Learning the lessons of modern war:
"This project is an edited volume on the lessons of modern wars in the twenty-first century, with world-class contributors, and a particular focus on Iraq and Afghanistan, though other wars, spanning Europe, South America, and Asia are also addressed"--
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
[2020]
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | "This project is an edited volume on the lessons of modern wars in the twenty-first century, with world-class contributors, and a particular focus on Iraq and Afghanistan, though other wars, spanning Europe, South America, and Asia are also addressed"-- |
| Physical Description: | 310 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781503612501 9781503612266 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Learning lessons : the value of a contemporary approach to history / Michael Evans -- Thoughts on lessons learned in the past / Williamson Murray -- Lessons of the Iraq War / Prof. Peter R. Mansoor -- Operation Iraqi Freedom : key lessons from the British perspective / Brigadier (Ret.) Ben Barry -- An Iraqi military perspective on the invasion of 2003 / Kevin M. Woods -- Afghanistan and the crisis of counterinsurgency / Carter Malkasian -- Britain's war in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 / Theo Farrell -- Raising and mentoring security forces in Afghanistan / T.X. Hammes -- The accidental counterinsurgents : U.S. performance in Afghanistan / Todd Greentree -- Lessons of modern war : a case study on the Sri Lankan War / Ahmed S. Hashim -- Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines : lessons learned from a special warfare approach to counterterrorism and counterinsurgency / David S. Maxwell -- Lessons from the war in Georgia / Svante E. Cornell -- Russian military doctrine and exercises / Phillip A. Petersen -- Operation CAST LEAD : "from light to heavy duty" : Israel's search for lessons / Scott C. Farquhar -- Security assistance in a Colombian context / Douglas Porch | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "This project is an edited volume on the lessons of modern wars in the twenty-first century, with world-class contributors, and a particular focus on Iraq and Afghanistan, though other wars, spanning Europe, South America, and Asia are also addressed"-- | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Contributors ix Foreword xv Lieutenant General H. R. McMaster, U.S. Army (Retired) Introduction i Thomas G. Mahnken PART I Learning Lessons from History 1 Learning Lessons: The Value of a Contemporary Approach to History 7 Michael Evans 2 Thoughts on Lessons Learned in the Past 24 Williamson Murray PART II Iraq and Afghanistan 3 Lessons of the Iraq War 51 Peter R. Mansoor 4 Operation Iraqi Freedom: Key Lessons from the British Experience Ben Barry 66
vi Contents 5 An Iraqi Military Perspective on the Invasion of 2003 Kevin M. Woods 6 Afghanistan and the Crisis of Counterinsurgency, 2001-2014 87 102 Carter Malkasian 7 Britain’s War in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 Theo Farrell 122 8 Raising and Mentoring Security Forces in Afghanistan 138 T. X. Hammes 9 The Accidental Counterinsurgents: U.S. Performance in Afghanistan Todd Greentree 157 PART III Lessons of Other Wars 10 Lessons of Modern War: A Case Study of the Sri Lankan War 181 Ahmed S. Hashim 11 Operation Enduring Freedom—Philippines: Lessons Learned from a Special Warfare Approach to Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency David S. Maxwell 12 Lessons from the War in Georgia 197 214 Svante E. Cornell 13 Russian Military Doctrine and Exercises Phillip A. Petersen 2x9 14 Operation Cast Lead: “From Light Duty to Heavy Duty” 245 Scott C. Farquhar 15 An Incomplete Success: Security Assistance in Colombia Douglas Porch 269 Conclusion Thomas G. Mahnken 291 Index 295
INDEX Abu Sayyaf (ISIL leader), 197 Abu Solaiman, 2x1-12 academic historiaas: and the future, 16-17; vs. military practitioners, 9-12,17,19; vs. policymakers, 7-8, 9, 19; vs. political scientists, 12; Spiller on, 13 Acton, Lord: on history, 17 adaptation: FM 3-24 on, 193; historical lessons regarding, 83, 118-19,162-63, 170, 292; by military organizations, 36-40, 61, 66-67, 81-84, 89, 118-19, 159-61; to technological change, 32-36, 37-40, 83, 134,181, 190, 291 adversary’s perspective, 2, 292-93. See also Iraq invasion of 2003 Afghanistan: Afghan local police (ALP), 114, 138, 145-46,174; Afghan national army (ANA), 104, 107-8, 109, ni, 114, 117-18, її9,12-5, 130, 131, 138,139-42·, 145, 147-49,161, 173-74; Afghan national police (ANP), 104,105, 107-8,109, in, 114, 117-18,119, 125, 128,138-39,140, 141,142-45, 146-49, 151,161, 173-74; Al-Qaeda in, 102, 104-5, I09, 122-23, 157, 159, 160, 201; Babaji, 124-25, 131; CivilianMilitary Planning and Assessment Section (CMPASS), 166; civilians killed in, no, 119, 125,149; vs. Colombia, 270; corruption in, 144, 145,146-47, 148, 150-51, 168-69, 274; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 2, 103, 105-15, 116-17, 119, 135, 145, 146, 151, 159, 160, 162,163, 168, 169, 171-72, 174, 175-76, 2.91, 292; counternarcotic efforts in, 123, 168; counterterrorism in, 2, 103, 104-5, 109, 115-16, 118, 122-23, 157, 168, 169, 174; district support teams (DSTs), 165; drawdown of U.S. military after surge, 102, 104, 109, 116-18, 125-26, 157,
29Б INDEX 162; forward operation bases (FOBs), 130; Ghazni Province, 104, 107, 116, 118; Helmand Province, 66, 78, 105, 106, 112, 114,116,118, 123-35։ 162, 280; historical lessons of, 2, 59, 60, 62, 94, 102, 118-19, 123,126-35, i49-52 158-64, 168-69,170,172, 175-76, 292; insider/green-on-blue attacks, 117; Integrated Civil Military Action Group (ICMAG), 165-66, 172; intelligence collection in, 169-70, 174; vs. Iraq, 83, 103, 105, 106, 113, 126, 134, 141, 145,149, 157, 169, 197, 270, 293; Kabul, 164,165; Kajaki Dam, 124,130; Kandahar Province, 105, 106, 112-15, 116, 118, 124, 280; the Korengal, 107; Kunar Province, 104, 107, 112; Laskhar Gah, 124, 125-26, 128, 132; Logar Province, 112, 116; Marjah, 112, 125; metrics regarding, 151-52; Ministry of Defense, 138, 139, 140,142, 147; Ministry of Interior, 138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147; Musa Qala, 130; Northern Alliance, 122,141, 148, 212; Office of Interagency Provincial Affairs (IPA), 164-65,175; Paktika Province, 104; Paktiya Province, 104; Pashtuns in, 141, 168; vs. Philippines, 2-3, 210, 293; political conditions in, no, 174-75; provincial reconstruction teams (PRTs), 104-5, io7։ no11, 117,123, 132, 134, 135, 160, 164, 165-66, 175; Senior Civilian Representative (SCR), 165; special operations forces (SOF) in, 104, 106, 109, 113, 114,122,134, 148,160, 197, 201, 212; vs. Sri Lankan civil war, 2, 195; surge of 2009-2011, 103,108-16, 160, 161-62, 164, 165, 166-67, I74i Taliban in, 102,103,104-7, 109-10, 112-13, 115, 116, 118, 122-35, 139, 147, 148, 157, 159, 160, 161,162,168, 201; U.S. Country Team model in, 164-66, 171; U.S.
drawdown, 102, 104, 116-18, 119; U.S. organizational friction in, 162-64, 168-69, 170; U.S. spending in, 107, 116, 117, 118, 157; vs. Vietnam war, 102, 118,158-59,163,167; Wardak Province, 112,116. See also International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Afghanistan Study Group Report (2008), 144 Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP), 143-44 Akhundzada, Sher Mohammed, 128 Alasania, Irakli, 227 Algeria, 280; French Army in, 41, 42 Al Jazeera, 81 Allen, John R., 117, 146 Alliance for Progress, 274 Allison, Graham T.: on Thucydides trap, 9 Al-Qaeda: in Afghanistan, 102, IO4-5, I09։ Г22—2Յ։ 157։ 159։ 160, 201; bin Laden, 116, 197; in Iraq, 56-57, 62, 70, 73, 114; links to, 200, 202, 204; in Pakistan, 104-5, i°7։ 115-1:6; September nth attacks, 102, 138, 157, 159, 170, 197 American Civil War, 25-26 American Revolution, 24 Amos, James: U.S. Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual/FM 3-24, 58, 59, 82, 105, 171-72,19Յ։ І05 amphibious warfare, 3 5 analogical reasoning, 14,15, 16, 18
INDEX “Angriff im Stellungskrieg (attack in Position Warfare)”, 28-29 Annales school, 18 Armenia, 215, 216, 217 Arnold, Henry “Hap”, 39 Aron, Raymond, 15 Arroyo Macapagal, Gloria, 213 Ashkenazi, Gabriel “Gabi”, 248, 250, 251, 263 Asia Foundation, 147 ASTOR (airborne stand-off radar), 129 Australian military in Afghanistan, 105 Azerbaijan, 71, 215, 216, 217, 218 Baltic States, 234, 244Ո30 Barak, Ehud, 248, 250, 253, 256 Barankevich, Anatoly, 220 Battle of the Atlantic, 3 6-3 7 Belarus, 229 best-case analysis, 51, 55, 56 Betancur, Belisario, 271 Beyond G-N, Phase 2 Report, 171 Biden, Joseph, 109, 125 Bildt, Carl, 225 Bin Laden, Osama, 116, 197 Bismarck, Otto von: on historical lessons, 40 Blair, Dennis, 202 Blair, Tony, 75-76, 77-78 Bloch, Marc, 13 ֊I4, 87 Bogdanov, S. A., 234, 235 Bonn Agreement (December 2001), 142 Bosnia, 82 Braudel, Fernand, 17-18 Breaky, John, 40 Bremer, L. Paul “Jerry”, 52 British Air Force: Air Staff, 3 8, 40; Bomber Command, 39; Fighter Command, 37-38, 39; helicopters in, 127-28; Special Air Service (SAS), 73 297 British Army: adaptation in, 82-83, 84; in advisory role, 71, 76, 80; in Afghanistan, 2, 66-67, 68, 69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 82-83, i°5 106,112, 113,122-35; campaign command, 123,131-34,135; force generation, 123.126-28,134; Future Army 2020 Program, 134; General Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), 129; and historical lessons of WWI, 29-30; intelligence collection in, 123,128-29,134; in Iraq War, 2, 52, 66-78, 80, 82-83, 84.126-27; National Contingent Commander, 75; Operation Charge of the Knights, 67, 70-71, 72, 74-75; Operation Fingai, 122;
Operation Hamkary, 113; Operation Herrick, 122,123-34; Operation Moshtarak, 125,129, 131,133; Operation Panchai Palang, 124-25, i2-7j 130-31; Operation Sinbad, 69, 80-81; Operation Veritas, 122; relations with Iraqi militias, 67-69, 70-71, 73,81; during revolt of the tribes in Mesopotamia, 42; during surge in Iraq, 67, 69; urban tactics of, 72-73; vs. U.S. military, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 82, 83, 84; during WWI, 29-30,44Ո7; during WWII, 47Ո50 British Marines, 124; Operation Jačana, 122-23 British Navy: during Battle of the Atlantic, 36-37; during WWII, 36-40, 38 Brown, Gordon, 67, 127 Bull, Hedley, 15 Burnham, Martin and Gracia, 200 Bush, George W, 55, 104, 105, 213Ո2 Canadian military in Afghanistan, 105, 106, 114, 133
298 INDEX Carr, E. H., 19 Carter, Ashton, 171 Carter, Nick, 113,115,133, 134 Checkinov, S. G., 234, 235 Chemical Ali, 90-91 Chiarelli, Peter, 61 Chilcot, Sir John, 67-68 China-US relations, 9 Churchill, Winston, 36, 38, 273 Clark, Frank, 3 5 Clark, Jonathan, 18 Clausewitz, Carl von: factors distinguishing war, 81; on Napoleonic Wars, 24, 25; on results of war, 279; on starting a war, 43; on war as continuation of policy, 53 Clemenceau, Georges, 273 Clinton, Hillary, 116, 166, 172 close air support (CAS), 249, 252, 260, 262-63, 264 CNN, 81 Cohen, Eliot, 12 Colombia: vs. Afghanistan, 270; Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) demobilization, 272-73, 286Ո20; Centro de Coordinación de Acción Integral (CCAI), 279, 280; Colombia military (Colmii), 270, 271, 272, 273-75= ^77-78, 280, 281, 282-83, 286мб, 287Ո28; Constitutional Court, 277-78; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 3,117, 271, 273-75, 276, 277-80, 281-83, 287Ո28, 292; counterterrorism in, 274-75; democracy in, 276-77; Democratic Security Policy-DSP, 279, 280; drug trafficking in, 270, 276, 277, 280-81, 283, 284; Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL), 271, շ86ուշ; ELN, 271; FARC, 3,1x7, 271-74= 2-75-76, 278-79, 280-82, 283, 286Ш7; Government of Colombia (GOC), 270, 271, 273, 279-80, 282, 28384; human rights violations in, 270, 272, 280, 281-82, 286Ո15; internally displaced persons (IDPs), 274, 287Ո26; vs. Iraq, 292; peace accord, 271, 280, 282, 284; Plan Colombia, 270, 280, 281; relations with United States, 272, 274, 284; Spenser on, 272, 276, 280; Unión Patriótica, 276, 282, 284; U.S. security assistance to, 270-71, 272, 2-74=
