Legacy of blood: Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets
"Pogroms and blood libels constitute the two classical and most extreme manifestations of tsarist antisemitism. They were often closely intertwined in history and memory, not least because the accusation of blood libel, the allegation that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for r...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Pogroms and blood libels constitute the two classical and most extreme manifestations of tsarist antisemitism. They were often closely intertwined in history and memory, not least because the accusation of blood libel, the allegation that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for ritual purposes, frequently triggered anti-Jewish violence. Such events were and are considered central to the Jewish experience in late tsarist Russia, the only country on earth with large scale anti-Jewish violence in the early twentieth century. Boasting its break from the tsarist period, the Soviet regime proudly claimed to have eradicated these forms of antisemitism. But, alas, life was much more complicated. The phenomenon and the memory of pogroms and blood libels in different areas of interwar Soviet Union-including Ukraine, Belorussia, Russia and Central Asia-as well as, after World War II, in the newly annexed territories of Lithuania, Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia are a reminder of continuities in the midst of revolutionary ruptures. The persistence, the permutation, and the responses to anti-Jewish violence and memories of violence suggest that Soviet Jews (and non-Jews alike) cohabited with a legacy of blood that did not vanish. This book traces the "afterlife" of these extreme manifestations of antisemitism in the USSR, and in doing so sheds light on the broader question of the changing position of Jews in Soviet society. One notable rupture in manifestations of antisemitism from tsarist to Soviet times included the virtual disappearance-at least during the interwar period-of the tight link between pogroms and blood allegations, indeed a common feature in the waves of anti-Jewish violence that erupted during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." -- |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 207-226 |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 238 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780190466459 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "Pogroms and blood libels constitute the two classical and most extreme manifestations of tsarist antisemitism. They were often closely intertwined in history and memory, not least because the accusation of blood libel, the allegation that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for ritual purposes, frequently triggered anti-Jewish violence. Such events were and are considered central to the Jewish experience in late tsarist Russia, the only country on earth with large scale anti-Jewish violence in the early twentieth century. Boasting its break from the tsarist period, the Soviet regime proudly claimed to have eradicated these forms of antisemitism. But, alas, life was much more complicated. The phenomenon and the memory of pogroms and blood libels in different areas of interwar Soviet Union-including Ukraine, Belorussia, Russia and Central Asia-as well as, after World War II, in the newly annexed territories of Lithuania, Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia are a reminder of continuities in the midst of revolutionary ruptures. The persistence, the permutation, and the responses to anti-Jewish violence and memories of violence suggest that Soviet Jews (and non-Jews alike) cohabited with a legacy of blood that did not vanish. This book traces the "afterlife" of these extreme manifestations of antisemitism in the USSR, and in doing so sheds light on the broader question of the changing position of Jews in Soviet society. One notable rupture in manifestations of antisemitism from tsarist to Soviet times included the virtual disappearance-at least during the interwar period-of the tight link between pogroms and blood allegations, indeed a common feature in the waves of anti-Jewish violence that erupted during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." -- | |
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| adam_text | THE MOST EXTREME LEGACIES OF TSARIST ANTISEMITISM
WERE POGROMS AND BLOOD LIBELS. THESE EVENTS
WERE CENTRAL TO THE JEWISH EXPERIENCE IN LATE
TSARIST
RUSSIA,
THE ONLY COUNTRY WITH WIDESPREAD
ANTI-JEWISH VIOLENCE IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
AFTER
THE SOVIETS CAME TO POWER, THEY
CLAIMED
THAT THEY HAD ELIMINATED BOTH THESE
PHENOMENA. IN THIS REVELATORY BOOK,
ELISSA
BEMPORAD DEMONSTRATES THAT THE SOVIETS CLAIM
WAS PART PROPAGANDA, PART REALITY.
IN
THE FIFTY-YEAR-SPAN FROM THE BOLSHEVIK
REVOLUTION
TO THE EARLY YEARS OF KRUSHCHEV,
A
LIVING GENERATION OF
JEWS
AND NON-JEWS
ALIKE
VIVIDLY REMEMBERED THE VIOLENCE OF THE
PREREVOLUTIONARY YEARS, INCLUDING THE BEILIS AFFAIR
(THE 1913
TRIAL
OF MENDEL BEILIS ON CHARGES OF
MURDERING
A
UKRAINIAN
CHILD FOR RITUAL PURPOSES),
AND
THE HORRIFIC POGROMS OF THE RUSSIAN
CIVIL
WAR
OF
1917-21
(WHICH LED TO THE DEATH OF
AS
MANY AS
150,000
JEWS). BEMPORAD EXAMINES THE
WAYS
IN
WHICH
JEWS
REACTED TO AND REMEMBERED THE
UNPRECEDENTED VIOLENCE OF THE POGROMS, AND THE
STRATEGIES THEY ADOPTED TO CONFRONT ACCUSATIONS OF
RITUAL
MURDER.
CONTRARY TO OFFICIAL SOVIET CLAIMS, THERE
WERE NUMEROUS BLOOD
LIBEL
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST
JEWS
IN THE USSR, AND THE RESPONSE TO THEM
BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES RANGED FROM INDIFFERENCE
TO ENDORSEMENT TO FIERCE CONDEMNATION. SOVIET
POGROMS WERE INDEED A RARITY, AND FOR DECADES
JEWS
ACKNOWLEDGED THE RED ARMY AS THEIR SAVIORS
FROM THE POGROMS OF THE
CIVIL
WAR. BUT POGROMS
SPIKED
IN THE USSR IN THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH OF
WORLD WAR
II.
BY TRACING THE AFTERLIFE OF POGROMS AND
BLOOD LIBELS IN THE USSR, LEGACY
OF
BLOOD
SHEDS
LIGHT ON THE BROADER QUESTION OF THE CHANGING
POSITION
OF
JEWS
IN SOVIET SOCIETY. IN DOING SO,
BEMPORAD TELLS THE STORY OF THE EVER-CHANGING
AND
AT TIMES AMBIVALENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE SOVIET STATE AND THE JEWISH MINORITY GROUP.
IT
ALSO ADDRESSES QUESTIONS OF HATRED AGAINST
JEWS,
QUESTIONS THAT HELP US BETTER UNDERSTAND
CONTEMPORARY ANTISEMITISM IN EUROPE AND THE
UNITED
STATES.
ELISSA
BEMPORAD
IS ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR OF
HISTORY
AT QUEENS COLLEGE AND THE
GRADUATE CENTER * CUNY AND JERRY AND WILLIAM
UNGAR CHAIR IN EAST EUROPEAN JEWISH HISTORY
AND
THE HOLOCAUST AT QUEENS COLLEGE. SHE IS THE
AUTHOR OF
BECOMING
SOVIET
JEWS:
THE BOLSHEVIK
EXPERIMENT
IN
MINSK, WHICH WON THE NATIONAL
JEWISH BOOK AWARD AND THE FRAENKEL PRIZE IN
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY. SHE IS CO-EDITOR OF
WOMEN
AND
GENOCIDE:
SURVIVORS, VICTIMS,
PERPETRATORS.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX
A
NOTE
ON
TRANSLITERATION
XIII
INTRODUCTION:
FROM
BLOOD
LEGACIES
TO BLOODLANDS
1
1
THE
POGROMS
OF
THE
CIVIL
WAR AND THE SOVIET-JEWISH ALLIANCE
14
2
THE
AFTERLIFE
OF
THE
BEILIS
AFFAIR:
THE
BLOOD
LIBEL
IN
THE SOVIET
UNION
35
3
THE
POGROMS AS SOVIET (JEWISH)
SITES
OF
MEMORY
57
4
HOW
THE
RITUAL
MURDER
ACCUSATION
PERSISTED IN
THE SOVIET LANDSCAPE
88
5
MYTH AND REALITY:
THE
ABSENCE
OF
THE POGROMIN THE LANDS
OF
THE SOVIETS
107
6
FROM
CANNIBALISM TO
POLITICAL
MURDER: MODERN PERMUTATIONS
OF
THE
BLOOD
LIBEL
126
CONCLUSION:
BETWEEN MEMORY AND
OBLIVION
147
NOTES
155
SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
207
INDEX
227
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People (CAHJP), Jerusalem, Israel F30 Russia (A, Rafaeli-Zenzipper Collection) Derzhavniy arkhiv Lvivskoi oblasti (DALO), Lviv, Ukraine Fond R-239 Prokuratura Lvovskoi oblasti Prokuratury USSR, Sledstvenniy otdel Gosudarstvenniy arkhiv Kievskoi oblasti (GAKO) (Derzhavnyi arkhyv Kiyvskoi oblasti), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 3050, Kievskaia raionnaia komissia Evreiskogo obshchestvennogo komiteta po okazaniiu pomoshchi postradavshim ot pogromov Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv rossiiskoi federatsii (GARF), Moscow, Russia Fond 296, Komitet pro prosveshcheniiu natsionalnikh menshchinstv pri Narkompros RSFSR (Komnats RSFSR) Institute for Jewish Research Archives (YIVO), New York RG 80, Mizrakh Yidisher Historisher Arkhiv (Elias Tcherikower Collection) RG 89, Gunzburg, Bron Horace de (Naftali Herz) RG 222, Institut der NSDAP zur Erforschung der Judenfrage RG 347.7.1, American Jewish Committee, Foreign Affairs Department, Foreign countries RG 358, Rosen, Joseph. Papers, 1921-1938 Joint Distribution Committee Archives ( JDC), New York Collection 21/32 Russia Collection 45-64 Poland, USSR Records of the New York Office of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1921-1932 Lietuvos Ypatingasis Archyvas (LYA) (Lithuanian Special Archives, Section of KGB Documents), Vilnius, Lithuania Fond 1, Security Committee (KGB) of Lithuania SSR Fond 11, Ministry of Interior of the Lithuanian SSR (NKVD-MVD)
208 · Selected Bibliography Tsentralnyi derzhavniy arkhyv gromadskikh obednan Ukrainy (TsDAGOU), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 1, Tsentralniy komitet kompartii Ukrainy Tsentralniy derzhavniy arkhyv-muzei literaturi i mistetstva Ukraini (TsDAMLM Ukraini), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 767, Kagan Abram Yakovlevich, evreiskii sovetskii pisatel Tsentralnyi derzhavniy arkhyv vishikh organiv vladi ta upravlinnia Ukrainy (TsDAVOU), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 413, Tsentralnaia komissia natsionalnikh menshinstv pri VUTsIK (TsKNM) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives (USHMM), Washington, DC RG-31.018M, Postwar War Crimes Trials related to the Holocaust, 1945-1970 RG-31.026M, Selected Records from the former archives of the Communist Party of Ukraine, 1941-1950 RG-31.057M, Documents of the Kiev Oblast Commission for Relief to Victims of pogroms RG-31.060M, Selected Records related to the history of the Jews in the Zhytomir re gion of Ukraine, 1917-1957 RG-50.226, 50.477, Oral histories Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 50, Mykolą Leontovych Music Society NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS Bezbozhnik u Stanka Der ernes Der moment Der shtern Der veker Evreiskaia starina Evreiskii krestianin Haynt He-avar Istoricheskie zapiski Izvestiia Jewish Telegraphic Agency Komune Komunistishefon Krigerisher apikoyres Lubliner tagblat Oktyabr Pravda Revoliutsiia i tserkov: ezhemesiachnyi zhurnal
Selected Bibliography · 209 Robitnik poltavshchini Sovetish heyndand Tribuna evreiskoi sovetskoi obshchestvennosti Tsaytshrift. Ukrainskyi kurer Yunger arbeter Yunger leninets Zviazda PERSONAL INTERVIEWS Esfir Bramson, Vilnius, October 2010 Arye and Sofia Dranovsky, New York City, May 2018 Hannah Rosenthal, New York City, May 2018 PRIMARY SOURCES Afanasev, Iurii Nikolaevich, and V. P. Kozlov, eds. Istoriia stalinskogo gulaga; konets 1920-kh—pervaia polovina 1950-kh godov: sobrante dokumentov v semi tomakh. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2004. Agurskii, Samuil. Evreiskii rabochii v komunisticheskom dvizhenii (1917-1921). Minsk: Gos. izd. Belorussii, 1926. Altshuler, Mordechai, Arad Itskhak, and Shmuel Krakovskii, eds. Sovetskie evreipishut Ilie Erenburgu, 1943-1966. Jerusalem: Center for Research and Documentation of East European Jewry at Hebrew University, 1995. APPO Leningradskogo oblastkoma VKP(b). Na borbu s antisemitizmom: materiały dita agitátorov i besedchikov. Leningrad: APPO Len. obk., 1929. Barkovskii, M. Chto nado znat kazhdomu о khristianskom i evreiskom prazdnikepaskhi. Novgorod: Novgor. okruzh. izdat., 1928. Beevor, Antony, and Luba Vinogradova, eds.A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941-1945. New York: Pantheon Books, 2005. Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir. Krovavyi navet na khristian. Petrograd: Zhizn i znanie, 1918. Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir. Znamenie vremeni: ubiistvo Andreta lushchinskogo і deh Beilisa. Vpechatleniia kievskogoprotsessa. St. Petersburg: Zhizn i znanie, 1914. Budovnits, L, ed. Protsess Shvartsbarda vparizhskom sude. Leningrad: Krasnaia gazeta,
1928. Chamy, Daniel. Ayortsendlik aza, 1914-1924. New York: Tsiko Bikher farlag, 1943. Comité des delegations juives. The Pogroms in the Ukraine Under the Ukrainian Governments (1917-1920): Historical Survey with Documents and Photographs. London: J. Bale and Danielsson, 1927. Dimanshtein, Shimon, ed. Yidn infssr: Zamlbukh. Moscow: Der emes, 1935. Dmitrev, D. Krovavyi navet і khristianskaia tserkov. Moscow: Gos. izdat., 1932.
210 · Selected Bibliography Dobun, E. Pravda o evreiakh. Leningrad: Krasnaia gazeta, 1928. Draitser, Emil. Shush l Growing UpJewish Under Stalin: A Memoir. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. Dubnow, Simon M. Kniga zhizni: Materiały dlia istorii moego vremeni: vospominaniia і razmyshUniia. St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie, 1998. Dubnow, Simon M., and Grigory I. Krasnyi-Admony, eds. Materiały dlia istorii antievreiskikh pogromov v Rossit. Vol. 1. Petrograd: Kadimah, Istorikoetnograficheskoe obshchestvo, 1919. Edison, Jerzy. My Four Years in Soviet Russia. Translated by Maurice Wolfthal. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2013. Ehrenburg, Ilya. Burnaia zhizn Łazika Roytshvantsa. Munich: Fink, 1974. Ehrenburg, Ilya. Liudy, gody, zhizn: Vospominaniia v trekh tomakh. 3 vols. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel, 1990. Ehrenburgf, Ilya, and Vasily Grossman, eds. The Complete Black Book ofRussian Jewry. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 2002. Engel, David, ed. The Assassination of Symon Petliura and the Trial of Scholem Schwarzbard, 1926-1927: A Selection ofDocuments (Archive ofJewish History and Culture, voi. 2). Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck Sc Ruprecht, 2016. Evobshchestkom. Pogromy, uchinennye belopoliakami: ofitsialnye dokumenty, obsledovaniia, і svidetelskiepokazania. Moscow, 1921. Evrei, klassovaia borba ipogromy. Kharkov: Izdaníe Khark. otd. ukrainsk, tsentr. agent. po snabzh. і rasprostran. proizved. pechati, 1919. Evreiskiipogrom na zavode “Novki. ”Vitebsk: Izdanie vitebskogogubvoenrevkoma, 1920. Faygnberg, Rakhil. Letopis mertvogogoroda. Leningrad:
Priboi, 1928. Faygnberg, BsMA.Apinkesfun a toytershtot (khurbn Dubove). Warsaw: Akhisefer, 1926. Faygnberg, Rokhl. Untern hamer. Tel Aviv: Beiamei zeam, 1942. Frumkina, Mariia (Ester). Doloi ravvinov. Moscow: Krasnaia nov, 1923. Fuchs, Eduard. DieJuden in der Karikatur: Ein Beitrag zur Kulturgeschichte. Munich: Albert Langen, 1921. Galant, Ilia. Dva ritualnikh protsessa: po aktam Kievskogo tsentralnogo arkhiva. Kiev: Tip. Kiev pechat, 1924. Gessen, Iulii. “Ritualnye protsessy 1816 goda.” Evreiskaia starina 4, no. 2 (1912): 144-63. Giebov, V. Sovremennyi antisemitizm i borba s піт. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia, 1927. Głowiński, Michal. TheBUck Seasons. Translated byMarci Shore. Chicago : Northwestern University Press, 2005. Goldberg, Ben Zion. Yidn in ratnfarband: zeyer lage, zeyereprobhmen, zeyer tsukunfi. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1965. Goldman, Emma. My Disillusionment in Russia. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1923. Gorev, M. Protiv antisemitov: ocherki і zarisovki. Moscow, Leningrad: Gos. izdat, 1928. Gusev-Orenburskii, Sergei I. Bagrovaia kniga. Pogromy 1919-1920 gg. na Ukraine. Harbin: DEKOPO, 1922.
Selected Bibliography Gusev-Orenburskii, Sergei I. Kniga 0 · 211 evreiskikh pogromakh na Ukraine v 1919 g. Petrograd, n.d. Heifetz, Elias. The Slaughter of the Jews in the Ukraine in 1919. New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1921. Heilikman, Tuvia. Geshikhtejun der gezelshaftlekher bavegungfun di yidn in Poyln un Rusland. Moscow: Tsentraler farlag far di felker fun FSSR, 1926. Hodoshevitsh, K., S. Yofe, and M. Mogilnitski. Undzer royte heym: arbet-bukh af gezehhaftkentenishfarn 4tn lernyor. Moscow: Tsentraler felker farlagfun FSSR, 1931. Kantor, L. M. Tuzemnye evrei v Uzbekistane. Samarkand: Uzbek, gos. izdat. UzSSR, 1929. Khanin, Nokhem. Soviet rusland: vi ikh hob irgezen. New York: Farlag Veker, 1929. Khurbn Proskurov: tsum ondenken fun di heylike neshomes vos zaynen umgekumen in der shreklekher shkhite vos iz ongefirt gevornfun di Haydamakes. New York: Levant Press, 1924. Khvolson, Daniil A. 0 nekotorikh srednevekovikh obvineniakhprotiv evreev: istoricheskoe issledovanie po istochnikam. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Tsederbauma і Goldenbliuma, 1880. Kilimnik, L. I., ed. Kommunisticheskaia vlastprotiv religii Moiseia: Dokumenty 19201937і 1945-1953gg. Vinnitsa: “Khrani i pomni,” 2005. Kipnis, Itsik. Khadoshim un teg: a khronik. Kaev: Kultur-Lige, 1926. Kiselev, G. I. O kreshchenii і obrezanii. Moscow: Ogiz, 1937. Kostyrchenko, Gennady, ed. Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm v SSSR ot nachala do kulminatsii, 1938-1953. Moscow: Materik, 2005. Kychko, Trofim. Iudaizm bezprykras. Kyiv: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1963. Lagarf, P. Obrezanie: Ego sotsialnoe і religioznoeznachenie. Moscow:
KrasnaiaNov, 1923. Lagovier, N. Antisemitizm i borba s піт. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe iuridicheskoe izdatelstvo, 1930. Larin, Yuri. Evrei і antisemitizm v SSSR. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstvo, 1929. Ledat, G. Antisemitizm i antisemity: voprosy i otvety. Leningrad: Priboi, 1929. Leneman, Leon. La tragèdie desJuifs en U.R.S.S. Paris: Desclée De Brouwer, 1959. Lenin, Vladimir. Lenin Collected Works. Voi. 20. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972. Leningradskii, S. Kto і za ehto ustraival pogromy nad evreiami. Moscow: Krasnaia nov, 1924. Liadov, L. О vrazhde k evreiam. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1927. Maleev, A. F. Tridtsatsdnei evreiskogopogroma v m. Krivoe-Ozero: Iz lichnykh nabliudenii і perezhivanii russkogo uchitelia. Odessa: Izdanie odessogo gub. otdela narodnogo obrazovaniia, 1920. Margolis, Osher. Yidishe folksmasn in kamf kegn zeyere unterdriker. Moscow: Der emes, 194ο. Miliakova, L. В. Kniga pogromov: pogromy na Ukraine, v Belorussii i evropeiskoi ehasti Rossii v periodgrazhdanskoi voiny, 1918-1922. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2007. Nir-Rafalkes, N. Ershteyorn. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1960.
212 · Selected Bibliography Osherovich, Mendi. Shtetun shtetlekh in Ukraine un in andere teylnխո Rusland:forshung in yidisher geshikhte un yidiskn lebnsshteyger. 2 vols. New York: M. Osherovich yubiley komitet, 1948. Ostrovskii, L. Diyidn in Ratnfarband. Paris: Undzer eynikayt, 1949. Ostrovskii, Zalman S., ed. Evreiskiepogromy, 1918-1921. Moscow: Shkola і kniga, 1926. Polishchuk, Tamara, ed. Stolytsia vidchaiu: Holodomor 1932-1933 rr. na kharkivshchyni vustamy ochevydtsiv: svidchennia, komentari. Kharkiv: “Berezil,” Vydavnytstvo M.P. Kots, 2006. Polnyi stenografisheskii otchet Kutaisskago dela. St. Petersburg: Tip. Tsederbauma і Goldenbliuma, 1879. Program far gezelshafikentenish in di yidishe zibnyorike shuln. Minsk: Folkombild fun Vaysrusland, 1928. Programfun der yidisher shprakh un literaturfarn 1 un II kontsenterխո der zibnyoriker sovetisher politekhnisher shul (shtotisher, fabrik-zavodisher un kolvirtisher shul) un metodiske onvayzungen էտս dem. Minsk: Gezelshaftkentenish in di yidishe zibnyorike shuln, tsveyter kontsenter, 1928. Programխո yidish un literaturfar zibnyoriker shul mit metodiske brio էտս der program. Minsk: Folkombild fun Vaysrusland, 1927. Programfun der yidisher shprakh un literaturfarn I un II kontsenterfun der zibnyoriker sovetisher politekhnisher shul (shtotisher, fabrik-zavodisher un kolvirtisher shul) un metodishe onvayzungen tsu dem. Moscow: Tsentraler felker farlag, 1930. Program խո gezehhaßkentenish far I-IV lemyor in der politekhnisher shul. KharkovKiev: Folkskomisariat far bildung Ukraine, 1932. Rabinovich, S. Istorila grazhdanskoi voiny:
Kratkii ocherk. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe sotsialno-ekonomicheskoe izdatelstvo, 1935. Rafes, Yulian. Derogami moei sudby: vostochnaia Evropa XX vek: shtrikhi zhizni v vospominaniiakh vracha. Baltimore, MD: VIA Press, 1997. Railein, Ben-Ari. Ha-bimah. Chicago: L. M. Shtayn, 1937. Rapoport, Yakov. The Doctors’ Plot of1953: A Survivor s Memoir ofStalin s Last Act of Terror AgainstJews and Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991. Revutsky, Abraham. In di shvere teg oyf Ukraine: zikhroynes խո a yidishn minister. Berlin: Yidisher literarisher farlag, 1924. Riklin, H. “Chekistn.” Di royte velt 1, no. 2 (January-February 1-2) (1931): 56-76. Rindziunski, Alexander. Húrban Vilna. Lohamei ha-getaot, Israel: Beit lohamei ha-getaot, 1987. Rolnikaite, Masha. Doroga domoi. Moscow: Svidetel, 2016. Rosenthal, Eliezer David. Megilat ha-tevah. Homer le-divreiyemei ha-peraot veha-tevah ba-yehudim be-Ukrainah, be-rusyah ha-gedolah uve-Rusyah ka-levanah. 3 vols. Jerusalem, Tel Aviv: Havurah, 1927-1931. Rozental, Nisn. Yidish Ubn in ratnfarband. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1971. Ruslan, Pyrih, ed. Holodomor 1932-1933 rokiv v Ukraini: Dokumenty i materiały. Kyiv: KMA, 2007.
