The unknowable: a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics
W.J. Mander presents a history of metaphysics in nineteenth-century Britain. The story focuses on the elaboration of, and differing reactions to, the concept of the unknowable or unconditioned, first developed by Sir William Hamilton in the 1829. The idea of an ultimate but unknowable way that thing...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Oxord University Press
2020
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | W.J. Mander presents a history of metaphysics in nineteenth-century Britain. The story focuses on the elaboration of, and differing reactions to, the concept of the unknowable or unconditioned, first developed by Sir William Hamilton in the 1829. The idea of an ultimate but unknowable way that things really are in themselves may be seen as supplying a narrative arc that runs right through the metaphysical systems of the period in question. These thought schemes may be divided into three broad groups which were roughly consecutive in their emergence but also overlapping as they continued to develop. In the first instance there were the doctrines of the agnostics who developed further Hamilton's basic idea that fundamental reality lies for the great part beyond our cognitive reach. These philosophies were followed immediately by those of the empiricists and, in the last third of the century, the idealists: both of these schools of thought-albeit in profoundly different ways-reacted against the epistemic pessimism of the agnostics. Mander offers close textual readings of the main contributions to First Philosophy made by the key philosophers of the period (such as Hamilton, Mansel, Spencer, Mill, and Bradley) as well as some less well known figures (such as Bain, Clifford, Shadworth Hodgson, Ferrier, and John Grote). By presenting, interpreting, criticising, and connecting together their various contrasting ideas, this book explains how the three traditions developed and interacted with one another to comprise the history of metaphysics in Victorian Britain. |
| Beschreibung: | vii, 316 Seiten Porträts 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780198809531 |
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| adam_text | Contents List of Illustrations ix Introduction і Part I The Unconditioned 1. Sir William Hamilton 1.1. The Way of‘Learned Ignorance’ 1.2. The Relativity of Knowledge 1.3. The Law of the Conditioned 1.4. Common Sense and the Existence of the Unconditioned 1.5. Hamilton and Kant 1.6. Substance and Adjective 1.7. Space and Time 1.8. Causality 1.9. The Question of Free Will 1.10. God 1.11. Concluding Remarks 9 12 13 17 20 23 24 26 28 32 32 34 2. Henry Longueville Mansei 2.1. The Philosophy of Kant 2.2. Negative Reason: The Impossibility of Thinking of God 2.3. Positive Reason: Belief in the Existence of God 2.4. Theology, Revelation, and Faith 2.5. Mill’s Objections to Mansei 2.6. Space and Time 2.7. Substance, Mind, and Matter 2.8. Causality and Freedom 2.9. Concluding Remarks 36 37 40 46 48 51 52 53 56 58 3. Herbert Spencer 3.1. Spencer’s Epistemology 3.2. The Religion of the Unknowable 3.3. Science and the Unknowable 3.4. Space, Time, and Matter 3.5. Force and Causation 3.6. Spencer’s Psychology 3.7. Concluding Remarks 59 61 66 71 74 76 79 82 4. Thomas Henry Huxley 4.1. Agnosticism and Metaphysics 4.2. Agnosticism and Epistemology 4.3. Huxley on God 4.4. Huxley on Causation 4.5. Huxley on the External World 83 85 86 92 93 95
VI CONTENTS 4.6. Huxley on the Self 4.7. Evolution and Ethics 97 100 Part II Empiricist Objections 5. John Stuart Mill 5.1. Mill’s Empiricism and His Attitude towards the Unknowable 5.2. MUI on Time and Space 5.3. Mill on Matter (Phenomenalism) 5.4. Mill on the Self 5.5. Mill on Causation 5.6. Mill on Free Will 5.7. Mill on Laws 5.8. Mill on God and Religion 105 105 112 114 117 120 122 124 126 6. Alexander Bain and George Croom Robertson 6.1. Alexander Bain 6.2. Bain’s Empiricism 6.3. Time and Space 6.4. Phenomenalism and the External World 6.5. Causation, Uniformity, and Force 6.6. The Self, the Mind-Body Relation, and Human Freedom 6.7. Things-in-Themselves 6.8. George Croom Robertson 6.9. Methodological Considerations 6.10. Metaphysical Considerations 130 130 132 135 136 139 141 144 145 147 149 7. Shadworth Hollway Hodgson and William Kingdon Clifford 7.1. The Metaphysical Society 7.2. Shadworth Hodgson 7.3. Hodgson’s Methodology 7.4. Causality 7.5. Demonstration of the Material Universe 7.6. Things-in-Themselves 7.7. The Unseen Universe 7.8. William Kingdon Clifford 7.9. Phenomenalism 7.10. Causality 7.11. The Unknowable and Religion 7.12. Clifford’s Metaphysics 152 152 153 155 156 158 160 162 166 168 169 171 172 8. G. H. Lewes and Karl Pearson 8.1. G. H. Lewes 8.2. Three Examples of Empirical Metaphysics 8.3. Metempirics and the Unknowable 8.4. Karl Pearson 8.5. Pearson and the Centrality of Sense-Impressions 8.6. Some Examples of Pearson’s Reductionism 8.7. Scientism 8.8. Agnosticism and Metaphysics 178 178 185 190 192 194 196 199 201