2-75= 276, 279, 280, 281, 282-84; vs. Vietnam War, 277, 278, 280 Congressional Research Service (CRS), 147 Connell-Smith, Gordon: on contemporary approach to history, 13 contemporary approach to history, 1-2, 8, 13-16; analogical reasoning in, 14,15,16,18; vs. contemporary history, 13; counterfactual thought experiments in, 18; defined, 13-14; dialectical mental plane, x8; functional mental plane, 18; and holistic outlook, 14; and interdisciplinary setting, 19 Cordesman, Anthony H., 233 counterfactual thought experiments, 18, 87 counterinsurgency (COIN): in Afghanistan, 2, 103,105-15, 116-17, 119, 135, 145, 146, 151, 159, 160, 162, 163, 168, 169, 171-72,174, 175-76, 291, 292; in Colombia, 3,117, 271, 273-75, 276, 277-80, 281-83, 287Ո28, 292; vs. counterterrorism, 56-57, 103, 105,109,116, 169; historical lessons regarding, 58-59, 73, 80,
INDEX ібі, 175; п Uaq War, 58-59, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 8о, 82, 103, 105,119, ібі, 291, 292; length of counterinsurgency conflicts, 54-55; in Philippines, 2-3, 205-6, 209; population-centric approach in, 105-6, 108, no, 119,124, 125,129, 130,131,149,160, 171, 278; in Sri Lankan civil war, 2,183,184-86,192,193-95 counterterrorism: in Afghanistan, 2, 103, 104-5, 109, 115-16, 118, 122-23, 157, 168, 169, 174; in Colombia, 274-75; vs. counterinsurgency (COIN), 5657,103,105, X09,116,169; in Iraq, 2, 56-57; in Philippines, 2-3, 199, 202, 204, 213Ո2 Crane, Conrad, 56 Crocker, Ryan, 52-53, 80 Cuba, 277 Cuban Missile crisis, 42 cultural differences, 62, 118, 149, 150-51,159, 186 Dadullah Lang, Mullah, 115 Dannati, Sir Richard, 76, 126, 127 defense in depth, 28, 29 De Gaulle, Charles, 41 Delbrück, Hans, 15 Delgado, Jorge, 273, 274-75, շ8օ, 287Ո28 Denmark, 244Ո30 Douhet, Giulio, 263 Dowding, Hugh, 37-38 Downing, Wayne А., 213Ո2 Dray son, Lord, 83 Dunford, Joseph, 146 Duque, Iván, 271, 275, 281, 284 Durbin, Robert, 107-8 DynCorp Aerospace Technology, 142, 144 Eaker, Ira, 39 239 Ecuador, 281 Edelman, Eric, 163 Eikenberry, Karl, 106, 114, 139 El Salvador, 281; counterinsurgency in, Ī17 Eurasian Economic Union, 217 European Union, 234, 235; Police Mission in Afghanistan (EUPOL), М3, 45 explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), 68-69, 73, 83 Fatah/Palestinian Authority, 253 Field Manual 3-07 Stability Operations, 171 Field Manual 3-24, Counterinsurgency, 58, 59, 82, 105, 171-72,193, 205 Fischer, David Hackett, 17, 18 Flournoy, Michelle, 171 Flynn, Mike: Fixing Intel, 169-70 FM 3-05 Special
Operations, 197 FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency, 58, 59, 82, 105,171-72,193, 205 Fonseka, Sarath, 190,192, 193 Fourth-Generation Warfare, 11 France: political conditions, 41; during WWI, 28, 29; during WWII, 64Ո25. See also French Army Franks, Tommy, 55, 95 Freakley, Ben, 106 French Army: in Algeria, 41; and historical lessons of WWI, 30; during Indo-China war, 40-41, 42; during Revolution, 24-25, 26, 41; during WWI, 28, 29, 30, 44Ո7; during WWII, 30, 32 Fridovich, David R, 201-2, 206 Fuerth, Leon, 173 Fuller, J. F. C., 10; on constant tactical factor, 79 Fussell, Paul, 246 Garner, Jay, 56
300 INDEX Gates, Robert, 8i, 83,106,108, 116, 166,172, 223 Gaza War/Operation Cast Lead, 24647, 253-64, 266Ո20, 267Ո32 Georgia: Abkhazia, 21J-16, 219-20, 221, 222, 224, 226, 227; political conditions, 219, 222; Russian war in, 3, 214, 216-27; South Ossetia, 214, 216, 219-20, 22122, 224, 226, 227; vs, Ukraine, 225-27 Gerasimov, Valery, 218, 231-32 German Army: General Staff, 28-29, 30-31, 44Ո9; and historical lessons of WWI, 30-31, 54; and historical lessons of WWII, 31-3 2; Oberkommando des Heeres (ОКН), 31-32; Polish invasion, 31-32; training in, 31-32; during WWI, 26-29, 30, 31, 44ՈՈ7,9, 54; during WWII, 31-32, 47Ո50, 64η 2 5 German U-boats, 32, 36-40 Germany: and Afghan police, 142, 143,146; relations with Poland, 31-32; relations with UK, 9, 30, 32; relations with US, 32; Schlieffen Plan, 3 2; unrestricted submarine warfare, 32; during WWI, 32; during WWII, 32 Giles, Barney M., 39 Girkin, Igor, 242Ո13 Goonatilake, Roshan, 191 Gore, Al, 173 Government Accountability Office (GAO), 140,142, 148; Afghanistan Security Report (2009), 146 Gray, Colin S., 12 Grisby, Wayne W, Jr., 60 Gulf War of 1991, 26, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95,97, 103 Halutz, Dan, 247-48, 249, 251 Hamas, 253-55, 2-57, 258, 260, 261, 262, 264 Hamdani, Ra’ad, 97 Harris, Arthur, 39 Hegel, G. W. E: on historical lessons, 10 Hezbollah, 265Ո8; vs. Hamas, 253-54, 255, 262; during Second Lebanon War, 245-46, 251, 257, 264 Hindenburg, Paul von, 44Ո9 Hines, John, 240Ш historical analogies, 14, 15, 16 historical lessons: regarding adaptation, 83,118-19,162-63, 170, 292; of Afghanistan, 2, 59, 60, 62, 94,102,118-19, 123,
126-35, 149-52, 158-64, 168-69, 170, 172, 175-76; regarding balance between force protection and operation among the people, 60; from battlefield experience, 25-29, 31-32, 36; regarding campaign command, 123, 131-34,135; regarding civil-military integration, 132, 135, 187-88; regarding combined arms fire and maneuver, 245; regarding counterinsurgency (COIN), 58-59, 73, 80, 161,175; defined, 8; as difficult to learn, 43; regarding domestic support, 194; regarding force generation, 123, 126-28,134; regarding host nation sovereignty, 204-5, 212; of Indo-China War, 41-42, 280; regarding intelligence collection, 60-61, 123, 128-29, T34, 16970, 174, 185-86, 267Ո32; of Iraq invasion of 2003, 87-88, 97-98; of Iraq War, 2, 40, 51-63, 71-74, 75, 80, 172; regarding leading without being in charge, 205, 213; regarding local security forces, 71,
INDEX 149-52, I74 2-03-4; regarding military organizations, 2, 17-19, 25, 26-32, 51-55; at operational level, 29, 31-32, 33, 35-36, 43 47n52 58-59, 74, 75-78, 81-82, 123, 129-31, 134-35; at organizational level, 61-62, 64Ո25, 161,162-64, 168-69, 170, 175; for policymakers, 7-8, 9, 14, 19, 43, 51-55, 118, 119; regarding political and military interaction, 51-55,119, 161-64, 165-68, 172, 173-74, 175-76, 187-88,193; at political level, 25,27, 47Ո52, 51-55, 75-77, 81; relationship to context, 42; relationship to the enduring vs. the transitory, 291-92; relationship to the future, 1-2, 7-19, 63; relationship to the present, 7,13, 14,15, 16, 18-19, 4°; regarding Russia, 214; regarding security assistance, 272, 282-84; regarding special operations forces (SOF), 59-60,197,198; at strategic level, 32, 33, 35-36, 40-42, 43, 47Ո52, 54, 55-57, 74, 75-78, 81-82; at tactical level, 26-29, 31-32, 3640, 43, 47Ո52, 59-61, 74, 75, 78, 81-82; regarding technological change, 3 6-40; Thucydides on, 8-9, 62; regarding unity and diversity of modern war, 293-94; regarding urban warfare, 72-73, 78; of Vietnam War, 42, 61, 102, 118, 158-59, 163, 167, 293; of World War I, 26-32, 54, 263; of World War II, 35,36-40 historical possibilities and probabilities, 18 historical prediction, 18, 19 historical recurrence, 9, 16 historical unpredictability, 19 historicism, 10, 12 301 Holbrooke, Richard, 145, 163; as Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (SRAP), 163 Holiday, Hershel L., 62 Holmes, Sherlock: on curious incidents, 87-88, 97 Howard, Michael: on contemporary approach to history, 14-16;
on historical lessons, 15, 16; on historical uniformities, 16; “width, depth and context” formula, 15 Hughes, C. F., 33 hybrid warfare, 264; and Russia, 214, 216, 218, 226-27, 291 Ilkaev, Rady Ivanovich, 236-37 Illarionov, Andrey, 219, 223 improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 73, 83,127,128, 140 India: relations with Sri Lanka, 188, 195 Indo-China War: Dien Bien Phu, 41; French Army in, 40-41, 42; historical lessons of, 41-42, 280 Industrial Revolution, 24, 25, 26 information warfare, 57, 232-33, 234 intelligence collection, 52, 56, 67, 82-83, it5, T24; in Afghanistan, 169-70, 174; Flynn on, 169-70; historical lessons regarding, бо бі, 123, 128-29, i34j 169-70, 174, 185-86, 267Ո32; human intelligence, 60-61, 134, 185-87, 260-61; by IDF, 245, 246-47, 251, 252, 254, 2.55-56, 260-61, 266Ո20, 267Ո32; during Iraq War, 52, 60-61, 82-83; ISTAR (intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance), 50,128-29,134;in Philippines, 209-10, 211-12; during Sri Lankan civil war, 185-87, 190,
302 INDEX 191-92; “ULTRA” intercepts during WWII, 267Ո31 interdisciplinary approach to history, 1-2, 8,15-19 International Military Education and Training (IMET), 201, 208, 212 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 129,132-34,135, 146,160, 164; establishment of, 122,138-39; McChrystal as commander of, 73,108-9, no-13, 115, 119, 125, 131,133, 141-42, 144-45,169, 244, 246, 280; and NATO, 124, 140-41; Sir David Richards as commander, 126 Iran: and Hezbollah, 254; influence during Iraq War, 68, 70-71, 73; Qods Force, 73 Iran-Iraq War, 90, 92, 99Ո13 Iraq: Ba’ath Party, 55, 88, 92, 93; Fedayeen Saddam, 56, 58, 92, 93, 97i Operation Desert Fox against, 90,100П18; Operation Northern Watch against, 88, 89, 90; Operation Southern Watch against, 88, 89, 90; Shia, 68-71, 79-80, 91, 126, 270; Sunnis, 57, 62, 70-71, 114, 270; U.S. security assistance to, 270 Iraq invasion of 2003: Baghdad during, 91, 92, 94-95, 96, 97; Basra during, 91,93, 94, 96; Dora Farms attack, 95, 101Ո32; enemy courses of action (ECOAs) identified, 94-95, 97; execution of Iraqi defense, 95-98; vs. Gulf War of 1991, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99Ո12; historical lessons of, 87-88, 97-98; Iraqi Air Defense Command, 99Ո12; Iraqi ground forces before, 91; Iraqi perceptions of threat, 89, 90-91, 92, 94-95, 100П17; Iraqi preparation before, 92-95, іооші20,27; Iraqi regime choices, 88, 98Ո5; Nasiriyah during, 96; Saddam Hussein during, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,97, 100П17,101П32, 292--93; Samawah during, 96; sources for, 88; Turkey during, 95, 96,10017; U.S. Apache helicopters during, 89; and WMDs, 97, 98Ո3,
99Ո15 Iraq War: Abu Ghraib prison, 53; vs. Afghanistan, 83,103,105, 106, X13,126, 134, 141, 145, 149, 157, 169, 197, 270, 293; Awakening of Sunnis in Ramadi, 57, 62, 70-71, 114; Baghdad, 55, 58, 59, 70, 72-, 80, 84; Basra, 67-69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77, 80; coalition dynamics during, 74-75; Coalition Provisional Authority, 52, 57; conventional forces vs. SOF during, 59-60, 73-74; corruption during, 71; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 58-59, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 80, 82, 103, 105, 119, 161, 291, 292; counterterrorism in, 2, 56-57; and democracy, 54; Emergency Response Program, 73; ethnosectarian conflict during, 59, 64Ո29; Fallujah, 53, 72, 80; Fedayeen Saddam during, 5 6, 58, 92, 93; Haqqani network, 115; historical lessons of, 2, 40, 51-63, 71-74, 75, 80, 172, 292; information warfare, 57; intelligence collection during, 52, 60—6x, 82-83; Iranian influence during, 68, 70-71, 73; and Iraqi Governing Council, 53, 55; Iraqi military during, 2, 70-71, 72, 74, 76; Iraqi prisoners during, 53, 78, 79; and Islamic State, 51, 57; Joint Task Force-7, 52, 58; metrics during, 59, 292; Multi-National
