Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku: = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Slovak |
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Trnava
Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave
2019
Krakov Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku |
| Edition: | Prvé vydanie |
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Literaturverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 157-[161] |
| Physical Description: | 163 Seiten Illustrationen, 34 Tabellen, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9788381111539 |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | OBSAH ÚVODOM.............................................................................................................. 7 CHOTEKOVCIV DOLNEJ KŘUPEJ .............................................................. 11 Počiatky dolnokrupskej vetvy rodu.............................................................. 11 Súrodenci Hermína, Otto a Rudolf!.............................................................. 14 Posledný Chotek v Dolnej Křupej - Rudolfil.............................................. 20 Grófka Gabriela Schönbornová a posledné majiteľky dolnokrupského veľkostatku .................................................................................................. 23 Ružová grófka Mária Henrieta Choteková.................................................. 24 DRUHÁ POLOVICA 19. STOROČIA A OBLASŤ HOSPODÁRSKEJ ČINNOSTI NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA SO ZRETEĽOM NA PANSKÉ VEĽKOSTATKY.......................................................................... 27 Poľnohospodárstvo a chov hospodárskych zvierat......................................28 Ťažký a ľahký priemysel.............................................................................. 30 VEĽKOSTATOK DOLNÁ KRUPÁ A K NEMU PATRIACE MAJETKY.... 35 POĽNOHOSPODÁRSTVO................................................................................ 49 Obilie............................................................................................................ 49 Zemiaky a kukurica...................................................................................... 56
Strukoviny.................................................................................................... 59 Krmoviny .................................................................................................... 62 VÍNA A VINOHRADNÍCTVO NA VEĽKOSTATKU.......................................................................................... 73 HOSPODÁRSKE ZVIERATÁ............................................................................ 91 Kŕmny dobytok............................................................................................ 91 Záprahový dobytok...................................................................................... 92 Úžitkový dobytok........................................................................................ 94 Ovčiarstvo.................................................................................................... 96
ZÁSOBY DREVA............................................................................................... 99 PRIEMYSEL A REMESLÁ ............................................................................109 Tehelňa, pivovar a jatka ............................................................................109 Liehovar .................................................................................................... 110 Mlyny ........................................................................................................ 116 Krčma ........................................................................................................ 118 Remeslá...................................................................................................... 119 ZAMESTNANCI DOLNOKRUPSKÉHO VEĽKOSTATKU A ICH MZDY ..................................................................................................121 Hospodársky personál................................................................................ 122 Zamestnanci v Dolnej Křupej a na majeri Podháj ....................................125 Zamestnanci z majerov Rybníčky, Potôčky a z Nového majera.............. 131 Personál v Hornej Křupej a Spačinciach...................................................136 Ďalší zamestnanci..................................................................................... 137 Penzionovaní zamestnanci ...................................................................... 141