CONTENTS Vii Part III Idealist Objections 9. James Frederick Ferner 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. 9.6. 9.7. Transitional Comments Ferrier Ferrier’s Conception of Ignorance Ferrier’s Conception of the Contradictory Relative vs Objective Contradiction Ferrier’s Positive System Ferrier and British Idealism 10. John Grote and James Hutchison Stirling 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 10.8. 10.9. 10.10. John Grote The Method of Philosophy The Subject, Idealism, and the Scale of Sensations Things-in-Themselves Notionalism/Relativism James Hutchison Stirling and The Secret of Hegel Religion and the Infinite Externality Protoplasm, Materialism, and Agnosticism Hume, Kant, and Causality 11. The British Idealists 11.1. 11.2. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 11.6. 11.7. John Caird and the Unknowable John Caird on the Growth of Reason Edward Caird Edward Caird on the Infinite Edward Caird contra Spencer’s Dual-Aspect Theory Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison Henry Jones 12. F. H. Bradley 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.4. 12.5. 12.6. 12.7. 12.8. 12.9. 12.10. Bradley’s Critique of Empiricism Bradley’s Critique of the Association of Ideas Bradley’s Critique of Things-in-Themselves Bradley’s Critique of Correspondence Theory Bradley on the Relativity of Knowledge Bradley, Collingwood, and Mansei Bradley, the Idealist Heretic Feeling Degrees of Truth and Reality Concluding Comments Bibliography Index 207 207 209 212 215 220 224 226 229 229 231 233 237 241 242 246 247 251 251 255 255 259 261 265 267 268 273 278 278 281 282 284 286 288 293 295 296 298 301 313
|
| adam_txt |
Contents List of Illustrations ix Introduction і Part I The Unconditioned 1. Sir William Hamilton 1.1. The Way of‘Learned Ignorance’ 1.2. The Relativity of Knowledge 1.3. The Law of the Conditioned 1.4. Common Sense and the Existence of the Unconditioned 1.5. Hamilton and Kant 1.6. Substance and Adjective 1.7. Space and Time 1.8. Causality 1.9. The Question of Free Will 1.10. God 1.11. Concluding Remarks 9 12 13 17 20 23 24 26 28 32 32 34 2. Henry Longueville Mansei 2.1. The Philosophy of Kant 2.2. Negative Reason: The Impossibility of Thinking of God 2.3. Positive Reason: Belief in the Existence of God 2.4. Theology, Revelation, and Faith 2.5. Mill’s Objections to Mansei 2.6. Space and Time 2.7. Substance, Mind, and Matter 2.8. Causality and Freedom 2.9. Concluding Remarks 36 37 40 46 48 51 52 53 56 58 3. Herbert Spencer 3.1. Spencer’s Epistemology 3.2. The Religion of the Unknowable 3.3. Science and the Unknowable 3.4. Space, Time, and Matter 3.5. Force and Causation 3.6. Spencer’s Psychology 3.7. Concluding Remarks 59 61 66 71 74 76 79 82 4. Thomas Henry Huxley 4.1. Agnosticism and Metaphysics 4.2. Agnosticism and Epistemology 4.3. Huxley on God 4.4. Huxley on Causation 4.5. Huxley on the External World 83 85 86 92 93 95
VI CONTENTS 4.6. Huxley on the Self 4.7. Evolution and Ethics 97 100 Part II Empiricist Objections 5. John Stuart Mill 5.1. Mill’s Empiricism and His Attitude towards the Unknowable 5.2. MUI on Time and Space 5.3. Mill on Matter (Phenomenalism) 5.4. Mill on the Self 5.5. Mill on Causation 5.6. Mill on Free Will 5.7. Mill on Laws 5.8. Mill on God and Religion 105 105 112 114 117 120 122 124 126 6. Alexander Bain and George Croom Robertson 6.1. Alexander Bain 6.2. Bain’s Empiricism 6.3. Time and Space 6.4. Phenomenalism and the External World 6.5. Causation, Uniformity, and Force 6.6. The Self, the Mind-Body Relation, and Human Freedom 6.7. Things-in-Themselves 6.8. George Croom Robertson 6.9. Methodological Considerations 6.10. Metaphysical Considerations 130 130 132 135 136 139 141 144 145 147 149 7. Shadworth Hollway Hodgson and William Kingdon Clifford 7.1. The Metaphysical Society 7.2. Shadworth Hodgson 7.3. Hodgson’s Methodology 7.4. Causality 7.5. Demonstration of the Material Universe 7.6. Things-in-Themselves 7.7. The Unseen Universe 7.8. William Kingdon Clifford 7.9. Phenomenalism 7.10. Causality 7.11. The Unknowable and Religion 7.12. Clifford’s Metaphysics 152 152 153 155 156 158 160 162 166 168 169 171 172 8. G. H. Lewes and Karl Pearson 8.1. G. H. Lewes 8.2. Three Examples of Empirical Metaphysics 8.3. Metempirics and the Unknowable 8.4. Karl Pearson 8.5. Pearson and the Centrality of Sense-Impressions 8.6. Some Examples of Pearson’s Reductionism 8.7. Scientism 8.8. Agnosticism and Metaphysics 178 178 185 190 192 194 196 199 201