INDEX Corps-Iraq (MNC-I), 54, 58-59, 74-75, 81; Multinational Division (South East) (MNDSE), 68, 69, 70, 74-75; Multi-National ForceIraq, 52-53, 57; Operation Fardh al-Qanoon, 58-59; vs. Philippines, 2-3, 210, 293; planning for, 51, 55-56, 76; politico-military lessons of, 51-55, 75~77î population control during, 58-59; reconstruction after, 52, 56-57, 76-77, 79; Sadr City, 72, 79-80; and Shia, 68-71, 79-80, 126; special operations forces (SOF) during, 59-60, 70, 73-74, 96, 139,146,197; vs. Sri Lankan civil war, 2,195; strategic lessons of, 54. 55-57; and Sunnis, 51-52, 55, 70-71, 73, 114; surge of 20072008, 53-54. 5б֊57, 58-59, 60—6X, 64Ո29, 67, 69, 70-71, 80, 292; as unpredictable, 79-80; and WMDs, 52, 66, 67 ISAF. See International Security Assistance Force Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 51, 57, 81 Israel: and intifadas, 245, 246, 248, 259; Winograd Commission, 247, 248, 249 Israeli Defense Forces (IDF): after action reviews in, 248; Center for Lessons Learned, 249; combined arms fire and maneuver in, 245- 46, 249, 251, 252-53, 258-60, 262-64; command-and-control in, 245, 249, 250-51, 258-59, 263, 264Ո8; during Second Lebanon War, 3, 245, 247-50, 2-51, 252, 25З, 254, 256, 257, 258-59, 262, 264, 2б5ПП4,8, 266Ո13, 2670132,34; in First Lebanon War, 250-51; General Staff, 248, 249, 263; intelligence coUection ЗОЭ by, 245, 246-47, 251, 252, 254, 255-56, 260-61, 266Ո20, 267Ո32; Israeli Air Force (IAF), 249, 252-53, 255-56, 259-60, 261, 262-63, 264; knowledge management (KM) in, 248-49, 252-53; Merkava Mark IV tank, 250; Operation Cast Lead/Gaza War, 246-47, 253-64,
266Ո20, 267Ո32; Teffen 2012 plan, 250-53; vs. U.S. Army, 247; white phosphorous (WP) used by, 266Ո25 ISTAR (intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance), 50, 128-29, x34 Jaish al Mahdi (JAM), 69-70, 73, 81 Japan-US relations, 36 Jaramillo, Sergio, 275-76, 280, 281 Johnson, David, 245, 258-59, 267Ո32 Jones, James L., 144 Karabakh, 216 Karannogoda, Wasantha, 190-91, 193 Karasın, Gregory, 241Ո7 Karber, Phillip A., 232, 236, 243Ո23 Karzai, Ahmed Wali, 113,114 Karzai, Hamid, no, 113, 114, 122 Kennedy, John, 274 Kennedy, Paul: on WWI, 26-27 Kenney, Kristie, 203 Kenya, 278 Kieselev, Dmitry, 232 Kilcullen, David, 157 King, Ernest, 35, 47Ո50 Kissinger, Henry: on historical lessons, 7 Kiszely, Sir John, 17 Komer, Robert, 163, 170; Bureaucracy Does Its Thing, 158 Kosovo, 82, 89, 221, 223
304 INDEX Kovach, Crysta, zu Krulak, Charles, 78 Kurdish Peshmerga, 96 Lamb, Graeme, 81 land mines, 73 VSS Langley, 33, 34 language training, 62 Lavrov, Sergey, 224-25, 244Ո30 Lawrence, T. E.: on practical work, léi, 176 Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 39, 46Ո44 USS Lexington, 35, 36Ո32 Liddell Hart, Basil: on historical lessons, 10,15; Why Don’t We Learn from History ?, 10 Lloyd, Howell A.: on contemporary approach to history, 13 Ludendorff, Erich von, 27-28, 29, 44Ո9 Lunev, Vasily, 220 Luvaas, Jay, 10-11 MacArthur, Douglas: on historical lessons, 9 Mackay, Andrew, 129-30, 131 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 36 Majid, Ali Hasan “Chemical Ali”, 90-91 Malaya, 61,151, 278 Malaysia: Sipadan crisis, 199 Maliki, Nouri al-, 52, 70-71, 79-80 Marks, Thomas, 183, 277 Mattis, James, 53 May, Ernest R.: Thinking in Time, 14 McChrystal, Stanley: as ISAF commander, 73,108-9,110-13, 115, 119,125,131, 133, 141-42, 144-45, Мб, 169, 280; population-centric approach to COIN, 108, no, 119,125, 131; replacement, 113; as SOF commander, 115, 169; Team of Teams, 169,170 McCully, Newton, 34 McKiernan, David, 107,112 McNeill, Daniel, 106-7 MD-500 helicopters, 208 Mearsheimer, John, 12 media reporting, 81 Medina, Bill, 202 Medvedev, Dmitry, 243Ո25 Merlin transport helicopter, 128 Messenger, Gordon, 124 metrics, 59, 151-52, 292-93 Mikhailov, Viktor Nikitovich, 237 Mikhalkin, Vladimir, 236 military affairs: measurement in, 59, 151-52, 292-93; revolution in, 55, 247; theory and practice of, 1 Military Effectiveness project, 4 7η 5 2 military organizations: adaptation by, 36-40, 61, 66-67, 81-84, 89, 118-19, 159-61;
historical lessons regarding, 2,17-19, M, 26-32, 51-55, 61-62, 64Ո25 Millett, Allan, 47Ո52 Miilis, Walter M., 14 Moffett, William, 34 Mohan al-Furayji, 69, 70 Moldova, 215, 218, 220, 226 Montoya, Mario, 286Ш5 Morozov, Yuri, 220 MPRI (Military Professional Resources Incorporated), 139 Munasinge, Sarath, 189 Munich appeasement of 1938, 9, 43 Murray, Williamson, 12 Nagl, John, 61 Namier, Lewis, 16-17 Napoleon: on historical lessons, 9 Napoleonic Wars, 24-25 NATO, 52, 68, 174, 218; commitment to Afghanistan, 108, 123; drawdown from Afghanistan, 149; membership sought by Georgia and Ukraine,
INDEX 221, 223, 224; Operational Mentor and Liaison Teams, 148; and Russia, 234, 235, 241Ո3, 244Ո30, 247; Training MissionAfghanistan (NTM-A), 140-41, 142,145, 146 Nehoshtanen, Ido, 252 netcentric warfare, 229, 230, 235-36 Netherlands: military in Afghanistan, 105,133 Neustadt, Richard E.: Thinking in Time, 14 new generation warfare, 232-35, 242Ո7 Nicholson, John “Mick”, 106 Nigeria, 194 “No-Fly Zone” operations, 88 noncontact warfare, 229, 230, 2-35-36 Northern Ireland, 82, 151, 278 305 Patriquin, Travis, 62 Patton, George S., Jr., 10 Pearl Harbor attack, 3 6 Pécaut, Daniel, 276, 283 Peretz, Amir, 247-48 Petraeus, David: on adaptation, 193; and Afghan local police, 114, 129; on Anaconda Strategy, 56; Congressional testimony (2007), 53-54, 80,126, 207; during Iraq surge, 52, 59, 115, 116; as ISAF commander, 146; McChrystal replaced by, 1x3; and Sunni Awakening, 57, 114; U.S. Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual/ FM, 3-24, 58, 59, 82, 105, 171-72,193, 205; on war as non linear, 79 Phase IV operations/reconstruction, 52- 56 Obama, Barack, 108, 109-10,113, 116,125,161, 214 Odierno, Raymond, 54, 59 Office of Military CooperationAfghanistan (OMC-A)/Office of Security Cooperation-Afghanistan (OSC-A)/Command Security Transition Command-Afghanistan (CSTC-A), 139-40, 141, 143-44, 45 146 Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Affairs (ORHA), 56 Olmert, Ehud, 247, 256 Omar, Mullah, 105,117 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 216, 218 Owens, William, 263 i j P3 Orion, 208, 209 Pakistan, 106, 122-23, 191,194; AlQaeda in, 104-5, I07։ 115-16
Pastrana, Andrés, 271 Philippines: Abu Sayyef Group (ASG), 198, 199, 200, 204, 209-10, 21112; vs. Afghanistan, 2-3, 210, 293; Air Force, 207-8; Armed Forces (AFP), 201, 202, 204, 207, 208-9; Basılan Island, 200, 202, 204, 2067; civil-military operations (CMOs) in, 208-9, 211, 212; Communist Party, 198, 202; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 2-3, 205-6, 209, 292; counterterrorism in, 2-3,199, 202, 204, 213Ո2; Dos Palmas kidnapping, 200-201; influence operations in, 210-11; intelligence collection in, 209-X0, 211-12; vs. Iraq War, 2-3, 210, 293; Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), 198, 200, 204; Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P), 197, 198, 200-213; J°։nt U.S. Military Assistance Group Philippines, 198; Light Reaction Company (LRC), 199-200; local security in,
ЗОБ INDEX 2.-3, 203-4, 209; Mindanao, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 208; Moro Islamie Liberation Front (MILF), 198, 202, 204; Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), 198, 204; New Peoples Army, 198, 202; Operation Enduring FreedomPhilippines (OEF-P), 2-3,197, 200-202; sovereignty of, 204-5; special operations forces (SOF) mission statement, 202-5; threats to, 198; U.S. Embassy, 198, 203, 210 Pickering, Thomas R., 144 Plazos Vega, Luis Alfonso, 289Ո47 Poland: military during Iraq War, 5 2 political scientists, 12 Portal, Sir Charles, 38, 39 Posen, Barry, 12 postmodernism, 8 Powell, Colin, 172 precision guided munitions, 89-90, 91, 96,103,115,160, 233, 246- 47, Щ9, Z56, 291 Putin, Vladimir, 241Ո4, 243Ո25; policy regarding Baltic States, 235; policy regarding Georgia, 218, 219, 221, 223, 226; policy regarding Ukraine, 219, 226-27, 230, 234, 236, 242Ո13 Qusay, 94 Rajapaksa, Gotabhaya, 184, 190 Rajapaksa, Mahinda, 189-90,192 Ranatunga, Cyril, 184, 186-87 Rapid, Decisive Operations (RDO), 53, 58 Razziq, Abdul, 113,115 Reeves, Joseph, 33, 34, 35 Reid, Brian Holden, 15 revolution in military affairs, 55, 247 Rice, Condoleeza, 172, 213Ո2, 22324, 225 Richardson, James, 34 Richards, Sir David, 82,126-27 Rodriquez, David, 133 Rosen, Stephen, 12 Rostow, Walt, 274 Rothstein, Hy, 169,170 Rumsfeld, Donald, 55, 64Ո16, 81, 104, 159, 213Ո2, 223 Russia, 193, 293; and asymmetric warfare, 229, 232, 233; and Crimea, 226, 227, 234, 242Ո13, 244Ո30; development of mobile and flexible forces by, 230, 235-36; General Staff, 218, 229, 230-32, 233, 234, 235-36; and hybrid warfare, 214, 216, 218, 226-27, 291;
information warfare in, 232-33, 234; Interior Ministry Troops, 233-34; and management of ethnic and religious divisions, 230-35; military exercises, 230-31, 233-34, 235= 2-36, 239-40, 241Ո3; and NATO, 234, 235, 241Ո3, 244Ո30, 247; new generation warfare in, 232-35, 242Ո7; nuclear weapons policies, 230, 233, 236-40, 243Ո25; Orthodox Christianity in, 219; Putin, 218, 219, 221, 223, 226, 230, 234, 236, 241Ո4, 242Ո13, 243Ո25; relations with Baltic States, 234, 244Ո30; relations with Denmark, 244Ո30; relations with Syria, 291; relations with Ukraine, 214, 218, 219, 223, 224, 225-27,230,232-33,234,2-36, 241Ո7, 244Ո30, 291; relations with United States, 244Ո30; Theaters of Strategic Military Action (TSMAs), 229-30, 231, 235, 240Ш, 243Ո20; war in Chechnya, 217, 219; war in Georgia, 3, 214, 216-25; Yeltsin, 217, 218
INDEX Ruttig, Thomas, 147 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 219, 222, 223, 225-26 Sacolick, Bennet S., 60 Saddam Hussein, 51, 55, 99Ո15; during Iraq invasion of 2003, 89, 90, 91,92, 93,94, 95, 97, 100П17, 101П32, 292-93 Samper, Ernesto, 283 Sanchez, Ricardo, 52 Santos, Manuel, 274, 275, 281-82, 283-84 USSSaratoga, 34, 35, 46Ո32 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 225 Scan Eagle UAV, 209 Schellendorf, Bronsart von: on military history, 11 Schlesinger, Arthur J., Jr., on history and the future, 19 Second Lebanon War: Hezbollah during, 245-46, 251, 257, 264; Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) during, 3, 245, 247-50, 251, 252, 253i 254, 25б, 257, 2-58-59, 2-62, 264, 2б5пп4,8, 266Ո13, 267Ո32, 267Ո34 Seeckt, Hans von, 30-31, 32 September nth attacks, 102, 138, 257, 159, 170, 197 Serbia, 89 Sheehan, Michael, 199 Sherman, William Tecumseh, 25-26 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 219 Shinseki, Eric, 5 5 Shkedi, Eliezer, 249, 252 Short, Claire, 76 SIGAR. See Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction SIGMA war games, 41-42 Sims, William, 33, 45Ո28 Sinnreich, Richard Hart, 12 Snatch Land Rover, 127 Snow, C. R: on historians and the 307 future, 12, 19; on two cultures, 8, II, 12 Sobero, Guillermo, 200 social sciences, 12, 15 SOF. See special operations forces Somalia, 78 Soslaniev, Soitan, 220 Soviet Union: collapse of, 214-16, 219, 222, 229-30 Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), 144, 147, 148 special operations forces (SOF): in Afghanistan, 104, 106, 109, 113, 114, 122, 134, 148, 160, 197, 201, 212; bin Laden killed, 116; F3EAD (find, fix, finish, exploit, assess, and Disseminate), 197;
Five SOF Truths, 200; FM 3-05 Special Operations, 197; historical lessons regarding, 59-60, 197, 198; integration with conventional forces, 59-60; in Iraq War, 59-60, 70, 73-74, 9б, 139, Мб, 197; and McChrystal, 115, 169; in Philippines, 197,198-99; post9/11, 197, 198, 200-202; pre9/11, 197, 198-200, 212; Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC), 199, 200, 201, 203; special warfare vs. surgical strike, 197-98 Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (SRAP), 163, 175 Spenser, David: on security assistance in Colombia, 272, 276, 280 Spiller, Roger J., 13 Sri Lankan civil war: vs. Afghanistan, 2, 195; battle of Mullaitivu, 188; civilian casualties during, 194-95; counterinsurgency (COIN) during, 2, 183,184-86, 192,193-95; domestic support for, 194; end