Selected Bibliography · 21 з Rybin, Alexei T. Stalin i delo vrachei: Zapiski svideteliia. Moscow: Gudok, 1995. Ryvkin, Miron. “Velizhskoe delo v osveshchenii mestnykh predanu i pamiatnikov.” Perezhitoe 3 (1911): 69-81. Samuel, Maurice. Blood Accusation: The Strange History of the Beilis Case. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1966. Sandormirskii, Yuri. Puti antisemitizma v Rossit. Moscow: Gosudarstevnnoe izdatelstvo, 1928. Semashko, N. Kto ipochemu trávit evreev. Moscow: Ogiz, 1926. Schramm, Helmut. Der Jüdische Ritualmord: Eine Historische Untersuchung. Berlin: Theodore Fritsch Varlag, 1943. Shaporina, Liubov V. Dnevnik. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2011. Sheinman, M. M. 0 ravvinakh і sinagogakh, Briansk: Soiuz bezbozhnikov SSSR і glavpolitprosvet, 1928. Shtif, Nokhem I. Pogromen in Ukraine: di tsayt fun di fřayviliger arrney. Berlin: Vostok, 1923. Sliozberg, Genrikh. Delo minuvshikh dnei: zapiski russkogo evreia. Paris: Imprimerie Pascal, 1934. Smoliar, Hersh. Eun ineveynik: zikhroynes vegn “Yevsektsyeľ Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1978. Smoliar, Hersh. Af dkr letster pozitsye mit der ktster hofenung. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1982. Sosis, Israel. Di geshikhtefun di yidishe gezehhafllekhe shtrebungen in Rusland in 19tn y’h. Minsk: Vaysrusisher melukhe farlag, 1929. Sviatoi muchenik Gavriil Belostokskii: Nebesnyi pokrovitel detei і podrostkov. Minsk: Belorusskaia pravoslavnaia tserkov, 2009. Sviatoi otrok Gavriil: Srednevekovaia Beilisiada. Moscow: Ateist, 1922. Stetskevich, V. V., V. O. Shaikan, and R. P. Shlyakhtych, eds. Krivii Rih: Likholittia
1941-194S (Istorichnyi narisni). Krivii Rih: Vidavnichnyi tsenter DVNZ “KNU,” 2015. Tager, Alexander. Tsarskaia Rossiia i delo Beilisa. Moscow: Ogizf, 1933. Tager, Alexander. The Decay of Czarism: the Beilis Trial. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1935. Tcherikower, Elias. Antisemitizm i pogromy па Ukraine, 1917-1918 gg. Berlin: “Ostjudisches Historisches Archiv,” 1923. Tcherikower, Elias, ed. In der tkufe fun revolutsye: memuarn, materyaln, dokumentn. Berlin: Yidisher literarisher farlag, 1924. Terkel, Betsalel. Di zun fargeyt baym Amu-daria: Funem phytim-Ubn in ratnfarband. Buenos Aires: Tsentral farband fun poylishe yidn in Palestine, 1963. Tininis, Vytautas, ed. Komunistinio režimo nusikaltimai Lietuvoje 1944-1953: Sovietų Sąjungos politinių struktūrų, vietiniųjų padalinių bei kolaborantų vaidmuo vykdant nusikaltimus 1944-1953. 3 vols. Vilnius: Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija, 2003.
214 . Selected Bibliography Tokarev, S. A. Etnografiin narodov SSSR: btoricheskie osnovy byta i kultury. Moscow: Izdatelstvo moskovskogo universiceca, 1958. Vermel, S. S. Moskovskoe izgnank, 1891-1892: vpechatleniia, vospominaniia. Moscow: Der emes, 1924. Yaroslavskii, Emilian. Razvemutym firontom: o zadachakh і metodakh antireligioznoy propagandy. Moscow: Bezbozhnik, 1929. Zamyslovskii, Georgy G. UbiistvoAndreialushchinskogo. Pecrograd: Novoe vremia, 1917. Zhigalin, G. L.Prokliatoenasledie (ob antisemitizme). Moscow: Molodaiagvardia, 1927. Z-skii, P. Evreiskii karmannyikalendar-spravochnik na 1925-26god. Sverdlovsk: Izdanie sverdlovskoi evreiskoi obshchiny, 1925. Zalcsberg, I. B. Yidishe komunistri vegn deryidn-fiage in ratnfarband. Tel Aviv: Fraync fun yidisher kulcur, 1957. Zilber, Yiczchak. To Remain a Jew: The Life of Rav Yitzchak Zilber. Jerusalem: Feldheim, 2010. Zinger, F. Yidnproletaryer in FSSR. Moscow: Der emes, 1933. SECONDARY SOURCES Abramson, Henry. A Prayerfor the Government: Ukrainians andJews in Revolutionary Times, 1917-1920. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Universicy Press, 1999. Aicshuler, Mordechai. “The Discress of Jews in che Soviec Union in che Wake of che Molocov Ribbencrop Pace.” Yad Vashem Studies 36, no. 2 (2008): 73-114. Aicshuler, Mordechai. “More Abouc Public Reacción co che Doccors’ Ploc.” Jews in Eastern Europe 2, no. 30 (1996): 24-57. Aicshuler, Mordechai. “The Parry and Popular Reacción co che ‘Doccors’ Ploc’ (Dnepropecrovsk Province, Ukraine).” Jews in Eastern Europe 2, no. 21 (1993): 49-65. Aicshuler, Mordechai. Religion and Jewish Identity in
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Selected Bibliography · 215 Astashkevich, bina. Gendered Violence: Jewish Women in the Pogroms 1917 to 1921. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2018. Avrutin, Eugene M. The Velizh Affair: Blood Libel in a Russian Town. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Avrutin, Eugene M., Jonathan Dekel-Chen, and Robert Weinberg. Ritual Murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Beyond: New Histories of an Old Accusation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017. Bankier, David, and Israel Gutman, eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003. Baron, Salo W. The Russian Jew Under Tsars and Soviets. New York: Schocken Books, 1987. Bartov, Omer, and Eric D. Weitz. Shatterzone ofEmpires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. Bauer, Yehuda. The Death ofthe Shtetl. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. Bauman, Zygmunt. Life in Fragments: Essays in Postmodern Morality. Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1995. Beizer, Michael. Relief in Time of Need: Russian Jewry and the Joint, 1914-1924. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2015. Bemporad, Elissa. Becoming Soviet Jews: The Bolshevik Experiment in Minsk. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. Bemporad, Elissa. “Dubnovs Wayward Son: Israel Sosis and the Legacy of Russian Jewish Historiography.” Polin: Studies in PolishJewry 29 (December 2016): 105-19. Bemporad, Elissa, and Joyce Warren, eds. Women and Genocide: Survivors, Victims, Perpetrators. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2018. Bergoffen, Debra В. Contesting
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216 · Selected Bibliography Boyarín, Daniel. Unheroic Conduct: The Rise ofHeterosexuality and the Invention ofthe Jewish Man. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Brent, Jonathan. Stalins Խտէ Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948-1953. New York: Harper Collins, 2003. Brodkin, Karen. How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998. Bronner, Stephen Eric. A Rumor About the Jews: Antisemitism, Conspiracy, and the Protocoե ofZion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Budnitskii, Oleg. “Jews, Pogroms, and the White Movement: A Historiographical Critique.” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 2, no. 4 (Fall 2001) : 1-23. Budnitskii, Oleg. Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. Burds, Jeffrey. Holocaust in Rovno: A Massacre in Ukraine, November 1941. New York: Paigrave Macmillan, 2013. Burds, Jeffrey. “Turncoats, Traitors, and Provocateurs: Communist Collaborators, the German Occupation, and Stalins NKVD, 1941-1943.” East European Politics and Societies and Cultures 20, no. 10 (2017): 1-33. Cala, Alina. The Image oftheJew in Polish Folk Culture. Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press, 1995. Cesarmi,Da.vid.FmalSolution: TheFateoftheJews, 1933-1949- London: Macmillan, 2016. Charny, Semen. “Krovavye navety v SSSR.” In Tirosh: Studies in Judaica. Vol. 6, edited by M. Chlenov and K. Rempel Moscow: Judaica Rossica, 2003,207-17. Chichopek, Anna. “The CracowPogrom ofAugust 1945.” In ContestedMemories:
Poles andJews During the Holocaust and ItsAfiermath, edited by Joshua D. Zimmerman. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003,221-38. Chopard, Thomas. The First Catastrophe of East European Jewry: Wars, Pogroms, Displacement and Survival, 1914-1924. PhD diss., École des hautes études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2017. Cohen, Jeremy, and Moshe Rosman. Rethinking European Jewish History. Oxford: Liftman Library ofJewish Civilization, 2009. Conquest, Robert. The Great Terror: A Reassessment, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Deák, Istvánján T. Gross, and TonyJudt, eds. The Politics ofRetribution in Europe: World War II and Its Afiermath. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. Dean, Martin. ColUboration in the Holocaust: Crimes ofthe Local Police in Belorussin and Ukraine, 1941-1944. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L. Farming the Red Land:Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924-1941. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005. Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L., David Gaunt, Natan M. Meir, M. Natan, and Israel Bartai, eds. Anti-Jewish Violence: Rethinking the Pogrom in East European History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.
Selected Bibliography · 217 Della Pergola, Sergio. “World Jewish Population, 2016.” In American Jewish Year Book 2016. Voi. 116, edited by Arnold Dashefsky and Ira M. Sheskin. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 253-332. Dumitru, Diana. “Returning Home After the Holocaust. Jewish-Gentile Encounters in the Soviet Borderland.” In The Holocaust and European Societies: Social Processes and Social Dynamics, edited by Frank Bajohr and Andrea Low. London: Paigrave Macmillan, 2016,307-21. Dundės Alan, ed. The Blood Libel Legend: A Casebook in Anti-Semitic Lolklore. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. Dundovich, Elena. “Russian Memory of the First World War.” In The Pirst World War: Analysis and Interpretation. Voi. 1, edited by Antonello Biagini and Giovanna Motta. Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 61-70. Dvornichenko, A. I., and S. O. Shmidt, eds. Pamiati akademika Sergeia Fedorovicha PUtonova: isskdovaniia i materiały. St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2011. Dymshits, Valery A., Alexander L. Lvov, and Alla V. Sokolova, eds. Shtetl XXI vek: Polevye issledovaniia. St. Petersburg: Evropeiskii universitet, 2008. Engel, David. “Patterns of Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland, 1944-1946.” Yad Vashem Studies 26 (1998): 43-85. Estraikh, Gennady. In Harness: Yiddish Writers’ Romance with Communism. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005. Fishman, David E. The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasuresfrom the Nazis. Lebanon, NH: ForeEdge, 2017. Foucault, Michel. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de
France, 1975-1976. Edited by Mauro Bertani and Alessandro Fontana. New York: Picador, 2003. Frankel, Jonathan. The Damascus Affair: “Ritual Murder,” Politics, and theJews in 1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Frankel, Jonathan. “‘Ritual Murder’ in the Modern Era: The Damascus Affair of 1840.” Jewish Social Studies 3, no. 2, (1997): 1-16. Freedman, Robert O., ed. SovietJewry in the Decisive Decade, 1971-80. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1984. Frevert, Ute. Emotions in History: Lost and Found. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2011. Friedman, Saul S. Pogromchik: The Assassination of Simon Petlura. New York: Hart, 1976. Galili, Ziva. “The Soviet Experience of Zionism: Importing Soviet Political Culture to Palestine.” Journal of Israeli History, Politics, Society, Culture 24, no. 1 (2005): 1-33. Galili, Ziva, and Boris Morozov. Exiled to Palestine: The Emigration ofSoviet Zionist Convicts, 1924-1934. New York: Roudedge, 2006.
218 · Selected Bibliography Gerrits, André W. M. The Myth ofJewish Communism: A Historical Interpretation. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009. Gilley, Christopher. “Beyond Petliura: The Ukrainian National Movement and the 1919 Pogroms.” EastEuropean Jewish Affairs 47, no. 1 (2017): 45-61. Gilman, Sander L. Difference and Pathology Stereotypes ofSexuality, Race, and Madness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. Gilman, Sander L. Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language ofthe Jews. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University, 1986. Gilman, Sander L. TheJew’s Body. New York: Routledge, 1991. Ginzburg, Natalia. The Little Virtues. New York: Arcade, 2013. Gitelman, Zvi. A Century ofAmbivaknce: TheJews ofRussia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. Glaser, Amelia. Jews and Ukrainians in Russia’s Literary Borderlans: From the Shtetl Fair to the Petersburg Bookshop. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2012. Graziosi, Andrea, Lubomyr A. Hajda, and Halyna Hryn, eds. After the Holodomor: The Enduring Impact of the Great Famine on Ukraine. Cambridge, MA: Ukrainian Research Institute, 2013. Greenbaum, Abraham Alfred. Jewish Scholarship and Scholarly Institutions in Soviet Russia, 1918-1953. Jerusalem: Hebrew University ofJerusalem, Centre for Research and Documentation of East European Jewry, 1978. Greene, Robert H. Bodies Like Bright Stars: Saints and Relics in Orthodox Russia. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010. Gross, Jan T. “After Auschwitz: The Reality and Meaning of Postwar Antisemitism in Poland.” In
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220 · Selected Bibliography Kan, Sergei. Lev Shternberg: Anthropologist, Russian Socialist, Jewish Activist. Lincoln: University ofNebraska Press, 2009. Kassow, Samuel D. Who Will Write Our History? Emanuel Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghetto, and the OynegShabes Archive. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007. Katzenelson, Lev L, David Gunzberg, and Shimon M. Dubnow, eds. Evreiskaia Entsiklopediia: svod znanii о evreistve i ego kulture vproshlom і nastoiashem. 16 vols. St. Petersburg: Brokgauz-Efron, 1906-13. Kekesi, Zoltan. “Icons in Exile: The Travels of an Anti-Semitic Image Cult? Jahrbuch fur Antisemitismusforschung 25 (2016): 154-70. Kelner, Viktor E. “Dubnov, Platonov i drugie (Komissia dlia nauchnogo izdaniia dokumentov ritualnykh protsessov v Rossii. Petrograd, 1919-1920).” In Ocherkipo istorii russko-evreiskogo knizhnogo deL· vo vtoroipolovimXIX—nachaleXX v, edited by 1.1. Frolov. St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaia natsionalnaia biblioteka, 2003,186-221. Kelner, Viktor E. Missioner istorii: zhizn i trudy Semena Markovicha Dubnová. St. Petersburg: Mir, 2008. Kenez, Peter. The Defeat of the Whites: Civil War in South Russia, 1919-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. Kenez, Peter. “Pogroms and White Ideology in the Russian Civil War.” In Pogroms: AntiJewish Violence in Modern Russian History, edited by John D. Klier and Shlomo Lambroza. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992,293-313. Khiterer, Viktorií. Jewish Pogroms in Kiev During the Russian Civil War, 1918-1920. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2015. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. The History ofthe GuUg: From
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Oleksandr. “Stalinist Justice as a Site of Memory: Anti-Jewish Violence in Kyiv’s Podil District in September 1941 Through the Prism of Soviet Investigative Documents 7 Jahrbücherfur Geschichte Osteuropas 61, no. 2 (2013): 223-48. Michlic, Joanna B. Poland’s Threatening Other: The Image ofthe Jew from 1880 to the Present. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Midlarsky, Manus I. The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Mitsel, Mikhail. Evrei Ukrainy v 1943-1953 gg: Ocherki dokumentirovannoi istorii. Kiev: Dukh і litera, 2004. Mitsel, Mikhail. Obshchiny iudeiskogo veroispovedaniia v Ukraine, Kiev-Lvov, 19451981 gg. Kiev: Sfera, 1998. Mitsel, Mikhail. “Posledniaia glava : Agro-Dzhoint v gody bolshogo terrora. Kiev: Dukh i litera, 2012. Modras, Ronald. The Catholic Church and Anti-Semitism, Poland 1933-1939. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1994. Mosse, George. Image ofMan: The Creation ofModern Masculinity. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press, 1996. Morozov, Iurii, and Tatiana Derevianko. Evreiskie kinematografisty v Ukraine, 1910֊ 1945. Kiev: Dukh i litera, 2004.
