Economic geology: principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Stuttgart
Schweizerbart Science Publishers
2020
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| Edition: | 2nd revised edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XI, 755 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9783510654413 9783510654352 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Mineralische und Energie-Rohstoffe |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Economic geology |b principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |c Walter L. Pohl |
| 250 | |a 2nd revised edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Stuttgart |b Schweizerbart Science Publishers |c 2020 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 755 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) | ||
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| 653 | |a economic geology | ||
| 653 | |a ore deposit | ||
| 653 | |a ore geology | ||
| 653 | |a mineral exploration | ||
| 653 | |a exploitation | ||
| 653 | |a mineral resources | ||
| 653 | |a mineral deposit | ||
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| adam_text | Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................... Introduction............................................................................................................................. What are ore deposits?.............................................................................................. Mining in the stress field between society and environment................................. The mineral resources conundrum........................................................................... Part I Metalliferous Ore Deposits 1 Geological ore formation process systems (metallogenesis) .............................. Synopsis..................................................................................................................... Magmatic Ore Formation Systems........................................................................... 1.1.1 Orthomagmatic ore formation................................................................... 1.1.2 Ore deposits related to ocean floor volcanism (ophiolite hosted Cyprus type Zn-Cu-Au)................................................ 1.1.3 Ore formation related to alkaline igneous rocks, carbonatites and kimberlites............................................................................................ 1.1.4 Granites - The Earths workhorses of ore formation................................. 1.1.5 Ore deposits in pegmatites: Sources of high-technology rare and “green”
metals.............................................................................................. 1.1.6 Hydrothermal ore formation..................................................................... Isotope geochemistry................................................................................... Fluid Inclusions: Temperature and pressure.............................................. Mineral succession: Ore microscopy to ЕРМА........................................ Hydrothermal Host Rock Alteration.......................................................... 1.1.7 Hydrothermal vein deposits....................................................................... 1.1.8 Skarn- and contact-metasomatic ore deposits.......................................... 1.1.9 Volcanogenic ore deposits ֊ Gold, iron and base metals......................... Subvolcanic porphyry copper..................................................................... Terrestrial volcanic epithermal Au and Ag................................................ Submarine volcanogenic massive sulfides.................................................. Supergene Ore Formation Systems........................................................................... 1.2.1 Residual, or eluvial ore deposits................................................................. 1.2.2 Supergene enrichment by descending solutions....................................... 1.2.3 Infiltration as an agent of ore formation.................................................... Sedimentary Ore Formation
Systems....................................................................... 1.3.1 Organic-rich shales in metallogenesis........................................................ 1.3.2 Placer deposits............................................................................................ 1.3.3 Autochthonous iron and manganese deposits.......................................... 1.3.4 Sediment-hosted, submarine-exhalative (sedex) deposits....................... Diagenetic Ore Formation Systems......................................................................... 1.4.1 The European Copper Shale....................................................................... 1.4.2 Diagenetic-hydrothermal carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits................. 1.4.3 Diagenetic hydrothermal-metasomatic ore deposits............................... 1.4.4 Diagenetic-hydrothermal ore formation related to salt diapirs............... Metamorphosed and Metamorphic Ore Deposits.................................................. Metamorphogenic Ore Formation Systems............................................................. Metallogeny - Ore Deposit Formation in Space and Time..................................... 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 V 1 1 2 4 5 5 9 10 21 26 29 37 42 47 53 56 59 62 68 70 71 76 79 82 85 87 92 95 97 98 102 109 112 116 118 121 123 125 129 136
VIII 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Contents 1.7.1 Metallogenetic space and time concepts..................................................... 1.7.2 Metallogeny and lid tectonics (4500 to-2500 Ma)................................... 1.7.3 Metallogeny and plate tectonics (-2500 Ma to the present).................... Genetic Classification of Ore and Mineral Deposits............................................... Metallogenesis: Summary and Further Reading....................................................... 137 139 139 151 154 Economic geology of metals..................................................................................... Synopsis....................................................................................................................... The Iron and Steel Metals............................................................................................ 2.1.1 Iron................................................................................................................. 2.1.2 Manganese................................................................................................... 2.1.3 Chromium................................................................................................... 2.1.4 Nickel............................................................................................................. 2.1.5 Cobalt........................................................................................................... 2.1.6 Molybdenum...............................................................................................