ЭОВ INDEX of, 181-8 z; historical lessons of, 182,192-95; and India, 188, 195; innovation in, 189-92, 193; intelligence collection during, 185-87, 190,191-92; vs. Iraq War, 2; Killinochchi, 187; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 181-82, 184,186, 187,188,189-91,192,193-94, 195; National Intelligence Bureau, 187; Naval Research and Development Project Office, 190-91; Operation Liberation, 188; Operation Riviresa, 188-89; Small Boat Concept during, 193; Special Infantry Operation Teams (SIOTs), 191-92; Sri Lankan Air Force, 190, 191; Sri Lankan Armed Forces (SKLAF) in, 181-95; Sri Lankan Navy (SLN), 190-91,193 Staley, David, 17-18 Starry, Donn A., 19 Strategic Studies Institute, 56 Straw, Jack, 76 Sudan, 194 Suvorov, Victor, 240Ш SWIFT system, 243 Ո25 Synnott, Sir Hilary, 77 Syria, 81,197, 262, 291 Taji Counterinsurgency Center of Excellence, 61 Tajikistan, 215 Tapias, Fernando, 287Ո28 technological change, 8, 47Ո50, 109, 229; adaptation to, 32-36, 37, 83, 134, 181, 190, 291; and American Civil War, 25-26; explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), 68-69, 73։ 83; historical lessons regarding, 36-40; improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 73, 83, 127,128, 140; and long-range escort fighters in WWII, 37-40; precision guided munitions, 8990, 91, 96, 103, 115,160, 233, 246-47, 249, 256, 291; revolution in military affairs, 55, 247; social network revolution, 57; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/ drones, 57, 70, 72, 74, 82,103, 115, 116,124,129,160, 209, 236, 243Ո23, 250, 258, 260, 261 Terrill, Andrew, 56 Thailand, 194 Through the Looking Glass: White Queen on memory in, 10
Thucydides: on historical lessons, 8-9, 62; History of the Peloponnesian War, 8-9,19, 62; Thucycides trap, 9 Toffler, Alvin and Heidi: on ThirdWave Warfare, 11 Tosh, John, 11 Transparency International, 147; Corruption Perception Index, 144 Uday, 93 Ukraine: Crimea, 226, 227, 234, 242Ո13, 244Ո30; Donbas, 23233, 236, 241Ո7; relations with Russia, 214, 218, 219, 223, 224, 225-27, 230, 232--33։ 234։ 236։ 24ІП7, 244Ո30, 291 United Kingdom: Department of International Development (DfID), 76-77; Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), 76, 77; Industrial Revolution, 24, 25, 26; Iraq Inquiry, 67-68, 75-76, 77-78; Joint Intelligence Committee, 67; Ministry of Defence (MoD), 66, 77, 83, 126, 127-28,134; Permanent Joint Headquarters, 132; relations with Germany, 9, 30, 32; relations with Sri Lanka, 183, 184;
INDEX Secret Intelligence Service, 67; unpopularity of Iraq War in, 66, 78, 81. See also British Air Force; British Army United Nations, iooni8, 216; and Afghanistan, 138-39; peace operations, 135; Security Council, 79,91,138-39 United States: Bureau of Conflict Stabilization and Operations (CSO), 172, 175; Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement, 142; George W. Bush administration, 5U 53, 54~55, I04 нзш, 223-24; Center for Strategic and International Studies, 171; CIA, 148, 160, 174; Clinton administration, 173; Department of Agriculture, 163, 165; Department of Defense, 83,143, 144, 147, 171, 172, 219, 269, 284m; Department of Homeland Security, 170; Department of Justice, 166; Department of State, no, 13334, 141, *43, J44, 163, 165, 166, 170, 171-72, 210, 223-24, 269, 270, 274, շ84ոու,շ; Drug Enforcement Agency, 163, 164, 168; economic conditions, 103, 109, 116, 119; Foreign Service Institute (FSI), 167; National Security Council, 163, 171; nuclear weapons policies, 238; Obama administration, 54-55, 108, 109-10, in, 113, 116, 125, 127, 214; Office of Security Cooperation-Afghanistan, 143; Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabiliization (S/CRS), 172; political conditions, 41, 42, 109, 113, n6, ii9, 161-62, 309 173; relations with China, 9; relations with Colombia, 272, 274, 284; relations with Georgia, 219; relations with Germany, 32, 39; relations with Japan, 36; relations with Russia, 244Ո30; Rewards for Justice Program, 210, 211, 212; security assistance from, 269-70, 271, 281, 282-84, շ84ոու,շ; September nth attacks, 102, 138, 157, 170;
skepticism regarding irregular wars in, 102-3, io9, ив; spending on Afghan war, 107, 116, 117, 118, 157; unpopularity of Iraq War in, 78. See also U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); U.S. Army; U.S. Congress; U.S. Navy United States Institute of Peace Academy, 175 Upton, Emory, 25-26 Urban, Mark, 73 urban warfare, 72-73, 78 Uribe, Álvaro, 272-74, 275, 276, 177-78,2-79,181, 283, 292 U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID): in Afghanistan, 104, 113,163-64, 165,166,168-69, 171; in Colombia, 174; in Philippines, 203, 206, 208 U.S. Army: in advisory role, 61, 71, 114, 117, 139, 140, 141, 146, 148,169, 203, 205, 207; Air Force during WWII, 39; embedded training teams (ETTs), 148; FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency, 58, 59, 82, 171-72, 205; force protection, 167-68; vs. IDF, 247; knowledge management (KM) methods, 248, 249; and military education system, 58; Operation Anaconda,
310 INDEX 122; reform after Vietnam War, Votel, Joe, 201, 206 170; training in, 61-62; urban tactics during Iraq War, 72; during WWII, 47Ո50 U.S. Congress: Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act, 170, 284; Iraq Liberation Act, 100Ո28; Petraeus and Crocker testimony to, 80, 126 U.S. Marine Corps, 32-33, 84, 96, 114, 141, 162; amphibious warfare, 35; Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) and British Army, 68, 126; in Marjah, 112, 125; and Regional Command-Southwest, 126,133 U.S. Navy: Bureau of Ordnance, 46Ո50; carrier aviation in, 32-36; fleet exercises in, 32-33, 34-3S, 42; island-hopping campaign in WWII, 3 6; Naval War College, 32-34, 35, 45Ո28; Pearl Harbor attack, 36; war gaming in, 32-33, 34; during WWII, 35, 36, 46Ո50 U.S. Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), 76 war gaming, 32-33, 34, 41-42, 43 War of Spanish Succession, 25 Washington Naval Treaty, 46Ո32 weapons of new physical principles, 229 Weinberg, Gerhard, 32 Wellington, Duke of, 25 West, Bing, X07 whole-of-government approach, 52, 62, 162-63, 168, 171-72, 270, 274, 277 Wight, Martin, 12, 15 Winograd, Eliyahu, 247 World Bank, 147 World War I: Battle of the Somme, 27-28; historical lessons of, 2632, 54, 263; Nivelle Offensive, 28; Treaty of Versailles, 30 World War П: Battle of the Atlantic, 36-37; “Firefly” variant of Sherman tanks, 47Ո50; historical lessons of, 35, 36-40; Pearl Harbor attack, 36; Spitfires as long-range escorts, 3 8-40; “ULTRA” radio intercepts during, 267Ո31 Van Creveld, Martin: on historical lessons, 182 Vanin, Mikhail, 244Ո30 Venezuela, 271, 281 Viet Minh, 41 Vietnam
War: vs. Colombia, 277, 278, 280; CORDS program, 158,163, 167,175; historical lessons of, 42, 61,102,118,158-59,163,167, 293; and SIGMA war games, 41-42 Wurster, Donny, 199, 202 Yano, Alexander, 201 Yanukovich, Viktor, 227 Yap, Deborah, 200 Yeltsin, Boris, 217, 218 Yemen, 291 Yurechko, John J., 241Ո3 Zaitsev, Anatoly, 220 f Staatsbibliothek Bayerisch· München
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CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Contributors ix Foreword xv Lieutenant General H. R. McMaster, U.S. Army (Retired) Introduction i Thomas G. Mahnken PART I Learning Lessons from History 1 Learning Lessons: The Value of a Contemporary Approach to History 7 Michael Evans 2 Thoughts on Lessons Learned in the Past 24 Williamson Murray PART II Iraq and Afghanistan 3 Lessons of the Iraq War 51 Peter R. Mansoor 4 Operation Iraqi Freedom: Key Lessons from the British Experience Ben Barry 66
vi Contents 5 An Iraqi Military Perspective on the Invasion of 2003 Kevin M. Woods 6 Afghanistan and the Crisis of Counterinsurgency, 2001-2014 87 102 Carter Malkasian 7 Britain’s War in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 Theo Farrell 122 8 Raising and Mentoring Security Forces in Afghanistan 138 T. X. Hammes 9 The Accidental Counterinsurgents: U.S. Performance in Afghanistan Todd Greentree 157 PART III Lessons of Other Wars 10 Lessons of Modern War: A Case Study of the Sri Lankan War 181 Ahmed S. Hashim 11 Operation Enduring Freedom—Philippines: Lessons Learned from a Special Warfare Approach to Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency David S. Maxwell 12 Lessons from the War in Georgia 197 214 Svante E. Cornell 13 Russian Military Doctrine and Exercises Phillip A. Petersen 2x9 14 Operation Cast Lead: “From Light Duty to Heavy Duty” 245 Scott C. Farquhar 15 An Incomplete Success: Security Assistance in Colombia Douglas Porch 269 Conclusion Thomas G. Mahnken 291 Index 295
INDEX Abu Sayyaf (ISIL leader), 197 Abu Solaiman, 2x1-12 academic historiaas: and the future, 16-17; vs. military practitioners, 9-12,17,19; vs. policymakers, 7-8, 9, 19; vs. political scientists, 12; Spiller on, 13 Acton, Lord: on history, 17 adaptation: FM 3-24 on, 193; historical lessons regarding, 83, 118-19,162-63, 170, 292; by military organizations, 36-40, 61, 66-67, 81-84, 89, 118-19, 159-61; to technological change, 32-36, 37-40, 83, 134,181, 190, 291 adversary’s perspective, 2, 292-93. See also Iraq invasion of 2003 Afghanistan: Afghan local police (ALP), 114, 138, 145-46,174; Afghan national army (ANA), 104, 107-8, 109, ni, 114, 117-18, її9,12-5, 130, 131, 138,139-42·, 145, 147-49,161, 173-74; Afghan national police (ANP), 104,105, 107-8,109, in, 114, 117-18,119, 125, 128,138-39,140, 141,142-45, 146-49, 151,161, 173-74; Al-Qaeda in, 102, 104-5, I09, 122-23, 157, 159, 160, 201; Babaji, 124-25, 131; CivilianMilitary Planning and Assessment Section (CMPASS), 166; civilians killed in, no, 119, 125,149; vs. Colombia, 270; corruption in, 144, 145,146-47, 148, 150-51, 168-69, 274; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 2, 103, 105-15, 116-17, 119, 135, 145, 146, 151, 159, 160, 162,163, 168, 169, 171-72, 174, 175-76, 2.91, 292; counternarcotic efforts in, 123, 168; counterterrorism in, 2, 103, 104-5, 109, 115-16, 118, 122-23, 157, 168, 169, 174; district support teams (DSTs), 165; drawdown of U.S. military after surge, 102, 104, 109, 116-18, 125-26, 157,
29Б INDEX 162; forward operation bases (FOBs), 130; Ghazni Province, 104, 107, 116, 118; Helmand Province, 66, 78, 105, 106, 112, 114,116,118, 123-35։ 162, 280; historical lessons of, 2, 59, 60, 62, 94, 102, 118-19, 123,126-35, i49-52 158-64, 168-69,170,172, 175-76, 292; insider/green-on-blue attacks, 117; Integrated Civil Military Action Group (ICMAG), 165-66, 172; intelligence collection in, 169-70, 174; vs. Iraq, 83, 103, 105, 106, 113, 126, 134, 141, 145,149, 157, 169, 197, 270, 293; Kabul, 164,165; Kajaki Dam, 124,130; Kandahar Province, 105, 106, 112-15, 116, 118, 124, 280; the Korengal, 107; Kunar Province, 104, 107, 112; Laskhar Gah, 124, 125-26, 128, 132; Logar Province, 112, 116; Marjah, 112, 125; metrics regarding, 151-52; Ministry of Defense, 138, 139, 140,142, 147; Ministry of Interior, 138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147; Musa Qala, 130; Northern Alliance, 122,141, 148, 212; Office of Interagency Provincial Affairs (IPA), 164-65,175; Paktika Province, 104; Paktiya Province, 104; Pashtuns in, 141, 168; vs. Philippines, 2-3, 210, 293; political conditions in, no, 174-75; provincial reconstruction teams (PRTs), 104-5, io7։ no11, 117,123, 132, 134, 135, 160, 164, 165-66, 175; Senior Civilian Representative (SCR), 165; special operations forces (SOF) in, 104, 106, 109, 113, 114,122,134, 148,160, 197, 201, 212; vs. Sri Lankan civil war, 2, 195; surge of 2009-2011, 103,108-16, 160, 161-62, 164, 165, 166-67, I74i Taliban in, 102,103,104-7, 109-10, 112-13, 115, 116, 118, 122-35, 139, 147, 148, 157, 159, 160, 161,162,168, 201; U.S. Country Team model in, 164-66, 171; U.S.