CONTENTS Vii Part III Idealist Objections 9. James Frederick Ferner 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. 9.6. 9.7. Transitional Comments Ferrier Ferrier’s Conception of Ignorance Ferrier’s Conception of the Contradictory Relative vs Objective Contradiction Ferrier’s Positive System Ferrier and British Idealism 10. John Grote and James Hutchison Stirling 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 10.8. 10.9. 10.10. John Grote The Method of Philosophy The Subject, Idealism, and the Scale of Sensations Things-in-Themselves Notionalism/Relativism James Hutchison Stirling and The Secret of Hegel Religion and the Infinite Externality Protoplasm, Materialism, and Agnosticism Hume, Kant, and Causality 11. The British Idealists 11.1. 11.2. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 11.6. 11.7. John Caird and the Unknowable John Caird on the Growth of Reason Edward Caird Edward Caird on the Infinite Edward Caird contra Spencer’s Dual-Aspect Theory Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison Henry Jones 12. F. H. Bradley 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.4. 12.5. 12.6. 12.7. 12.8. 12.9. 12.10. Bradley’s Critique of Empiricism Bradley’s Critique of the Association of Ideas Bradley’s Critique of Things-in-Themselves Bradley’s Critique of Correspondence Theory Bradley on the Relativity of Knowledge Bradley, Collingwood, and Mansei Bradley, the Idealist Heretic Feeling Degrees of Truth and Reality Concluding Comments Bibliography Index 207 207 209 212 215 220 224 226 229 229 231 233 237 241 242 246 247 251 251 255 255 259 261 265 267 268 273 278 278 281 282 284 286 288 293 295 296 298 301 313 |
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| spelling | Mander, William 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1013662911 aut The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics W. J. Mander First edition Oxford Oxord University Press 2020 vii, 316 Seiten Porträts 24 cm txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier W.J. Mander presents a history of metaphysics in nineteenth-century Britain. The story focuses on the elaboration of, and differing reactions to, the concept of the unknowable or unconditioned, first developed by Sir William Hamilton in the 1829. The idea of an ultimate but unknowable way that things really are in themselves may be seen as supplying a narrative arc that runs right through the metaphysical systems of the period in question. These thought schemes may be divided into three broad groups which were roughly consecutive in their emergence but also overlapping as they continued to develop. In the first instance there were the doctrines of the agnostics who developed further Hamilton's basic idea that fundamental reality lies for the great part beyond our cognitive reach. These philosophies were followed immediately by those of the empiricists and, in the last third of the century, the idealists: both of these schools of thought-albeit in profoundly different ways-reacted against the epistemic pessimism of the agnostics. Mander offers close textual readings of the main contributions to First Philosophy made by the key philosophers of the period (such as Hamilton, Mansel, Spencer, Mill, and Bradley) as well as some less well known figures (such as Bain, Clifford, Shadworth Hodgson, Ferrier, and John Grote). By presenting, interpreting, criticising, and connecting together their various contrasting ideas, this book explains how the three traditions developed and interacted with one another to comprise the history of metaphysics in Victorian Britain. Geschichte 1800-1900 gnd rswk-swf Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Metaphysics / History / 19th century Knowledge, Theory of / Great Britain / History / 19th century Philosophers / Great Britain Knowledge, Theory of Metaphysics Philosophers Great Britain 1800-1899 History Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 s Geschichte 1800-1900 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-184687-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032246325&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mander, William 1964- The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038936-4 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics |
| title_auth | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics |
| title_exact_search | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics |
| title_full | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics W. J. Mander |
| title_fullStr | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics W. J. Mander |
| title_full_unstemmed | The unknowable a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics W. J. Mander |
| title_short | The unknowable |
| title_sort | the unknowable a study in nineteenth century british metaphysics |
| title_sub | a study in nineteenth-century British metaphysics |
| topic | Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Metaphysik Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032246325&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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