 119 ethnic, 16, 119, 123 European, 15,155
idea of, 61,154 institutional, 4,17, 31,46, 53, 71, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 103,129 language and, 84 Latin-Orthodox, 91
170 INDEX Identity (cont.) national, 1-6, 9-11,14-18, 20, 23-27, 39-44,48^19, 56, 59, 61, 64-66, 71, 75, 77-82, 85, 91,92,103,108,111-119, 122,126-134,137,140-151, 153-158,161-166 nationalism and, 12,115 of the Orthodox Church, 94, 97-99,101-102, 109,145 and Orthodoxy, 2, 9,41, 46, 51, 54, 68, 75,161 political, 156 religious, 123-124 Romanian, 13-15, 61, 64, 67-68, 81,115,126,133, 141-143,156 spiritual, 42, 58,155 Iliescu, Ion, 62, 99 Institution, 1, 2, 8,17, 28-30,101, 123,125,128 creed and, 62, 65, 70 democratic, 107 and identity, 42, 91,110,128 Orthodox Church, 1-3, 5, 8,12, 30, 32, 39-40, 42, 45^6, 50, 63, 71, 82, 85-87, 89, 92-100, 102,110,112,113,116, 120-122,131-133,139,141, 143-151,156-157,161-164 and the Romanian Academy, 76,128 and trust, 58, 88 Ioaniţoiu, Cicerone, 96 Iohannis, Klaus, 128 Ionescu, Nae, 18,24,43,46,47, 71, 81, 111, 126,134,142,146,157,164 Iron Guard, 43 J Jacob, Paula, 64 John Paul II, Pope, 84, 131 Jus sanguinis, 16 Jus solis, 16 К Karlowitz, Orthodox Metropolitan Church of, 28 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 15 Koenig, Matthias, 15 Kopeček, Michal, 3, 6,161 Koselleck, Reinhart, 5,121,150 and conceptual history, 6-9, 138-140,142,149,150 L Lăzărescu, Dan A., 60 Le Goff, Jacques, 115 Legacy, 18, 39 Christian Orthodox, 165 cultural, 1,140,142,157 Dacian and Roman, 123 Latin, 2,5,11,15,19,24,26,42,44, 48, 53,65-67,84,85,103,108, 113,141-143,156-158,165 of rationalism, 164 Roman, 52, 93 Leuştean, Lucian N., 11, 67 Liberal Party, 22, 60 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 128 Lorenz, Chris, 14 Lovinescu, Eugen, 18, 23 M Maner, Hans-Christian, 18 Martin, Mircea, 118 McGuckin, John
Anthony, 32, 98 Memory, 119 collective, 119 communicative, 119 cultural, 120 Micu, Inochentie, 26
INDEX 111, 113,114,123,128,132, 143,144,149,153 and Catholicism, 71,142 concept of, 9,44 and the European Union, 64,116 and identity, 1, 9, 13-15, 23-24, 40-41, 51, 53-54, 59, 63, 65, 67-69, 77, 82, 87,124-126, 132,137,140-143,145,150, 156,161-164 and Latin legacy, 11, 48, 49, 53, 57, 60, 64-68, 71, 79, 81, 84-85, 91,93,103,113,120,131, 141-143,145,156-158,165 and modernity, 13 Mihăilescu, Vintila, 88,132,154 Modernity, 8,13,14,18, 70, 95,107, 112,145,157 accelerated, 3, 86,107,140, 164 and the Church, 133 late, 146 and secularization, 148 Mojzes, Paul, 15 Moldavia, 143 Metropolitanate of, 68, 69, 86, 87 Principality of, 27-29,114,128 Moldova, Republic of, 113 Moraru, Alexandru, 28, 29 Müller, Jan-Werner, 5, 7, 8 N Năstase, Adrian, 99 Nation, 16-17,20-22,24-25,41-42, 49-53,56,62-67,80,85,87,92,96, 113,123,126,128-130,133,134, 142,145-148,150,164 Nationalism, 9, 12,16-17, 51, 108, 113,115,127 and communism, 110 and Europe, 117 and identity, 12, 69,115 and the Iron Guard, 44 and Marxism, 49 and the Orthodox Church, 103,116 and Orthodoxy, 10,11,114 National Peasant Party, 22, 96 NATO, 116 Neamţu, Mihai, 12,121,122 Neuman, Victor, 11,18 Nicaea, Council of, 27 О O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 86 Orthodoxy, Christian, 2, 5,17, 22, 60, 69, 70, 75,76, 82, 88,95,107, 171 P Păcurariu, Mircea, 26-28, 30, 45, 63, 71 Paleologu, Alexandru, 112,115,123 Paler, Octavian, 111, 115-119,123 Patapievici, Horia-Roman, 110,112, 115,119-120,134 Patriarchate, 30, 51-53, 55, 86, 93, 95,133 of Constantinople, 95 and mass media, 27, 39,43, 63, 70, 71,76, 88,109,119,120 Romanian, 26, 56, 58, 62, 97, 101,144