2.1.7 Tungsten (wotfram)..................................................................................... 2.1.8 Vanadium..................................................................................................... Base Metals................................................................................................................... 2.2.1 Copper........................................................................................................... 2.2.2 Lead and zinc............................................................................................... 2.2.3 Tin................................................................................................................. Precious Metals........................................................................................................... 2.3.1 Gold............................................................................................................... 2.3.2 Silver............................................................................................................. 2.3.3 Platinum and platinum group metals......................................................... Light Metals................................................................................................................. 2.4.1 Aluminium................................................................................................... 2.4.2 Magnesium................................................................................................... Minor and Speciality
Metals...................................................................................... 2.5.1 Mercury......................................................................................................... 2.5.2 Antimony..................................................................................................... 2.5.3 Arsenic........................................................................................................... 2.5.4 Electronic metals (selenium, tellurium, gallium, germanium, indium, cadmium) and silicon.................................................................... 2.5.5 Bismuth......................................................................................................... 2.5.6 Zirconium and hafnium.............................................................................. 2.5.7 Titanium....................................................................................................... 2.5.8 Rare earth elements (REE, lanthanides)..................................................... 2.5.9 Niobium and tantalum................................................................................ 2.5.10 Lithium......................................................................................................... 2.5.11 Beryllium....................................................................................................... 2.5.12 Uranium (and thorium).............................................................................. Metals: Summary and Further
Reading.................................................................... 157 157 157 157 168 172 177 184 186 191 195 197 197 210 218 224 240 240 246 251 251 256 258 258 261 264 267 270 271 271 277 282 289 292 295 309 Part II Non-Metallic Minerals and Rocks 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Industrial minerals, earths and rocks....................................................................... Synopsis....................................................................................................................... Andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite............................................................................ Asbestos....................................................................................................................... Barite and celestite....................................................................................................... Bentonite (smectite rocks)......................................................................................... 311 311 312 315 318 322
IX Contents 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 Borates...................................................................................................................... Carbonate rocks: limestone, calcite marble, marlstone, dolomite......................... Clay and clay rocks................................................................................................... Diamond .................................................................................................................. Diatomite and tripoli............................................................................................... Feldspar and feldspar-rich igneous rocks............................................................... Fluorite...................................................................................................................... Graphite.................................................................................................................... Gypsum and anhydrite............................................................................................. Kaolin........................................................................................................................ Magnesite.................................................................................................................. Mica (muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite)............................................................. Olivine
(duníte)........................................................................................................ Phosphate (apatite)................................................................................................... Quartz and silicon..................................................................................................... Quartzite.................................................................................................................... Quartz sand and gravel............................................................................................. Sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate andalum salts................................................... Sulfur.......................................................................................................................... Talc and pyrophyllite ............................................................................................... Volcaniclastic rocks................................................................................................... Wollastonite.............................................................................................................. Zeolites...................................................................................................................... Industrial Minerals and Rocks: Summary and Further Reading........................... 325 328 331 334 342 343 345 349 352 355 358 364 367 369 373 375 377 380 381 384 388 390 392 394 4 Salt deposits