drawdown, 102, 104, 116-18, 119; U.S. organizational friction in, 162-64, 168-69, 170; U.S. spending in, 107, 116, 117, 118, 157; vs. Vietnam war, 102, 118,158-59,163,167; Wardak Province, 112,116. See also International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Afghanistan Study Group Report (2008), 144 Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP), 143-44 Akhundzada, Sher Mohammed, 128 Alasania, Irakli, 227 Algeria, 280; French Army in, 41, 42 Al Jazeera, 81 Allen, John R., 117, 146 Alliance for Progress, 274 Allison, Graham T.: on Thucydides trap, 9 Al-Qaeda: in Afghanistan, 102, IO4-5, I09։ Г22—2Յ։ 157։ 159։ 160, 201; bin Laden, 116, 197; in Iraq, 56-57, 62, 70, 73, 114; links to, 200, 202, 204; in Pakistan, 104-5, i°7։ 115-1:6; September nth attacks, 102, 138, 157, 159, 170, 197 American Civil War, 25-26 American Revolution, 24 Amos, James: U.S. Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual/FM 3-24, 58, 59, 82, 105, 171-72,19Յ։ І05 amphibious warfare, 3 5 analogical reasoning, 14,15, 16, 18
INDEX “Angriff im Stellungskrieg (attack in Position Warfare)”, 28-29 Annales school, 18 Armenia, 215, 216, 217 Arnold, Henry “Hap”, 39 Aron, Raymond, 15 Arroyo Macapagal, Gloria, 213 Ashkenazi, Gabriel “Gabi”, 248, 250, 251, 263 Asia Foundation, 147 ASTOR (airborne stand-off radar), 129 Australian military in Afghanistan, 105 Azerbaijan, 71, 215, 216, 217, 218 Baltic States, 234, 244Ո30 Barak, Ehud, 248, 250, 253, 256 Barankevich, Anatoly, 220 Battle of the Atlantic, 3 6-3 7 Belarus, 229 best-case analysis, 51, 55, 56 Betancur, Belisario, 271 Beyond G-N, Phase 2 Report, 171 Biden, Joseph, 109, 125 Bildt, Carl, 225 Bin Laden, Osama, 116, 197 Bismarck, Otto von: on historical lessons, 40 Blair, Dennis, 202 Blair, Tony, 75-76, 77-78 Bloch, Marc, 13 ֊I4, 87 Bogdanov, S. A., 234, 235 Bonn Agreement (December 2001), 142 Bosnia, 82 Braudel, Fernand, 17-18 Breaky, John, 40 Bremer, L. Paul “Jerry”, 52 British Air Force: Air Staff, 3 8, 40; Bomber Command, 39; Fighter Command, 37-38, 39; helicopters in, 127-28; Special Air Service (SAS), 73 297 British Army: adaptation in, 82-83, 84; in advisory role, 71, 76, 80; in Afghanistan, 2, 66-67, 68, 69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 82-83, i°5 106,112, 113,122-35; campaign command, 123,131-34,135; force generation, 123.126-28,134; Future Army 2020 Program, 134; General Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), 129; and historical lessons of WWI, 29-30; intelligence collection in, 123,128-29,134; in Iraq War, 2, 52, 66-78, 80, 82-83, 84.126-27; National Contingent Commander, 75; Operation Charge of the Knights, 67, 70-71, 72, 74-75; Operation Fingai, 122;
Operation Hamkary, 113; Operation Herrick, 122,123-34; Operation Moshtarak, 125,129, 131,133; Operation Panchai Palang, 124-25, i2-7j 130-31; Operation Sinbad, 69, 80-81; Operation Veritas, 122; relations with Iraqi militias, 67-69, 70-71, 73,81; during revolt of the tribes in Mesopotamia, 42; during surge in Iraq, 67, 69; urban tactics of, 72-73; vs. U.S. military, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 82, 83, 84; during WWI, 29-30,44Ո7; during WWII, 47Ո50 British Marines, 124; Operation Jačana, 122-23 British Navy: during Battle of the Atlantic, 36-37; during WWII, 36-40, 38 Brown, Gordon, 67, 127 Bull, Hedley, 15 Burnham, Martin and Gracia, 200 Bush, George W, 55, 104, 105, 213Ո2 Canadian military in Afghanistan, 105, 106, 114, 133
298 INDEX Carr, E. H., 19 Carter, Ashton, 171 Carter, Nick, 113,115,133, 134 Checkinov, S. G., 234, 235 Chemical Ali, 90-91 Chiarelli, Peter, 61 Chilcot, Sir John, 67-68 China-US relations, 9 Churchill, Winston, 36, 38, 273 Clark, Frank, 3 5 Clark, Jonathan, 18 Clausewitz, Carl von: factors distinguishing war, 81; on Napoleonic Wars, 24, 25; on results of war, 279; on starting a war, 43; on war as continuation of policy, 53 Clemenceau, Georges, 273 Clinton, Hillary, 116, 166, 172 close air support (CAS), 249, 252, 260, 262-63, 264 CNN, 81 Cohen, Eliot, 12 Colombia: vs. Afghanistan, 270; Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) demobilization, 272-73, 286Ո20; Centro de Coordinación de Acción Integral (CCAI), 279, 280; Colombia military (Colmii), 270, 271, 272, 273-75= ^77-78, 280, 281, 282-83, 286мб, 287Ո28; Constitutional Court, 277-78; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 3,117, 271, 273-75, 276, 277-80, 281-83, 287Ո28, 292; counterterrorism in, 274-75; democracy in, 276-77; Democratic Security Policy-DSP, 279, 280; drug trafficking in, 270, 276, 277, 280-81, 283, 284; Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL), 271, շ86ուշ; ELN, 271; FARC, 3,1x7, 271-74= 2-75-76, 278-79, 280-82, 283, 286Ш7; Government of Colombia (GOC), 270, 271, 273, 279-80, 282, 28384; human rights violations in, 270, 272, 280, 281-82, 286Ո15; internally displaced persons (IDPs), 274, 287Ո26; vs. Iraq, 292; peace accord, 271, 280, 282, 284; Plan Colombia, 270, 280, 281; relations with United States, 272, 274, 284; Spenser on, 272, 276, 280; Unión Patriótica, 276, 282, 284; U.S. security assistance to, 270-71, 272, 2-74=
2-75= 276, 279, 280, 281, 282-84; vs. Vietnam War, 277, 278, 280 Congressional Research Service (CRS), 147 Connell-Smith, Gordon: on contemporary approach to history, 13 contemporary approach to history, 1-2, 8, 13-16; analogical reasoning in, 14,15,16,18; vs. contemporary history, 13; counterfactual thought experiments in, 18; defined, 13-14; dialectical mental plane, x8; functional mental plane, 18; and holistic outlook, 14; and interdisciplinary setting, 19 Cordesman, Anthony H., 233 counterfactual thought experiments, 18, 87 counterinsurgency (COIN): in Afghanistan, 2, 103,105-15, 116-17, 119, 135, 145, 146, 151, 159, 160, 162, 163, 168, 169, 171-72,174, 175-76, 291, 292; in Colombia, 3,117, 271, 273-75, 276, 277-80, 281-83, 287Ո28, 292; vs. counterterrorism, 56-57, 103, 105,109,116, 169; historical lessons regarding, 58-59, 73, 80,
INDEX ібі, 175; 'п Uaq War, 58-59, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 8о, 82, 103, 105,119, ібі, 291, 292; length of counterinsurgency conflicts, 54-55; in Philippines, 2-3, 205-6, 209; population-centric approach in, 105-6, 108, no, 119,124, 125,129, 130,131,149,160, 171, 278; in Sri Lankan civil war, 2,183,184-86,192,193-95 counterterrorism: in Afghanistan, 2, 103, 104-5, 109, 115-16, 118, 122-23, 157, 168, 169, 174; in Colombia, 274-75; vs. counterinsurgency (COIN), 5657,103,105, X09,116,169; in Iraq, 2, 56-57; in Philippines, 2-3, 199, 202, 204, 213Ո2 Crane, Conrad, 56 Crocker, Ryan, 52-53, 80 Cuba, 277 Cuban Missile crisis, 42 cultural differences, 62, 118, 149, 150-51,159, 186 Dadullah Lang, Mullah, 115 Dannati, Sir Richard, 76, 126, 127 defense in depth, 28, 29 De Gaulle, Charles, 41 Delbrück, Hans, 15 Delgado, Jorge, 273, 274-75, շ8օ, 287Ո28 Denmark, 244Ո30 Douhet, Giulio, 263 Dowding, Hugh, 37-38 Downing, Wayne А., 213Ո2 Dray son, Lord, 83 Dunford, Joseph, 146 Duque, Iván, 271, 275, 281, 284 Durbin, Robert, 107-8 DynCorp Aerospace Technology, 142, 144 Eaker, Ira, 39 239 Ecuador, 281 Edelman, Eric, 163 Eikenberry, Karl, 106, 114, 139 El Salvador, 281; counterinsurgency in, Ī17 Eurasian Economic Union, 217 European Union, 234, 235; Police Mission in Afghanistan (EUPOL), М3, 45 explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), 68-69, 73, 83 Fatah/Palestinian Authority, 253 Field Manual 3-07 Stability Operations, 171 Field Manual 3-24, Counterinsurgency, 58, 59, 82, 105, 171-72,193, 205 Fischer, David Hackett, 17, 18 Flournoy, Michelle, 171 Flynn, Mike: Fixing Intel, 169-70 FM 3-05 Special
Operations, 197 FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency, 58, 59, 82, 105,171-72,193, 205 Fonseka, Sarath, 190,192, 193 Fourth-Generation Warfare, 11 France: political conditions, 41; during WWI, 28, 29; during WWII, 64Ո25. See also French Army Franks, Tommy, 55, 95 Freakley, Ben, 106 French Army: in Algeria, 41; and historical lessons of WWI, 30; during Indo-China war, 40-41, 42; during Revolution, 24-25, 26, 41; during WWI, 28, 29, 30, 44Ո7; during WWII, 30, 32 Fridovich, David R, 201-2, 206 Fuerth, Leon, 173 Fuller, J. F. C., 10; on constant tactical factor, 79 Fussell, Paul, 246 Garner, Jay, 56
300 INDEX Gates, Robert, 8i, 83,106,108, 116, 166,172, 223 Gaza War/Operation Cast Lead, 24647, 253-64, 266Ո20, 267Ո32 Georgia: Abkhazia, 21J-16, 219-20, 221, 222, 224, 226, 227; political conditions, 219, 222; Russian war in, 3, 214, 216-27; South Ossetia, 214, 216, 219-20, 22122, 224, 226, 227; vs, Ukraine, 225-27 Gerasimov, Valery, 218, 231-32 German Army: General Staff, 28-29, 30-31, 44Ո9; and historical lessons of WWI, 30-31, 54; and historical lessons of WWII, 31-3 2; Oberkommando des Heeres (ОКН), 31-32; Polish invasion, 31-32; training in, 31-32; during WWI, 26-29, 30, 31, 44ՈՈ7,9, 54; during WWII, 31-32, 47Ո50, 64η 2 5 German U-boats, 32, 36-40 Germany: and Afghan police, 142, 143,146; relations with Poland, 31-32; relations with UK, 9, 30, 32; relations with US, 32; Schlieffen Plan, 3 2; unrestricted submarine warfare, 32; during WWI, 32; during WWII, 32 Giles, Barney M., 39 Girkin, Igor, 242Ո13 Goonatilake, Roshan, 191 Gore, Al, 173 Government Accountability Office (GAO), 140,142, 148; Afghanistan Security Report (2009), 146 Gray, Colin S., 12 Grisby, Wayne W, Jr., 60 Gulf War of 1991, 26, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95,97, 103 Halutz, Dan, 247-48, 249, 251 Hamas, 253-55, 2-57, 258, 260, 261, 262, 264 Hamdani, Ra’ad, 97 Harris, Arthur, 39 Hegel, G. W. E: on historical lessons, 10 Hezbollah, 265Ո8; vs. Hamas, 253-54, 255, 262; during Second Lebanon War, 245-46, 251, 257, 264 Hindenburg, Paul von, 44Ո9 Hines, John, 240Ш historical analogies, 14, 15, 16 historical lessons: regarding adaptation, 83,118-19,162-63, 170, 292; of Afghanistan, 2, 59, 60, 62, 94,102,118-19, 123,
126-35, 149-52, 158-64, 168-69, 170, 172, 175-76; regarding balance between force protection and operation among the people, 60; from battlefield experience, 25-29, 31-32, 36; regarding campaign command, 123, 131-34,135; regarding civil-military integration, 132, 135, 187-88; regarding combined arms fire and maneuver, 245; regarding counterinsurgency (COIN), 58-59, 73, 80, 161,175; defined, 8; as difficult to learn, 43; regarding domestic support, 194; regarding force generation, 123, 126-28,134; regarding host nation sovereignty, 204-5, 212; of Indo-China War, 41-42, 280; regarding intelligence collection, 60-61, 123, 128-29, T34, 16970, 174, 185-86, 267Ո32; of Iraq invasion of 2003, 87-88, 97-98; of Iraq War, 2, 40, 51-63, 71-74, 75, 80, 172; regarding leading without being in charge, 205, 213; regarding local security forces, 71,