Patriarch Daniel, 1,4, 32, 40, 41, 66, 68-71,75,77, 84, 87, 88,101, 143,147,149,151-152 and canonization, 84, 148 and identity, 2,17, 76, 78-83 and institutions, 88-90, 92 and secularization, 148, 153-155, 164 Paul, Saint, 49, 69 Pàun, Gheorghe, 128 Păunescu, Adrian, 118 Petcu, Adrian Nicolae, 11
172 INDEX Philip, Apostle, 77, 78 Plămădeală, Antonie, 42, 43, 47 Pleşu, Andrei, 60, 110 Polychronism, 139, 141-142,156-158 Pop, Ioan-Aurel, 16,17,125-127 Popa, Ion, 10, 11 Popescu, Dumitru, 53 Postmodernism, 95,143,150 Preda, Radu, 12, 13, 133-134 Pricop, Mircea Cristian, 12 R Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, 21-22, 24, 25, 68 Ralea, Mihai, 23-24 Romania, 75, 77, 84, 88, 89, 93, 96, 99,101,103,107,112, 114-116,122,125,127,132, 156,161, 163-166 and Bessarabia, 147,148 and identity, 78 and Latin legacy, 123 and modernity, 145 and St. Andrew, 125 Rome, 15, 27, 49 Romocea, Cristian, 10 Rothfels, Hans, 5 Russell, Bertrand, 17 Russia, 28, 29, 95 Russian Orthodox Church, 66,131 S Şaguna, Andrei, 27, 52 Săsăujan, Mihai, 29 Scurtu, loan, 127 Securitatea, 41, 47, 71, 97 Serbian Orthodox Church, 71 Simion, Eugen, 82, 111 Skinner, Quentin, 5-6, 8-9, 138-140,151 Smith, Steven B., 14 Social Democrat Party, 128 Stan, Lavinia, 9, 61, 64, 71, 89,103 Stan, Valentin, 113 Stăniloae, Dumitru, 1, 40,42,43, 52 and collective memory, 47 and education, 84-85 and identity, 41, 66, 68, 80, 142,157 and intellectuals, 110 and Latin legacy, 48-49 and national character, 21-22 and nationalism, 11 Synod, 29, 62 and the cathedral, 54, 55 of the Constantinople Patriarchate, 27 and the Constitution, 42, 46 of Florence-Ferrara, 28 and Parliament, 42 and Patriarch Teoctist, 41 of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29-31 of the Russian Orthodox Church, 29 T Teoctist, Patriarch, 41, 55, 56, 63, 76, 90, 92,131 and the cathedral, 55 and the Communist Party, 98 and the Constitution, 46 and European integration, 64, 65 and
institutional identity, 96-97 and modernity, 82 and national identity, 53-54,66, 69 and Securitatea, 41 Theodorescu, Rizvan, 134, 165 Timişoara, 41, 98, 111 Transylvania, 22, 27, 28, 42, 52, 53, 55,84, 98,114,147 and ethnicity, 14 and the Greek Catholic Church, 44
INDEX and identity, 144 and Latin legacy, 19 and the Orthodox Church, 28 Trencsényi, Balázs, 18 Trinitas, 70 Tritder, Sabine, 15 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 118 Turcescu, Lucian, 9, 61, 64, 71,89, 103 U Ungrovlahia, 27 V Vatican, 40, 44,45 Verdery, Katharine, 26 Vighi, Daniel, 111, 117 Villey, Michel, 79 173 Voicu, Victor, 128 Vulcănescu, Mircea, 18, 25, 81 W Wallachia, Principality of, 27-29, 60, 128,143 Ware, Kallistos, 14,15 Wciślik, Piotr, 3, 6,161 Weber, Max, 20 Weber, Renate, 113 Wundt, Wilhelm, 21, 68 Y Yugoslavia, 95 Z Zub, Alexandru, 4,115,118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
Contents 1 Introductory Matters 1 2 A Resurgent Church 39 3 A Rampant Church 75 4 Secular Counterpoint 105 5 Undercurrents of Identity Discourse 137 6 In Search of a Conclusion 161 Index 167 vii