RESUMÉ......................................................................................................... 145 SUMMARY..................................................................................................... 149 ZOZNAM TABULIEK...................................................................................... 153 SLOVNÍK POJMOV........................................................................................ 155 ZOZNAM POUŽITÝCH PRAMEŇOV.......................................................... 157 ZOZNAM POUŽITEJ LITERATÚRY.............................................................. 159 ZDROJE POUŽITÝCH OBRÁZKOV.......................................................... 163
SUMMARY The second half of the 19th century in the economic history history of the country estate Dolná Krupa Dolná Křupá is a village which we could find in our territory several houndreds. However, it has a rich history, a lot of sights, some of them doesn’t exist anymore. Some people lived there who create our history by their own way. This is not only the case of ordinary people but also for two noble families. Even du ring the first half ot 19th century it was the Brunschwick family then their heirs a Chotek family - a family with an origin from Bohemia. Male members of the family participated of the lapse of the country, they led the economies on their country estates and with a marriage with the highborn ladies they extended the family proprieties. The female members of the family married the other noblemen and through these marriages they associated with the other high-ranking families. Between them belonged members of families Khevenhüller ֊ Metsch, Folliot de Crennevil, Schönborn or Pallavicino. Even the only son of Maria Pallavicino Allessandro married a noblewoman. In 1986 he married Dorothee von Hoenning O Carroll who is by her father side of the family „only” a baroness but her mother came from the Bavarian Wittelsbach family. The Chotek family made visible not only themselves but also a village where in addition to the castle and park, which were created during their ancestors a Brunschwick family, they built a family mausoleum, monastery, so-called upper castle as well as the famous rosary of Maria Henriette. Famous people visited not only Chotek family but
also village and their names are recorded in the guestbook of the castle. The village and castle were also visited by famous Chotek relative Sophie Chotek, later the Duchess of Hohenberg. In the chapter about a history of family were used in addition to the contracts about a tradition the country estates Futog, Cserevics, Rafinerice and Dolná Křupá by Henriette Chotek, née Brun schwick to the sons Rudolph I. and Otto in the year 1853, familytrees of Chotek and Folliot de Crenneville families or reports of brothers Rudolph I. and Otto from high school and university studies as well as a mentioned guest book of the castle in Dolná Křupá from 1891 to 1915. The chapter is supplemented with a material which author obtained from the parish archive in Dolná Křupá. Concretely, these are extract from the register and also the testament of the last male member of the 149
family in Dolná Křupá - Rudolph Chotek II. and also is there a part of which are the excerpts from the testament of his father who died in 1903. To the Chotek family belonged not only the country estate in Dolná Křupá but also the other proprieties located in Bohemia, Hungary and in Vojvodina. Howev er, their residency was in Dolná Křupá. During the second half of the 19th century belonged to the country estate the proprieties located in the land areas of several surrrounding as well as the distant villages. In addition to Dolná Křupá belonged to the country estate areas located in Horná Křupá, Bohdanovce, Spačince, Bučany, Trakovice and in Ostratice. These proprieties have changed over the years, at the turn of the 19th and 20th century belonged to the country estate areas in Dolná Křupá and Horná Křupá, Bohdanovce or Boleráz and in the time of the land’s re form in the Spačince, Paderovce, Bíňovce and Dolné Dubové. Within the individ ual proprieties this family owned an arable and built-up land, forests, meadows, vineyards, pasture lands, curial buildings and outbuildings, housing blocks, jura regalia while from this whole ownership the family members had the large profits. All the changes in the property structure of the country estate during the tracking period are captured according to its several valuations and to its related parts. In the second half of the 19th century the country estates had leading place in the economy of our territory. It concerned to the agriculture, farm animal breeding, but also industry which was a source of the large receipts to their