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INDEX For the benefit ofdigital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one ofthose pages. Figures are indicated by an italicƒfollowing the page number. Abakumov, Viktor, 139 Abramovna, Raisa, 116-17 absence of pogroms, myth of, 89-90,107-14, 123-25,150 accomplices, 63,165n86 acculturation, 7, 20, 33 accusations of ritual murder, see blood libels adoptions of Ukrainian children, 148 agency, Jewish, 124 agriculture collectivization of, 86,110-11 in Sovietization ofJews, 76,77/ Aleichem, Sholem: The Flood, 75 Alekseievka, Belorussia, 112-13 allegiance, Jewish, see Soviet-Jewish alliance ambivalence, Soviet to discussions of antisemitism, 55 in the Jewish-Bolshevik alliance, 21-22 in trials of pogromists, 64, 67-69 and universalization of suffering, 84-85 Andizhan, Uzbekistan, 151 Andrianov, Vasily, 139 anti-Bolshevism, 20, 21,22-23, 115, 126,135-36 anti-Christian conspiracy theories, 8-9 anti-Jewish prejudice, 46-47, 150 anti-Judaism, 9,94 Antireligious Exhibition ofthe Academy of Science ofthe USSR, 93-94 antisemitism blood libel in primitive expressions of, 46-47 Bolsheviks’ aversion to, 38 condemnation of, 74-75,102 gendered, 100-1 grassroots, 102-6 official condemnation of, 63-64,74-75, 91,144-45,150 postwar, 119-25,150-51 in Soviet lands, 11-13 state, 136-37,142-46 tsarist, 1,5-6,20,48,76 antisemitism, official campaign against in calls for pogroms, 111 education in, 45 end of, 121,136,146 limitations of, 11-13 modern lack of, 150 propaganda in, 74-75 regional lack of, in blood libels, 46-47 in restrained Jewish responses
to antisemitism, 53, 55-56 and the Schwarzbard trial, 66-67 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 21-23 “anti-Sovietness” antisemitism as, 70-71,74,90-91,124 of attacks against Jewish setders, 112-14 of blood libel in Lvov, 135 in civil war pogrom trials, 63-64 of the Trostianets Party apparatus, 60 archives reviewed for documents on ritual murder cases, 42-45 as sites of memory, 66, 79, 87 Arendt, Hannah, 34 Armenian genocide, 4 assimilation, 3, 7,33 atheism, 8,9,45-46,81-83,82f 93,94-95
228 · Index authorities, central in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 45-46, 50-53, 55 ambivalence of, in fighting antisemitism, 21-22, 55,64-66,67-69,84-85 antisemitism condemned by, 63-64,7475,91,144-45,150 conflicts of, in providing protections, 11-12 in equality for Jews, 2 and modern blood libels, 130,131,133,135, 136,139,142-46 and the myth of the absence of pogroms, 108-9,112-13,118-21,122-23,124 official positions on antisemitism, 119-21,124,142-46 in persistence of blood libels, 91-92 in prosecutions of pogromists and blood libels, 10, 58-59,63-66 in the Schwarzbard trial, 67-69 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 15-16,21-22, 24-27,30-31,34 in universalization of memory, 74-75,81-87 see also antisemitism, official campaign against authorities, local and regional in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 39,4647,49-52,53-54 in anti-Jewish violence, 2 belief in ritual murder of, 10 deficiencies of, in countering antisemitism, 31 disapproval ofJewish agency by, 124 failure of, to punish perpetrators, 59 former pogromists as, 59-60 in historiography, 79 inaction of, on Odessa pogroms, 73 in Lvov blood libel, 132,135 in modern blood Übels, 139, 145 in post-WWII antisemitism, 119 in post-WWII pogroms, 122-23 in property restitution, 30-31 in the Soviet-Jewish alhance, 24-27, 34 in trials ofpogromists, 63-65 and World War II pogroms, 115-16 see also police, local authority, Jewish, 15-16,68,100-1 see also power/empowerment ofJews Babel, Isaac: Gedali, 109 Babi Yar (Babyn Yar), 87 backlash, potential, in restrained responses to blood libels, 53-54 “banditry,” 62-64,176n31
Beilis, Menachem Mendi, 8-9, 36 Beilis affair, 8-9,10,22-23,35-56, 147,148-49 see also Doctors’ Plot belief in blood libels and ritual murder in the afterhfe of the Beilis affair, 37-39,43-44 in anti-Judaism, 9 modern, 135-36,138,149 persistence of, 10,89-90,94-95 respectability of, 170n38 Belorussia (Belarus), 3,4-5,19,68,80-81, 104,112-13,116 Belyov, Russia, 48-49, 52 Berdyczewski, Micha Yosef, 14-15 Berdyczewski, Moshe Arn, 14-15 Bergelson, Dovid, 71 Beskin, Tanya, 139-40 Bialik, Chaim Nahman: In the City of Slaughter, 74 birth rate, civil war pogroms in, 32-33 Black Book project, 87 Black Hundreds, 35-36,37,46,82f “Black Years of Soviet Jewry,” 13,150 Blinov, Ivan, 42 Blondes, David, 96-97,187n38 Bloodlands, defined, 3 blood libels in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 46-48 in blood legacies, 1-2 legacy of, 8-12 modern, 126-46 in pogroms, 1-2, 3 proletarian courts defending against, 40-41 in Soviet cities, 46-48 blood libels, responses/reactions to in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 41-44, 49, 50-51,52-54, 55-56 modern, 144-45,146 in the Soviet landscape, 88-89,101-2 bloodthirstiness, 129-30 Bobruisk (Babruysk) investigative commission, 109 Bolshevik Party, 107-9,110 Bolshevik Revolution, 15,33-34,39,76, 148-49,152 Bolshevism, Jewish, 2-3,8-9,39,120-21 Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir, 36, 37 bourgeoisie, Jewish, 45-46,70-71,75 bourgeois nationalism, 53, 54,86,90-91, 122-23,150 boycotts ofJewish businesses, 65-66 Breshko-Breshkovskii, Nikolai: Vera Cheberiak and the Blood Libel, 36-37 brochures, anti-religious, 94 brotherhood of peoples
Index · defined, 64 Jews excluded from, during the Cold War, 136-37 in persistence of blood libels, 97,98-100 universal sites of memory in, 75, 85-75,118 Buinaksk, Dagestan, 145 Bund, Central Committee of, 20 Bundists, 21 butchering, kosher, 91-93,95,96f 103-4,132 cannibalism, 105-6,129-36 Cantonist decree of 1827,79-80 Caucasus, 31,46-48,143-44 Central Asia, 31,46-48,101-2,129, 143-44,188n53 Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party, 25-26, 50-51,64 chaplains, military, 35-36 Cheberiak, Vera, 37 Cheka (Soviet Secret Police), 2-3 Cherkassy Beilisade, 49-51 Cherkassy region, 54 Chernitskii, Belorussia, 98 Chomskii, Alexander, 22-23 Chomskii Trial, 22-23 Chradzhou, Turkmenistan, 47-48 Chronicle ofa Dead City (Faygnberg), 73 circumcision, 91-94,103-4,186n22,186n28 citizenship in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 41-45, 50-51 legacy of pogroms in, 10 and modern blood libels, 129 persistence of blood libels in, 91,94-95 and the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 18, 24-27 Soviet sites of memory in, 59, 64, 81-83,84-87 civil war Chomskii trial, 22-23 epicenters ofgenocidai violence in, 18-19 legacy ofpogroms in, 4-8 property restoration following, 27-31 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 3, 20-22, 24-27,31-34 see also pogroms, civil war era class, socioeconomic, 49-50,75, 76-78,79-80 class-struggle principle, 21-22,70-71 clergy, Russian Orthodox, 38-39,46 Cold War cannibalism accusations during, 105-6,130-36 central authorities’ inaction on blood libels during, 144-45 Doctors’ Plot, 13,136-42,147,201n74 229 official campaign against religion in, 143-44,145-46 see also postwar period
commemorations/commemoration ceremonies, 83-84,107,123 Communist Party officials, 48-49, 51 Communist Party of Ukraine, Central Committee of, 120-21 Communist Youth League, 111 condemnation, official of antisemitism, 6364,74-75, 91,144-45,150 cosmopolitanism, 137, 150 Cossacks, 17,19,62-63,74,75 counter-revolution, 68,70-71, 81-83,113, 132,133 Court is in Session, The (Leningrad Traveling Theater), 78-79 courts proletarian, 40-41 regional, 64-65 Soviet, 64-65,68,112-13 Cracow, Poland, 131 Crime and Consciousness (Kahan), 55 Crimson Book: The Pogroms of1919-1920 (Gusev-Orenburgskii), 180n77 crisis, social, 9,11-12,13,103 culture ofviolence, 59,86 death tolls, 7,17-18,32-33, 58 decree on antisemitism, 9-10 deicide, charge of, 8-9,35-36,96 demographics civil war pogroms in, 32-33 in Jewish responses to blood libels, 52 Denikin, Anton, 4-5,6,18-19,151-52 Deremes, 113 Dimanshtein, Simon, 108 dislocation and displacement, 32-33, 34, 98, 103,109-10,149,151 disloyalty, see loyalty/disloyalty, Jewish Dneprodzerzhinsk, Ukrainian SSR, 141 Dnepropetrovsk (Dnipro), Ukraine, 134-35,141-42 Doctors’ Plot, 13,136-42,147,201n74 double standards, Soviet, 64 Druzhinin, Vasiliy, 42 Dubnow, Simon, 42,74,79,182nl01 Dubossary, Ukraine (Moldova), 98 Dubovo, Ukraine, 14-19,63,73 Eastern Front, 116-17,129-30 economics/economic relations in Dubovo, 15,17 in grassroots antisemitism, 103 in persistence of blood libels, 89-90,97,98 Edison, Jerzy, 115-16,123 Egoriesk, Russia, 68
230 · Index Ehrenburg, Ilia, 87,124-25, 144-45 Eisenstein, Sergei, 55 emotions in antisemitism, 11-12 evoked by blood libel, 41-42 memory of pogroms in, 61 Empires Prestige, The (Sheinin), 55 employment, 57-58,59-60,89-90,120-21 ethnic cleansing, 19, 32-33,65-66,132, 135-36,166n89 see also genocide ethnic relations/tension leniency toward pogromists in, 86 in local responses to blood libels, 49-50 in Lvov, 131-32,133 memory ofpogroms in, 57-58,59 and the myth of the end ofpogroms, 112 in post-WWII pogroms, 121 and the Schwarzbard trial, 66-67 in Trostianets, 58 ethos, Soviet national-universal, 85 Evobshchestkom (Jewish Committee to Aid the Victims of the Pogroms), 58-59, 66,175n9 Evsektsiia (Jewish section of the Communist Party), 21,53-54, 56 exhibitions, 69-71,93-94,107 fascism/fascist Europe, 3,108-9,114,122,135 see also Germany, Nazi Fastov (Fastiv), Ukraine, 28f 28-31, 34, 163-64n70 Faygnberg, Rachel, 16-17, 27, 159n3 Chronicle ofa Dead City, 73 Untem hamer, I63n65 Flood, The (Aleichem), 75 folklore, 9,143-44,149 Frankel, Jonathan, 8 Frumkin, Ester, 21 Frunze, Kirghizia, 129-30 Gedali (Babel), 109 gender and civil war pogroms, 32-33 in memory ofviolence, 74 in perceptions ofJewish men, 97,105 of victims and perpetrators, 65-66, 96102,99/104-6,188n53 see also rape genocide epicenters of, 18-19 escalating violence of, 28-29 impulses to, in blood legacies, 3 . rape in, 29,165n86,166n89 trauma and place in, 166n92 see also ethnic cleansing geopolitics, 33-34,136-37 Germany, Nazi collaboration with, 86,116-18,133,135, 136,152 official marginalization ofJews in, 12
propaganda of, 105-6,118,124,126-30, 128/133 WWII occupation by, 15,115,116-18, 124,127-29 girls, adolescent as victims of rape, 19,21,29,32-33,108 as victims of ritual murder, 96-98 Godless at the Workplace, The (League of Militant Atheists), 45-46,81-83,82f, 93,94-95,95-96/ Goldman, Emma, 29, 34 Goloshchekin, Filipp, 127-29 Gomel (Homel), BSSR, 68,74-75 Gorodische (Horodysche), Ukraine, 71 GPU (Soviet Secret Police), 39,49,57-58, 59-60,66-67 Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 80-81 Great Terror, 88,117 “Great Turn,” 110-11 Green Army, 4-5 Grinberg, Zachar, 42 Grodno (Hrodna) ritual murder trial documents, 44-45 Gudin, Vyacheslav, 148 Gulag, 13,141-42,150 Gusev-Orenburgskii, Sergei: Crimson Book: The Pogroms of1919-1920, 180n77 historiography, 78-81,182nl01 History ofJewish Sodai Trends in Russia in the Nineteenth Century (Sosis), 80 Hider-Stalin pact, 114-15 Holocaust, 74-75,86-87,119-21,123,151-52 Holodomor, 117,134 “hooliganism,” 144 iconography in anti-Jewish propaganda, 126 in persistence of blood libels, 98-100,99f identity blood libels and pogroms in, 13 Catholic, in Polish-Ukrainian alliance, 135-36 ethnic, in the Soviet system, 97 memory of anti-Jewish violence in, 7 pogrom monuments in, 60
Index · 231 ideology in the campaign against antisemitism, 74-75 in defining “pogrom,” 113 in historiography of anti-Jewish violence, 74-75,79 Marxism, 45,46-47,73-74,76-78,79-81, 142-43,182nl01 in persistence of blood libels, 89-90,100 in representations of tsarist pogroms, 75,76-78 in the Schwarzbard trial, 67 in trials of perpetrators, 62-63 industrialization, 11-12,86,110-11,123-24 insurgents, civil war, 16-17,18-19,27, 28-29 intelligentsia, Jewish, purges of, 13,147 intermarriage, 33,97,98-100 International Jewry, 137 interwar period Beilis affair in, 8-9,35-56 continuity of anti-Jewish violence in, 1-2 Judeo-Bolshevism narrative in, 3 prosecutions of perpetrators in, 8-10,12 Soviet/Jewish sites of memory in, 57-87 In the City ofSlaughter (Bialik), 74 Investigating Blood Libel Trial Materials, Commission for, 42-44,147 Investigation of the History of Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Russia, Commission for, 79 investigations of blood libels and anti-Jewish violence of the Beilis affair, 36 in Belyov, 48-49 of cannibalism accusations, 129-30 by the Commission for Investigating Blood Libel Trial Materials, 42-44 in Dagestan, 46-47 Jewish action in, 52, 53-54,63-64 in Kaniev, 50-51 in the legacy of blood libels, 9 in Lvov by NKVD, 132-33 in Minsk, 41-42,88-89 in Poland, compared to Soviet Russia, 52-53 Revkoms indifference to, 62 ofTrostianets by the GPU, 57-58,59-60 of WWII pogroms by NKGB, 118 Yiddish press on, 64-65 see also prosecutions; trials Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, 147 Iudovin, Solomon: “The Ritual Slaughterer,” 93-94 Jewish Joint Distribution
Committee (JDC), 30,137,175n9 Jewish Pogroms, 1918-1921, 71,72f Jewish Ritual Murder, The (Schramm), 127 Jewish Section of the Commissariat for National Minorities, 44-45 Jewish War Section, Red Army, 23 Jews and Antisemitism in the USSR (Larin), 46-47,48 Judaism without Embellishment (Kychko), 143 Judeo-Bolshevism narrative anti-communist accusations legitimating, 135-36 in blood libels, 3,8-9,126-30 in civil war era pogroms, 5-7, 15 -16,22 in competing memories, 74-75 German occupation as liberation from, 116 modern legacy of, 151-52 in Nazi propaganda, 118, 126-30 and post-WWII antisemitism, 124-25 and ritual murder of the Romanovs, 147 in the Schwarzbard trial, 66-67 Soviet fears of, 11-12, 64 in WWII pogroms, 117-18 justice lack of, in the culture of violence, 58-59 revolutionary, and Soviet nationaluniversal ethos, 85 kahal, in historiography, 79 Kahan, Avraham: Crime and Consciousness, 55 Kaniev (Kaniv), Cherkassy, 49-51,54,97-98 Kemerovo, Siberia, 149 Kharkov (Kharkiv), Ukraine, 19, 26-27, 3031, 57-58,101,107,112-13 Kherson, Ukraine, 110-11 Khilevich, Alexander, 63-64 Khrushchev, Nikita, 120-21,122-23,143-44 Kielce, Poland, 131 Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine blood libels in, 110-11,127-29 commemoration ceremonies in, 84 local authorities in post-war Jewish return to, 119-20 Podol investigation in, 118 pogroms in, 65-66,117,121-23 purge of Ukrainian nationalists in, 67 re-Sovietization of, 120 women in the 1919 pogrom in, 65-66 see also Beilis affair Kipnis, Itsik, 3,80-81,83,87 Months and Days, 71, 87 Kirghizia, Soviet, 129,130
232 · Index Kishinev, Russian empire (Moldova), 74-75,79 Kievan, Rovno (Rivne) province, Ukraine, 62 Kolchak, Alexander, 4-5 Kommunist (Buinaksk), 145 Komsomol, 52,57,112-13 Komsomolskaia Pravda, 113 Kornilov, Lavr, 35-36 Krasnyi-Admony, Grigoriy, 42,43-44,79 Kristallnacht, 114-15 Krivoy Rog (Kryvyi Rih), Dnepopetrovsk, 134-35 Krylenko, N. V., 37-38,168nl5 kulaki (landowning peasants), 76-78, 80-81,86 Kulbak, Moshe, 184nl22 Kupyansk, Ukraine, 110 Kusmenek (Kosminek), Poland, 52-53 Kychko, Trofim:Judaism without Embellishment, 143 labor camps, 141-42 land setdement, 76,98,103,112-13 Larin, Yuri, 76-78 Jews and Antisemitism in the USSR, 46-47,48 League of Militant Atheists: The Godless at the Workplace, 45-46,81-83,82f, 93,94-95 Leers, Johann Von, 127 legacy of Hider in Soviet territories, 119-21 legal systems, 36, 53,54-55 legitimation of anti-Jewish violence, 113-14,117 of the end to the campaign on antisemitism, 120-21 of genocide, rape in, I65n86 of the Soviet system, 85 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 9-10,35-36,40,108, 127-29,146,167n7 Leningrad, 112,134 Leningrad Doctors’ Plot, 138-39 literature pogrom, as a site of memory, 71-73 Soviet, in the persistence of blood libels, 94 Yiddish, 80-81 Lithuania, 116,142-44 Litin, Vinnitsa (Vinnytsia), 75 looting class in Soviet depictions of, 76-78 in the Dubovo pogroms, 17-19 in Fastov, 28-29 property sales as, 27 by Red Army soldiers, 6-7, 62, 63 in Trostianets, 58 by Ukrainian peasants, 76-78 women in, 65-66 see also property restitution loyalty/disloyalty, Jewish, 5-7 see also Soviet-Jewish alliance Lvov, Aleksandr, 149 Lvov (Lviv),
Soviet Ukraine, 130-36 Mabl: The Bloody Stream, 75 Makarov (Makariv), Ukraine, 111 Makhachkala, Dagestan, 46-47,145 Makhno, Nestor, 4-5,177n33 Makhno band, 64-65,110-11 Malakhovka, 150-51 Maleev, A. F.: Thirty Days oftheJewish Pogrom in the Town ofKrivoe-Ozero, 73 Malenkov, Georgy, 139 Malo-Mikhailovka (Malo-Mikhaylivka), Ukraine, 110-11 marches, anti-religious, 93 marginalization, economic, 12 Margolis, Osher, 79-80 Markish, Peretz, 71 Volyn, 80-81 Marxism antisemitism through lens of, 73-74,76-78 in historiography of anti-Jewish violence, 79-81,182nl01 religiosity in, 142-43 on ritual murder, 46-47 socioeconomic expressions of antisemitism in, 45 see also ideology “Matzah of Zion, The” (MAUP), 148-49 MAUP (Interregional Academy of Personnel Management), 148-49 Medvyn, Kiev province, 127 memoirs, 73 memorials, 83-84, 123 Memory, 147 memory/sites of memory in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 54-56 competition for, 84-87 in connection of WWII pogroms with civil war era, 116-17 in coping with the Holocaust, 123 in ethnic relations, 57-62 in folklore, 149 in historiography and education, 78-81 in representations of tsarist pogroms, 75-78 in the Schwarzbard trial, 66-69 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 33, 34 Soviet/Jewish sites of, 57-87 and Soviet pogroms during World War II, 114-15
Index · 233 Soviet universalization of, 84-85 trials in, 62-66 of tsarist pogroms, 75-78 universalization of, 81-84,118 used by non-Jews in punishing Jews, 124 in WWII pogroms, 116 men, Jewish images of, in persistence of blood libels, 93 in Soviet propaganda, 100 as threat to non-Jewish women, 97,105 Mendele Mocher Seforim, Odessa, 107, 189n2 MGB (Ministry for State Security), 139 migration, mass of Soviet Jews, 149, 151 Mikhoels, Solomon, 119 military service for Jews, 181-82n99 minority groups, modem, 152-53 Minsk, Belorussia, 38-39,41-42,88-89, 92-93,104,123 Mitrofanov, K. M., 186n28 modernization, 8, 89-90,98-100, 105-6,143-44 Mogilev (Mahilyow), Belorussia, 35-36,113 Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact, 114-15,131 Months and Days (Kipnis), 71, 87 monuments, 60-62,61/ 69-70,151-52 Moscow, 24-26,40-41,139-40 murder medical, 136-42 political, 105-6,127-29 rape in legitimizing, 165n86 Muslims in blood libel accusation, 46-48 nationalism/nationalists bourgeois, 53,54,86,90-91,122-23 in civil war era pogroms, 4-6 Jewish, 53,54,70-71 Ukrainian, 4-6,22,67,70-71,86,122,143 National Minorities Commissariat, Jewish section, 44-45 National Minorities Commission (Ukraine), 26 National Minorities Department of the People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, Ukraine, 26-27 neighbors blood libels by, 49-50, 51,101,149 in the Dubovo pogroms, 15,16-18 looting by, 30-31,65-66,119-20 memory ofviolence by, 61 participation of, in pogroms, 29-30, 32 post-WWII antisemitism of, 119-20 rape by, 32-33 relationships with, destabilized by pogroms, 21-22,24 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance,
29-30,34 testifying against, 63 in violence against neighbors, 16-17, 67,71 New York Herald Tribune, 145 Nicholas II and family, murder of, 127-29,147 NKGB (Peoples Commissariat for State Security), 118,121-22,134-35 NKVD (Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 26-27,115,129-30,132-33 Obodivko (Obodivka), Ukraine, 24,57 Odessa (Odesa), 73,107,110-11 officials, Soviet blood libels by, 48-49 former pogromists as, 59-60 in the investigation of Trostianets, 57-58, 59-60 On Baptism and Circumcision, 94 Operation Vistula, 135-36 organ harvesting, 148 Orthodox Jews, 22,142-43 Ovruch, Ukraine, 24,63, 83-84 OZET (Society for Setding Toiling Jews on Land), 76-78,77-78/ Pale of Setdement, 5-6,52,75-76 Party Life (Central Committee of the Communist Party), 150 Passover in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 40,41, 46-47,49-50, 53 in modern media and folklore, 149 in modern permutations of blood libel, 129-30,134,137,141,144 in persistence of blood libels, 88,92,9495,96,97-98,101-2,103-4 Passover plot, 129-30 patriotism Russian, 152 Soviet Jewish, 76,108-9,136-37 peasants kulaki, 76-78,80-81,86 newly urbanized, in persistence of blood libels, 89-91 participation of, in pogroms, 16-17,18-19, 28-30,116 People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), 26,27 perpetrators (pogromists) accountability for, 63-64 as actors in pogrom films, 75 Beletsky, Stepan, 37 Bondar, Grigory, 64-65 Dubenskii, Aron, 83-84 Dubnitskiy, Dimitryi, 63-64
234 · Index perpetrators (pogromiste) (cant.) Fedak, Ivan M., 133,136 Fishenko, Nikita, 57-58, 59-60 former, as local authorities, 59-60 gender of, 65-66, 97,98-102 Ivanov-Barkov, Yevgenyi, 75 Krasovskii, Nikolai, 23 leniency toward, in ethnic relations, 86 modern glorification of, 151-52 Party-cell membership of, 57 Shikula, Vasily, 101 trials of, 62-66 persistence of antisemitism, 12-13 of belief in blood libels and ritual murder, 10,89-90,94-95 of blood libels, 8-10, 36,88-106 petitions in dedaringjewish allegiance, 24-26 in the Doctors’ Plot, 139 in investigating blood libels, 50-51 on kosher slaughter, 91 against post-WWII pogroms, 122 for trials, 62, 63-64 to the Volunteer Army, 28-29 Pediura, Symon assassination of, 66-69 in Belorussian elementary school texts, 80-81 in civil war era pogroms, 4-5,6, 16-17, 18-19,25,28-29 in the Fastov pogrom, 28-29 modem glorification of, 151-52 in official campaigns against Judaism, 143 official condemnation ofpogroms by, 18-19 responsibility of, for pogroms, I6ln32 as a site of memory, 86 World War II pogroms as vengeance for, 116 Petrograd, 37 photographs in the Moscow exhibition of 1923, 69-70 in persistence of blood libels, 93-94 Platonov, Sergei, 42,43-44,158n34 Podol (Podil), Ukraine, 117,118 Podolia, Ukraine, 24,32,57-58,62-63,73 pogromists. see perpetrators (pogromists) “pogrom politics,” 6 pogroms blood libels in,1-2,3 memory of, in blood legacies, 1 military, 4-7,18-19,28-29,108 myth of absence of, 107-14,123-25,150 reactions to, 80,122-23 as sites of memory, 57-87 state-sponsored, Stalin era, 13,147,150 tsarist, 75-81