Index A Academy, Romanian, 80-82, 85 and the ”Appeal,” 128 and Constantin BălăceanuStolnici, 95 and Eugen Simion, 82, 111 and Ioan-Aurel Pop, 125 and Lucian Blaga, 24, 25 and Patriarch Daniel, 1, 76, 84, 147, 151,155 and Răzvan Theodorescu, 134 and Virgil Cândea, 63 Amzăr, Dumitru Cristian, 24-25 Andreescu, Gabriel, 59, 111, 113-118,123-124,134 Andrew, Saint, 26, 27, 77, 78,125 Antim, 28 Antohi, Sorin, 118,122,132 Asociaţia Studenţilor Creştini Ortodocşi Români (ASCOR), 68 Assmann, Jan, 119,120 Austin, J.L., 8,138 Autocephaly, 133,155 and the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29, 95 В Baconschi, Teodor, 12,40, 87-88 Bălăceanu-Stolnici, Constantin, 95 Baptist Church, 45 Barbu, Daniel, 10, !32֊133,165 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1,29, ЗО, 65,93 Basarab, 29 Basilica, Media Group, 70, 76, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, 13, 51 Beøriffsgeschichte, 5-8, 139 Bessarabia, 10, 29, 84,116,147,148 Blaga, Lucian, 18,24-25 Blustein, Jeffrey, 120 Bourdieu, Pierre, 13 Bria, Ion, 50-52 Brubaker, Rogers, 13,14, 51, 85 Brunetière, Ferdinand, 19 © The Author(s) 2020 A. Velku, The Orthodox Church and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03048427-9 167
168 INDEX Bucharest, 29, 68, 79, 153 and demolition, 55 and demonstrations, 129 Patriarchate headquarters, 55 University, 43, 54, 84 Bukovina, 28, 68, 69, 87, 94 Bulgaria, 29, 64, 66 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 71 C Calinesm, George, 25 Cândea, Virgil, 63 Canonization, 84,126,137,146-149 and Church annual reports, 148 as institutional competence, 149 and speech acts, 146-148,163 Caraiani, Ovidiu, 114,156 Cathedral, National, 10, 54-57, 61, 83, 137,149,162 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 66 and Patriarch Teoctist’s telegram, 2, 41 Christianity, 22, 52, 60, 77, 79,109, 110,156 and the curriculum, 58 and identity, 79,133,140-141 Orthodox, 2, 59, 60,108 pre-Constantinian, 12 and Romania, 5, 26, 27, 57, 77 Church, 12,17, 28, 30, 31, 42,43, 48, 66, 67, 75, 82, 99,109,113, 120,122-125,130,137,138, 140,141,144,145, 148,153-156 Greek Catholic, 9, 71,133,143, 144; conflict with the Orthodox Church, 26; persecution of, 44, 143; property, 44, 61 Romanian Orthodox, 1, 3, 5, 22, 26-27,40,43-45, 50, 56, 63, 64,69, 71,108,116,118, 139,143,146,150-151, 156, 161, 163; arguments of, 4, 9, 51, 56, 57, 68; autocephalous, 29,51-53, 93, 96,102,133; and charitable work, 100-101, 126; and democratization, 13; and education, 58-59, 61, 63, 158, 162; and the European Union, 11, 54, 63-66, 83; and the Holocaust, 10; and identity, 3, 5-6,11,21,32, 39-41,50, 53, 57, 59, 75, 77, 82, 84-85, 92, 96,102,112,126-127, 137,141,142,145,147, 149, 155-158,164-165; institution, 8,17, 29, 30, 32, 42, 47, 63, 65, 70, 75, 86-91, 94, 97-98, 103,108,113,116,120-121, 131, 143, !47,150,161,162; and intellectuals, 60, 110, 112; and
the mass media, 41, 68, 70, 162; Metropolitan, 27-29, 86; national, 31,45^6, 51, 63, 87,91, 111, 116,145-146, 161; and National Cathedral, 10, 53-55, 61,162; and nationalism, 9-11, 51,103; Patriarchate, 30, 52, 86, 93, 102; and property, 44, 61, 96-97,143-144; and the Romanian people, 20-21, 50-53, 80, 91,92,151; and the security services, 11, 47, 96-97; and the State, 9-11, 14, 15,30, 62, 88,131,144 Ciobotea, Daniel, 40,41,47, 88,155 Metropolitan, 154 See also Patriarch Daniel Cluj, 14 University, 125, 127 Communist Party, Romanian, 2, 55, 98