(evaporites)........................................................................................ Synopsis.................................................................................................................... Salt Minerals and Salt Rocks.................................................................................... The Formation of Salt Deposits................................................................................ 4.2.1 Salt formation today.................................................................................. 4.2.2 Salt formation in the geological past......................................................... Post-Depositional Fate of Salt Rocks...................................................................... 4.3.1 Diagenesis and metamorphism of evaporites.......................................... 4.3.2 Deformation of salt rocks.......................................................................... 4.3.3 Halokinesis and salt tectonics................................................................... 4.3.4 Supergene alteration of salt deposits......................................................... From Exploration to Salt Mining............................................................................ 4.4.1 Exploration and development of salt deposits.......................................... 4.4.2 Geological practice in salt mining............................................................. Salt: Summary and Further Reading........................................................................ 397 397 399 405 405 413
425 425 428 430 435 437 437 439 441 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Part III The Practice of Economic Geology 5 5.1 5.2 Geological concepts and methods in the mining cycle: Exploration, exploitation and closure of mines................................................... Synopsis.................................................................................................................... Economic Considerations....................................................................................... The Search for Mineral Deposits (Exploration)..................................................... 5.2.1 Pre-exploration stage.................................................................................. 5.2.2 Geological exploration.............................................................................. 5.2.3 Geological remote sensing........................................................................ 5.2.4 Geochemical exploration.......................................................................... 443 443 444 446 446 448 451 454
x 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Contents 5.2.5 Geophysical exploration.............................................................................. 5.2.6 Trenching and drilling................................................................................ Development and Valuation of Mineral Deposits................................................... 5.3.1 Geological mapping and sampling............................................................ 5.3.2 Ore reserve estimation and determination of grade................................. 5.3.3 Valuation of mineral deposits.................................................................... Mining and the Environment.................................................................................... 5.4.1 Potential environmental problems related to mining............................... 5.4.2 Waste rock, tailings and seepage water...................................................... 5.4.3 Mining and climate change........................................................................ 5.4.4 Mine closure................................................................................................. Deep Geological Disposal of Dangerous Waste...................................................... The Practice of Economic Geology: Summary and Further Reading.................... 460 466 470 470 473 479 481 482 487 488 489 492 495 Part IV Fossil Energy Raw Materials ֊ Coal, Oil and Gas 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7 7.1
Coal................................................................................................................................ Synopsis....................................................................................................................... The Substance of Coal................................................................................................. 6.1.1 Coal types, rank and grade.......................................................................... 6.1.2 Petrography of coal: lithotypes and macerais ........................................... 6.1.3 The chemical composition of coal................................................................. Peat Formation and Coal Deposits............................................................................. 6.2.1 Types and dimensions of coal seams ......................................................... 6.2.2 Concordant and discordant clastic sediments in coal seams .................. 6.2.3 Peat formation environments .................................................................... 6.2.4 Host rocks of coal....................................................................................... 6.2.5 Marker beds in coal formations ................................................................ 6.2.6 Coal formation in geological space and time ........................................... The Coalification Process ......................................................................................... 6.3.1 Biochemical
peatification............................................................................ 6.3.2 Geochemical coalification.......................................................................... 6.3.3 Measuring the degree of coalification ...................................................... 6.3.4 Causes of coalification ................................................................................ 6.3.5 Coal maturity and diagenesis of country rocks......................................... Post-Depositional Changes of Coal Seams.............................................................. 6.4.1 Tectonic deformation.................................................................................. 6.4.2 Epigenetic mineralization of coal seams .................................................. 6.4.3 Exogenetic alteration of coal...................................................................... Applications of Coal Geology................................................................................... 6.5.1 Exploration................................................................................................... 6.5.2 Reserve estimation ...................................................................................... 6.5.3 Coal mining geology.................................................................................... 6.5.4 Environmental aspects of coal mining...................................................... Coal: Summary and Further Reading...................................................................... 500 500 505 505 508 511 519 519 522