INDEX 149-52, I74 2-03-4; regarding military organizations, 2, 17-19, 25, 26-32, 51-55; at operational level, 29, 31-32, 33, 35-36, 43 47n52 58-59, 74, 75-78, 81-82, 123, 129-31, 134-35; at organizational level, 61-62, 64Ո25, 161,162-64, 168-69, 170, 175; for policymakers, 7-8, 9, 14, 19, 43, 51-55, 118, 119; regarding political and military interaction, 51-55,119, 161-64, 165-68, 172, 173-74, 175-76, 187-88,193; at political level, 25,27, 47Ո52, 51-55, 75-77, 81; relationship to context, 42; relationship to the enduring vs. the transitory, 291-92; relationship to the future, 1-2, 7-19, 63; relationship to the present, 7,13, 14,15, 16, 18-19, 4°; regarding Russia, 214; regarding security assistance, 272, 282-84; regarding special operations forces (SOF), 59-60,197,198; at strategic level, 32, 33, 35-36, 40-42, 43, 47Ո52, 54, 55-57, 74, 75-78, 81-82; at tactical level, 26-29, 31-32, 3640, 43, 47Ո52, 59-61, 74, 75, 78, 81-82; regarding technological change, 3 6-40; Thucydides on, 8-9, 62; regarding unity and diversity of modern war, 293-94; regarding urban warfare, 72-73, 78; of Vietnam War, 42, 61, 102, 118, 158-59, 163, 167, 293; of World War I, 26-32, 54, 263; of World War II, 35,36-40 historical possibilities and probabilities, 18 historical prediction, 18, 19 historical recurrence, 9, 16 historical unpredictability, 19 historicism, 10, 12 301 Holbrooke, Richard, 145, 163; as Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (SRAP), 163 Holiday, Hershel L., 62 Holmes, Sherlock: on curious incidents, 87-88, 97 Howard, Michael: on contemporary approach to history, 14-16;
on historical lessons, 15, 16; on historical uniformities, 16; “width, depth and context” formula, 15 Hughes, C. F., 33 hybrid warfare, 264; and Russia, 214, 216, 218, 226-27, 291 Ilkaev, Rady Ivanovich, 236-37 Illarionov, Andrey, 219, 223 improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 73, 83,127,128, 140 India: relations with Sri Lanka, 188, 195 Indo-China War: Dien Bien Phu, 41; French Army in, 40-41, 42; historical lessons of, 41-42, 280 Industrial Revolution, 24, 25, 26 information warfare, 57, 232-33, 234 intelligence collection, 52, 56, 67, 82-83, it5, T24; in Afghanistan, 169-70, 174; Flynn on, 169-70; historical lessons regarding, бо бі, 123, 128-29, i34j 169-70, 174, 185-86, 267Ո32; human intelligence, 60-61, 134, 185-87, 260-61; by IDF, 245, 246-47, 251, 252, 254, 2.55-56, 260-61, 266Ո20, 267Ո32; during Iraq War, 52, 60-61, 82-83; ISTAR (intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance), 50,128-29,134;in Philippines, 209-10, 211-12; during Sri Lankan civil war, 185-87, 190,
302 INDEX 191-92; “ULTRA” intercepts during WWII, 267Ո31 interdisciplinary approach to history, 1-2, 8,15-19 International Military Education and Training (IMET), 201, 208, 212 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 129,132-34,135, 146,160, 164; establishment of, 122,138-39; McChrystal as commander of, 73,108-9, no-13, 115, 119, 125, 131,133, 141-42, 144-45,169, 244, 246, 280; and NATO, 124, 140-41; Sir David Richards as commander, 126 Iran: and Hezbollah, 254; influence during Iraq War, 68, 70-71, 73; Qods Force, 73 Iran-Iraq War, 90, 92, 99Ո13 Iraq: Ba’ath Party, 55, 88, 92, 93; Fedayeen Saddam, 56, 58, 92, 93, 97i Operation Desert Fox against, 90,100П18; Operation Northern Watch against, 88, 89, 90; Operation Southern Watch against, 88, 89, 90; Shia, 68-71, 79-80, 91, 126, 270; Sunnis, 57, 62, 70-71, 114, 270; U.S. security assistance to, 270 Iraq invasion of 2003: Baghdad during, 91, 92, 94-95, 96, 97; Basra during, 91,93, 94, 96; Dora Farms attack, 95, 101Ո32; enemy courses of action (ECOAs) identified, 94-95, 97; execution of Iraqi defense, 95-98; vs. Gulf War of 1991, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99Ո12; historical lessons of, 87-88, 97-98; Iraqi Air Defense Command, 99Ո12; Iraqi ground forces before, 91; Iraqi perceptions of threat, 89, 90-91, 92, 94-95, 100П17; Iraqi preparation before, 92-95, іооші20,27; Iraqi regime choices, 88, 98Ո5; Nasiriyah during, 96; Saddam Hussein during, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,97, 100П17,101П32, 292--93; Samawah during, 96; sources for, 88; Turkey during, 95, 96,10017; U.S. Apache helicopters during, 89; and WMDs, 97, 98Ո3,
99Ո15 Iraq War: Abu Ghraib prison, 53; vs. Afghanistan, 83,103,105, 106, X13,126, 134, 141, 145, 149, 157, 169, 197, 270, 293; Awakening of Sunnis in Ramadi, 57, 62, 70-71, 114; Baghdad, 55, 58, 59, 70, 72-, 80, 84; Basra, 67-69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77, 80; coalition dynamics during, 74-75; Coalition Provisional Authority, 52, 57; conventional forces vs. SOF during, 59-60, 73-74; corruption during, 71; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 58-59, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 80, 82, 103, 105, 119, 161, 291, 292; counterterrorism in, 2, 56-57; and democracy, 54; Emergency Response Program, 73; ethnosectarian conflict during, 59, 64Ո29; Fallujah, 53, 72, 80; Fedayeen Saddam during, 5 6, 58, 92, 93; Haqqani network, 115; historical lessons of, 2, 40, 51-63, 71-74, 75, 80, 172, 292; information warfare, 57; intelligence collection during, 52, 60—6x, 82-83; Iranian influence during, 68, 70-71, 73; and Iraqi Governing Council, 53, 55; Iraqi military during, 2, 70-71, 72, 74, 76; Iraqi prisoners during, 53, 78, 79; and Islamic State, 51, 57; Joint Task Force-7, 52, 58; metrics during, 59, 292; Multi-National
INDEX Corps-Iraq (MNC-I), 54, 58-59, 74-75, 81; Multinational Division (South East) (MNDSE), 68, 69, 70, 74-75; Multi-National ForceIraq, 52-53, 57; Operation Fardh al-Qanoon, 58-59; vs. Philippines, 2-3, 210, 293; planning for, 51, 55-56, 76; politico-military lessons of, 51-55, 75~77î population control during, 58-59; reconstruction after, 52, 56-57, 76-77, 79; Sadr City, 72, 79-80; and Shia, 68-71, 79-80, 126; special operations forces (SOF) during, 59-60, 70, 73-74, 96, 139,146,197; vs. Sri Lankan civil war, 2,195; strategic lessons of, 54. 55-57; and Sunnis, 51-52, 55, 70-71, 73, 114; surge of 20072008, 53-54. 5б֊57, 58-59, 60—6X, 64Ո29, 67, 69, 70-71, 80, 292; as unpredictable, 79-80; and WMDs, 52, 66, 67 ISAF. See International Security Assistance Force Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 51, 57, 81 Israel: and intifadas, 245, 246, 248, 259; Winograd Commission, 247, 248, 249 Israeli Defense Forces (IDF): after action reviews in, 248; Center for Lessons Learned, 249; combined arms fire and maneuver in, 245- 46, 249, 251, 252-53, 258-60, 262-64; command-and-control in, 245, 249, 250-51, 258-59, 263, 264Ո8; during Second Lebanon War, 3, 245, 247-50, 2-51, 252, 25З, 254, 256, 257, 258-59, 262, 264, 2б5ПП4,8, 266Ո13, 2670132,34; in First Lebanon War, 250-51; General Staff, 248, 249, 263; intelligence coUection ЗОЭ by, 245, 246-47, 251, 252, 254, 255-56, 260-61, 266Ո20, 267Ո32; Israeli Air Force (IAF), 249, 252-53, 255-56, 259-60, 261, 262-63, 264; knowledge management (KM) in, 248-49, 252-53; Merkava Mark IV tank, 250; Operation Cast Lead/Gaza War, 246-47, 253-64,
266Ո20, 267Ո32; Teffen 2012 plan, 250-53; vs. U.S. Army, 247; white phosphorous (WP) used by, 266Ո25 ISTAR (intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance), 50, 128-29, x34 Jaish al Mahdi (JAM), 69-70, 73, 81 Japan-US relations, 36 Jaramillo, Sergio, 275-76, 280, 281 Johnson, David, 245, 258-59, 267Ո32 Jones, James L., 144 Karabakh, 216 Karannogoda, Wasantha, 190-91, 193 Karasın, Gregory, 241Ո7 Karber, Phillip A., 232, 236, 243Ո23 Karzai, Ahmed Wali, 113,114 Karzai, Hamid, no, 113, 114, 122 Kennedy, John, 274 Kennedy, Paul: on WWI, 26-27 Kenney, Kristie, 203 Kenya, 278 Kieselev, Dmitry, 232 Kilcullen, David, 157 King, Ernest, 35, 47Ո50 Kissinger, Henry: on historical lessons, 7 Kiszely, Sir John, 17 Komer, Robert, 163, 170; Bureaucracy Does Its Thing, 158 Kosovo, 82, 89, 221, 223
304 INDEX Kovach, Crysta, zu Krulak, Charles, 78 Kurdish Peshmerga, 96 Lamb, Graeme, 81 land mines, 73 VSS Langley, 33, 34 language training, 62 Lavrov, Sergey, 224-25, 244Ո30 Lawrence, T. E.: on practical work, léi, 176 Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 39, 46Ո44 USS Lexington, 35, 36Ո32 Liddell Hart, Basil: on historical lessons, 10,15; Why Don’t We Learn from History ?, 10 Lloyd, Howell A.: on contemporary approach to history, 13 Ludendorff, Erich von, 27-28, 29, 44Ո9 Lunev, Vasily, 220 Luvaas, Jay, 10-11 MacArthur, Douglas: on historical lessons, 9 Mackay, Andrew, 129-30, 131 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 36 Majid, Ali Hasan “Chemical Ali”, 90-91 Malaya, 61,151, 278 Malaysia: Sipadan crisis, 199 Maliki, Nouri al-, 52, 70-71, 79-80 Marks, Thomas, 183, 277 Mattis, James, 53 May, Ernest R.: Thinking in Time, 14 McChrystal, Stanley: as ISAF commander, 73,108-9,110-13, 115, 119,125,131, 133, 141-42, 144-45, Мб, 169, 280; population-centric approach to COIN, 108, no, 119,125, 131; replacement, 113; as SOF commander, 115, 169; Team of Teams, 169,170 McCully, Newton, 34 McKiernan, David, 107,112 McNeill, Daniel, 106-7 MD-500 helicopters, 208 Mearsheimer, John, 12 media reporting, 81 Medina, Bill, 202 Medvedev, Dmitry, 243Ո25 Merlin transport helicopter, 128 Messenger, Gordon, 124 metrics, 59, 151-52, 292-93 Mikhailov, Viktor Nikitovich, 237 Mikhalkin, Vladimir, 236 military affairs: measurement in, 59, 151-52, 292-93; revolution in, 55, 247; theory and practice of, 1 Military Effectiveness project, 4 7η 5 2 military organizations: adaptation by, 36-40, 61, 66-67, 81-84, 89, 118-19, 159-61;
historical lessons regarding, 2,17-19, M, 26-32, 51-55, 61-62, 64Ո25 Millett, Allan, 47Ո52 Miilis, Walter M., 14 Moffett, William, 34 Mohan al-Furayji, 69, 70 Moldova, 215, 218, 220, 226 Montoya, Mario, 286Ш5 Morozov, Yuri, 220 MPRI (Military Professional Resources Incorporated), 139 Munasinge, Sarath, 189 Munich appeasement of 1938, 9, 43 Murray, Williamson, 12 Nagl, John, 61 Namier, Lewis, 16-17 Napoleon: on historical lessons, 9 Napoleonic Wars, 24-25 NATO, 52, 68, 174, 218; commitment to Afghanistan, 108, 123; drawdown from Afghanistan, 149; membership sought by Georgia and Ukraine,
INDEX 221, 223, 224; Operational Mentor and Liaison Teams, 148; and Russia, 234, 235, 241Ո3, 244Ո30, 247; Training MissionAfghanistan (NTM-A), 140-41, 142,145, 146 Nehoshtanen, Ido, 252 netcentric warfare, 229, 230, 235-36 Netherlands: military in Afghanistan, 105,133 Neustadt, Richard E.: Thinking in Time, 14 new generation warfare, 232-35, 242Ո7 Nicholson, John “Mick”, 106 Nigeria, 194 “No-Fly Zone” operations, 88 noncontact warfare, 229, 230, 2-35-36 Northern Ireland, 82, 151, 278 305 Patriquin, Travis, 62 Patton, George S., Jr., 10 Pearl Harbor attack, 3 6 Pécaut, Daniel, 276, 283 Peretz, Amir, 247-48 Petraeus, David: on adaptation, 193; and Afghan local police, 114, 129; on Anaconda Strategy, 56; Congressional testimony (2007), 53-54, 80,126, 207; during Iraq surge, 52, 59, 115, 116; as ISAF commander, 146; McChrystal replaced by, 1x3; and Sunni Awakening, 57, 114; U.S. Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual/ FM, 3-24, 58, 59, 82, 105, 171-72,193, 205; on war as non linear, 79 Phase IV operations/reconstruction, 52- 56 Obama, Barack, 108, 109-10,113, 116,125,161, 214 Odierno, Raymond, 54, 59 Office of Military CooperationAfghanistan (OMC-A)/Office of Security Cooperation-Afghanistan (OSC-A)/Command Security Transition Command-Afghanistan (CSTC-A), 139-40, 141, 143-44, 45 146 Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Affairs (ORHA), 56 Olmert, Ehud, 247, 256 Omar, Mullah, 105,117 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 216, 218 Owens, William, 263 i j P3 Orion, 208, 209 Pakistan, 106, 122-23, 191,194; AlQaeda in, 104-5, I07։ 115-16