INDEX Conovici, Juliana, 12, 32, 80, 83, 88-89 Constantinescu, Emil, 62 Constantiniu, Florin, 120, 143 Constantinople, 19 fall of, 28 Patriarchate, 1, 27, ЗО, 93, 95 Cornea, Andrei, 59 Coroaim-Stanca, Soroana, 120 Crainic, Nichifor, 18, 24, 111, 126,164 Cristea, Miron, 52-55,102 Cuza, Alexandra loan, 29-30, 145 Czarniawska, Barbara, 17, 91, 92, 97 D Dacia, 27,108,114 Daniel, see Patriarch Daniel Democracy, 45, 58, 89,117,124 Democratization, 8,13, 41, 109, 111, 140 Doinaş, Şt. Aug, 109,162 Drăghicescu, Dumitru, 19-21, 25, 53, 110,130,165 Dumitrescu, Sorin, 48, 49, 110 Durkheim, Emile, 20 E Eliade, Mircea, 18, 43 Eliade, Pompiliu, 18-21 Enache, George, 11 European integration, 11, 61-67, 79, 87, 99,103,114-116,118 and the Church, 54 and identity, 99,156 and Latin legacy, 15, 67, 84 See also European Union European Union, 63-67, 75, 99,114, 116,124 and the Church, 11,154 See also European integration 169 F Florence-Ferrara, Synod of, 28 Foucault, Michel, 9 G Gabor, Adrian, 11 Galériu, Constantin, 52, 53, 93 Geertz, Clifford, 16 Giesen, Bernhard, 13, 51 Gillet, Olivier, 12-13 Globalization, 81,143,150, 153-156,164 Gordon, Vasile, 68 Greek Orthodox Church, 66,131 H Haddock, Brace, 114, 156 Hall, Stuart, 13, 51 Heinen, Armin, 11,18 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 7 Identity, 2, 11, 51-53, 57, 59, 60, 70, 97,103,108,117,124,153 Christian, 57,133, 152 Church on, 5-6, 59 collective, 13, 146 concept of, 2-3, 13,16, 40, 50, 53, 75,77-83,100,112,115,133 crisis of, 78-79 cultural, 3-5, 49, 50, 54, 76-77, 79 definition of, 13, 14, 70 endangered, 117, 119 ethnic, 16, 119, 123 European, 15,155
idea of, 61,154 institutional, 4,17, 31,46, 53, 71, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 103,129 language and, 84 Latin-Orthodox, 91
170 INDEX Identity (cont.) national, 1-6, 9-11,14-18, 20, 23-27, 39-44,48^19, 56, 59, 61, 64-66, 71, 75, 77-82, 85, 91,92,103,108,111-119, 122,126-134,137,140-151, 153-158,161-166 nationalism and, 12,115 of the Orthodox Church, 94, 97-99,101-102, 109,145 and Orthodoxy, 2, 9,41, 46, 51, 54, 68, 75,161 political, 156 religious, 123-124 Romanian, 13-15, 61, 64, 67-68, 81,115,126,133, 141-143,156 spiritual, 42, 58,155 Iliescu, Ion, 62, 99 Institution, 1, 2, 8,17, 28-30,101, 123,125,128 creed and, 62, 65, 70 democratic, 107 and identity, 42, 91,110,128 Orthodox Church, 1-3, 5, 8,12, 30, 32, 39-40, 42, 45^6, 50, 63, 71, 82, 85-87, 89, 92-100, 102,110,112,113,116, 120-122,131-133,139,141, 143-151,156-157,161-164 and the Romanian Academy, 76,128 and trust, 58, 88 Ioaniţoiu, Cicerone, 96 Iohannis, Klaus, 128 Ionescu, Nae, 18,24,43,46,47, 71, 81, 111, 126,134,142,146,157,164 Iron Guard, 43 J Jacob, Paula, 64 John Paul II, Pope, 84, 131 Jus sanguinis, 16 Jus solis, 16 К Karlowitz, Orthodox Metropolitan Church of, 28 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 15 Koenig, Matthias, 15 Kopeček, Michal, 3, 6,161 Koselleck, Reinhart, 5,121,150 and conceptual history, 6-9, 138-140,142,149,150 L Lăzărescu, Dan A., 60 Le Goff, Jacques, 115 Legacy, 18, 39 Christian Orthodox, 165 cultural, 1,140,142,157 Dacian and Roman, 123 Latin, 2,5,11,15,19,24,26,42,44, 48, 53,65-67,84,85,103,108, 113,141-143,156-158,165 of rationalism, 164 Roman, 52, 93 Leuştean, Lucian N., 11, 67 Liberal Party, 22, 60 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 128 Lorenz, Chris, 14 Lovinescu, Eugen, 18, 23 M Maner, Hans-Christian, 18 Martin, Mircea, 118 McGuckin, John
Anthony, 32, 98 Memory, 119 collective, 119 communicative, 119 cultural, 120 Micu, Inochentie, 26