522 526 527 528 528 528 530 531 532 535 535 535 536 536 537 537 540 541 543 547 Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits...................................................................... Synopsis.......................................................................................................................... Species of Natural Bitumens, Gas and Kerogen, and their Properties..................... 7.1.1 Crude oil, or petroleum.............................................................................. 7.1.2 Natural gas................................................................................................... 7.1.3 Natural gas hydrates (clathrates)................................................................ 551 551 553 554 556 559
XI Contents 7.1.4 Tar.............................................................................................................. 7.1.5 Earth wax (ozocerite)................................................................................ 7.1.6 Pyrobitumen............................................................................................... 7.1.7 Natural asphalt........................................................................................... 7.1.8 Kerogen....................................................................................................... The Origin of Petroleum and Natural Gas ............................................................. 7.2.1 Petroleum source rocks.............................................................................. 7.2.2 Dry gas source rocks.................................................................................. 7.2.3 Eogenesis and catagenesis of kerogen....................................................... 7.2.4 The oil window........................................................................................... Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits................................................ 7.3.1 Migration................................................................................................... 7.3.2 Conventional and unconventional reservoir rocks ................................ 7.3.3 Petroleum and gas traps............................................................................ 7.3.4 Formation and reservoir waters
............................................................... 7.3.5 Alteration of petroleum in reservoirs (degradation) .............................. 7.3.6 Tectonic environments and age of hydrocarbonprovinces...................... Exploring for Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits .............................................. 7.4.1 Geophysical methods................................................................................ 7.4.2 Geochemical methods of hydrocarbon exploration................................ 7.4.3 Exploration drilling.................................................................................... 7.4.4 Geophysical borehole measurements....................................................... The Exploitation of Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits...................................... 7.5.1 Reservoir conditions.................................................................................. 7.5.2 Oil and gasfield development..................................................................... 7.5.3 Oil and gas production.............................................................................. 7.5.4 Petroleum mining...................................................................................... 7.5.5 Reserve and Resource Estimation............................................................. 7.5.6 Post-production uses of oil and gas fields ................................................ Tar, Asphalt, Pyrobitumen and Shungite................................................................. Immature Oil
Shales................................................................................................. Environmental Aspects of Oil and Gas Production................................................ 7.8.1 Water resources protection......................................................................... 7.8.2 Subsidence, and induced (man-made) seismic activity........................... 7.8.3 Hydrocarbons and climate......................................................................... Hydrocarbons: Summary and Further Reading..................................................... 560 560 560 560 560 562 563 565 566 569 570 571 573 575 581 582 583 584 586 587 587 588 592 592 594 596 599 599 601 601 604 605 608 608 609 609 Color Plates.............................................................................................................................. The New Age of Economic Geology - Epilogue................................................................... References, General Index, Location Index, Box Titles..................................................... This book has a companion website: www.schweizerbart.de 613 645 647 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9
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| adam_txt |
Contents Preface . Introduction. What are ore deposits?. Mining in the stress field between society and environment. The mineral resources conundrum. Part I Metalliferous Ore Deposits 1 Geological ore formation process systems (metallogenesis) . Synopsis. Magmatic Ore Formation Systems. 1.1.1 Orthomagmatic ore formation. 1.1.2 Ore deposits related to ocean floor volcanism (ophiolite hosted Cyprus type Zn-Cu-Au). 1.1.3 Ore formation related to alkaline igneous rocks, carbonatites and kimberlites. 1.1.4 Granites - The Earths workhorses of ore formation. 1.1.5 Ore deposits in pegmatites: Sources of high-technology rare and “green”
metals. 1.1.6 Hydrothermal ore formation. Isotope geochemistry. Fluid Inclusions: Temperature and pressure. Mineral succession: Ore microscopy to ЕРМА. Hydrothermal Host Rock Alteration. 1.1.7 Hydrothermal vein deposits. 1.1.8 Skarn- and contact-metasomatic ore deposits. 1.1.9 Volcanogenic ore deposits ֊ Gold, iron and base metals. Subvolcanic porphyry copper. Terrestrial volcanic epithermal Au and Ag. Submarine volcanogenic massive sulfides. Supergene Ore Formation Systems. 1.2.1 Residual, or eluvial ore deposits. 1.2.2 Supergene enrichment by descending solutions. 1.2.3 Infiltration as an agent of ore formation. Sedimentary Ore Formation
Systems. 1.3.1 Organic-rich shales in metallogenesis. 1.3.2 Placer deposits. 1.3.3 Autochthonous iron and manganese deposits. 1.3.4 Sediment-hosted, submarine-exhalative (sedex) deposits. Diagenetic Ore Formation Systems. 1.4.1 The European Copper Shale. 1.4.2 Diagenetic-hydrothermal carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits. 1.4.3 Diagenetic hydrothermal-metasomatic ore deposits. 1.4.4 Diagenetic-hydrothermal ore formation related to salt diapirs. Metamorphosed and Metamorphic Ore Deposits. Metamorphogenic Ore Formation Systems. Metallogeny - Ore Deposit Formation in Space and Time. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 V 1 1 2 4 5 5 9 10 21 26 29 37 42 47 53 56 59 62 68 70 71 76 79 82 85 87 92 95 97 98 102 109 112 116 118 121 123 125 129 136
VIII 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Contents 1.7.1 Metallogenetic space and time concepts. 1.7.2 Metallogeny and lid tectonics (4500 to-2500 Ma). 1.7.3 Metallogeny and plate tectonics (-2500 Ma to the present). Genetic Classification of Ore and Mineral Deposits. Metallogenesis: Summary and Further Reading. 137 139 139 151 154 Economic geology of metals. Synopsis. The Iron and Steel Metals. 2.1.1 Iron. 2.1.2 Manganese. 2.1.3 Chromium. 2.1.4 Nickel. 2.1.5 Cobalt. 2.1.6 Molybdenum.