Pastrana, Andrés, 271 Philippines: Abu Sayyef Group (ASG), 198, 199, 200, 204, 209-10, 21112; vs. Afghanistan, 2-3, 210, 293; Air Force, 207-8; Armed Forces (AFP), 201, 202, 204, 207, 208-9; Basılan Island, 200, 202, 204, 2067; civil-military operations (CMOs) in, 208-9, 211, 212; Communist Party, 198, 202; counterinsurgency (COIN) in, 2-3, 205-6, 209, 292; counterterrorism in, 2-3,199, 202, 204, 213Ո2; Dos Palmas kidnapping, 200-201; influence operations in, 210-11; intelligence collection in, 209-X0, 211-12; vs. Iraq War, 2-3, 210, 293; Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), 198, 200, 204; Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P), 197, 198, 200-213; J°։nt U.S. Military Assistance Group Philippines, 198; Light Reaction Company (LRC), 199-200; local security in,
ЗОБ INDEX 2.-3, 203-4, 209; Mindanao, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 208; Moro Islamie Liberation Front (MILF), 198, 202, 204; Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), 198, 204; New Peoples Army, 198, 202; Operation Enduring FreedomPhilippines (OEF-P), 2-3,197, 200-202; sovereignty of, 204-5; special operations forces (SOF) mission statement, 202-5; threats to, 198; U.S. Embassy, 198, 203, 210 Pickering, Thomas R., 144 Plazos Vega, Luis Alfonso, 289Ո47 Poland: military during Iraq War, 5 2 political scientists, 12 Portal, Sir Charles, 38, 39 Posen, Barry, 12 postmodernism, 8 Powell, Colin, 172 precision guided munitions, 89-90, 91, 96,103,115,160, 233, 246- 47, Щ9, Z56, 291 Putin, Vladimir, 241Ո4, 243Ո25; policy regarding Baltic States, 235; policy regarding Georgia, 218, 219, 221, 223, 226; policy regarding Ukraine, 219, 226-27, 230, 234, 236, 242Ո13 Qusay, 94 Rajapaksa, Gotabhaya, 184, 190 Rajapaksa, Mahinda, 189-90,192 Ranatunga, Cyril, 184, 186-87 Rapid, Decisive Operations (RDO), 53, 58 Razziq, Abdul, 113,115 Reeves, Joseph, 33, 34, 35 Reid, Brian Holden, 15 revolution in military affairs, 55, 247 Rice, Condoleeza, 172, 213Ո2, 22324, 225 Richardson, James, 34 Richards, Sir David, 82,126-27 Rodriquez, David, 133 Rosen, Stephen, 12 Rostow, Walt, 274 Rothstein, Hy, 169,170 Rumsfeld, Donald, 55, 64Ո16, 81, 104, 159, 213Ո2, 223 Russia, 193, 293; and asymmetric warfare, 229, 232, 233; and Crimea, 226, 227, 234, 242Ո13, 244Ո30; development of mobile and flexible forces by, 230, 235-36; General Staff, 218, 229, 230-32, 233, 234, 235-36; and hybrid warfare, 214, 216, 218, 226-27, 291;
information warfare in, 232-33, 234; Interior Ministry Troops, 233-34; and management of ethnic and religious divisions, 230-35; military exercises, 230-31, 233-34, 235= 2-36, 239-40, 241Ո3; and NATO, 234, 235, 241Ո3, 244Ո30, 247; new generation warfare in, 232-35, 242Ո7; nuclear weapons policies, 230, 233, 236-40, 243Ո25; Orthodox Christianity in, 219; Putin, 218, 219, 221, 223, 226, 230, 234, 236, 241Ո4, 242Ո13, 243Ո25; relations with Baltic States, 234, 244Ո30; relations with Denmark, 244Ո30; relations with Syria, 291; relations with Ukraine, 214, 218, 219, 223, 224, 225-27,230,232-33,234,2-36, 241Ո7, 244Ո30, 291; relations with United States, 244Ո30; Theaters of Strategic Military Action (TSMAs), 229-30, 231, 235, 240Ш, 243Ո20; war in Chechnya, 217, 219; war in Georgia, 3, 214, 216-25; Yeltsin, 217, 218
INDEX Ruttig, Thomas, 147 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 219, 222, 223, 225-26 Sacolick, Bennet S., 60 Saddam Hussein, 51, 55, 99Ո15; during Iraq invasion of 2003, 89, 90, 91,92, 93,94, 95, 97, 100П17, 101П32, 292-93 Samper, Ernesto, 283 Sanchez, Ricardo, 52 Santos, Manuel, 274, 275, 281-82, 283-84 USSSaratoga, 34, 35, 46Ո32 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 225 Scan Eagle UAV, 209 Schellendorf, Bronsart von: on military history, 11 Schlesinger, Arthur J., Jr., on history and the future, 19 Second Lebanon War: Hezbollah during, 245-46, 251, 257, 264; Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) during, 3, 245, 247-50, 251, 252, 253i 254, 25б, 257, 2-58-59, 2-62, 264, 2б5пп4,8, 266Ո13, 267Ո32, 267Ո34 Seeckt, Hans von, 30-31, 32 September nth attacks, 102, 138, 257, 159, 170, 197 Serbia, 89 Sheehan, Michael, 199 Sherman, William Tecumseh, 25-26 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 219 Shinseki, Eric, 5 5 Shkedi, Eliezer, 249, 252 Short, Claire, 76 SIGAR. See Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction SIGMA war games, 41-42 Sims, William, 33, 45Ո28 Sinnreich, Richard Hart, 12 Snatch Land Rover, 127 Snow, C. R: on historians and the 307 future, 12, 19; on two cultures, 8, II, 12 Sobero, Guillermo, 200 social sciences, 12, 15 SOF. See special operations forces Somalia, 78 Soslaniev, Soitan, 220 Soviet Union: collapse of, 214-16, 219, 222, 229-30 Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), 144, 147, 148 special operations forces (SOF): in Afghanistan, 104, 106, 109, 113, 114, 122, 134, 148, 160, 197, 201, 212; bin Laden killed, 116; F3EAD (find, fix, finish, exploit, assess, and Disseminate), 197;
Five SOF Truths, 200; FM 3-05 Special Operations, 197; historical lessons regarding, 59-60, 197, 198; integration with conventional forces, 59-60; in Iraq War, 59-60, 70, 73-74, 9б, 139, Мб, 197; and McChrystal, 115, 169; in Philippines, 197,198-99; post9/11, 197, 198, 200-202; pre9/11, 197, 198-200, 212; Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC), 199, 200, 201, 203; special warfare vs. surgical strike, 197-98 Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (SRAP), 163, 175 Spenser, David: on security assistance in Colombia, 272, 276, 280 Spiller, Roger J., 13 Sri Lankan civil war: vs. Afghanistan, 2, 195; battle of Mullaitivu, 188; civilian casualties during, 194-95; counterinsurgency (COIN) during, 2, 183,184-86, 192,193-95; domestic support for, 194; end
ЭОВ INDEX of, 181-8 z; historical lessons of, 182,192-95; and India, 188, 195; innovation in, 189-92, 193; intelligence collection during, 185-87, 190,191-92; vs. Iraq War, 2; Killinochchi, 187; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 181-82, 184,186, 187,188,189-91,192,193-94, 195; National Intelligence Bureau, 187; Naval Research and Development Project Office, 190-91; Operation Liberation, 188; Operation Riviresa, 188-89; Small Boat Concept during, 193; Special Infantry Operation Teams (SIOTs), 191-92; Sri Lankan Air Force, 190, 191; Sri Lankan Armed Forces (SKLAF) in, 181-95; Sri Lankan Navy (SLN), 190-91,193 Staley, David, 17-18 Starry, Donn A., 19 Strategic Studies Institute, 56 Straw, Jack, 76 Sudan, 194 Suvorov, Victor, 240Ш SWIFT system, 243 Ո25 Synnott, Sir Hilary, 77 Syria, 81,197, 262, 291 Taji Counterinsurgency Center of Excellence, 61 Tajikistan, 215 Tapias, Fernando, 287Ո28 technological change, 8, 47Ո50, 109, 229; adaptation to, 32-36, 37, 83, 134, 181, 190, 291; and American Civil War, 25-26; explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), 68-69, 73։ 83; historical lessons regarding, 36-40; improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 73, 83, 127,128, 140; and long-range escort fighters in WWII, 37-40; precision guided munitions, 8990, 91, 96, 103, 115,160, 233, 246-47, 249, 256, 291; revolution in military affairs, 55, 247; social network revolution, 57; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/ drones, 57, 70, 72, 74, 82,103, 115, 116,124,129,160, 209, 236, 243Ո23, 250, 258, 260, 261 Terrill, Andrew, 56 Thailand, 194 Through the Looking Glass: White Queen on memory in, 10
Thucydides: on historical lessons, 8-9, 62; History of the Peloponnesian War, 8-9,19, 62; Thucycides trap, 9 Toffler, Alvin and Heidi: on ThirdWave Warfare, 11 Tosh, John, 11 Transparency International, 147; Corruption Perception Index, 144 Uday, 93 Ukraine: Crimea, 226, 227, 234, 242Ո13, 244Ո30; Donbas, 23233, 236, 241Ո7; relations with Russia, 214, 218, 219, 223, 224, 225-27, 230, 232--33։ 234։ 236։ 24ІП7, 244Ո30, 291 United Kingdom: Department of International Development (DfID), 76-77; Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), 76, 77; Industrial Revolution, 24, 25, 26; Iraq Inquiry, 67-68, 75-76, 77-78; Joint Intelligence Committee, 67; Ministry of Defence (MoD), 66, 77, 83, 126, 127-28,134; Permanent Joint Headquarters, 132; relations with Germany, 9, 30, 32; relations with Sri Lanka, 183, 184;
INDEX Secret Intelligence Service, 67; unpopularity of Iraq War in, 66, 78, 81. See also British Air Force; British Army United Nations, iooni8, 216; and Afghanistan, 138-39; peace operations, 135; Security Council, 79,91,138-39 United States: Bureau of Conflict Stabilization and Operations (CSO), 172, 175; Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement, 142; George W. Bush administration, 5U 53, 54~55, I04 нзш, 223-24; Center for Strategic and International Studies, 171; CIA, 148, 160, 174; Clinton administration, 173; Department of Agriculture, 163, 165; Department of Defense, 83,143, 144, 147, 171, 172, 219, 269, 284m; Department of Homeland Security, 170; Department of Justice, 166; Department of State, no, 13334, 141, *43, J44, 163, 165, 166, 170, 171-72, 210, 223-24, 269, 270, 274, շ84ոու,շ; Drug Enforcement Agency, 163, 164, 168; economic conditions, 103, 109, 116, 119; Foreign Service Institute (FSI), 167; National Security Council, 163, 171; nuclear weapons policies, 238; Obama administration, 54-55, 108, 109-10, in, 113, 116, 125, 127, 214; Office of Security Cooperation-Afghanistan, 143; Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabiliization (S/CRS), 172; political conditions, 41, 42, 109, 113, n6, ii9, 161-62, 309 173; relations with China, 9; relations with Colombia, 272, 274, 284; relations with Georgia, 219; relations with Germany, 32, 39; relations with Japan, 36; relations with Russia, 244Ո30; Rewards for Justice Program, 210, 211, 212; security assistance from, 269-70, 271, 281, 282-84, շ84ոու,շ; September nth attacks, 102, 138, 157, 170;
skepticism regarding irregular wars in, 102-3, io9, ив; spending on Afghan war, 107, 116, 117, 118, 157; unpopularity of Iraq War in, 78. See also U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); U.S. Army; U.S. Congress; U.S. Navy United States Institute of Peace Academy, 175 Upton, Emory, 25-26 Urban, Mark, 73 urban warfare, 72-73, 78 Uribe, Álvaro, 272-74, 275, 276, 177-78,2-79,181, 283, 292 U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID): in Afghanistan, 104, 113,163-64, 165,166,168-69, 171; in Colombia, 174; in Philippines, 203, 206, 208 U.S. Army: in advisory role, 61, 71, 114, 117, 139, 140, 141, 146, 148,169, 203, 205, 207; Air Force during WWII, 39; embedded training teams (ETTs), 148; FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency, 58, 59, 82, 171-72, 205; force protection, 167-68; vs. IDF, 247; knowledge management (KM) methods, 248, 249; and military education system, 58; Operation Anaconda,