pogroms, civil war era central and local authorities in, 24-27 and the Chomskii trial, 22-23 death toll from, 7, 17-18, 58 depiction of, in 1928 OZET poster, 76-78 Dubovo, 14-19,63,73 escalations ofviolence in, 16-17,19 legacy of, 4-8 memory and oblivion of, 151-52 and property restitution, 27-31 as sites of memory, 57-87 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 34 trauma from, in making Soviet Jewry, 31-34 Trostianets, 57-62 see also civil war “pogrom talk,” 130-31,135,144 “pogrom,” uses and definitions of, 109-10, 111-13,114-15,152-53,204-5n24 poisoning of children, 138,139-41 Pokrovsk, Ukraine, 112-13 Poland, 12,52-53,103-4,105,109,116 police, local criminal investigation of blood libels by, 47 interventions by, 130-31,132-33,135,144 in post-WWII pogroms, 121 responses of, to blood libels, 49-50 in World War II pogroms, 115-16 see also authorities, local and regional police, Soviet secret Cheka, 2-3 GPU, 39,49, 57-58, 59-60,66-67 see also NKGB; NKVD police, tsarist, 68 Polish-Soviet war, 4-5 Polish-Ukrainian alliance, 135-36 politics of memory, Soviet, 68-69,73,75-76, 118,151-52 politics/political landscape in the Doctors’ Plot, 138,140-42 in evolving blood libels, 146 Jewish women in, 100-1 pogroms changing, 21 reactionary, 74-75 transitions in, 123-24,132 Poltava, Ukraine, 51, 91,101 population decline and movement of, 14, 58-59,149,151 posters, 76-78,141-42 post-traumatic stress disorder, 32 postwar period “absence” ofpogroms in, 107-25 afterlife of the Beilis affair in, 55
Index · 235 antisemitism in, 105-6,119-21,142-46 Judeo-Bolsbevism narrative in, 3 modern blood libels in, 126-46 pogroms during, 118,121-23 see also World War II power/empowerment ofJews in accusations ofwomen as predators, 105 in antisemitism, 11-12 in civil war pogroms, 15-16 in grassroots antisemitism, 103 joining the Bolsheviks in, 22-23 in persistence of blood libels, 89-90,98 resistance to, in calls for pogroms, 110-11 in responses to blood libels, 52 rumors of in the pogrom at Trostianets, 58-59 Schwarzbard trial in, 67-68 in trials, 63-64,68 power structures, Bolshevik, 20, 31,122 Pravda, 70-71,101,112-13,114 press Bolshevik, on trials of Red Army soldiers, 62-63 on investigations and trials, 64-65 Polish Catholic, in persistence of blood libels, 103-4 press, Soviet in the Doctors’ Plot, 137 non-use of “pogrom” by, 112-13 on pogroms in Nazi Germany, 114 in Post-WWII official antisemitism, 145,146 reporting on blood libels, 52-53,101,104 review of the Moscow exhibition in, 70-71 Schwarzbard trial in, 66-67 wartime censorship of, 115 press, Yiddish on blood libels by Soviet officials, 51 on blood libels in Poland, 104 interventions by, 56 on Minsk blood libel accusations, 41-42 power of, 168nl5 report of 1937 Minsk blood libel in, 88-89 Soviet-Jewish rescue myth in, 108-9 on trials, 64-65 propaganda anti-Bolshevik, 16,22-23,35-36, 74-75,126-30,195n2 anti-religious, in the persistence of blood libels, 89-91,92,93-94,100,103-4 anti-Soviet, 35-36 anti-Zionist, 150 in the association ofJews with communism, 22 Chomskii trial as, 23 fascist, 188n54 Nazi,
105-6,118,124,126-30,128/ 133 Soviet, 12-13,70-71,74-75,92-93, 100,103-4 Vipper trial as, 37 propaganda, antisemitk blood libel and Judeo-Bolshevism in, 126-30 circumcision in, 186n28 by Communist Party members, 48-49 criminalization of, in changing Soviet antisemitism, 113-14 in the destruction of Dubovo, 14 in the Doctors’ Plot, 137,141-42 in Lvov blood libel, 133 in the pogroms at Dubovo, 16 Russian Orthodox clergy on trial for, 38-39 White Army, 35 property, church, requisitions of, 39-40 property restitution in antisemitism, 30 in Lvov blood libel, 131-32,133 in post-WWII antisemitism, 119 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 26,27-31 see also looting prosecutions ofblood Übels, interwar period, 8-10,12 central authorities in, 10,58-59,63-66 denied during World War II, 102 in Minsk, in 1937,88-89 see also investigations of blood libels and anti-Jewish violence; trials Proskurov (Khmelnytskyi), Ukraine, 4, 3233,67-68, 81-83,111-12 protection ofJews, 11-12,20-21,24-25, 33-34,113-14 Protocols ofthe Elders ofZion, 8-9,39 Prudnikovą, Regina, 149 punishment of blood libels in the Soviet system, 89 lack of, in the memory of pogroms, 58-60,74-75 for protesting post-WWII antisemitism, 122-23 of Red Army soldiers, 62-63 purges, 67,86,89,138,139,178n56 Putin, Vladimir, 151-52 quotas, anti-Jewish, 137,150 radicalism, Jewish, 5-6 see also Bolshevism, Jewish
236 · Index Rakhman, Yuri, 119 rape in blood legacies, 7 in the campaign against antisemitism, 74 in civil war era pogroms, 19, 21, 28, 29,32-33 in ethnic cleansing and genocide, 19, 29, 32-33,165n86,I66n89 in Fastov, 28,29 iconographie, in persistence of blood libels, 98-100 mass, 29,33,108 in relocation, 32-33 Red Army in anti-Jewish violence in Mogilev, 113 in civil war era pogroms, 4-5, 6-7, 62-63 and the Doctors’ Plot, 137 Jewish officers and soldiers in, and responses to blood libels, 50-51 revenge in Jewish enlistment in, 23 soldiers in, tried for anti-Jewish violence, 62-63 in World War II pogroms, 115-16 Red Terror, 3,148-49 refugees, 40,115-16,129,131-32 Regional Party Organization, 50-51 religion, official campaign against in antisemitism, 39 Cold War era, 143-44,145-46 Jewish rituals in, 91-95 Judaism as target in, 143-44 propaganda in, 89-91,92 see also atheism revenge, 3,6,23,63-64,68,81-83,116 revisionism, historical, universal memory in, 85 Revolutionary Committee (Revkom), 58,62 Revolutionary Tribunal, 37-39,62-64, 65-66,175n5 Reznik, Semyon, 137 rituals, Jewish belief in the need for Christian blood in, 149 circumcision, 91-94,103-4, 186n22,186n28 kosher butchering, 91-93,95,96/, 103-4,132 in modern blood libels, 148 in persistence of blood libels, 91-106 Romanovs, murder of, 127-29,147 Rovno (Rivne), 116-17 Rozenstein, Josef, 121-22 Rubinstein, Isaac, 105 Rudnya, Belorussia, 113 Russia, Imperial Beilis affair in, 35-36 Catholic antisemitism in, 45 iconography ofJewish interlopers in, 98-100,99/ see also tsarist regime Russian Orthodox Church, 35-36,38-40,
46,81-83 Sachkhere, Georgia, 47-48 Saint Gabriel, 38-39 Saint Gabriel: A Medieval Beilis Affair, 38-39 Samarkand, Uzbekistan, 47-48 Saransk, Ukraine, 53-54 Scheglovitov, Ivan, 37 Scherbakov, Alexander, 137 schools blood libels in, 52-53,173n86 teaching about pogroms in, 80-81 Schramm: TheJewish Ritual Murder, 127 Schwarzbard, Scholem, trial of, 66-69, 86,161 n32 secularization, 91,94-95,105-6, 129-30,137 self-defense units, 6,17 self-monitoring, Jewish, 53-54 Serebriakovo, Dagestan, 47 Seredy, Ukraine, 112 sexual violence, see rape Sheinin, Lev: The Empire’s Prestige, 55 Shevkunov, Tikhon, 147 shohet (ritual slaughterer), 93-94,95/ Shternberg, Lev, 42 shteds, 18-19,30 Sliozberg, Genrich, 42 slogans, antisemidc, in postwar pogroms, 121-22 Slovechno (Slovechne), Ukraine, 63-64, 87 Smoliar, Hersh, 53-54 Smotrich (Smotrych), Ukraine, 19 social control, modern, 152 socialization, horizontal, 33 social media, Russian language, 149 society, Soviet anti-Jewish violence banned in, 123-24 blood libel in, 8-10 fear ofpogroms upon collapse of, 151 Jewish upward mobility in, 3 narratives of anti-Jewish violence in, 74-75 nature of antisemitism in, 113-14 persistence of blood libels in, 89-90, 100-1,102-6 status ofjews in, 146 socioeconomics in blood libels against women, 100-1 in changing uses of “pogrom,” 109-10 crisis in, 59,79-80 in evolving blood libels, 146
Index · in mass emigration ofJews, 151 and the memory of violence, 58, 59 roots of antisemitism in, 80 transitions in, and antisemitism, 12,123-24 Sosis, Israel, 182nl01 History ofJewish Social Trends in Russia in the Nineteenth Century, 80 Soviet cities, blood libels in, 46-48 Sovietization agriculture in, 76, Ոք and blood legacies, 7 in blood libel, 9 and civil war era pogroms, 18-20, 33-34 grassroots antisemitism as defense against, 103 mass rape in, 33 and the persistence of blood ¡libels, 89 post-WWII, in Lvov blood libel, 132 Soviet-Jewish alliance in anti-Jewish violence, 2-3 assumption of, in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 39 central and local authorities in, 24-27 Chomskii trial in, 22-23 and civil war pogroms, 5-7,15-16, 20-22,31-34 in modern memory, 151-52 political utility of, I66n91 property restitution in the, 27-31 in threats of pogroms in Soviet lands, 109-11 Soviet Jewry myth of the absence of pogroms in forming, 107-8 sites of memory in experience of 86 trauma in integration of, 31-34 Soviet state, see authorities, central Soviet system changes in, and responses to blood libels, 55-56 grievances against, in WWII pogroms, 118 in the persistence of blood libels, 89-91, 97,105-6 “pogrom” in complaints about, 109-10 protection ofJews by, 113-14 universal memory legitimizing, 85 Soviet-tsarist dichotomy, 76 Stalinjoseph, 107-8,124-25,126, 128/136-37 State Anti-Religious Publishing House: The Blood Libel and the Christian Church, 45-46 St. Basil Cathedral, Moscow, 38-39 stereotypes, 6-7,35-36,143,150 237 Supreme Court of Cassation, 64 Surami, Georgia, 47-48
survivors of the Dubovo pogroms, 17-18 post-WWII return of, to Soviet territories, 119-21 in trials of pogromists, 63 Sverdlov, Yankei, 127-29 Tager, Alexander: Tsarist Russia and the Beilis Affair; 48 Tarashcha, Ukraine, 67-68 Tarki, Dagestan, 47-48 TASS, 137 Tcherikower, Elias, 7,22-23,161n32 teachers, blood libels by, 52-53 Terevo, Belorussia, 19 testimony by Jews in trials, 67-68 Thirty Days oftheJewish Pogrom in the Town ofKrivoe-Ozero (Maleev), 73 Tokmak, Kirghizia, 129-30 toleration of antisemitism, 59 “total ethnic war,” 115,126-30 see also World War II trauma in blood legacies, 7-8 in integration of Soviet Jewry, 24, 31-34 of mass rape, 29 and place, I66n92 universalization of memory of, 81-84 trials in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 37-39 Chomskii trial, 22-23 economic, ofjews, 143-44 in the memory of pogroms, 62-66 in Minsk, in 1937, 89 narratives of, 68-69 of ritual murder cases, review of documents in, 42-45 of Scholem Schwarzbard, 66-69 Trostianets (Trostyanets), Ukraine, 57-62, 61/69-70 Trotsky, Leon, 4-5,16,36,152, 195n2 Trzeciak, Stanislaw, 103-4 tsarist regime accountable for blood libels in Soviet cities, 47-48 anti-Jewish violence by, 5-6 relocation under, 33 in Soviet sites of memory, 69,74-78 see also Russia, Imperial Tsarist Russia and the Beilis Affair (Tager), 48
238 · Index Tskalmbo, Georgia, 144-45 Turkmenistan, 47-48 Ukraine antisemitism in, 119—21,143-44 attacks on Jews in, 112-13 as Bloodland, З calls for pogroms in, 110-11 civil war era pogroms in, 4-7,14-19 lack ofJews in, post-WWII, 126 memory of anti-Jewish violence in, 152 modern blood libels in, 148-49 trials of pogromists in, 63-64 western, World War II pogroms in, 116 Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 143 Ukrainian Courier, The, 127-29 Ukrainian forces, 4,6,18-19, 20-21,22-23, 28-29, 58,152 United Opposition in the Bolshevik Party, 110 universalism, Soviet Jews excluded from, during the Cold War, 136-37 in memory of trauma, 81-87 in persistence of blood libels, 97 Untern hamer (Faygnberg), 163n65 urbanization, 11-12,32, 33,89-91,97 Uzbekistan, 47-48,151 Vera Cheberiak and the Blood Libel (Breshko-Breshkovskii), 36-37 victims Gaiviker, Naum, 7 gender of, 96-98,104-5 Gozman, Chana, 24 iconography of nations as, 98-100 Jewish organizations in aid of, 175n9 in Jewish sites of memory, 69-70, 81-83 Kvetnaia, Hasia, 19 Liberman, Ben-Tsion, 49-50 Lichnitskaia, Sarah, 101 persistence of, in trials, 63 Tverski, Rachel, 101-2 Vilnius, 96,140-41,142-43,144 Vipper, Oskar, 37-38,168nl5 visibility ofJews, 2,22-23,90-91,97, 109-10, 111 Volhynia Revolutionary Tribunal of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Ukraine, 63-64 Volochysk, Ukraine, 110-11 Volyn (Markish), 80-81 Warsaw, Poland, 104 White Volunteer Army, 4-5,6,19,22, 28-29,35 witnesses accounts of, as sites of memory, 66 Gozman, Chana, 24 Koretskii, Gedalia, 16 Shvartsman, Moshe, 17-18 women as agents of ritual murder, 100-2,
105-6,188n53 Jewish, in anti-religious propaganda, 100 non-Jewish, as victims of ritual murder, 96-98,95f 104-5 as pogromists, 65-66 World War I, 5,15,19 see also civil war; interwar period World War II blood libels during, 12-13,126-30 legitimation of anti-Iewish violence in, 113-14 pogroms in Soviet lands during and after, 12-13, 114-18 resurgence of antisemitism during, 115 rhetoric ofviolence in, 126-29 ritual murder allegations against women during, 101-2 spike in blood libels and pogroms in, 12-13 surge in antisemitism after, 119-21 see also postwar period Yaroslavskii, Emelian, 81-83, 94-95 Yerushalmi, Yosef Haim, 34 Yezhovshchina, 89 Yiddish authors Bergelson, Dovid, 71 Faygnberg, Rachel, 16-17, -27,73, 159n3,163n65 Kipnis, Itsik, 3,71,80-81, 83,87 Kulbak, Moshe, 184nl22 Markish, Peretz, 71, 80-81 in the state pogrom against Jewish intelligentsia, 13 Yurovski, Yakov, 127-29 Zhdanov, Andrei, 55,137 Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 136-37 Zinovevsk, Ukraine, 111 Zionism/Zionists, 16, 22, 54,70-71, 148-49,150 Znamyanka, Ukraine, 26-27 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
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| adam_txt |
THE MOST EXTREME LEGACIES OF TSARIST ANTISEMITISM
WERE POGROMS AND BLOOD LIBELS. THESE EVENTS
WERE CENTRAL TO THE JEWISH EXPERIENCE IN LATE
TSARIST
RUSSIA,
THE ONLY COUNTRY WITH WIDESPREAD
ANTI-JEWISH VIOLENCE IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
AFTER
THE SOVIETS CAME TO POWER, THEY
CLAIMED
THAT THEY HAD ELIMINATED BOTH THESE
PHENOMENA. IN THIS REVELATORY BOOK,
ELISSA
BEMPORAD DEMONSTRATES THAT THE SOVIETS' CLAIM
WAS PART PROPAGANDA, PART REALITY.
IN
THE FIFTY-YEAR-SPAN FROM THE BOLSHEVIK
REVOLUTION
TO THE EARLY YEARS OF KRUSHCHEV,
A
LIVING GENERATION OF
JEWS
AND NON-JEWS
ALIKE
VIVIDLY REMEMBERED THE VIOLENCE OF THE
PREREVOLUTIONARY YEARS, INCLUDING THE BEILIS AFFAIR
(THE 1913
TRIAL
OF MENDEL BEILIS ON CHARGES OF
MURDERING
A
UKRAINIAN
CHILD FOR RITUAL PURPOSES),
AND
THE HORRIFIC POGROMS OF THE RUSSIAN
CIVIL
WAR
OF
1917-21
(WHICH LED TO THE DEATH OF
AS
MANY AS
150,000
JEWS). BEMPORAD EXAMINES THE
WAYS
IN
WHICH
JEWS
REACTED TO AND REMEMBERED THE
UNPRECEDENTED VIOLENCE OF THE POGROMS, AND THE
STRATEGIES THEY ADOPTED TO CONFRONT ACCUSATIONS OF
RITUAL
MURDER.
CONTRARY TO OFFICIAL SOVIET CLAIMS, THERE
WERE NUMEROUS BLOOD
LIBEL
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST
JEWS
IN THE USSR, AND THE RESPONSE TO THEM
BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES RANGED FROM INDIFFERENCE
TO ENDORSEMENT TO FIERCE CONDEMNATION. SOVIET
POGROMS WERE INDEED A RARITY, AND FOR DECADES
JEWS
ACKNOWLEDGED THE RED ARMY AS THEIR SAVIORS
FROM THE POGROMS OF THE
CIVIL
WAR. BUT POGROMS
SPIKED
IN THE USSR IN THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH OF
WORLD WAR
II.
BY TRACING THE "AFTERLIFE" OF POGROMS AND
BLOOD LIBELS IN THE USSR, LEGACY
OF
BLOOD
SHEDS
LIGHT ON THE BROADER QUESTION OF THE CHANGING
POSITION
OF
JEWS
IN SOVIET SOCIETY. IN DOING SO,
BEMPORAD TELLS THE STORY OF THE EVER-CHANGING
AND
AT TIMES AMBIVALENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE SOVIET STATE AND THE JEWISH MINORITY GROUP.
IT
ALSO ADDRESSES QUESTIONS OF HATRED AGAINST
JEWS,
QUESTIONS THAT HELP US BETTER UNDERSTAND
CONTEMPORARY ANTISEMITISM IN EUROPE AND THE
UNITED
STATES.
ELISSA
BEMPORAD
IS ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR OF
HISTORY
AT QUEENS COLLEGE AND THE
GRADUATE CENTER * CUNY AND JERRY AND WILLIAM
UNGAR CHAIR IN EAST EUROPEAN JEWISH HISTORY
AND
THE HOLOCAUST AT QUEENS COLLEGE. SHE IS THE
AUTHOR OF
BECOMING
SOVIET
JEWS:
THE BOLSHEVIK
EXPERIMENT
IN
MINSK, WHICH WON THE NATIONAL
JEWISH BOOK AWARD AND THE FRAENKEL PRIZE IN
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY. SHE IS CO-EDITOR OF
WOMEN
AND
GENOCIDE:
SURVIVORS, VICTIMS,
PERPETRATORS.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX
A
NOTE
ON
TRANSLITERATION
XIII
INTRODUCTION:
FROM
BLOOD
LEGACIES
TO BLOODLANDS
1
1
THE
POGROMS
OF
THE
CIVIL
WAR AND THE SOVIET-JEWISH ALLIANCE
14
2
THE
AFTERLIFE
OF
THE
BEILIS
AFFAIR:
THE
BLOOD
LIBEL
IN
THE SOVIET
UNION
35
3
THE
POGROMS AS SOVIET (JEWISH)
SITES
OF
MEMORY
57
4
HOW
THE
RITUAL
MURDER
ACCUSATION
PERSISTED IN
THE SOVIET LANDSCAPE
88
5
MYTH AND REALITY:
THE
"ABSENCE"
OF
THE POGROMIN THE LANDS
OF
THE SOVIETS
107
6
FROM
CANNIBALISM TO
POLITICAL
MURDER: MODERN PERMUTATIONS
OF
THE
BLOOD
LIBEL
126
CONCLUSION:
BETWEEN MEMORY AND
OBLIVION
147
NOTES
155
SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
207
INDEX
227
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People (CAHJP), Jerusalem, Israel F30 Russia (A, Rafaeli-Zenzipper Collection) Derzhavniy arkhiv Lvivskoi oblasti (DALO), Lviv, Ukraine Fond R-239 Prokuratura Lvovskoi oblasti Prokuratury USSR, Sledstvenniy otdel Gosudarstvenniy arkhiv Kievskoi oblasti (GAKO) (Derzhavnyi arkhyv Kiyvskoi oblasti), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 3050, Kievskaia raionnaia komissia Evreiskogo obshchestvennogo komiteta po okazaniiu pomoshchi postradavshim ot pogromov Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv rossiiskoi federatsii (GARF), Moscow, Russia Fond 296, Komitet pro prosveshcheniiu natsionalnikh menshchinstv pri Narkompros RSFSR (Komnats RSFSR) Institute for Jewish Research Archives (YIVO), New York RG 80, Mizrakh Yidisher Historisher Arkhiv (Elias Tcherikower Collection) RG 89, Gunzburg, Bron Horace de (Naftali Herz) RG 222, Institut der NSDAP zur Erforschung der Judenfrage RG 347.7.1, American Jewish Committee, Foreign Affairs Department, Foreign countries RG 358, Rosen, Joseph. Papers, 1921-1938 Joint Distribution Committee Archives ( JDC), New York Collection 21/32 Russia Collection 45-64 Poland, USSR Records of the New York Office of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1921-1932 Lietuvos Ypatingasis Archyvas (LYA) (Lithuanian Special Archives, Section of KGB Documents), Vilnius, Lithuania Fond 1, Security Committee (KGB) of Lithuania SSR Fond 11, Ministry of Interior of the Lithuanian SSR (NKVD-MVD)
208 · Selected Bibliography Tsentralnyi derzhavniy arkhyv gromadskikh obednan Ukrainy (TsDAGOU), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 1, Tsentralniy komitet kompartii Ukrainy Tsentralniy derzhavniy arkhyv-muzei literaturi i mistetstva Ukraini (TsDAMLM Ukraini), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 767, Kagan Abram Yakovlevich, evreiskii sovetskii pisatel Tsentralnyi derzhavniy arkhyv vishikh organiv vladi ta upravlinnia Ukrainy (TsDAVOU), Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 413, Tsentralnaia komissia natsionalnikh menshinstv pri VUTsIK (TsKNM) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives (USHMM), Washington, DC RG-31.018M, Postwar War Crimes Trials related to the Holocaust, 1945-1970 RG-31.026M, Selected Records from the former archives of the Communist Party of Ukraine, 1941-1950 RG-31.057M, Documents of the Kiev Oblast Commission for Relief to Victims of pogroms RG-31.060M, Selected Records related to the history of the Jews in the Zhytomir re gion of Ukraine, 1917-1957 RG-50.226, 50.477, Oral histories Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Fond 50, Mykolą Leontovych Music Society NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS Bezbozhnik u Stanka Der ernes Der moment Der shtern Der veker Evreiskaia starina Evreiskii krestianin Haynt He-avar Istoricheskie zapiski Izvestiia Jewish Telegraphic Agency Komune Komunistishefon Krigerisher apikoyres Lubliner tagblat Oktyabr Pravda Revoliutsiia i tserkov: ezhemesiachnyi zhurnal
Selected Bibliography · 209 Robitnik poltavshchini Sovetish heyndand Tribuna evreiskoi sovetskoi obshchestvennosti Tsaytshrift. Ukrainskyi kurer Yunger arbeter Yunger leninets Zviazda PERSONAL INTERVIEWS Esfir Bramson, Vilnius, October 2010 Arye and Sofia Dranovsky, New York City, May 2018 Hannah Rosenthal, New York City, May 2018 PRIMARY SOURCES Afanasev, Iurii Nikolaevich, and V. P. Kozlov, eds. Istoriia stalinskogo gulaga; konets 1920-kh—pervaia polovina 1950-kh godov: sobrante dokumentov v semi tomakh. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2004. Agurskii, Samuil. Evreiskii rabochii v komunisticheskom dvizhenii (1917-1921). Minsk: Gos. izd. Belorussii, 1926. Altshuler, Mordechai, Arad Itskhak, and Shmuel Krakovskii, eds. Sovetskie evreipishut Ilie Erenburgu, 1943-1966. Jerusalem: Center for Research and Documentation of East European Jewry at Hebrew University, 1995. APPO Leningradskogo oblastkoma VKP(b). Na borbu s antisemitizmom: materiały dita agitátorov i besedchikov. Leningrad: APPO Len. obk., 1929. Barkovskii, M. Chto nado znat kazhdomu о khristianskom i evreiskom prazdnikepaskhi. Novgorod: Novgor. okruzh. izdat., 1928. Beevor, Antony, and Luba Vinogradova, eds.A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941-1945. New York: Pantheon Books, 2005. Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir. Krovavyi navet na khristian. Petrograd: Zhizn i znanie, 1918. Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir. Znamenie vremeni: ubiistvo Andreta lushchinskogo і deh Beilisa. Vpechatleniia kievskogoprotsessa. St. Petersburg: Zhizn i znanie, 1914. Budovnits, L, ed. Protsess Shvartsbarda vparizhskom sude. Leningrad: Krasnaia gazeta,
1928. Chamy, Daniel. Ayortsendlik aza, 1914-1924. New York: Tsiko Bikher farlag, 1943. Comité des delegations juives. The Pogroms in the Ukraine Under the Ukrainian Governments (1917-1920): Historical Survey with Documents and Photographs. London: J. Bale and Danielsson, 1927. Dimanshtein, Shimon, ed. Yidn infssr: Zamlbukh. Moscow: Der emes, 1935. Dmitrev, D. Krovavyi navet і khristianskaia tserkov. Moscow: Gos. izdat., 1932.