2.1.7 Tungsten (wotfram). 2.1.8 Vanadium. Base Metals. 2.2.1 Copper. 2.2.2 Lead and zinc. 2.2.3 Tin. Precious Metals. 2.3.1 Gold. 2.3.2 Silver. 2.3.3 Platinum and platinum group metals. Light Metals. 2.4.1 Aluminium. 2.4.2 Magnesium. Minor and Speciality
Metals. 2.5.1 Mercury. 2.5.2 Antimony. 2.5.3 Arsenic. 2.5.4 Electronic metals (selenium, tellurium, gallium, germanium, indium, cadmium) and silicon. 2.5.5 Bismuth. 2.5.6 Zirconium and hafnium. 2.5.7 Titanium. 2.5.8 Rare earth elements (REE, lanthanides). 2.5.9 Niobium and tantalum. 2.5.10 Lithium. 2.5.11 Beryllium. 2.5.12 Uranium (and thorium). Metals: Summary and Further
Reading. 157 157 157 157 168 172 177 184 186 191 195 197 197 210 218 224 240 240 246 251 251 256 258 258 261 264 267 270 271 271 277 282 289 292 295 309 Part II Non-Metallic Minerals and Rocks 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Industrial minerals, earths and rocks. Synopsis. Andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite. Asbestos. Barite and celestite. Bentonite (smectite rocks). 311 311 312 315 318 322
IX Contents 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 Borates. Carbonate rocks: limestone, calcite marble, marlstone, dolomite. Clay and clay rocks. Diamond . Diatomite and tripoli. Feldspar and feldspar-rich igneous rocks. Fluorite. Graphite. Gypsum and anhydrite. Kaolin. Magnesite. Mica (muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite). Olivine
(duníte). Phosphate (apatite). Quartz and silicon. Quartzite. Quartz sand and gravel. Sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate andalum salts. Sulfur. Talc and pyrophyllite . Volcaniclastic rocks. Wollastonite. Zeolites. Industrial Minerals and Rocks: Summary and Further Reading. 325 328 331 334 342 343 345 349 352 355 358 364 367 369 373 375 377 380 381 384 388 390 392 394 4 Salt deposits
(evaporites). Synopsis. Salt Minerals and Salt Rocks. The Formation of Salt Deposits. 4.2.1 Salt formation today. 4.2.2 Salt formation in the geological past. Post-Depositional Fate of Salt Rocks. 4.3.1 Diagenesis and metamorphism of evaporites. 4.3.2 Deformation of salt rocks. 4.3.3 Halokinesis and salt tectonics. 4.3.4 Supergene alteration of salt deposits. From Exploration to Salt Mining. 4.4.1 Exploration and development of salt deposits. 4.4.2 Geological practice in salt mining. Salt: Summary and Further Reading. 397 397 399 405 405 413
425 425 428 430 435 437 437 439 441 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Part III The Practice of Economic Geology 5 5.1 5.2 Geological concepts and methods in the mining cycle: Exploration, exploitation and closure of mines. Synopsis. Economic Considerations. The Search for Mineral Deposits (Exploration). 5.2.1 Pre-exploration stage. 5.2.2 Geological exploration. 5.2.3 Geological remote sensing. 5.2.4 Geochemical exploration. 443 443 444 446 446 448 451 454
x 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Contents 5.2.5 Geophysical exploration. 5.2.6 Trenching and drilling. Development and Valuation of Mineral Deposits. 5.3.1 Geological mapping and sampling. 5.3.2 Ore reserve estimation and determination of grade. 5.3.3 Valuation of mineral deposits. Mining and the Environment. 5.4.1 Potential environmental problems related to mining. 5.4.2 Waste rock, tailings and seepage water. 5.4.3 Mining and climate change. 5.4.4 Mine closure. Deep Geological Disposal of Dangerous Waste. The Practice of Economic Geology: Summary and Further Reading. 460 466 470 470 473 479 481 482 487 488 489 492 495 Part IV Fossil Energy Raw Materials ֊ Coal, Oil and Gas 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7 7.1
Coal. Synopsis. The Substance of Coal. 6.1.1 Coal types, rank and grade. 6.1.2 Petrography of coal: lithotypes and macerais . 6.1.3 The chemical composition of coal. Peat Formation and Coal Deposits. 6.2.1 Types and dimensions of coal seams . 6.2.2 Concordant and discordant clastic sediments in coal seams . 6.2.3 Peat formation environments . 6.2.4 Host rocks of coal. 6.2.5 Marker beds in coal formations . 6.2.6 Coal formation in geological space and time . The Coalification Process . 6.3.1 Biochemical
peatification. 6.3.2 Geochemical coalification. 6.3.3 Measuring the degree of coalification . 6.3.4 Causes of coalification . 6.3.5 Coal maturity and diagenesis of country rocks. Post-Depositional Changes of Coal Seams. 6.4.1 Tectonic deformation. 6.4.2 Epigenetic mineralization of coal seams . 6.4.3 Exogenetic alteration of coal. Applications of Coal Geology. 6.5.1 Exploration. 6.5.2 Reserve estimation . 6.5.3 Coal mining geology. 6.5.4 Environmental aspects of coal mining. Coal: Summary and Further Reading. 500 500 505 505 508 511 519 519 522
522 526 527 528 528 528 530 531 532 535 535 535 536 536 537 537 540 541 543 547 Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits. Synopsis. Species of Natural Bitumens, Gas and Kerogen, and their Properties. 7.1.1 Crude oil, or petroleum. 7.1.2 Natural gas. 7.1.3 Natural gas hydrates (clathrates). 551 551 553 554 556 559