310 INDEX 122; reform after Vietnam War, Votel, Joe, 201, 206 170; training in, 61-62; urban tactics during Iraq War, 72; during WWII, 47Ո50 U.S. Congress: Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act, 170, 284; Iraq Liberation Act, 100Ո28; Petraeus and Crocker testimony to, 80, 126 U.S. Marine Corps, 32-33, 84, 96, 114, 141, 162; amphibious warfare, 35; Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) and British Army, 68, 126; in Marjah, 112, 125; and Regional Command-Southwest, 126,133 U.S. Navy: Bureau of Ordnance, 46Ո50; carrier aviation in, 32-36; fleet exercises in, 32-33, 34-3S, 42; island-hopping campaign in WWII, 3 6; Naval War College, 32-34, 35, 45Ո28; Pearl Harbor attack, 36; war gaming in, 32-33, 34; during WWII, 35, 36, 46Ո50 U.S. Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), 76 war gaming, 32-33, 34, 41-42, 43 War of Spanish Succession, 25 Washington Naval Treaty, 46Ո32 weapons of new physical principles, 229 Weinberg, Gerhard, 32 Wellington, Duke of, 25 West, Bing, X07 whole-of-government approach, 52, 62, 162-63, 168, 171-72, 270, 274, 277 Wight, Martin, 12, 15 Winograd, Eliyahu, 247 World Bank, 147 World War I: Battle of the Somme, 27-28; historical lessons of, 2632, 54, 263; Nivelle Offensive, 28; Treaty of Versailles, 30 World War П: Battle of the Atlantic, 36-37; “Firefly” variant of Sherman tanks, 47Ո50; historical lessons of, 35, 36-40; Pearl Harbor attack, 36; Spitfires as long-range escorts, 3 8-40; “ULTRA” radio intercepts during, 267Ո31 Van Creveld, Martin: on historical lessons, 182 Vanin, Mikhail, 244Ո30 Venezuela, 271, 281 Viet Minh, 41 Vietnam
War: vs. Colombia, 277, 278, 280; CORDS program, 158,163, 167,175; historical lessons of, 42, 61,102,118,158-59,163,167, 293; and SIGMA war games, 41-42 Wurster, Donny, 199, 202 Yano, Alexander, 201 Yanukovich, Viktor, 227 Yap, Deborah, 200 Yeltsin, Boris, 217, 218 Yemen, 291 Yurechko, John J., 241Ո3 Zaitsev, Anatoly, 220 f' Staatsbibliothek Bayerisch· München |
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| contents | Learning lessons : the value of a contemporary approach to history / Michael Evans -- Thoughts on lessons learned in the past / Williamson Murray -- Lessons of the Iraq War / Prof. Peter R. Mansoor -- Operation Iraqi Freedom : key lessons from the British perspective / Brigadier (Ret.) Ben Barry -- An Iraqi military perspective on the invasion of 2003 / Kevin M. Woods -- Afghanistan and the crisis of counterinsurgency / Carter Malkasian -- Britain's war in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 / Theo Farrell -- Raising and mentoring security forces in Afghanistan / T.X. Hammes -- The accidental counterinsurgents : U.S. performance in Afghanistan / Todd Greentree -- Lessons of modern war : a case study on the Sri Lankan War / Ahmed S. Hashim -- Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines : lessons learned from a special warfare approach to counterterrorism and counterinsurgency / David S. Maxwell -- Lessons from the war in Georgia / Svante E. Cornell -- Russian military doctrine and exercises / Phillip A. Petersen -- Operation CAST LEAD : "from light to heavy duty" : Israel's search for lessons / Scott C. Farquhar -- Security assistance in a Colombian context / Douglas Porch |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1190913674 (DE-599)BVBBV046733279 |
| format | Book |
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Mahnken</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Stanford, California</subfield><subfield code="b">Stanford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2020]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">310 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Learning lessons : the value of a contemporary approach to history / Michael Evans -- Thoughts on lessons learned in the past / Williamson Murray -- Lessons of the Iraq War / Prof. Peter R. Mansoor -- Operation Iraqi Freedom : key lessons from the British perspective / Brigadier (Ret.) Ben Barry -- An Iraqi military perspective on the invasion of 2003 / Kevin M. Woods -- Afghanistan and the crisis of counterinsurgency / Carter Malkasian -- Britain's war in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 / Theo Farrell -- Raising and mentoring security forces in Afghanistan / T.X. Hammes -- The accidental counterinsurgents : U.S. performance in Afghanistan / Todd Greentree -- Lessons of modern war : a case study on the Sri Lankan War / Ahmed S. Hashim -- Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines : lessons learned from a special warfare approach to counterterrorism and counterinsurgency / David S. Maxwell -- Lessons from the war in Georgia / Svante E. Cornell -- Russian military doctrine and exercises / Phillip A. Petersen -- Operation CAST LEAD : "from light to heavy duty" : Israel's search for lessons / Scott C. 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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2015 Laurel, Md. gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 2015 Laurel, Md. |
| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV046733279 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:37:02Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:52:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781503612501 9781503612266 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032143323 |
| oclc_num | 1190913674 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-706 |
| physical | 310 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200722 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Stanford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Learning the lessons of modern war edited by Thomas G. Mahnken Stanford, California Stanford University Press [2020] 310 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Learning lessons : the value of a contemporary approach to history / Michael Evans -- Thoughts on lessons learned in the past / Williamson Murray -- Lessons of the Iraq War / Prof. Peter R. Mansoor -- Operation Iraqi Freedom : key lessons from the British perspective / Brigadier (Ret.) Ben Barry -- An Iraqi military perspective on the invasion of 2003 / Kevin M. Woods -- Afghanistan and the crisis of counterinsurgency / Carter Malkasian -- Britain's war in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 / Theo Farrell -- Raising and mentoring security forces in Afghanistan / T.X. Hammes -- The accidental counterinsurgents : U.S. performance in Afghanistan / Todd Greentree -- Lessons of modern war : a case study on the Sri Lankan War / Ahmed S. Hashim -- Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines : lessons learned from a special warfare approach to counterterrorism and counterinsurgency / David S. Maxwell -- Lessons from the war in Georgia / Svante E. Cornell -- Russian military doctrine and exercises / Phillip A. Petersen -- Operation CAST LEAD : "from light to heavy duty" : Israel's search for lessons / Scott C. Farquhar -- Security assistance in a Colombian context / Douglas Porch "This project is an edited volume on the lessons of modern wars in the twenty-first century, with world-class contributors, and a particular focus on Iraq and Afghanistan, though other wars, spanning Europe, South America, and Asia are also addressed"-- Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd rswk-swf Golfkrieg 2003 (DE-588)4731075-3 gnd rswk-swf Afghanistankrieg 2001-2021 (DE-588)4997894-9 gnd rswk-swf Militärdoktrin (DE-588)4424517-8 gnd rswk-swf Kaukasuskrieg 2008 (DE-588)7712987-8 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Military art and science / History / 21st century Military history, Modern / 21st century Afghan War, 2001- Iraq War, 2003-2011 Afghan War (2001-) Iraq War (2003-2011) Military art and science Military history, Modern Iraq 2000-2099 History (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2015 Laurel, Md. gnd-content Golfkrieg 2003 (DE-588)4731075-3 s Afghanistankrieg 2001-2021 (DE-588)4997894-9 s Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 s DE-604 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Kaukasuskrieg 2008 (DE-588)7712987-8 s Militärdoktrin (DE-588)4424517-8 s Mahnken, Thomas G. 1965- (DE-588)133069834 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-5036-1251-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032143323&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032143323&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Learning the lessons of modern war Learning lessons : the value of a contemporary approach to history / Michael Evans -- Thoughts on lessons learned in the past / Williamson Murray -- Lessons of the Iraq War / Prof. Peter R. Mansoor -- Operation Iraqi Freedom : key lessons from the British perspective / Brigadier (Ret.) Ben Barry -- An Iraqi military perspective on the invasion of 2003 / Kevin M. Woods -- Afghanistan and the crisis of counterinsurgency / Carter Malkasian -- Britain's war in Afghanistan, 2001-2014 / Theo Farrell -- Raising and mentoring security forces in Afghanistan / T.X. Hammes -- The accidental counterinsurgents : U.S. performance in Afghanistan / Todd Greentree -- Lessons of modern war : a case study on the Sri Lankan War / Ahmed S. Hashim -- Operation Enduring Freedom Philippines : lessons learned from a special warfare approach to counterterrorism and counterinsurgency / David S. Maxwell -- Lessons from the war in Georgia / Svante E. Cornell -- Russian military doctrine and exercises / Phillip A. Petersen -- Operation CAST LEAD : "from light to heavy duty" : Israel's search for lessons / Scott C. Farquhar -- Security assistance in a Colombian context / Douglas Porch Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd Golfkrieg 2003 (DE-588)4731075-3 gnd Afghanistankrieg 2001-2021 (DE-588)4997894-9 gnd Militärdoktrin (DE-588)4424517-8 gnd Kaukasuskrieg 2008 (DE-588)7712987-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073817-6 (DE-588)4731075-3 (DE-588)4997894-9 (DE-588)4424517-8 (DE-588)7712987-8 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Learning the lessons of modern war |
| title_auth | Learning the lessons of modern war |
| title_exact_search | Learning the lessons of modern war |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Learning the lessons of modern war |
| title_full | Learning the lessons of modern war edited by Thomas G. Mahnken |
| title_fullStr | Learning the lessons of modern war edited by Thomas G. Mahnken |
| title_full_unstemmed | Learning the lessons of modern war edited by Thomas G. Mahnken |
| title_short | Learning the lessons of modern war |
| title_sort | learning the lessons of modern war |
| topic | Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd Golfkrieg 2003 (DE-588)4731075-3 gnd Afghanistankrieg 2001-2021 (DE-588)4997894-9 gnd Militärdoktrin (DE-588)4424517-8 gnd Kaukasuskrieg 2008 (DE-588)7712987-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegführung Golfkrieg 2003 Afghanistankrieg 2001-2021 Militärdoktrin Kaukasuskrieg 2008 Russland Konferenzschrift 2015 Laurel, Md. |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032143323&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032143323&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahnkenthomasg learningthelessonsofmodernwar |