treasuries, also. There were the country estates that still disposed by fertile land in the southern parts of Slovakia, while in the mountain regions were the owners of the large wooded areas where wood was a source of the large receipts from the industry. The owners of the country estates so had sufficient resources for a development and intensification of agriculture, they could afford to buy various machines and tools needed at work or to employ the experts. It could be seen not only during the agrarian crise which during the second half od the 19th century several times affected our territory but for example even when the vineyards were hit by te con tagions, so financially secure country gentlemen could afford to grub the infected vine and plant new and more resistnat sorts. An ordinary peasant could afford none of this. The employees were a part of every functioning and prosperous country es tate. Through the preserved payment accounts it was possible to find not only the wages of the employees but especially their names and positions which they held on the country estate and so from the highest administrator with the aides to the last hine. To the directorate of the country estate belonged except the administrator also an agronomial oficial, a cancellis, a fiscal as well as a scribe, an assistant of ficial and a trainee. Bigger representation had the economic employees where ex cept for a barn guard, belongs also a treasurer, employees from sheepfamr and also in Dolná Křupá and Horná Krupa and in the farms working farmers, shepherds and dairy-men with the
servants, cowmen, servants, hines and others. The castle staff, craftsmen, garden and forest staff or pensioners were the separate groups of the 150
staff. The workers salary consisted from the financial and natural parts where be longed cereals, legumes, lard, cheese, salt, cabbage, potatoes, candles/ kerosene, wine, wood but also animals and a certain carve for an cultivation. According that in the period of the second half of the 19th century occured a change from the using of the old measured and weights to a new metric system which at the end of the 19th century began to use in the accounting in the country estate Dolná Křupá. For an uniformity of the values are all of old measures and weights converted to the units of the metric system. The biggest part of the publication belonged to the agricultural crops and vini culture as well as farm animal breeding and a state of wood on the country estate in the period of the second half of the 19th century. Between the basic arable crops belonged the several types of cereals - wheat, rye, barley, oats and in the lesser ex tent millet and buckwheat too, then potatoes and corn and also legumes - especial ly peas and lentil and very few beans. A separated group in agriculture were fodder crops - roven, straw of spring crops, clover, vetch and lucerne, turnip, hay and also coars grain feed. An inseparable part of economy was also a farm animal breeding which were divided into a fattened cattle (bull, cow, ox), averum (horse, cow, ox and pack-horse) and utility cattle (bull, cow, heifer) and also sheep-breeding (lamb, sheep, castrated lamb). On the basis of the high numbers of their receipts and expenditures it could be seen that the farm s animals were amply represented