210 · Selected Bibliography Dobun, E. Pravda o evreiakh. Leningrad: Krasnaia gazeta, 1928. Draitser, Emil. Shush l Growing UpJewish Under Stalin: A Memoir. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. Dubnow, Simon M. Kniga zhizni: Materiały dlia istorii moego vremeni: vospominaniia і razmyshUniia. St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie, 1998. Dubnow, Simon M., and Grigory I. Krasnyi-Admony, eds. Materiały dlia istorii antievreiskikh pogromov v Rossit. Vol. 1. Petrograd: Kadimah, Istorikoetnograficheskoe obshchestvo, 1919. Edison, Jerzy. My Four Years in Soviet Russia. Translated by Maurice Wolfthal. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2013. Ehrenburg, Ilya. Burnaia zhizn Łazika Roytshvantsa. Munich: Fink, 1974. Ehrenburg, Ilya. Liudy, gody, zhizn: Vospominaniia v trekh tomakh. 3 vols. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel, 1990. Ehrenburgf, Ilya, and Vasily Grossman, eds. The Complete Black Book ofRussian Jewry. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 2002. Engel, David, ed. The Assassination of Symon Petliura and the Trial of Scholem Schwarzbard, 1926-1927: A Selection ofDocuments (Archive ofJewish History and Culture, voi. 2). Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck Sc Ruprecht, 2016. Evobshchestkom. Pogromy, uchinennye belopoliakami: ofitsialnye dokumenty, obsledovaniia, і svidetelskiepokazania. Moscow, 1921. Evrei, klassovaia borba ipogromy. Kharkov: Izdaníe Khark. otd. ukrainsk, tsentr. agent. po snabzh. і rasprostran. proizved. pechati, 1919. Evreiskiipogrom na zavode “Novki. ”Vitebsk: Izdanie vitebskogogubvoenrevkoma, 1920. Faygnberg, Rakhil. Letopis mertvogogoroda. Leningrad:
Priboi, 1928. Faygnberg, BsMA.Apinkesfun a toytershtot (khurbn Dubove). Warsaw: Akhisefer, 1926. Faygnberg, Rokhl. Untern hamer. Tel Aviv: Beiamei zeam, 1942. Frumkina, Mariia (Ester). Doloi ravvinov. Moscow: Krasnaia nov, 1923. Fuchs, Eduard. DieJuden in der Karikatur: Ein Beitrag zur Kulturgeschichte. Munich: Albert Langen, 1921. Galant, Ilia. Dva ritualnikh protsessa: po aktam Kievskogo tsentralnogo arkhiva. Kiev: Tip. Kiev pechat, 1924. Gessen, Iulii. “Ritualnye protsessy 1816 goda.” Evreiskaia starina 4, no. 2 (1912): 144-63. Giebov, V. Sovremennyi antisemitizm i borba s піт. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia, 1927. Głowiński, Michal. TheBUck Seasons. Translated byMarci Shore. Chicago : Northwestern University Press, 2005. Goldberg, Ben Zion. Yidn in ratnfarband: zeyer lage, zeyereprobhmen, zeyer tsukunfi. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1965. Goldman, Emma. My Disillusionment in Russia. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1923. Gorev, M. Protiv antisemitov: ocherki і zarisovki. Moscow, Leningrad: Gos. izdat, 1928. Gusev-Orenburskii, Sergei I. Bagrovaia kniga. Pogromy 1919-1920 gg. na Ukraine. Harbin: DEKOPO, 1922.
Selected Bibliography Gusev-Orenburskii, Sergei I. Kniga 0 · 211 evreiskikh pogromakh na Ukraine v 1919 g. Petrograd, n.d. Heifetz, Elias. The Slaughter of the Jews in the Ukraine in 1919. New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1921. Heilikman, Tuvia. Geshikhtejun der gezelshaftlekher bavegungfun di yidn in Poyln un Rusland. Moscow: Tsentraler farlag far di felker fun FSSR, 1926. Hodoshevitsh, K., S. Yofe, and M. Mogilnitski. Undzer royte heym: arbet-bukh af gezehhaftkentenishfarn 4tn lernyor. Moscow: Tsentraler felker farlagfun FSSR, 1931. Kantor, L. M. Tuzemnye evrei v Uzbekistane. Samarkand: Uzbek, gos. izdat. UzSSR, 1929. Khanin, Nokhem. Soviet rusland: vi ikh hob irgezen. New York: Farlag Veker, 1929. Khurbn Proskurov: tsum ondenken fun di heylike neshomes vos zaynen umgekumen in der shreklekher shkhite vos iz ongefirt gevornfun di Haydamakes. New York: Levant Press, 1924. Khvolson, Daniil A. 0 nekotorikh srednevekovikh obvineniakhprotiv evreev: istoricheskoe issledovanie po istochnikam. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Tsederbauma і Goldenbliuma, 1880. Kilimnik, L. I., ed. Kommunisticheskaia vlastprotiv religii Moiseia: Dokumenty 19201937і 1945-1953gg. Vinnitsa: “Khrani i pomni,” 2005. Kipnis, Itsik. Khadoshim un teg: a khronik. Kaev: Kultur-Lige, 1926. Kiselev, G. I. O kreshchenii і obrezanii. Moscow: Ogiz, 1937. Kostyrchenko, Gennady, ed. Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm v SSSR ot nachala do kulminatsii, 1938-1953. Moscow: Materik, 2005. Kychko, Trofim. Iudaizm bezprykras. Kyiv: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1963. Lagarf, P. Obrezanie: Ego sotsialnoe і religioznoeznachenie. Moscow:
KrasnaiaNov, 1923. Lagovier, N. Antisemitizm i borba s піт. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe iuridicheskoe izdatelstvo, 1930. Larin, Yuri. Evrei і antisemitizm v SSSR. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstvo, 1929. Ledat, G. Antisemitizm i antisemity: voprosy i otvety. Leningrad: Priboi, 1929. Leneman, Leon. La tragèdie desJuifs en U.R.S.S. Paris: Desclée De Brouwer, 1959. Lenin, Vladimir. Lenin Collected Works. Voi. 20. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972. Leningradskii, S. Kto і za ehto ustraival pogromy nad evreiami. Moscow: Krasnaia nov, 1924. Liadov, L. О vrazhde k evreiam. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1927. Maleev, A. F. Tridtsatsdnei evreiskogopogroma v m. Krivoe-Ozero: Iz lichnykh nabliudenii і perezhivanii russkogo uchitelia. Odessa: Izdanie odessogo gub. otdela narodnogo obrazovaniia, 1920. Margolis, Osher. Yidishe folksmasn in kamf kegn zeyere unterdriker. Moscow: Der emes, 194ο. Miliakova, L. В. Kniga pogromov: pogromy na Ukraine, v Belorussii i evropeiskoi ehasti Rossii v periodgrazhdanskoi voiny, 1918-1922. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2007. Nir-Rafalkes, N. Ershteyorn. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1960.
212 · Selected Bibliography Osherovich, Mendi. Shtetun shtetlekh in Ukraine un in andere teylnխո Rusland:forshung in yidisher geshikhte un yidiskn lebnsshteyger. 2 vols. New York: M. Osherovich yubiley komitet, 1948. Ostrovskii, L. Diyidn in Ratnfarband. Paris: Undzer eynikayt, 1949. Ostrovskii, Zalman S., ed. Evreiskiepogromy, 1918-1921. Moscow: Shkola і kniga, 1926. Polishchuk, Tamara, ed. Stolytsia vidchaiu: Holodomor 1932-1933 rr. na kharkivshchyni vustamy ochevydtsiv: svidchennia, komentari. Kharkiv: “Berezil,” Vydavnytstvo M.P. Kots, 2006. Polnyi stenografisheskii otchet Kutaisskago dela. St. Petersburg: Tip. Tsederbauma і Goldenbliuma, 1879. Program far gezelshafikentenish in di yidishe zibnyorike shuln. Minsk: Folkombild fun Vaysrusland, 1928. Programfun der yidisher shprakh un literaturfarn 1 un II kontsenterխո der zibnyoriker sovetisher politekhnisher shul (shtotisher, fabrik-zavodisher un kolvirtisher shul) un metodiske onvayzungen էտս dem. Minsk: Gezelshaftkentenish in di yidishe zibnyorike shuln, tsveyter kontsenter, 1928. Programխո yidish un literaturfar zibnyoriker shul mit metodiske brio էտս der program. Minsk: Folkombild fun Vaysrusland, 1927. Programfun der yidisher shprakh un literaturfarn I un II kontsenterfun der zibnyoriker sovetisher politekhnisher shul (shtotisher, fabrik-zavodisher un kolvirtisher shul) un metodishe onvayzungen tsu dem. Moscow: Tsentraler felker farlag, 1930. Program խո gezehhaßkentenish far I-IV lemyor in der politekhnisher shul. KharkovKiev: Folkskomisariat far bildung Ukraine, 1932. Rabinovich, S. Istorila grazhdanskoi voiny:
Kratkii ocherk. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe sotsialno-ekonomicheskoe izdatelstvo, 1935. Rafes, Yulian. Derogami moei sudby: vostochnaia Evropa XX vek: shtrikhi zhizni v vospominaniiakh vracha. Baltimore, MD: VIA Press, 1997. Railein, Ben-Ari. Ha-bimah. Chicago: L. M. Shtayn, 1937. Rapoport, Yakov. The Doctors’ Plot of1953: A Survivor s Memoir ofStalin s Last Act of Terror AgainstJews and Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991. Revutsky, Abraham. In di shvere teg oyf Ukraine: zikhroynes խո a yidishn minister. Berlin: Yidisher literarisher farlag, 1924. Riklin, H. “Chekistn.” Di royte velt 1, no. 2 (January-February 1-2) (1931): 56-76. Rindziunski, Alexander. Húrban Vilna. Lohamei ha-getaot, Israel: Beit lohamei ha-getaot, 1987. Rolnikaite, Masha. Doroga domoi. Moscow: Svidetel, 2016. Rosenthal, Eliezer David. Megilat ha-tevah. Homer le-divreiyemei ha-peraot veha-tevah ba-yehudim be-Ukrainah, be-rusyah ha-gedolah uve-Rusyah ka-levanah. 3 vols. Jerusalem, Tel Aviv: Havurah, 1927-1931. Rozental, Nisn. Yidish Ubn in ratnfarband. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1971. Ruslan, Pyrih, ed. Holodomor 1932-1933 rokiv v Ukraini: Dokumenty i materiały. Kyiv: KMA, 2007.
Selected Bibliography · 21 з Rybin, Alexei T. Stalin i delo vrachei: Zapiski svideteliia. Moscow: Gudok, 1995. Ryvkin, Miron. “Velizhskoe delo v osveshchenii mestnykh predanu i pamiatnikov.” Perezhitoe 3 (1911): 69-81. Samuel, Maurice. Blood Accusation: The Strange History of the Beilis Case. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1966. Sandormirskii, Yuri. Puti antisemitizma v Rossit. Moscow: Gosudarstevnnoe izdatelstvo, 1928. Semashko, N. Kto ipochemu trávit evreev. Moscow: Ogiz, 1926. Schramm, Helmut. Der Jüdische Ritualmord: Eine Historische Untersuchung. Berlin: Theodore Fritsch Varlag, 1943. Shaporina, Liubov V. Dnevnik. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2011. Sheinman, M. M. 0 ravvinakh і sinagogakh, Briansk: Soiuz bezbozhnikov SSSR і glavpolitprosvet, 1928. Shtif, Nokhem I. Pogromen in Ukraine: di tsayt fun di fřayviliger arrney. Berlin: Vostok, 1923. Sliozberg, Genrikh. Delo minuvshikh dnei: zapiski russkogo evreia. Paris: Imprimerie Pascal, 1934. Smoliar, Hersh. Eun ineveynik: zikhroynes vegn “Yevsektsyeľ Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1978. Smoliar, Hersh. Af dkr letster pozitsye mit der ktster hofenung. Tel Aviv: Peretz farlag, 1982. Sosis, Israel. Di geshikhtefun di yidishe gezehhafllekhe shtrebungen in Rusland in 19tn y’h. Minsk: Vaysrusisher melukhe farlag, 1929. Sviatoi muchenik Gavriil Belostokskii: Nebesnyi pokrovitel detei і podrostkov. Minsk: Belorusskaia pravoslavnaia tserkov, 2009. Sviatoi otrok Gavriil: Srednevekovaia Beilisiada. Moscow: Ateist, 1922. Stetskevich, V. V., V. O. Shaikan, and R. P. Shlyakhtych, eds. Krivii Rih: Likholittia
1941-194S (Istorichnyi narisni). Krivii Rih: Vidavnichnyi tsenter DVNZ “KNU,” 2015. Tager, Alexander. Tsarskaia Rossiia i delo Beilisa. Moscow: Ogizf, 1933. Tager, Alexander. The Decay of Czarism: the Beilis Trial. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1935. Tcherikower, Elias. Antisemitizm i pogromy па Ukraine, 1917-1918 gg. Berlin: “Ostjudisches Historisches Archiv,” 1923. Tcherikower, Elias, ed. In der tkufe fun revolutsye: memuarn, materyaln, dokumentn. Berlin: Yidisher literarisher farlag, 1924. Terkel, Betsalel. Di zun fargeyt baym Amu-daria: Funem phytim-Ubn in ratnfarband. Buenos Aires: Tsentral farband fun poylishe yidn in Palestine, 1963. Tininis, Vytautas, ed. Komunistinio režimo nusikaltimai Lietuvoje 1944-1953: Sovietų Sąjungos politinių struktūrų, vietiniųjų padalinių bei kolaborantų vaidmuo vykdant nusikaltimus 1944-1953. 3 vols. Vilnius: Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija, 2003.
214 . Selected Bibliography Tokarev, S. A. Etnografiin narodov SSSR: btoricheskie osnovy byta i kultury. Moscow: Izdatelstvo moskovskogo universiceca, 1958. Vermel, S. S. Moskovskoe izgnank, 1891-1892: vpechatleniia, vospominaniia. Moscow: Der emes, 1924. Yaroslavskii, Emilian. Razvemutym firontom: o zadachakh і metodakh antireligioznoy propagandy. Moscow: Bezbozhnik, 1929. Zamyslovskii, Georgy G. UbiistvoAndreialushchinskogo. Pecrograd: Novoe vremia, 1917. Zhigalin, G. L.Prokliatoenasledie (ob antisemitizme). Moscow: Molodaiagvardia, 1927. Z-skii, P. Evreiskii karmannyikalendar-spravochnik na 1925-26god. Sverdlovsk: Izdanie sverdlovskoi evreiskoi obshchiny, 1925. Zalcsberg, I. B. Yidishe komunistri vegn deryidn-fiage in ratnfarband. Tel Aviv: Fraync fun yidisher kulcur, 1957. Zilber, Yiczchak. To Remain a Jew: The Life of Rav Yitzchak Zilber. Jerusalem: Feldheim, 2010. Zinger, F. Yidnproletaryer in FSSR. Moscow: Der emes, 1933. SECONDARY SOURCES Abramson, Henry. A Prayerfor the Government: Ukrainians andJews in Revolutionary Times, 1917-1920. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Universicy Press, 1999. Aicshuler, Mordechai. “The Discress of Jews in che Soviec Union in che Wake of che Molocov Ribbencrop Pace.” Yad Vashem Studies 36, no. 2 (2008): 73-114. Aicshuler, Mordechai. “More Abouc Public Reacción co che Doccors’ Ploc.” Jews in Eastern Europe 2, no. 30 (1996): 24-57. Aicshuler, Mordechai. “The Parry and Popular Reacción co che ‘Doccors’ Ploc’ (Dnepropecrovsk Province, Ukraine).” Jews in Eastern Europe 2, no. 21 (1993): 49-65. Aicshuler, Mordechai. Religion and Jewish Identity in
the Soviet Union, 1941-1964. Waltham, MA: Brandeis Universicy Press, 2012. Aicshuler, Mordechai. Yehudei Mizrah Kavkaz: toledot ha-yehudim hahareriim mereshit ha-meah ha-teshah esreh. Jerusalem: Mekhon Ben-Tsevi le-heker kehilor Yisrael ba-Mizrah, 1990. Amar, Tarik C. The Paradox of Ukrainian Lviv: A Borderland City Between Stalinists, Nazis and Nationalists. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. Amar, Tarik C. “Yom Kippur in Lviv: The Lviv Synagogue and the Soviet Party State, 1944-1962.” East European Jewish Affairs 35, no. 1 (2005): 91-110. Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. San Diego, CA: Harcourt, 1994. Aronov, Gelii, ed. Shtetl yak fenomen evreiskoyi istorii: sbirnik naukovykh prats. Kyiv: Institut Iudaiki, 1999. Assmann, Aleida. Shadows of Trauma: Memory and the Politics ofPostwar Identity. Translated by Sarah Clift. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016.
Selected Bibliography · 215 Astashkevich, bina. Gendered Violence: Jewish Women in the Pogroms 1917 to 1921. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2018. Avrutin, Eugene M. The Velizh Affair: Blood Libel in a Russian Town. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Avrutin, Eugene M., Jonathan Dekel-Chen, and Robert Weinberg. Ritual Murder in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Beyond: New Histories of an Old Accusation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017. Bankier, David, and Israel Gutman, eds. Nazi Europe and the Final Solution. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2003. Baron, Salo W. The Russian Jew Under Tsars and Soviets. New York: Schocken Books, 1987. Bartov, Omer, and Eric D. Weitz. Shatterzone ofEmpires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. Bauer, Yehuda. The Death ofthe Shtetl. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. Bauman, Zygmunt. Life in Fragments: Essays in Postmodern Morality. Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1995. Beizer, Michael. Relief in Time of Need: Russian Jewry and the Joint, 1914-1924. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2015. Bemporad, Elissa. Becoming Soviet Jews: The Bolshevik Experiment in Minsk. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. Bemporad, Elissa. “Dubnovs Wayward Son: Israel Sosis and the Legacy of Russian Jewish Historiography.” Polin: Studies in PolishJewry 29 (December 2016): 105-19. Bemporad, Elissa, and Joyce Warren, eds. Women and Genocide: Survivors, Victims, Perpetrators. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2018. Bergoffen, Debra В. Contesting
the Politics of Genocidai Rape: Affirming the Dignity of the Vulnerable Body. New York: Roudedge, 2012. Bertelsen, Olga. “The House of Writers in Ukraine in the 1930s: Conceived, Lived, Perceived.” Carl Beck Papers 2302 (August 2013): 4-72. Biale, David. Blood andBelief: The Circulation ofa Symbol BetweenJews and Christians. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Biale, David. Power and Powerlessness in Jewish History. New York: Schocken Books, 1986. Birnbaum, Pierre. Λ Tale ofRitual Murder in the Age ofLoius XIV: The Trial ofRaphael Levy, 1669. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. Blee, Kathleen M. Inside Organized Racism: Women in the Hate Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. Blobaum, Robert, ed. Antisemitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. Borovoi, S. “Natsionalno-osvoboditelnaia voina ukrainskogo naroda protiv polskogo vladychestva, i evreiskoe naselenie Ukrainy.” Istoricheskie zapiski 9 (1940): 81-124.
216 · Selected Bibliography Boyarín, Daniel. Unheroic Conduct: The Rise ofHeterosexuality and the Invention ofthe Jewish Man. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Brent, Jonathan. Stalins Խտէ Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948-1953. New York: Harper Collins, 2003. Brodkin, Karen. How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998. Bronner, Stephen Eric. A Rumor About the Jews: Antisemitism, Conspiracy, and the Protocoե ofZion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Budnitskii, Oleg. “Jews, Pogroms, and the White Movement: A Historiographical Critique.” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 2, no. 4 (Fall 2001) : 1-23. Budnitskii, Oleg. Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. Burds, Jeffrey. Holocaust in Rovno: A Massacre in Ukraine, November 1941. New York: Paigrave Macmillan, 2013. Burds, Jeffrey. “Turncoats, Traitors, and Provocateurs: Communist Collaborators, the German Occupation, and Stalins NKVD, 1941-1943.” East European Politics and Societies and Cultures 20, no. 10 (2017): 1-33. Cala, Alina. The Image oftheJew in Polish Folk Culture. Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press, 1995. Cesarmi,Da.vid.FmalSolution: TheFateoftheJews, 1933-1949- London: Macmillan, 2016. Charny, Semen. “Krovavye navety v SSSR.” In Tirosh: Studies in Judaica. Vol. 6, edited by M. Chlenov and K. Rempel Moscow: Judaica Rossica, 2003,207-17. Chichopek, Anna. “The CracowPogrom ofAugust 1945.” In ContestedMemories:
Poles andJews During the Holocaust and ItsAfiermath, edited by Joshua D. Zimmerman. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003,221-38. Chopard, Thomas. The First Catastrophe of East European Jewry: Wars, Pogroms, Displacement and Survival, 1914-1924. PhD diss., École des hautes études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2017. Cohen, Jeremy, and Moshe Rosman. Rethinking European Jewish History. Oxford: Liftman Library ofJewish Civilization, 2009. Conquest, Robert. The Great Terror: A Reassessment, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Deák, Istvánján T. Gross, and TonyJudt, eds. The Politics ofRetribution in Europe: World War II and Its Afiermath. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. Dean, Martin. ColUboration in the Holocaust: Crimes ofthe Local Police in Belorussin and Ukraine, 1941-1944. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L. Farming the Red Land:Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924-1941. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005. Dekel-Chen, Jonathan L., David Gaunt, Natan M. Meir, M. Natan, and Israel Bartai, eds. Anti-Jewish Violence: Rethinking the Pogrom in East European History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.
Selected Bibliography · 217 Della Pergola, Sergio. “World Jewish Population, 2016.” In American Jewish Year Book 2016. Voi. 116, edited by Arnold Dashefsky and Ira M. Sheskin. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 253-332. Dumitru, Diana. “Returning Home After the Holocaust. Jewish-Gentile Encounters in the Soviet Borderland.” In The Holocaust and European Societies: Social Processes and Social Dynamics, edited by Frank Bajohr and Andrea Low. London: Paigrave Macmillan, 2016,307-21. Dundės Alan, ed. The Blood Libel Legend: A Casebook in Anti-Semitic Lolklore. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. Dundovich, Elena. “Russian Memory of the First World War.” In The Pirst World War: Analysis and Interpretation. Voi. 1, edited by Antonello Biagini and Giovanna Motta. Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 61-70. Dvornichenko, A. I., and S. O. Shmidt, eds. Pamiati akademika Sergeia Fedorovicha PUtonova: isskdovaniia i materiały. St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2011. Dymshits, Valery A., Alexander L. Lvov, and Alla V. Sokolova, eds. Shtetl XXI vek: Polevye issledovaniia. St. Petersburg: Evropeiskii universitet, 2008. Engel, David. “Patterns of Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland, 1944-1946.” Yad Vashem Studies 26 (1998): 43-85. Estraikh, Gennady. In Harness: Yiddish Writers’ Romance with Communism. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005. Fishman, David E. The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasuresfrom the Nazis. Lebanon, NH: ForeEdge, 2017. Foucault, Michel. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de
France, 1975-1976. Edited by Mauro Bertani and Alessandro Fontana. New York: Picador, 2003. Frankel, Jonathan. The Damascus Affair: “Ritual Murder,” Politics, and theJews in 1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Frankel, Jonathan. “‘Ritual Murder’ in the Modern Era: The Damascus Affair of 1840.” Jewish Social Studies 3, no. 2, (1997): 1-16. Freedman, Robert O., ed. SovietJewry in the Decisive Decade, 1971-80. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1984. Frevert, Ute. Emotions in History: Lost and Found. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2011. Friedman, Saul S. Pogromchik: The Assassination of Simon Petlura. New York: Hart, 1976. Galili, Ziva. “The Soviet Experience of Zionism: Importing Soviet Political Culture to Palestine.” Journal of Israeli History, Politics, Society, Culture 24, no. 1 (2005): 1-33. Galili, Ziva, and Boris Morozov. Exiled to Palestine: The Emigration ofSoviet Zionist Convicts, 1924-1934. New York: Roudedge, 2006.