XI Contents 7.1.4 Tar. 7.1.5 Earth wax (ozocerite). 7.1.6 Pyrobitumen. 7.1.7 Natural asphalt. 7.1.8 Kerogen. The Origin of Petroleum and Natural Gas . 7.2.1 Petroleum source rocks. 7.2.2 Dry gas source rocks. 7.2.3 Eogenesis and catagenesis of kerogen. 7.2.4 The oil window. Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits. 7.3.1 Migration. 7.3.2 Conventional and unconventional reservoir rocks . 7.3.3 Petroleum and gas traps. 7.3.4 Formation and reservoir waters
. 7.3.5 Alteration of petroleum in reservoirs (degradation) . 7.3.6 Tectonic environments and age of hydrocarbonprovinces. Exploring for Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits . 7.4.1 Geophysical methods. 7.4.2 Geochemical methods of hydrocarbon exploration. 7.4.3 Exploration drilling. 7.4.4 Geophysical borehole measurements. The Exploitation of Petroleum and Natural Gas Deposits. 7.5.1 Reservoir conditions. 7.5.2 Oil and gasfield development. 7.5.3 Oil and gas production. 7.5.4 Petroleum mining. 7.5.5 Reserve and Resource Estimation. 7.5.6 Post-production uses of oil and gas fields . Tar, Asphalt, Pyrobitumen and Shungite. Immature Oil
Shales. Environmental Aspects of Oil and Gas Production. 7.8.1 Water resources protection. 7.8.2 Subsidence, and induced (man-made) seismic activity. 7.8.3 Hydrocarbons and climate. Hydrocarbons: Summary and Further Reading. 560 560 560 560 560 562 563 565 566 569 570 571 573 575 581 582 583 584 586 587 587 588 592 592 594 596 599 599 601 601 604 605 608 608 609 609 Color Plates. The New Age of Economic Geology - Epilogue. References, General Index, Location Index, Box Titles. This book has a companion website: www.schweizerbart.de 613 645 647 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 |
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| author | Pohl, Walter 1941- |
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| edition | 2nd revised edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV046852836 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:10:30Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:55:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)4053890-4 |
| isbn | 9783510654413 9783510654352 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032261621 |
| oclc_num | 1183721124 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-188 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-703 DE-83 DE-11 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-188 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-703 DE-83 DE-11 DE-634 |
| physical | XI, 755 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Schweizerbart Science Publishers |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Pohl, Walter 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)13620550X aut Mineralische und Energie-Rohstoffe Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits Walter L. Pohl 2nd revised edition Stuttgart Schweizerbart Science Publishers 2020 XI, 755 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lagerstättenkunde (DE-588)4140085-9 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsgeologie (DE-588)4190051-0 gnd rswk-swf economic geology ore deposit ore geology mineral exploration exploitation mineral resources mineral deposit (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Wirtschaftsgeologie (DE-588)4190051-0 s DE-604 Lagerstättenkunde (DE-588)4140085-9 s E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Nägele und Obermiller (DE-588)4053890-4 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-510-65436-9 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=aaf5c9880e8d45debe3a9e4cea84937d&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032261621&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pohl, Walter 1941- Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits Lagerstättenkunde (DE-588)4140085-9 gnd Wirtschaftsgeologie (DE-588)4190051-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4140085-9 (DE-588)4190051-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |
| title_alt | Mineralische und Energie-Rohstoffe |
| title_auth | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |
| title_exact_search | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |
| title_full | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits Walter L. Pohl |
| title_fullStr | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits Walter L. Pohl |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic geology principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits Walter L. Pohl |
| title_short | Economic geology |
| title_sort | economic geology principles and practice metals minerals coal and hydrocarbons introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |
| title_sub | principles and practice : metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons - introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits |
| topic | Lagerstättenkunde (DE-588)4140085-9 gnd Wirtschaftsgeologie (DE-588)4190051-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lagerstättenkunde Wirtschaftsgeologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=aaf5c9880e8d45debe3a9e4cea84937d&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032261621&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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