on the country estate throughout the tracking period. However, in regard of the several missing records were difficult to specify increase or decrease of individual crops or animals. Not all crops came from the own harves, a part of it was bought but only a little part was stated in the records from where which the crop came or where it went after its expense. A part of the harves was used for domestic consumption as a wage or it was used for sale. A similar situation was also with animals kept for a work, fattening or as products. In the each estate wine-cellar had to located also equivalent number of wine because consummation of wine was in the higher society a daily matter. However, in addition of the number of wine was important its diversity. The country estate Dolná Křupá was any exception. During the tracking period is in the records noted more than 60 different years and types of the wine from white to red and even also rose wine what already itself speaks of its diversity. Many of the wines were not from Dolná Krupa but for exampe from Šintava, Orešany, from the country estates in Vojvodina but in Dolná Křupá were also the foreign wines. An important source of receipts for the owners of the country estate were industry and wood. A wood was probably processed in the local sawmill and was used not only as a building material and heating material in the castle or in the farms, in the distillery and in the brick factory and it was also a part of the wages of the castle s staff. Within the industry were located in the territory of the coun try estate the mills, a
distillery, a brewery, a slaughterhouse and considerable re ceipts were from the rental of the jura regalia from which the most importatnt was 151
probably a tinnud right. An existence and functioning of the sawmill, brewery and slaughterhouse were till this time accompanied only minimally. Just as nobleme drank a wine, plebity drank shinney. In regard to lack of finance they often bought low-quality shinney. In the many country estates were founded distilleries which were rented by their owners. A distillery in Dolná Krupa functioned for a long time and so from the middle of 18th century until 2005. The functioning of the brick factory was shorter. This factory was established in the middle of the 18th century but already in 1926 it had to declare bankrupt. The craftsmen who lived and worked in the country estate constituted as a separated group. During the second half of the 19th century the millers, dressmakers, shoemakers, blacksmiths or carpenters were among as the most represeted crafstmen. In the chapters about an economic activity on the country estate was also used the largest number of different archival sources such as montlhy extracts (transcripts) from accounts, their receipts and expenses, statements about a sowing and harvest, preliminary estimates about an agriculture cultivation, calculations, consumption statements, wine-cellar statements or forest statements about a state of wood but also the statements of burning alcohol from 1861 to 1878 and 1886, different balances and calculations as well as rental contracts for the distillery and mill, inventory of the castle mill from 1878 or statements for the renting pub. Even though the life of Chotek family in our territory was not so long (they became the
real owner of the country estate in the middle of the 19th century and they owned it until 1945), their local activity and influence are undeniable and visible to this day whereby there are not only well-preserved by historical monuments. The annual „Rose Celebration” reminds the memory of Countness Maria Henriette and endless efforts about the intensifying contacts with the last descendants are a constantly connexion with the old age. However, to the Slovak branch of the Chotek family was not to this day paid a sufficient attention. From the technical point, a history of the family and their activity in our territory have not been processed yet. Fifty years of administration of the country estate from 1853 to 1903 by Count Rudolph Chotek I. is enough long period to evaluate his activity and prosperity. Objectively we could tell that the second half of the 19th century was really a period of prosperity of the country estate and its local econ omy. It could be seen in the range of the cultivated crops, farmed livestock, in the quantities and variety of wines or on the basis of the data about a state of the timber reserve and on the diversity of the industry which functioned in the country estate. It also confirms by the extensive records about the castle‘s employees who were necessary for the operation of the country estate. The functioning of the noble country estates in the second half of the 19th century in our territory is thus supplemented with new knowledge. 152