218 · Selected Bibliography Gerrits, André W. M. The Myth ofJewish Communism: A Historical Interpretation. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009. Gilley, Christopher. “Beyond Petliura: The Ukrainian National Movement and the 1919 Pogroms.” EastEuropean Jewish Affairs 47, no. 1 (2017): 45-61. Gilman, Sander L. Difference and Pathology Stereotypes ofSexuality, Race, and Madness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. Gilman, Sander L. Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language ofthe Jews. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University, 1986. Gilman, Sander L. TheJew’s Body. New York: Routledge, 1991. Ginzburg, Natalia. The Little Virtues. New York: Arcade, 2013. Gitelman, Zvi. A Century ofAmbivaknce: TheJews ofRussia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. Glaser, Amelia. Jews and Ukrainians in Russia’s Literary Borderlans: From the Shtetl Fair to the Petersburg Bookshop. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2012. Graziosi, Andrea, Lubomyr A. Hajda, and Halyna Hryn, eds. After the Holodomor: The Enduring Impact of the Great Famine on Ukraine. Cambridge, MA: Ukrainian Research Institute, 2013. Greenbaum, Abraham Alfred. Jewish Scholarship and Scholarly Institutions in Soviet Russia, 1918-1953. Jerusalem: Hebrew University ofJerusalem, Centre for Research and Documentation of East European Jewry, 1978. Greene, Robert H. Bodies Like Bright Stars: Saints and Relics in Orthodox Russia. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010. Gross, Jan T. “After Auschwitz: The Reality and Meaning of Postwar Antisemitism in Poland.” In
Studies in Contemporary Jewry. ѴЫ 20, edited by Jonathan Frankel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005,199-226. Gross, Jan T. Fear: Antisemitism in Poland After Auschwitz: An Essay in Historical Interpretation. New York: Random House, 2006. Gross, Jan T. Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. Guesnet, François, andGwenJones, eds.AntisemitismintheEraofTransition:Continuities and Impact in Post-Communist Poland and Hungary. Frankfurt Am Main: Peter Lang, 2014. Harris, Marvin. Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches: The Riddles of Culture. New York: Vintage, 1989. Hayes, Peter. Why і ExpUining the Holocaust. New York: W. W. Norton, 2018. Herf, Jeffrey. The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda During World War II and the Holocaust. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008. Himka, John Paul. “The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists and the Carnival Crowd.” Canadian Slavonic Papers 53, nos. 2-4 (2011): 209-43. Hoberman James. Bridge ofLight: YiddishFilmBetween Two Worlds. New York: Museum of Modern Art: Schocken Books, 1991.
Selected Bibliography · 219 Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. New York: Vintage, 1994. Hoffman, David. Peasant Metropolis: Social Identities in Moscow, 1929-1941. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994. Holquist, Peter. Making War, Forging Revolution: Russia’s Continuum of Crisis, 19141921. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Hosking, Goeffrey A. The First Socialist Society: A History of the Soviet Union fiom Within. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. Hundert, Gershon David, ed. The YIVO Encyclopedia ofJews in Eastern Europe. 2 vols. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008. Husband, William B. “Godless Communists”: Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia, 19171932. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000. Hyman, Lumer.Lenin on theJewish Question. New York: International Publishers, 1974. Ippolitov, G.M. “An ton Ivanovich Denikin: eskiz istoriko-psikhologicheskogo portreta.” Vestnik russkoikhristianskoigumanitarnoiakademii 18, no. 4 (2017): 31-42. Ippolitov, G. M. “Anton Ivanovich Denikin: novye legendy, sotvorennye na styke XX-XXI stoledi.” In Rossiia v usloviakh krizisov XIX-XX vekov, edited by R. R. Khisamutdinov. Orenburg: Orenburgskii gosudarstvenniy pedagogicheskii universitet, 2017,202-8. Ivanova, V. Velikii kinemo: katalogsokhranivshikhsia igrovykhfilmov v Rossii: 1908-1919. St. Petersburg: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2002. Jacobson, Julius, ed. Soviet Communism and the Socialist Vision. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1972. Jäkel, Elana J. “Ukraine Without Jews”? Nationality and
Belonging in Soviet Ukraine, 1943-1948. PhD diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013. Johnson, Hannah. Blood Libel: The Ritual Murder Accusation and the Limit ofJewish History. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012. Johnson, Sam. “‘Pogrom’ in the Anglo-American Imagination, 1881-1919.” In Jews in the East European Borderlands: Essays in Honor ofJohn D. Klier, edited by Eugene Avrutin, and Harriet Murav. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2012,147-66. Jolluck, Katherine R. Exile and Identity: Polish Women in the Soviet Union Uuring World War II. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2002. Judd, Robin. Contested Rituals: Circumcision, Kosher Butchering, and theJewish Political Life in Germany, 1843-1933. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. Judt, Tony. Postwar: A History ofEurope Since 1945. New York: Penguin Press, 2005. Kaganovitch, Albert. The LongLife and Swift Death ofJewish Rechitsa: A Community in Belarus, 1625-2000. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013. Kálik, Judith. “Christian Servants Employed by Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.” Polin 14 (2001): 259-70. Kalman, Mihály. Shtetl Heroes: Jewish Armed Self-Defense fiom the Pale to PaUstine, 1917-1970. PhD diss., Harvard University, 2017.
220 · Selected Bibliography Kan, Sergei. Lev Shternberg: Anthropologist, Russian Socialist, Jewish Activist. Lincoln: University ofNebraska Press, 2009. Kassow, Samuel D. Who Will Write Our History? Emanuel Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghetto, and the OynegShabes Archive. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007. Katzenelson, Lev L, David Gunzberg, and Shimon M. Dubnow, eds. Evreiskaia Entsiklopediia: svod znanii о evreistve i ego kulture vproshlom і nastoiashem. 16 vols. St. Petersburg: Brokgauz-Efron, 1906-13. Kekesi, Zoltan. “Icons in Exile: The Travels of an Anti-Semitic Image Cult? Jahrbuch fur Antisemitismusforschung 25 (2016): 154-70. Kelner, Viktor E. “Dubnov, Platonov i drugie (Komissia dlia nauchnogo izdaniia dokumentov ritualnykh protsessov v Rossii. Petrograd, 1919-1920).” In Ocherkipo istorii russko-evreiskogo knizhnogo deL· vo vtoroipolovimXIX—nachaleXX v, edited by 1.1. Frolov. St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaia natsionalnaia biblioteka, 2003,186-221. Kelner, Viktor E. Missioner istorii: zhizn i trudy Semena Markovicha Dubnová. St. Petersburg: Mir, 2008. Kenez, Peter. The Defeat of the Whites: Civil War in South Russia, 1919-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. Kenez, Peter. “Pogroms and White Ideology in the Russian Civil War.” In Pogroms: AntiJewish Violence in Modern Russian History, edited by John D. Klier and Shlomo Lambroza. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992,293-313. Khiterer, Viktorií. Jewish Pogroms in Kiev During the Russian Civil War, 1918-1920. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2015. Khlevniuk, Oleg V. The History ofthe GuUg: From
Collectivization to the Great Terror. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. Khonigsman, Yakov S. Liudy, gody, sobytia: Stati iz nashei davnei і nedavnei istorii. Lvov: Lvovskoe obshchestvo evreiskoi kultury im. Sholom Aleykhema, 1998. Kieval, Hillel. “Death and the Nation: Ritual Murder as Political Discourse in the Czech Lands.” Languages ofCommunity: TheJewish Experience in the Czech Lands. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000,181-97. Kieval, Hillel, “lhe Importance of Place: Comparative Aspects of Ritual Murder Trial in Central Europe.” In Comparing Jewish Societies, edited by Todd M. Edelman. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997,135-65. Kieval, Hillel. “The Rules of the Game: Forensic Medicine and the Language of Science in the Structuring of Modern Ritual Murder Trials.” Jewish History 26, nos. 3-4 (2012): 287-307. Klier, John D. Imperial Russia’s Jewish Question, 1855-1881. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Klier, John D. “Krovavyi navet v russkoi pravoslavnoi traditsii.” In Evrei і khristiane v provosUvnykh obshchestvakh vostochnoi Evropy, edited by M. V. Dmitrieva. Moscow: Indrik, 2011,181-205. Klier, John D. “The Origins of the ‘Blood Libel’ in Russia.” Newsletter of the Study Group on Eighteenth Century Russia 14 (1986): 12-22.
Selected Bibliography · 221 Klier, John D. Russians, Jews and the Pogrom Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Klier, John D., and Shlomo Lambroza, eds. Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Klotz, Alissa. The Kitchen Maid That Will Rule the State: Domestic Service and the Soviet Revolutionary Project, 1917-1941. PhD diss., Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 2017. Kokin, Serhii, and MarcJunger, eds. Velykyі terror v Ukraini: “Kutkulskaoperatsiia”19371938gg. 2 vols. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim “Kyievo-mohylianska akademiia,” 2010. Kopstein, Jeffrey, and Jason Wittenberg. Intimate Violence: Anti-Jewish Pogroms on the Eve ofthe Holocaust. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. Korey, William. “The Origins and Development ofSoviet Anti-Semitism: An Analysis.” SUvic Review ՅԼ no. 1 (1972): 111֊35. Korey, William. Russian Antisemitism, Pamyat, and the Demonology ofZionism. Chur, Switzerland: Published for Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism (SICSA),Hebrew University ofjerusalem, by HarwoodAcademic, 1995. Korey, William. The Soviet Cage: Anti-Semitism in Russia. New York: VikingPress, 1973. Kotik, Meir. Mishpat Schwarzbard: rotseah-nakam al reka ha-pogromim be-Ukminah. Israel, Haderah: Mirale neyar Haderah, 1972 Kuromiya, Hiroaki. The Voices of the Dead: Stalins Great Terror of the 1930s. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007. Langmuir, Gavin I. Toward a Definition of Antisemitism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Lamelle, Marlène. Le Rouge et le
noir. Extrême droite et nationalisme en Russie. Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 2007. Leikin, Ezekiel, ed. The Beilis Transcripts: The Anti-Semitic Trial That Shook the World. Nördivale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1993. Levin, Zeev. “Antisemitism and the Jewish Refugees in Soviet Kirgizia, 1942.” Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe 1, no. 50 (2003): 191-203. Lewin, Moshe. “Society, State and Ideology During the First Five Year Plan.” In Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928-1931, edited by Sheila Fitzpatrick. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984,41-77 Lindemann, Albert S. Esau’s Tears: Modem Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews, 1870-1933. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Lindemann, Albert S. The Jew Accused: Three Anti-Semitic Affairs (Dreyfus, Beilis, Frank), 1884-1915. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Lohr, Eric. Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign Against Enemy Aliens During World War I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003. Lohr, Eric. “The Russian Army and the Jews: Mass Deportation, Hostages, and Violence During World War I.” The Russian Review 60, no. 3 (2001) : 404-19. Lokshin, Alexander. “The Doctors’ Plot: The Non-Jewish Response.” InJews andJewish Life in Russia, edited by Yaakov Ro’i. Ilford, UK: Frank Cass, 1995,157-67.
222 · Selected Bibliography Lokshin, Alexander. “Iz istorii krovavogo naveta v Sovetskom soiuze.” Lechaim 11 ( 139) 2003: https : / /lechaim.ru/ARHIV/ 139/lokshin .htm Lower, Wendy. “Pogroms, Mob Violence, and Genocide in Western Ukraine, Stimmer 1941: Varied Histories, Explanations, and Comparisons.” Journal of Genocide Research 13, no. 3 (2011): 217-46. Maciejko, Pawel. The Mixed Multitude: Jacob Frank and the Frankist Movement, 17551816. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Mak, Irina. “Sledstvie vedet rezhisser: deio Beilisa v kino.” Lekhaim 7, no. 255 (July 2013): 122-23. Malher, Rafael. Der nekhtn, haynt un morgn fun di yidn in ratnfarband. Buenos Aires: Yidish folk, 1950. Manheim, Ralph, ed. Adolf Hider, Mein Kampf New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Marples, David R. Heroes and Villains: Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2007. Matt, Susan J. “Recovering the Invisible: Methods for the Historical Study of the Emotions.” In DoingEmotions History, edited by Susan J. Matt and Peter N. Stearns. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014,41-54. McGeever, Brendan E “The Bolshevik Confrontation with Antisemitism in the Russian Revolution, 1917-1919.” PhD diss., University of Glasgow, 2015. McGeever, Brendan E “Revolution and Antisemitism: The Bolsheviks in 1917.” Patterns ofPrejudice 51, nos. 3-4 (2017): 1-18. McGeever, Brendan. “Revolution and Anti-Jewish Violence: The Bolsheviks ConfrontAntisemitism, 1917-1922.” Paper presented at the 49th Annual Convention of the ASEEES, November 2017. Melnyk,
Oleksandr. “Stalinist Justice as a Site of Memory: Anti-Jewish Violence in Kyiv’s Podil District in September 1941 Through the Prism of Soviet Investigative Documents 7 Jahrbücherfur Geschichte Osteuropas 61, no. 2 (2013): 223-48. Michlic, Joanna B. Poland’s Threatening Other: The Image ofthe Jew from 1880 to the Present. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Midlarsky, Manus I. The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Mitsel, Mikhail. Evrei Ukrainy v 1943-1953 gg: Ocherki dokumentirovannoi istorii. Kiev: Dukh і litera, 2004. Mitsel, Mikhail. Obshchiny iudeiskogo veroispovedaniia v Ukraine, Kiev-Lvov, 19451981 gg. Kiev: Sfera, 1998. Mitsel, Mikhail. “Posledniaia glava": Agro-Dzhoint v gody bolshogo terrora. Kiev: Dukh i litera, 2012. Modras, Ronald. The Catholic Church and Anti-Semitism, Poland 1933-1939. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1994. Mosse, George. Image ofMan: The Creation ofModern Masculinity. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press, 1996. Morozov, Iurii, and Tatiana Derevianko. Evreiskie kinematografisty v Ukraine, 1910֊ 1945. Kiev: Dukh i litera, 2004.
Selected Bibliography · 223 Myers, David N., and Kaye Alexander, eds. The Faith ofthe Fallen Jews; YosefHayim Yerushalmi and the Writing ofJewish History. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2014. Nakhmanovych, Vitaliy, Anatoliy, Podols’kyi, and Mykhaylo Tyagly, eds. Babyn Yar: Massove ubyvstvo і pamiat pro nogo. Materiały mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii. 24-25 zhovtnia 2011 r. m. Kyiv. Kyiv: Ukrains’kyi tsentr vyvchennia istorii Golokostu, 2012. Nemirovskii, A. A. “K voprosu о chisle zhertv evreiskikh pogromov v Fastove і Kieve.” Novyiistoricheskii vestnik·. http://www.nivestnik.rU/2006_l/4.shtml#_edn35 Nirenberg, David. Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Nora, Pierre, ed. Rethinking France: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Vol. 2: Space. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. Novikova, Liudmila. An Anti-Bolshevik Alternative: The White Movement and the Civil War in the Russian North. Translated by Seth Bernstein. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. O’Brien, Darren. The Pinnacle ofHatred: The Blood Libel and theJews. Jerusalem: Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, 2011. Oren I., ed. Kratkaia Evreiskaia Entsiklopediia. 7 vols. Jerusalem: Keter, 1976. Palij, Michael. The Anarchism ofNestor Makhno: An Aspect ofthe Ukrainian Revolution. Seatde: University of Washington Press, 1977. Patterson, Orlando. Rituals of Blood: The Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries. Washington, DC: Civitas/Counter Point, 1998. Penter, Tanja. “Collaboration on
Trial: New Source Material on Soviet Postwar Trials against Collaborators.” Slavic Review 64, no. 4 (Winter 2005): 782-90. Penter, Tanja. “Local Collaborators on Trial: Soviet War Crimes Trials Under Stalin (1943-1953).” Cahiers du Monde russe 49, no. 2 (2008): 341-64. Peris, Daniel. Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League ofthe Militant Godless. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. Petrovsky-Shtern, Yohanan. Lenin’s Jewish Question. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010. Pinkus, Benjamin. The Soviet Government and the Jews: 1948-1967: A Documentary Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Pinkus, Benjamin. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. Ρο-chia, Hsia R. The Myth ofRitual Murder: Jews and Magic in Reformation Germany. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988. Porter-Szucs, Brian. Faith and the Fatherland: Catholicism, Modernity, and Poland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Rapoport, Louis. Stalins War Against theJews: The Doctors’Plot and the Soviet Solution. New York: Free Press, 1990. Redlich, Shimon. Propaganda andNationalism in Wartime Russia: TheJewishAntifascist Committee in the USSR, 1941-1948. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1982.
224 · Selected Bibliography Redlich, Shimon. War, Holocaust and Stalinism: A Documented History of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR. New lork: Roudedge, 2016. Reznik, Semyon. The Nazification of Russia: Anti-Semitism in the Post-Soviet Era. Washington, DC: Challenge, 1996. Richter, Klaus. Antisemitismus in Litauen. Juden, Christen und die “Emanzipation’ der Bauern (1889-1914). Berlin: Metropol, 2012. Rogger, Hans. Jewish Policies and Right-Wing Politics in Imperial Russia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. Rose, Emily M. The Murder of William ofNorwich: The Origins ofthe Bkod Libel in Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Rowe-McCulloch, Maris. “Poison on the Lips of Children: Rumors and Reality in piscussions of the Holocaust in Rostov-on-Don (USSR) and Beyond” (unpub lished manuscript). Rubenstein, Joshua, and Vladimir P. Naumov. Stalins Secret Pogrom: The Postwar Inquisition ofthe Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2001. Rump, Reinhard. “A Success Story and Its Limits: European Jewish Social History in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.” Jewish Social Studies 11, no. 1 (2004): 3-15. Russell-Brown, Sherrie L. “Rape as an Act ofGenocide.” BerkeleyJournal oflnternational Law 21, no. 2 (2003): 350֊74. Ryan, James. Lenin’s Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence. London: Roudedge, 2012. Ryan, James. “The Sacralization of Violence: Bolshevik Justifications for Violence and Terror During the Civil War.”
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Selected Bibliography · 225 Sioin, Andrew. “Theorizing Soviet Antisemitism: Value, Crisis, and Stalinist ‘Modernity.’” Critical Historical Studies 3, no. 2 (Fall 2016): 249-81. Smilovitsky, Leonid. Evrei v Turove: Istoriia mestechka mozyrskogo Polesiia. Jerusalem: Tsur-Ot Press, 2008. Smilovitsky, Leonid. Jewish Life in Belorussia During the Final Decade of the Stalin Regime, 1944-1953. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2014. Smirnov, I. S., ed. Samoe vazhnoe iz vsekh iskusstv: Lenin 0 kino. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1963. Smith, Helmuth W. The Butcher’s Tale: Murder and Antisemitism in a German Town. New York: W. W. Norton, 2002. Smolii, V. A., ed.Holod 1932-1933 rokiv v Ukraini:prychyny ta naslidky. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 2003. Snyder, Timothy. Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning. New York: Tim Duggan Books, 2016. Snyder, Timothy. Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books, 2010. Snyderman, Elaine P., and Margeret T. Witkovsky, eds. Line Five, The Internal Passport: Jewish Family Odysseys from the USSR to the USA. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1992. Sokolova, Alla. “Between Ethnography of Religion and Anti-Religious Propaganda: Jewish Graphics in the Leningrad and Moscow Museums in the 1930s.” In Three Cities of Yiddish: St Petersburg, Warsaw, and Moscow, edited by Gennady Estraikh and Mikhail Krutikov. Oxford: Legenda, 2017. Solomon, Peter H. Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Sorokin, Pitirim A. Man and Society in CaUmity: The Effects of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence upon
Human Mind, Behavior, Social Organization and Cultural Life. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1946. Spring, Derek, and Richard Tylor, eds. Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. London: Routledge, 1993. S taliunas, Darius. Enemiesfor a Day: Antisemitism andAnti-Jewish Violence in Lithuania under the Tsars. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2015. Teller, Adam. “The Shted as an Arena for Polish-Jewish Integration in the Eighteenth Century.” Polin 17 (2004): 25-40. Thurston, Robert W. Life and Terror in Stalins Russia, 1934-1941. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998. Todorova, Maria. Imagining the Balkans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna. Legendy o krwi, antropologia przesądu. Warsaw: WAB, 2008. Trunk I. Geshtaltn un gesheenishn (historiske eşeyen). Buenos Aires: Tsentral-farband fun poylishe yidn in Argentine, 1962. Vardy, Steven Ba, and Agnes Huszdr Vardy. “Cannibalism in Stalins Russia and Maos China.” East European (Quarterly 41, no. 2 (2007): 223-38.
226 · Selected Bibliography Veidlinger, Jeffrey, ed. Going to the People: Jews and the Ethnographic Impube. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2026. Veidlinger, Jeffrey. In the Shadow ofthe Shtetl: Small-Town Jewish Life in Soviet Ukraine. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. Volkov, Shulamit. “Antisemitism as a Cultural Code: Reflections on the History and Historiography of Antisemitism in Imperial Germany.” Leo Baeck Yearbook 23 (1978): 25-46. Walke, Anika. Pioneers and Partisans: An Oral History ofNazi Genocide in Belorussia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Weinberg, Robert. The Blood Libel in Late Imperial Russia: The Ritual Murder Trial of Mendel Beilis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. Weinberg, Robert. “Demonizing Judaism in the Soviet Union in the 1920s.” Slavic Review 67, no. 1 (2008): 120-53. Weinberg, Robert. Stalins Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Homeland: An Illustrated History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. Wiese, Stefan. Pogrome im Zarenreich. Dynamiken kollektiver Gewalt. Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, HIS Verlag, 2016. Wodziński, Marcin. “Blood and Hasidim: On the History ofRitual Murder Accusations in Nineteenth-Century Poland.” Poland 22 (2010): 273-90. Worobec, Christine W. Possessed: Women, Witches, and Demons in Imperial Russia. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003. Yalen, Deborah. “‘On the Social-Economic Front’: The Polemics of Shted Research During the Stalin Revolution.” Science in Context 20, no. 2 (2007): 239-301. Yekelchyk, Serhy. Ukraine: Birth ofa Modern
Nation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Zavadivker, Polly. Blood and Ink:Jewish ChronicUrs ofCatastrophe in Twentieth Century Russia. PhD diss., University of California, Santa Cruz, 2013. Zavadivker, Polly, ed. 1915 Diary ofS. Ап-sky: A Russian Jewish Writer at the Eastern Front. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016. Zeltser, Arkadi. Evrei v sovetskoi provintsil·. Vitebsk і mestechki, 1917-1941. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2006. Zeltser, Arkadi. Unwelcome Memory: Holocaust Memory in the Soviet Union. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2018. Zipperstein, Steven].Pogrom: Kishinev andthe TiltofHistory. NewYork: Liveright, 2018.