INDEX 111, 113,114,123,128,132, 143,144,149,153 and Catholicism, 71,142 concept of, 9,44 and the European Union, 64,116 and identity, 1, 9, 13-15, 23-24, 40-41, 51, 53-54, 59, 63, 65, 67-69, 77, 82, 87,124-126, 132,137,140-143,145,150, 156,161-164 and Latin legacy, 11, 48, 49, 53, 57, 60, 64-68, 71, 79, 81, 84-85, 91,93,103,113,120,131, 141-143,145,156-158,165 and modernity, 13 Mihăilescu, Vintila, 88,132,154 Modernity, 8,13,14,18, 70, 95,107, 112,145,157 accelerated, 3, 86,107,140, 164 and the Church, 133 late, 146 and secularization, 148 Mojzes, Paul, 15 Moldavia, 143 Metropolitanate of, 68, 69, 86, 87 Principality of, 27-29,114,128 Moldova, Republic of, 113 Moraru, Alexandru, 28, 29 Müller, Jan-Werner, 5, 7, 8 N Năstase, Adrian, 99 Nation, 16-17,20-22,24-25,41-42, 49-53,56,62-67,80,85,87,92,96, 113,123,126,128-130,133,134, 142,145-148,150,164 Nationalism, 9, 12,16-17, 51, 108, 113,115,127 and communism, 110 and Europe, 117 and identity, 12, 69,115 and the Iron Guard, 44 and Marxism, 49 and the Orthodox Church, 103,116 and Orthodoxy, 10,11,114 National Peasant Party, 22, 96 NATO, 116 Neamţu, Mihai, 12,121,122 Neuman, Victor, 11,18 Nicaea, Council of, 27 О O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 86 Orthodoxy, Christian, 2, 5,17, 22, 60, 69, 70, 75,76, 82, 88,95,107, 171 P Păcurariu, Mircea, 26-28, 30, 45, 63, 71 Paleologu, Alexandru, 112,115,123 Paler, Octavian, 111, 115-119,123 Patapievici, Horia-Roman, 110,112, 115,119-120,134 Patriarchate, 30, 51-53, 55, 86, 93, 95,133 of Constantinople, 95 and mass media, 27, 39,43, 63, 70, 71,76, 88,109,119,120 Romanian, 26, 56, 58, 62, 97, 101,144
Patriarch Daniel, 1,4, 32, 40, 41, 66, 68-71,75,77, 84, 87, 88,101, 143,147,149,151-152 and canonization, 84, 148 and identity, 2,17, 76, 78-83 and institutions, 88-90, 92 and secularization, 148, 153-155, 164 Paul, Saint, 49, 69 Pàun, Gheorghe, 128 Păunescu, Adrian, 118 Petcu, Adrian Nicolae, 11
172 INDEX Philip, Apostle, 77, 78 Plămădeală, Antonie, 42, 43, 47 Pleşu, Andrei, 60, 110 Polychronism, 139, 141-142,156-158 Pop, Ioan-Aurel, 16,17,125-127 Popa, Ion, 10, 11 Popescu, Dumitru, 53 Postmodernism, 95,143,150 Preda, Radu, 12, 13, 133-134 Pricop, Mircea Cristian, 12 R Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, 21-22, 24, 25, 68 Ralea, Mihai, 23-24 Romania, 75, 77, 84, 88, 89, 93, 96, 99,101,103,107,112, 114-116,122,125,127,132, 156,161, 163-166 and Bessarabia, 147,148 and identity, 78 and Latin legacy, 123 and modernity, 145 and St. Andrew, 125 Rome, 15, 27, 49 Romocea, Cristian, 10 Rothfels, Hans, 5 Russell, Bertrand, 17 Russia, 28, 29, 95 Russian Orthodox Church, 66,131 S Şaguna, Andrei, 27, 52 Săsăujan, Mihai, 29 Scurtu, loan, 127 Securitatea, 41, 47, 71, 97 Serbian Orthodox Church, 71 Simion, Eugen, 82, 111 Skinner, Quentin, 5-6, 8-9, 138-140,151 Smith, Steven B., 14 Social Democrat Party, 128 Stan, Lavinia, 9, 61, 64, 71, 89,103 Stan, Valentin, 113 Stăniloae, Dumitru, 1, 40,42,43, 52 and collective memory, 47 and education, 84-85 and identity, 41, 66, 68, 80, 142,157 and intellectuals, 110 and Latin legacy, 48-49 and national character, 21-22 and nationalism, 11 Synod, 29, 62 and the cathedral, 54, 55 of the Constantinople Patriarchate, 27 and the Constitution, 42, 46 of Florence-Ferrara, 28 and Parliament, 42 and Patriarch Teoctist, 41 of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 29-31 of the Russian Orthodox Church, 29 T Teoctist, Patriarch, 41, 55, 56, 63, 76, 90, 92,131 and the cathedral, 55 and the Communist Party, 98 and the Constitution, 46 and European integration, 64, 65 and
institutional identity, 96-97 and modernity, 82 and national identity, 53-54,66, 69 and Securitatea, 41 Theodorescu, Rizvan, 134, 165 Timişoara, 41, 98, 111 Transylvania, 22, 27, 28, 42, 52, 53, 55,84, 98,114,147 and ethnicity, 14 and the Greek Catholic Church, 44
INDEX and identity, 144 and Latin legacy, 19 and the Orthodox Church, 28 Trencsényi, Balázs, 18 Trinitas, 70 Tritder, Sabine, 15 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 118 Turcescu, Lucian, 9, 61, 64, 71,89, 103 U Ungrovlahia, 27 V Vatican, 40, 44,45 Verdery, Katharine, 26 Vighi, Daniel, 111, 117 Villey, Michel, 79 173 Voicu, Victor, 128 Vulcănescu, Mircea, 18, 25, 81 W Wallachia, Principality of, 27-29, 60, 128,143 Ware, Kallistos, 14,15 Wciślik, Piotr, 3, 6,161 Weber, Max, 20 Weber, Renate, 113 Wundt, Wilhelm, 21, 68 Y Yugoslavia, 95 Z Zub, Alexandru, 4,115,118 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV046870210 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:15:18Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:56:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030484262 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032280364 |
| oclc_num | 1220877704 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | vii, 173 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20201009 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | palgrave macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Modernity, memory and identity in South-East Europe |
| spelling | Velicu, Adrian Verfasser (DE-588)142656054 aut The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania Adrian Velicu Cham, Switzerland palgrave macmillan [2020] © 2020 vii, 173 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Modernity, memory and identity in South-East Europe Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1990-2020 gnd rswk-swf Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 b Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 s Geschichte 1990-2020 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-48427-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Velicu, Adrian The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 gnd Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1022718-0 (DE-588)4075230-6 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania |
| title_auth | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania |
| title_exact_search | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania |
| title_full | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania Adrian Velicu |
| title_fullStr | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania Adrian Velicu |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania Adrian Velicu |
| title_short | The Orthodox Church and national identity in post-communist Romania |
| title_sort | the orthodox church and national identity in post communist romania |
| topic | Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 gnd Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche Nationenbildung Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032280364&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT velicuadrian theorthodoxchurchandnationalidentityinpostcommunistromania |
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Indexes
Indexes