INDEX For the benefit ofdigital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one ofthose pages. Figures are indicated by an italicƒfollowing the page number. Abakumov, Viktor, 139 Abramovna, Raisa, 116-17 absence of pogroms, myth of, 89-90,107-14, 123-25,150 accomplices, 63,165n86 acculturation, 7, 20, 33 accusations of ritual murder, see blood libels adoptions of Ukrainian children, 148 agency, Jewish, 124 agriculture collectivization of, 86,110-11 in Sovietization ofJews, 76,77/" Aleichem, Sholem: The Flood, 75 Alekseievka, Belorussia, 112-13 allegiance, Jewish, see Soviet-Jewish alliance ambivalence, Soviet to discussions of antisemitism, 55 in the Jewish-Bolshevik alliance, 21-22 in trials of pogromists, 64, 67-69 and universalization of suffering, 84-85 Andizhan, Uzbekistan, 151 Andrianov, Vasily, 139 anti-Bolshevism, 20, 21,22-23, 115, 126,135-36 anti-Christian conspiracy theories, 8-9 anti-Jewish prejudice, 46-47, 150 anti-Judaism, 9,94 Antireligious Exhibition ofthe Academy of Science ofthe USSR, 93-94 antisemitism blood libel in primitive expressions of, 46-47 Bolsheviks’ aversion to, 38 condemnation of, 74-75,102 gendered, 100-1 grassroots, 102-6 official condemnation of, 63-64,74-75, 91,144-45,150 postwar, 119-25,150-51 in Soviet lands, 11-13 state, 136-37,142-46 tsarist, 1,5-6,20,48,76 antisemitism, official campaign against in calls for pogroms, 111 education in, 45 end of, 121,136,146 limitations of, 11-13 modern lack of, 150 propaganda in, 74-75 regional lack of, in blood libels, 46-47 in restrained Jewish responses
to antisemitism, 53, 55-56 and the Schwarzbard trial, 66-67 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 21-23 “anti-Sovietness” antisemitism as, 70-71,74,90-91,124 of attacks against Jewish setders, 112-14 of blood libel in Lvov, 135 in civil war pogrom trials, 63-64 of the Trostianets Party apparatus, 60 archives reviewed for documents on ritual murder cases, 42-45 as sites of memory, 66, 79, 87 Arendt, Hannah, 34 Armenian genocide, 4 assimilation, 3, 7,33 atheism, 8,9,45-46,81-83,82f 93,94-95
228 · Index authorities, central in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 45-46, 50-53, 55 ambivalence of, in fighting antisemitism, 21-22, 55,64-66,67-69,84-85 antisemitism condemned by, 63-64,7475,91,144-45,150 conflicts of, in providing protections, 11-12 in equality for Jews, 2 and modern blood libels, 130,131,133,135, 136,139,142-46 and the myth of the absence of pogroms, 108-9,112-13,118-21,122-23,124 official positions on antisemitism, 119-21,124,142-46 in persistence of blood libels, 91-92 in prosecutions of pogromists and blood libels, 10, 58-59,63-66 in the Schwarzbard trial, 67-69 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 15-16,21-22, 24-27,30-31,34 in universalization of memory, 74-75,81-87 see also antisemitism, official campaign against authorities, local and regional in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 39,4647,49-52,53-54 in anti-Jewish violence, 2 belief in ritual murder of, 10 deficiencies of, in countering antisemitism, 31 disapproval ofJewish agency by, 124 failure of, to punish perpetrators, 59 former pogromists as, 59-60 in historiography, 79 inaction of, on Odessa pogroms, 73 in Lvov blood libel, 132,135 in modern blood Übels, 139, 145 in post-WWII antisemitism, 119 in post-WWII pogroms, 122-23 in property restitution, 30-31 in the Soviet-Jewish alhance, 24-27, 34 in trials ofpogromists, 63-65 and World War II pogroms, 115-16 see also police, local authority, Jewish, 15-16,68,100-1 see also power/empowerment ofJews Babel, Isaac: Gedali, 109 Babi Yar (Babyn Yar), 87 backlash, potential, in restrained responses to blood libels, 53-54 “banditry,” 62-64,176n31
Beilis, Menachem Mendi, 8-9, 36 Beilis affair, 8-9,10,22-23,35-56, 147,148-49 see also Doctors’ Plot belief in blood libels and ritual murder in the afterhfe of the Beilis affair, 37-39,43-44 in anti-Judaism, 9 modern, 135-36,138,149 persistence of, 10,89-90,94-95 respectability of, 170n38 Belorussia (Belarus), 3,4-5,19,68,80-81, 104,112-13,116 Belyov, Russia, 48-49, 52 Berdyczewski, Micha Yosef, 14-15 Berdyczewski, Moshe Arn, 14-15 Bergelson, Dovid, 71 Beskin, Tanya, 139-40 Bialik, Chaim Nahman: In the City of Slaughter, 74 birth rate, civil war pogroms in, 32-33 Black Book project, 87 Black Hundreds, 35-36,37,46,82f “Black Years of Soviet Jewry,” 13,150 Blinov, Ivan, 42 Blondes, David, 96-97,187n38 Bloodlands, defined, 3 blood libels in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 46-48 in blood legacies, 1-2 legacy of, 8-12 modern, 126-46 in pogroms, 1-2, 3 proletarian courts defending against, 40-41 in Soviet cities, 46-48 blood libels, responses/reactions to in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 41-44, 49, 50-51,52-54, 55-56 modern, 144-45,146 in the Soviet landscape, 88-89,101-2 bloodthirstiness, 129-30 Bobruisk (Babruysk) investigative commission, 109 Bolshevik Party, 107-9,110 Bolshevik Revolution, 15,33-34,39,76, 148-49,152 Bolshevism, Jewish, 2-3,8-9,39,120-21 Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir, 36, 37 bourgeoisie, Jewish, 45-46,70-71,75 bourgeois nationalism, 53, 54,86,90-91, 122-23,150 boycotts ofJewish businesses, 65-66 Breshko-Breshkovskii, Nikolai: Vera Cheberiak and the Blood Libel, 36-37 brochures, anti-religious, 94 brotherhood of peoples
Index · defined, 64 Jews excluded from, during the Cold War, 136-37 in persistence of blood libels, 97,98-100 universal sites of memory in, 75, 85-75,118 Buinaksk, Dagestan, 145 Bund, Central Committee of, 20 Bundists, 21 butchering, kosher, 91-93,95,96f 103-4,132 cannibalism, 105-6,129-36 Cantonist decree of 1827,79-80 Caucasus, 31,46-48,143-44 Central Asia, 31,46-48,101-2,129, 143-44,188n53 Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party, 25-26, 50-51,64 chaplains, military, 35-36 Cheberiak, Vera, 37 Cheka (Soviet Secret Police), 2-3 Cherkassy Beilisade, 49-51 Cherkassy region, 54 Chernitskii, Belorussia, 98 Chomskii, Alexander, 22-23 Chomskii Trial, 22-23 Chradzhou, Turkmenistan, 47-48 Chronicle ofa Dead City (Faygnberg), 73 circumcision, 91-94,103-4,186n22,186n28 citizenship in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 41-45, 50-51 legacy of pogroms in, 10 and modern blood libels, 129 persistence of blood libels in, 91,94-95 and the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 18, 24-27 Soviet sites of memory in, 59, 64, 81-83,84-87 civil war Chomskii trial, 22-23 epicenters ofgenocidai violence in, 18-19 legacy ofpogroms in, 4-8 property restoration following, 27-31 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 3, 20-22, 24-27,31-34 see also pogroms, civil war era class, socioeconomic, 49-50,75, 76-78,79-80 class-struggle principle, 21-22,70-71 clergy, Russian Orthodox, 38-39,46 Cold War cannibalism accusations during, 105-6,130-36 central authorities’ inaction on blood libels during, 144-45 Doctors’ Plot, 13,136-42,147,201n74 229 official campaign against religion in, 143-44,145-46 see also postwar period
commemorations/commemoration ceremonies, 83-84,107,123 Communist Party officials, 48-49, 51 Communist Party of Ukraine, Central Committee of, 120-21 Communist Youth League, 111 condemnation, official of antisemitism, 6364,74-75, 91,144-45,150 cosmopolitanism, 137, 150 Cossacks, 17,19,62-63,74,75 counter-revolution, 68,70-71, 81-83,113, 132,133 Court is in Session, The (Leningrad Traveling Theater), 78-79 courts proletarian, 40-41 regional, 64-65 Soviet, 64-65,68,112-13 Cracow, Poland, 131 Crime and Consciousness (Kahan), 55 Crimson Book: The Pogroms of1919-1920 (Gusev-Orenburgskii), 180n77 crisis, social, 9,11-12,13,103 culture ofviolence, 59,86 death tolls, 7,17-18,32-33, 58 decree on antisemitism, 9-10 deicide, charge of, 8-9,35-36,96 demographics civil war pogroms in, 32-33 in Jewish responses to blood libels, 52 Denikin, Anton, 4-5,6,18-19,151-52 Deremes, 113 Dimanshtein, Simon, 108 dislocation and displacement, 32-33, 34, 98, 103,109-10,149,151 disloyalty, see loyalty/disloyalty, Jewish Dneprodzerzhinsk, Ukrainian SSR, 141 Dnepropetrovsk (Dnipro), Ukraine, 134-35,141-42 Doctors’ Plot, 13,136-42,147,201n74 double standards, Soviet, 64 Druzhinin, Vasiliy, 42 Dubnow, Simon, 42,74,79,182nl01 Dubossary, Ukraine (Moldova), 98 Dubovo, Ukraine, 14-19,63,73 Eastern Front, 116-17,129-30 economics/economic relations in Dubovo, 15,17 in grassroots antisemitism, 103 in persistence of blood libels, 89-90,97,98 Edison, Jerzy, 115-16,123 Egoriesk, Russia, 68
230 · Index Ehrenburg, Ilia, 87,124-25, 144-45 Eisenstein, Sergei, 55 emotions in antisemitism, 11-12 evoked by blood libel, 41-42 memory of pogroms in, 61 Empires Prestige, The (Sheinin), 55 employment, 57-58,59-60,89-90,120-21 ethnic cleansing, 19, 32-33,65-66,132, 135-36,166n89 see also genocide ethnic relations/tension leniency toward pogromists in, 86 in local responses to blood libels, 49-50 in Lvov, 131-32,133 memory ofpogroms in, 57-58,59 and the myth of the end ofpogroms, 112 in post-WWII pogroms, 121 and the Schwarzbard trial, 66-67 in Trostianets, 58 ethos, Soviet national-universal, 85 Evobshchestkom (Jewish Committee to Aid the Victims of the Pogroms), 58-59, 66,175n9 Evsektsiia (Jewish section of the Communist Party), 21,53-54, 56 exhibitions, 69-71,93-94,107 fascism/fascist Europe, 3,108-9,114,122,135 see also Germany, Nazi Fastov (Fastiv), Ukraine, 28f 28-31, 34, 163-64n70 Faygnberg, Rachel, 16-17, 27, 159n3 Chronicle ofa Dead City, 73 Untem hamer, I63n65 Flood, The (Aleichem), 75 folklore, 9,143-44,149 Frankel, Jonathan, 8 Frumkin, Ester, 21 Frunze, Kirghizia, 129-30 Gedali (Babel), 109 gender and civil war pogroms, 32-33 in memory ofviolence, 74 in perceptions ofJewish men, 97,105 of victims and perpetrators, 65-66, 96102,99/104-6,188n53 see also rape genocide epicenters of, 18-19 escalating violence of, 28-29 impulses to, in blood legacies, 3 . rape in, 29,165n86,166n89 trauma and place in, 166n92 see also ethnic cleansing geopolitics, 33-34,136-37 Germany, Nazi collaboration with, 86,116-18,133,135, 136,152 official marginalization ofJews in, 12
propaganda of, 105-6,118,124,126-30, 128/133 WWII occupation by, 15,115,116-18, 124,127-29 girls, adolescent as victims of rape, 19,21,29,32-33,108 as victims of ritual murder, 96-98 Godless at the Workplace, The (League of Militant Atheists), 45-46,81-83,82f, 93,94-95,95-96/ Goldman, Emma, 29, 34 Goloshchekin, Filipp, 127-29 Gomel (Homel), BSSR, 68,74-75 Gorodische (Horodysche), Ukraine, 71 GPU (Soviet Secret Police), 39,49,57-58, 59-60,66-67 Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 80-81 Great Terror, 88,117 “Great Turn,” 110-11 Green Army, 4-5 Grinberg, Zachar, 42 Grodno (Hrodna) ritual murder trial documents, 44-45 Gudin, Vyacheslav, 148 Gulag, 13,141-42,150 Gusev-Orenburgskii, Sergei: Crimson Book: The Pogroms of1919-1920, 180n77 historiography, 78-81,182nl01 History ofJewish Sodai Trends in Russia in the Nineteenth Century (Sosis), 80 Hider-Stalin pact, 114-15 Holocaust, 74-75,86-87,119-21,123,151-52 Holodomor, 117,134 “hooliganism,” 144 iconography in anti-Jewish propaganda, 126 in persistence of blood libels, 98-100,99f identity blood libels and pogroms in, 13 Catholic, in Polish-Ukrainian alliance, 135-36 ethnic, in the Soviet system, 97 memory of anti-Jewish violence in, 7 pogrom monuments in, 60
Index · 231 ideology in the campaign against antisemitism, 74-75 in defining “pogrom,” 113 in historiography of anti-Jewish violence, 74-75,79 Marxism, 45,46-47,73-74,76-78,79-81, 142-43,182nl01 in persistence of blood libels, 89-90,100 in representations of tsarist pogroms, 75,76-78 in the Schwarzbard trial, 67 in trials of perpetrators, 62-63 industrialization, 11-12,86,110-11,123-24 insurgents, civil war, 16-17,18-19,27, 28-29 intelligentsia, Jewish, purges of, 13,147 intermarriage, 33,97,98-100 International Jewry, 137 interwar period Beilis affair in, 8-9,35-56 continuity of anti-Jewish violence in, 1-2 Judeo-Bolshevism narrative in, 3 prosecutions of perpetrators in, 8-10,12 Soviet/Jewish sites of memory in, 57-87 In the City ofSlaughter (Bialik), 74 Investigating Blood Libel Trial Materials, Commission for, 42-44,147 Investigation of the History of Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Russia, Commission for, 79 investigations of blood libels and anti-Jewish violence of the Beilis affair, 36 in Belyov, 48-49 of cannibalism accusations, 129-30 by the Commission for Investigating Blood Libel Trial Materials, 42-44 in Dagestan, 46-47 Jewish action in, 52, 53-54,63-64 in Kaniev, 50-51 in the legacy of blood libels, 9 in Lvov by NKVD, 132-33 in Minsk, 41-42,88-89 in Poland, compared to Soviet Russia, 52-53 Revkoms indifference to, 62 ofTrostianets by the GPU, 57-58,59-60 of WWII pogroms by NKGB, 118 Yiddish press on, 64-65 see also prosecutions; trials Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, 147 Iudovin, Solomon: “The Ritual Slaughterer,” 93-94 Jewish Joint Distribution
Committee (JDC), 30,137,175n9 Jewish Pogroms, 1918-1921, 71,72f Jewish Ritual Murder, The (Schramm), 127 Jewish Section of the Commissariat for National Minorities, 44-45 Jewish War Section, Red Army, 23 Jews and Antisemitism in the USSR (Larin), 46-47,48 Judaism without Embellishment (Kychko), 143 Judeo-Bolshevism narrative anti-communist accusations legitimating, 135-36 in blood libels, 3,8-9,126-30 in civil war era pogroms, 5-7, 15 -16,22 in competing memories, 74-75 German occupation as liberation from, 116 modern legacy of, 151-52 in Nazi propaganda, 118, 126-30 and post-WWII antisemitism, 124-25 and ritual murder of the Romanovs, 147 in the Schwarzbard trial, 66-67 Soviet fears of, 11-12, 64 in WWII pogroms, 117-18 justice lack of, in the culture of violence, 58-59 revolutionary, and Soviet nationaluniversal ethos, 85 kahal, in historiography, 79 Kahan, Avraham: Crime and Consciousness, 55 Kaniev (Kaniv), Cherkassy, 49-51,54,97-98 Kemerovo, Siberia, 149 Kharkov (Kharkiv), Ukraine, 19, 26-27, 3031, 57-58,101,107,112-13 Kherson, Ukraine, 110-11 Khilevich, Alexander, 63-64 Khrushchev, Nikita, 120-21,122-23,143-44 Kielce, Poland, 131 Kiev (Kyiv), Ukraine blood libels in, 110-11,127-29 commemoration ceremonies in, 84 local authorities in post-war Jewish return to, 119-20 Podol investigation in, 118 pogroms in, 65-66,117,121-23 purge of Ukrainian nationalists in, 67 re-Sovietization of, 120 women in the 1919 pogrom in, 65-66 see also Beilis affair Kipnis, Itsik, 3,80-81,83,87 Months and Days, 71, 87 Kirghizia, Soviet, 129,130
232 · Index Kishinev, Russian empire (Moldova), 74-75,79 Kievan, Rovno (Rivne) province, Ukraine, 62 Kolchak, Alexander, 4-5 Kommunist (Buinaksk), 145 Komsomol, 52,57,112-13 Komsomolskaia Pravda, 113 Kornilov, Lavr, 35-36 Krasnyi-Admony, Grigoriy, 42,43-44,79 Kristallnacht, 114-15 Krivoy Rog (Kryvyi Rih), Dnepopetrovsk, 134-35 Krylenko, N. V., 37-38,168nl5 kulaki (landowning peasants), 76-78, 80-81,86 Kulbak, Moshe, 184nl22 Kupyansk, Ukraine, 110 Kusmenek (Kosminek), Poland, 52-53 Kychko, Trofim:Judaism without Embellishment, 143 labor camps, 141-42 land setdement, 76,98,103,112-13 Larin, Yuri, 76-78 Jews and Antisemitism in the USSR, 46-47,48 League of Militant Atheists: The Godless at the Workplace, 45-46,81-83,82f, 93,94-95 Leers, Johann Von, 127 legacy of Hider in Soviet territories, 119-21 legal systems, 36, 53,54-55 legitimation of anti-Jewish violence, 113-14,117 of the end to the campaign on antisemitism, 120-21 of genocide, rape in, I65n86 of the Soviet system, 85 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 9-10,35-36,40,108, 127-29,146,167n7 Leningrad, 112,134 Leningrad Doctors’ Plot, 138-39 literature pogrom, as a site of memory, 71-73 Soviet, in the persistence of blood libels, 94 Yiddish, 80-81 Lithuania, 116,142-44 Litin, Vinnitsa (Vinnytsia), 75 looting class in Soviet depictions of, 76-78 in the Dubovo pogroms, 17-19 in Fastov, 28-29 property sales as, 27 by Red Army soldiers, 6-7, 62, 63 in Trostianets, 58 by Ukrainian peasants, 76-78 women in, 65-66 see also property restitution loyalty/disloyalty, Jewish, 5-7 see also Soviet-Jewish alliance Lvov, Aleksandr, 149 Lvov (Lviv),
Soviet Ukraine, 130-36 Mabl: The Bloody Stream, 75 Makarov (Makariv), Ukraine, 111 Makhachkala, Dagestan, 46-47,145 Makhno, Nestor, 4-5,177n33 Makhno band, 64-65,110-11 Malakhovka, 150-51 Maleev, A. F.: Thirty Days oftheJewish Pogrom in the Town ofKrivoe-Ozero, 73 Malenkov, Georgy, 139 Malo-Mikhailovka (Malo-Mikhaylivka), Ukraine, 110-11 marches, anti-religious, 93 marginalization, economic, 12 Margolis, Osher, 79-80 Markish, Peretz, 71 Volyn, 80-81 Marxism antisemitism through lens of, 73-74,76-78 in historiography of anti-Jewish violence, 79-81,182nl01 religiosity in, 142-43 on ritual murder, 46-47 socioeconomic expressions of antisemitism in, 45 see also ideology “Matzah of Zion, The” (MAUP), 148-49 MAUP (Interregional Academy of Personnel Management), 148-49 Medvyn, Kiev province, 127 memoirs, 73 memorials, 83-84, 123 Memory, 147 memory/sites of memory in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 54-56 competition for, 84-87 in connection of WWII pogroms with civil war era, 116-17 in coping with the Holocaust, 123 in ethnic relations, 57-62 in folklore, 149 in historiography and education, 78-81 in representations of tsarist pogroms, 75-78 in the Schwarzbard trial, 66-69 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 33, 34 Soviet/Jewish sites of, 57-87 and Soviet pogroms during World War II, 114-15
Index · 233 Soviet universalization of, 84-85 trials in, 62-66 of tsarist pogroms, 75-78 universalization of, 81-84,118 used by non-Jews in punishing Jews, 124 in WWII pogroms, 116 men, Jewish images of, in persistence of blood libels, 93 in Soviet propaganda, 100 as threat to non-Jewish women, 97,105 Mendele Mocher Seforim, Odessa, 107, 189n2 MGB (Ministry for State Security), 139 migration, mass of Soviet Jews, 149, 151 Mikhoels, Solomon, 119 military service for Jews, 181-82n99 minority groups, modem, 152-53 Minsk, Belorussia, 38-39,41-42,88-89, 92-93,104,123 Mitrofanov, K. M., 186n28 modernization, 8, 89-90,98-100, 105-6,143-44 Mogilev (Mahilyow), Belorussia, 35-36,113 Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact, 114-15,131 Months and Days (Kipnis), 71, 87 monuments, 60-62,61/ 69-70,151-52 Moscow, 24-26,40-41,139-40 murder medical, 136-42 political, 105-6,127-29 rape in legitimizing, 165n86 Muslims in blood libel accusation, 46-48 nationalism/nationalists bourgeois, 53,54,86,90-91,122-23 in civil war era pogroms, 4-6 Jewish, 53,54,70-71 Ukrainian, 4-6,22,67,70-71,86,122,143 National Minorities Commissariat, Jewish section, 44-45 National Minorities Commission (Ukraine), 26 National Minorities Department of the People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, Ukraine, 26-27 neighbors blood libels by, 49-50, 51,101,149 in the Dubovo pogroms, 15,16-18 looting by, 30-31,65-66,119-20 memory ofviolence by, 61 participation of, in pogroms, 29-30, 32 post-WWII antisemitism of, 119-20 rape by, 32-33 relationships with, destabilized by pogroms, 21-22,24 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance,
29-30,34 testifying against, 63 in violence against neighbors, 16-17, 67,71 New York Herald Tribune, 145 Nicholas II and family, murder of, 127-29,147 NKGB (Peoples Commissariat for State Security), 118,121-22,134-35 NKVD (Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 26-27,115,129-30,132-33 Obodivko (Obodivka), Ukraine, 24,57 Odessa (Odesa), 73,107,110-11 officials, Soviet blood libels by, 48-49 former pogromists as, 59-60 in the investigation of Trostianets, 57-58, 59-60 On Baptism and Circumcision, 94 Operation Vistula, 135-36 organ harvesting, 148 Orthodox Jews, 22,142-43 Ovruch, Ukraine, 24,63, 83-84 OZET (Society for Setding Toiling Jews on Land), 76-78,77-78/ Pale of Setdement, 5-6,52,75-76 Party Life (Central Committee of the Communist Party), 150 Passover in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 40,41, 46-47,49-50, 53 in modern media and folklore, 149 in modern permutations of blood libel, 129-30,134,137,141,144 in persistence of blood libels, 88,92,9495,96,97-98,101-2,103-4 Passover plot, 129-30 patriotism Russian, 152 Soviet Jewish, 76,108-9,136-37 peasants kulaki, 76-78,80-81,86 newly urbanized, in persistence of blood libels, 89-91 participation of, in pogroms, 16-17,18-19, 28-30,116 People s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), 26,27 perpetrators (pogromists) accountability for, 63-64 as actors in pogrom films, 75 Beletsky, Stepan, 37 Bondar, Grigory, 64-65 Dubenskii, Aron, 83-84 Dubnitskiy, Dimitryi, 63-64
234 · Index perpetrators (pogromiste) (cant.) Fedak, Ivan M., 133,136 Fishenko, Nikita, 57-58, 59-60 former, as local authorities, 59-60 gender of, 65-66, 97,98-102 Ivanov-Barkov, Yevgenyi, 75 Krasovskii, Nikolai, 23 leniency toward, in ethnic relations, 86 modern glorification of, 151-52 Party-cell membership of, 57 Shikula, Vasily, 101 trials of, 62-66 persistence of antisemitism, 12-13 of belief in blood libels and ritual murder, 10,89-90,94-95 of blood libels, 8-10, 36,88-106 petitions in dedaringjewish allegiance, 24-26 in the Doctors’ Plot, 139 in investigating blood libels, 50-51 on kosher slaughter, 91 against post-WWII pogroms, 122 for trials, 62, 63-64 to the Volunteer Army, 28-29 Pediura, Symon assassination of, 66-69 in Belorussian elementary school texts, 80-81 in civil war era pogroms, 4-5,6, 16-17, 18-19,25,28-29 in the Fastov pogrom, 28-29 modem glorification of, 151-52 in official campaigns against Judaism, 143 official condemnation ofpogroms by, 18-19 responsibility of, for pogroms, I6ln32 as a site of memory, 86 World War II pogroms as vengeance for, 116 Petrograd, 37 photographs in the Moscow exhibition of 1923, 69-70 in persistence of blood libels, 93-94 Platonov, Sergei, 42,43-44,158n34 Podol (Podil), Ukraine, 117,118 Podolia, Ukraine, 24,32,57-58,62-63,73 pogromists. see perpetrators (pogromists) “pogrom politics,” 6 pogroms blood libels in,1-2,3 memory of, in blood legacies, 1 military, 4-7,18-19,28-29,108 myth of absence of, 107-14,123-25,150 reactions to, 80,122-23 as sites of memory, 57-87 state-sponsored, Stalin era, 13,147,150 tsarist, 75-81
pogroms, civil war era central and local authorities in, 24-27 and the Chomskii trial, 22-23 death toll from, 7, 17-18, 58 depiction of, in 1928 OZET poster, 76-78 Dubovo, 14-19,63,73 escalations ofviolence in, 16-17,19 legacy of, 4-8 memory and oblivion of, 151-52 and property restitution, 27-31 as sites of memory, 57-87 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 34 trauma from, in making Soviet Jewry, 31-34 Trostianets, 57-62 see also civil war “pogrom talk,” 130-31,135,144 “pogrom,” uses and definitions of, 109-10, 111-13,114-15,152-53,204-5n24 poisoning of children, 138,139-41 Pokrovsk, Ukraine, 112-13 Poland, 12,52-53,103-4,105,109,116 police, local criminal investigation of blood libels by, 47 interventions by, 130-31,132-33,135,144 in post-WWII pogroms, 121 responses of, to blood libels, 49-50 in World War II pogroms, 115-16 see also authorities, local and regional police, Soviet secret Cheka, 2-3 GPU, 39,49, 57-58, 59-60,66-67 see also NKGB; NKVD police, tsarist, 68 Polish-Soviet war, 4-5 Polish-Ukrainian alliance, 135-36 politics of memory, Soviet, 68-69,73,75-76, 118,151-52 politics/political landscape in the Doctors’ Plot, 138,140-42 in evolving blood libels, 146 Jewish women in, 100-1 pogroms changing, 21 reactionary, 74-75 transitions in, 123-24,132 Poltava, Ukraine, 51, 91,101 population decline and movement of, 14, 58-59,149,151 posters, 76-78,141-42 post-traumatic stress disorder, 32 postwar period “absence” ofpogroms in, 107-25 afterlife of the Beilis affair in, 55
Index · 235 antisemitism in, 105-6,119-21,142-46 Judeo-Bolsbevism narrative in, 3 modern blood libels in, 126-46 pogroms during, 118,121-23 see also World War II power/empowerment ofJews in accusations ofwomen as predators, 105 in antisemitism, 11-12 in civil war pogroms, 15-16 in grassroots antisemitism, 103 joining the Bolsheviks in, 22-23 in persistence of blood libels, 89-90,98 resistance to, in calls for pogroms, 110-11 in responses to blood libels, 52 rumors of in the pogrom at Trostianets, 58-59 Schwarzbard trial in, 67-68 in trials, 63-64,68 power structures, Bolshevik, 20, 31,122 Pravda, 70-71,101,112-13,114 press Bolshevik, on trials of Red Army soldiers, 62-63 on investigations and trials, 64-65 Polish Catholic, in persistence of blood libels, 103-4 press, Soviet in the Doctors’ Plot, 137 non-use of “pogrom” by, 112-13 on pogroms in Nazi Germany, 114 in Post-WWII official antisemitism, 145,146 reporting on blood libels, 52-53,101,104 review of the Moscow exhibition in, 70-71 Schwarzbard trial in, 66-67 wartime censorship of, 115 press, Yiddish on blood libels by Soviet officials, 51 on blood libels in Poland, 104 interventions by, 56 on Minsk blood libel accusations, 41-42 power of, 168nl5 report of 1937 Minsk blood libel in, 88-89 Soviet-Jewish rescue myth in, 108-9 on trials, 64-65 propaganda anti-Bolshevik, 16,22-23,35-36, 74-75,126-30,195n2 anti-religious, in the persistence of blood libels, 89-91,92,93-94,100,103-4 anti-Soviet, 35-36 anti-Zionist, 150 in the association ofJews with communism, 22 Chomskii trial as, 23 fascist, 188n54 Nazi,
105-6,118,124,126-30,128/ 133 Soviet, 12-13,70-71,74-75,92-93, 100,103-4 Vipper trial as, 37 propaganda, antisemitk blood libel and Judeo-Bolshevism in, 126-30 circumcision in, 186n28 by Communist Party members, 48-49 criminalization of, in changing Soviet antisemitism, 113-14 in the destruction of Dubovo, 14 in the Doctors’ Plot, 137,141-42 in Lvov blood libel, 133 in the pogroms at Dubovo, 16 Russian Orthodox clergy on trial for, 38-39 White Army, 35 property, church, requisitions of, 39-40 property restitution in antisemitism, 30 in Lvov blood libel, 131-32,133 in post-WWII antisemitism, 119 in the Soviet-Jewish alliance, 26,27-31 see also looting prosecutions ofblood Übels, interwar period, 8-10,12 central authorities in, 10,58-59,63-66 denied during World War II, 102 in Minsk, in 1937,88-89 see also investigations of blood libels and anti-Jewish violence; trials Proskurov (Khmelnytskyi), Ukraine, 4, 3233,67-68, 81-83,111-12 protection ofJews, 11-12,20-21,24-25, 33-34,113-14 Protocols ofthe Elders ofZion, 8-9,39 Prudnikovą, Regina, 149 punishment of blood libels in the Soviet system, 89 lack of, in the memory of pogroms, 58-60,74-75 for protesting post-WWII antisemitism, 122-23 of Red Army soldiers, 62-63 purges, 67,86,89,138,139,178n56 Putin, Vladimir, 151-52 quotas, anti-Jewish, 137,150 radicalism, Jewish, 5-6 see also Bolshevism, Jewish
236 · Index Rakhman, Yuri, 119 rape in blood legacies, 7 in the campaign against antisemitism, 74 in civil war era pogroms, 19, 21, 28, 29,32-33 in ethnic cleansing and genocide, 19, 29, 32-33,165n86,I66n89 in Fastov, 28,29 iconographie, in persistence of blood libels, 98-100 mass, 29,33,108 in relocation, 32-33 Red Army in anti-Jewish violence in Mogilev, 113 in civil war era pogroms, 4-5, 6-7, 62-63 and the Doctors’ Plot, 137 Jewish officers and soldiers in, and responses to blood libels, 50-51 revenge in Jewish enlistment in, 23 soldiers in, tried for anti-Jewish violence, 62-63 in World War II pogroms, 115-16 Red Terror, 3,148-49 refugees, 40,115-16,129,131-32 Regional Party Organization, 50-51 religion, official campaign against in antisemitism, 39 Cold War era, 143-44,145-46 Jewish rituals in, 91-95 Judaism as target in, 143-44 propaganda in, 89-91,92 see also atheism revenge, 3,6,23,63-64,68,81-83,116 revisionism, historical, universal memory in, 85 Revolutionary Committee (Revkom), 58,62 Revolutionary Tribunal, 37-39,62-64, 65-66,175n5 Reznik, Semyon, 137 rituals, Jewish belief in the need for Christian blood in, 149 circumcision, 91-94,103-4, 186n22,186n28 kosher butchering, 91-93,95,96/, 103-4,132 in modern blood libels, 148 in persistence of blood libels, 91-106 Romanovs, murder of, 127-29,147 Rovno (Rivne), 116-17 Rozenstein, Josef, 121-22 Rubinstein, Isaac, 105 Rudnya, Belorussia, 113 Russia, Imperial Beilis affair in, 35-36 Catholic antisemitism in, 45 iconography ofJewish interlopers in, 98-100,99/ see also tsarist regime Russian Orthodox Church, 35-36,38-40,
46,81-83 Sachkhere, Georgia, 47-48 Saint Gabriel, 38-39 Saint Gabriel: A Medieval Beilis Affair, 38-39 Samarkand, Uzbekistan, 47-48 Saransk, Ukraine, 53-54 Scheglovitov, Ivan, 37 Scherbakov, Alexander, 137 schools blood libels in, 52-53,173n86 teaching about pogroms in, 80-81 Schramm: TheJewish Ritual Murder, 127 Schwarzbard, Scholem, trial of, 66-69, 86,161 n32 secularization, 91,94-95,105-6, 129-30,137 self-defense units, 6,17 self-monitoring, Jewish, 53-54 Serebriakovo, Dagestan, 47 Seredy, Ukraine, 112 sexual violence, see rape Sheinin, Lev: The Empire’s Prestige, 55 Shevkunov, Tikhon, 147 shohet (ritual slaughterer), 93-94,95/ Shternberg, Lev, 42 shteds, 18-19,30 Sliozberg, Genrich, 42 slogans, antisemidc, in postwar pogroms, 121-22 Slovechno (Slovechne), Ukraine, 63-64, 87 Smoliar, Hersh, 53-54 Smotrich (Smotrych), Ukraine, 19 social control, modern, 152 socialization, horizontal, 33 social media, Russian language, 149 society, Soviet anti-Jewish violence banned in, 123-24 blood libel in, 8-10 fear ofpogroms upon collapse of, 151 Jewish upward mobility in, 3 narratives of anti-Jewish violence in, 74-75 nature of antisemitism in, 113-14 persistence of blood libels in, 89-90, 100-1,102-6 status ofjews in, 146 socioeconomics in blood libels against women, 100-1 in changing uses of “pogrom,” 109-10 crisis in, 59,79-80 in evolving blood libels, 146
Index · in mass emigration ofJews, 151 and the memory of violence, 58, 59 roots of antisemitism in, 80 transitions in, and antisemitism, 12,123-24 Sosis, Israel, 182nl01 History ofJewish Social Trends in Russia in the Nineteenth Century, 80 Soviet cities, blood libels in, 46-48 Sovietization agriculture in, 76, Ոք and blood legacies, 7 in blood libel, 9 and civil war era pogroms, 18-20, 33-34 grassroots antisemitism as defense against, 103 mass rape in, 33 and the persistence of blood ¡libels, 89 post-WWII, in Lvov blood libel, 132 Soviet-Jewish alliance in anti-Jewish violence, 2-3 assumption of, in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 39 central and local authorities in, 24-27 Chomskii trial in, 22-23 and civil war pogroms, 5-7,15-16, 20-22,31-34 in modern memory, 151-52 political utility of, I66n91 property restitution in the, 27-31 in threats of pogroms in Soviet lands, 109-11 Soviet Jewry myth of the absence of pogroms in forming, 107-8 sites of memory in experience of 86 trauma in integration of, 31-34 Soviet state, see authorities, central Soviet system changes in, and responses to blood libels, 55-56 grievances against, in WWII pogroms, 118 in the persistence of blood libels, 89-91, 97,105-6 “pogrom” in complaints about, 109-10 protection ofJews by, 113-14 universal memory legitimizing, 85 Soviet-tsarist dichotomy, 76 Stalinjoseph, 107-8,124-25,126, 128/136-37 State Anti-Religious Publishing House: The Blood Libel and the Christian Church, 45-46 St. Basil Cathedral, Moscow, 38-39 stereotypes, 6-7,35-36,143,150 237 Supreme Court of Cassation, 64 Surami, Georgia, 47-48
survivors of the Dubovo pogroms, 17-18 post-WWII return of, to Soviet territories, 119-21 in trials of pogromists, 63 Sverdlov, Yankei, 127-29 Tager, Alexander: Tsarist Russia and the Beilis Affair; 48 Tarashcha, Ukraine, 67-68 Tarki, Dagestan, 47-48 TASS, 137 Tcherikower, Elias, 7,22-23,161n32 teachers, blood libels by, 52-53 Terevo, Belorussia, 19 testimony by Jews in trials, 67-68 Thirty Days oftheJewish Pogrom in the Town ofKrivoe-Ozero (Maleev), 73 Tokmak, Kirghizia, 129-30 toleration of antisemitism, 59 “total ethnic war,” 115,126-30 see also World War II trauma in blood legacies, 7-8 in integration of Soviet Jewry, 24, 31-34 of mass rape, 29 and place, I66n92 universalization of memory of, 81-84 trials in the afterlife of the Beilis affair, 37-39 Chomskii trial, 22-23 economic, ofjews, 143-44 in the memory of pogroms, 62-66 in Minsk, in 1937, 89 narratives of, 68-69 of ritual murder cases, review of documents in, 42-45 of Scholem Schwarzbard, 66-69 Trostianets (Trostyanets), Ukraine, 57-62, 61/69-70 Trotsky, Leon, 4-5,16,36,152, 195n2 Trzeciak, Stanislaw, 103-4 tsarist regime accountable for blood libels in Soviet cities, 47-48 anti-Jewish violence by, 5-6 relocation under, 33 in Soviet sites of memory, 69,74-78 see also Russia, Imperial Tsarist Russia and the Beilis Affair (Tager), 48
238 · Index Tskalmbo, Georgia, 144-45 Turkmenistan, 47-48 Ukraine antisemitism in, 119—21,143-44 attacks on Jews in, 112-13 as Bloodland, З calls for pogroms in, 110-11 civil war era pogroms in, 4-7,14-19 lack ofJews in, post-WWII, 126 memory of anti-Jewish violence in, 152 modern blood libels in, 148-49 trials of pogromists in, 63-64 western, World War II pogroms in, 116 Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 143 Ukrainian Courier, The, 127-29 Ukrainian forces, 4,6,18-19, 20-21,22-23, 28-29, 58,152 United Opposition in the Bolshevik Party, 110 universalism, Soviet Jews excluded from, during the Cold War, 136-37 in memory of trauma, 81-87 in persistence of blood libels, 97 Untern hamer (Faygnberg), 163n65 urbanization, 11-12,32, 33,89-91,97 Uzbekistan, 47-48,151 Vera Cheberiak and the Blood Libel (Breshko-Breshkovskii), 36-37 victims Gaiviker, Naum, 7 gender of, 96-98,104-5 Gozman, Chana, 24 iconography of nations as, 98-100 Jewish organizations in aid of, 175n9 in Jewish sites of memory, 69-70, 81-83 Kvetnaia, Hasia, 19 Liberman, Ben-Tsion, 49-50 Lichnitskaia, Sarah, 101 persistence of, in trials, 63 Tverski, Rachel, 101-2 Vilnius, 96,140-41,142-43,144 Vipper, Oskar, 37-38,168nl5 visibility ofJews, 2,22-23,90-91,97, 109-10, 111 Volhynia Revolutionary Tribunal of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Ukraine, 63-64 Volochysk, Ukraine, 110-11 Volyn (Markish), 80-81 Warsaw, Poland, 104 White Volunteer Army, 4-5,6,19,22, 28-29,35 witnesses accounts of, as sites of memory, 66 Gozman, Chana, 24 Koretskii, Gedalia, 16 Shvartsman, Moshe, 17-18 women as agents of ritual murder, 100-2,
105-6,188n53 Jewish, in anti-religious propaganda, 100 non-Jewish, as victims of ritual murder, 96-98,95f 104-5 as pogromists, 65-66 World War I, 5,15,19 see also civil war; interwar period World War II blood libels during, 12-13,126-30 legitimation of anti-Iewish violence in, 113-14 pogroms in Soviet lands during and after, 12-13, 114-18 resurgence of antisemitism during, 115 rhetoric ofviolence in, 126-29 ritual murder allegations against women during, 101-2 spike in blood libels and pogroms in, 12-13 surge in antisemitism after, 119-21 see also postwar period Yaroslavskii, Emelian, 81-83, 94-95 Yerushalmi, Yosef Haim, 34 Yezhovshchina, 89 Yiddish authors Bergelson, Dovid, 71 Faygnberg, Rachel, 16-17, -27,73, 159n3,163n65 Kipnis, Itsik, 3,71,80-81, 83,87 Kulbak, Moshe, 184nl22 Markish, Peretz, 71, 80-81 in the state pogrom against Jewish intelligentsia, 13 Yurovski, Yakov, 127-29 Zhdanov, Andrei, 55,137 Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 136-37 Zinovevsk, Ukraine, 111 Zionism/Zionists, 16, 22, 54,70-71, 148-49,150 Znamyanka, Ukraine, 26-27 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek |
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| author | Bemporad, Elissa ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139906665 |
| author_facet | Bemporad, Elissa ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bemporad, Elissa ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | e b eb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046764634 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS135 |
| callnumber-raw | DS135.E83 |
| callnumber-search | DS135.E83 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3135 E83 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| classification_rvk | KK 1040 NY 4780 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1164653390 (DE-599)KXP1664944095 |
| dewey-full | 305.892/404709/04 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
| dewey-raw | 305.892/404709/04 |
| dewey-search | 305.892/404709/04 |
| dewey-sort | 3305.892 6404709 14 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Geschichte Slavistik |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Geschichte Slavistik |
| era | Geschichte 1917-1964 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1917-1964 |
| format | Book |
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Jh.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)139906665</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Legacy of blood</subfield><subfield code="b">Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets</subfield><subfield code="c">Elissa Bemporad</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York, NY</subfield><subfield code="b">Oxford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2019]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xi, 238 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 207-226</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Pogroms and blood libels constitute the two classical and most extreme manifestations of tsarist antisemitism. They were often closely intertwined in history and memory, not least because the accusation of blood libel, the allegation that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for ritual purposes, frequently triggered anti-Jewish violence. Such events were and are considered central to the Jewish experience in late tsarist Russia, the only country on earth with large scale anti-Jewish violence in the early twentieth century. Boasting its break from the tsarist period, the Soviet regime proudly claimed to have eradicated these forms of antisemitism. But, alas, life was much more complicated. The phenomenon and the memory of pogroms and blood libels in different areas of interwar Soviet Union-including Ukraine, Belorussia, Russia and Central Asia-as well as, after World War II, in the newly annexed territories of Lithuania, Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia are a reminder of continuities in the midst of revolutionary ruptures. The persistence, the permutation, and the responses to anti-Jewish violence and memories of violence suggest that Soviet Jews (and non-Jews alike) cohabited with a legacy of blood that did not vanish. This book traces the "afterlife" of these extreme manifestations of antisemitism in the USSR, and in doing so sheds light on the broader question of the changing position of Jews in Soviet society. One notable rupture in manifestations of antisemitism from tsarist to Soviet times included the virtual disappearance-at least during the interwar period-of the tight link between pogroms and blood allegations, indeed a common feature in the waves of anti-Jewish violence that erupted during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." --</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1917-1964</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Pogrom</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4137649-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Falsche Verdächtigung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4153626-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" 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| geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV046764634 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:45:01Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:53:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780190466459 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032174143 |
| oclc_num | 1164653390 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-11 DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-11 DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-M352 |
| physical | xi, 238 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220211 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bemporad, Elissa ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)139906665 aut Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets Elissa Bemporad New York, NY Oxford University Press [2019] © 2019 xi, 238 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 207-226 "Pogroms and blood libels constitute the two classical and most extreme manifestations of tsarist antisemitism. They were often closely intertwined in history and memory, not least because the accusation of blood libel, the allegation that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for ritual purposes, frequently triggered anti-Jewish violence. Such events were and are considered central to the Jewish experience in late tsarist Russia, the only country on earth with large scale anti-Jewish violence in the early twentieth century. Boasting its break from the tsarist period, the Soviet regime proudly claimed to have eradicated these forms of antisemitism. But, alas, life was much more complicated. The phenomenon and the memory of pogroms and blood libels in different areas of interwar Soviet Union-including Ukraine, Belorussia, Russia and Central Asia-as well as, after World War II, in the newly annexed territories of Lithuania, Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia are a reminder of continuities in the midst of revolutionary ruptures. The persistence, the permutation, and the responses to anti-Jewish violence and memories of violence suggest that Soviet Jews (and non-Jews alike) cohabited with a legacy of blood that did not vanish. This book traces the "afterlife" of these extreme manifestations of antisemitism in the USSR, and in doing so sheds light on the broader question of the changing position of Jews in Soviet society. One notable rupture in manifestations of antisemitism from tsarist to Soviet times included the virtual disappearance-at least during the interwar period-of the tight link between pogroms and blood allegations, indeed a common feature in the waves of anti-Jewish violence that erupted during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." -- Geschichte 1917-1964 gnd rswk-swf Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 gnd rswk-swf Falsche Verdächtigung (DE-588)4153626-5 gnd rswk-swf Beilis-Prozess (DE-588)4291672-0 gnd rswk-swf Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd rswk-swf Ritualmord Motiv (DE-588)4577400-6 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Jews / Europe, Eastern / History / 20th century Pogroms / Europe, Eastern / History / 20th century Blood accusation / Europe, Eastern / History / 20th century Europe, Eastern / Ethnic relations Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 s Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 s Ritualmord Motiv (DE-588)4577400-6 s Falsche Verdächtigung (DE-588)4153626-5 s Geschichte 1917-1964 z DE-604 Beilis-Prozess (DE-588)4291672-0 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-19-046646-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-19-046647-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-046648-0 V:DE-576;B:DE-21 application/pdf http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz1664944095inh.htm 20200506153345 Inhaltsverzeichnis V:DE-576;B:DE-21 application/pdf http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz1664944095kla.htm 20200506153346 Klappentext SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032174143&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032174143&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032174143&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032174143&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Bemporad, Elissa ca. 20./21. Jh Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 gnd Falsche Verdächtigung (DE-588)4153626-5 gnd Beilis-Prozess (DE-588)4291672-0 gnd Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd Ritualmord Motiv (DE-588)4577400-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137649-3 (DE-588)4153626-5 (DE-588)4291672-0 (DE-588)4002333-3 (DE-588)4577400-6 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets |
| title_auth | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets |
| title_exact_search | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets |
| title_full | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets Elissa Bemporad |
| title_fullStr | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets Elissa Bemporad |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legacy of blood Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets Elissa Bemporad |
| title_short | Legacy of blood |
| title_sort | legacy of blood jews pogroms and ritual murder in the lands of the soviets |
| title_sub | Jews, pogroms, and ritual murder in the lands of the Soviets |
| topic | Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 gnd Falsche Verdächtigung (DE-588)4153626-5 gnd Beilis-Prozess (DE-588)4291672-0 gnd Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd Ritualmord Motiv (DE-588)4577400-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pogrom Falsche Verdächtigung Beilis-Prozess Antisemitismus Ritualmord Motiv Sowjetunion |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT bemporadelissa legacyofbloodjewspogromsandritualmurderinthelandsofthesoviets |