ZOZNAM POUŽITEJ LITERATÚRY ARATÓ, Endre. K hospodárskym dejinám Slovenska od roku 1849 do 1900. (1. časť).In Historický časopis, 1, 1953, č. 2, s.229-278. ARATÓ, Endre. K hospodárskym dejinám Slovenska od roku 1849 do 1900, (2. časť). Va. Historický časopis 1, 1953, č. 3, s. 431-490. BABIRÁT, Marián. Bíňovce. 1330 — 1995. Bidovce: Obecný úrad, 1994, 22Is. ISBN 80-967199-5-5. BABIRÁT, Marián. Bohdanovce nad Trnavou. 1332 —1992. Bohdanovce nad Tr navou: Obecný úrad, 1993, 117s. ISBN 80-900419-2-2. BOHUNICKÝ, Augustín. Křupanské míľniky. Dolná Krupá: JRD a MNV, 1977, 207s. CERMAN, Ivo. Chotkové: příběh úřednické šlechty. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny 2008, 757s. ISBN 978-80-7106-977-5. COUFALÍK, Jaromír. Osm věků Ratměřic. Ratměřice: Obecný úrad, 2005, 88s. v ISBN 8023951572.^ ČEREŠŇÁK, Milan. Špačince. 1275 - 1995. Špačince: Obecný úřad, 1995, 89s. DOBROTKOVÁ, Marta. Trnava v rokoch 1848-1938. In Dejiny Trnavy. Trnava : Mesto Trnava, 2010, s. 243-319. ĎURICA, Milan S. Dejiny Slovenska a Slovákov. Bratislava: Slovenské pedago gické nakladateľstvo, 1996, 274s. ISBN 80-08-01427-X. GAĐEŠA, Nikola. Agrarna reforma i kolonizacija u Bačkoj 1918 ֊ 1941. Novi Sad: Matica srbská, 1968, 287s. HAPÁK, Pavel ֊ HOLEC, Roman. Hospodársky vývoj. In Dejiny Slovenska ; III. zväzok. (Od roku 1848 do konca 19. storočia). (Zost. PODRIMAVSKÝ, Milan et al.). Bratislava : Veda, 1992, s. 375-471. HAPÁK, Pavel - MÉSÁROŠ, Július. Hospodársky vývin Slovenska v období nástupu kapitalizmu (1850-1867). In Dejiny Slovenska : III. zväzok. (Od roku 1848 do konca 19. storočia). (Zost. PODRIMAVSKÝ, Milan
et al.). Bratisla va : Veda, 1992, s. 111-188. HOLEC, Roman. Ekonomika a modernizácia na příklade Slovenska. In Historický časopis, roč. 45, č. 1,1997, s. 91-99. HUSÁREK, Vojtech. Krátka história obce Dolná Křupá, rkp. (OZ Korompa), Bratislava, 1958, 44s. 159
CHORVÁT, František. K rozáriu v Dolnej Křupej. In Záhradník, roč. II. (XLV), 1968, č. 3, s. 66-67. JEDLICSKA, Pál. Kiskárpáti emlékek, II. zv. Jáger: Érseki Lyceumi Könyvnyom dában, 1891, 343s. KUBIŠ, Stanislav. Dolné Dubové. 1262 ֊ 2012. Dolné Dubové: Obecný úrad, 2012, 381s. ISBN 978-80-970878-7-6. LEDR, Josef. Hrabata Chotkové z Chotkova a Vojnina. (Studie rodopisná). Kutná Hora: vlastným nákladom, 1886, 76s. MRVA, Ivan. Slovensko a Slováci v 2. polovici 19. storočia. Bratislava: Per fekt; Trnava: Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Tmavé, 2010, 256s. ISBN 9788080464585. Ottův slovník naučný. 24. časť: Staroženské - Šyl. Praha : J. Otto, 1906, 90Is. Ottùv slovník naučný nové doby. Dodatky. Praha : J. Otto, 1930, 701s. PASTOREK, Ivan et al. Trakavice. 12 75 ֊ 2000. Trnava: Tripsoft, 2000, 124s. ISBN 80-968294-5-9. PETRAŠ, Stanislav. Kapitoly z dejín Dolnej Křupej. Dolná Křupá: Obecný úrad, 2003, 208s. ISBN 80-968974-5-4. PETRÁŠ, Stanislav. Kaštieľ Dolná Krupá. Dolná Krupá: Obecný úrad, 1999,147 s. ISBN 80-968141-5-X. PETRÁŠ, Stanislav. Kostol sv. Ondreja v Dolnej Křupej. Dolná Krupá: OZ Korompa, 2011, 124s. ISBN 978-80-970751-0-1. PETRÁŠ, Stanislav. Ružová grófka a jej svet. Dolná Krupá: OZ Korompa 2010, 60s. ISBN 978-80-970423-2-5. SEDLÁK, František. Brunschwick — Chotek, Dolná Krupá (inventár). Bratislava: Štátny slovenský ústredný archív, 1957,20s. SLAVKOVSKÝ, Peter. Agrárna kultúra Slovenska. Bratislava: Veda, 2002,237s. ISBN 80-224-0717-8. Slovenský biografický slovník. I. zv. А-D. Martin: Matica slovenská, 1986, 539s. SOUKUP, Ladislav. Zrušení šlechtictví v ČSR. In
Právněhistorické studie, 1973, roč. 17, s.101-112. SRBULOVIĆ, Đorđe. Grófska porodica Kotek. In Sveske za istorijų Novog Sada (Acta ex historia Neoplantensi), 2001, roč. 8, č. 10, s. 26-27. Statistische Nachweisungen über das Pressburger Comitat. Bratislava: Alois Schreiber, 1866, 331s. ŠKVARNA, Dušan et al. Lexikon slovenských dejín. Bratislava : Slovenské peda gogické nakladateľstvo, 1997, 381s. ISBN 80-10-00872-9. ŠOVLJAKOV, Mara. Varoš Futog. Futog: vlastným nákladom, 2003, 338s. VIDLIČKA, Štefan - VIDLIČKA, Ľubomír. Bučany a Bučančania. Bučany: Obecný úrad 2008, 338s. ISBN 978-80-969938-7-1. Vlastivedný slovník obcí na Slovensku. I. zv. (HL red. KROPILÁK, Miroslav). Bratislava: Veda, 1977, 526s. 160
Vlastivedný slovník obcí na Slovensku. II. zv. (Hl. red. KROPILÁK, Miroslav). Bratislava: Veda, 1977, 517s. Dobová tlač a internetové zdroje: Obzor: Noviny pre hospodárstvo, remeslo a domáci život, 5. október 1863, roč. 1, č. 1 ֊ 30. september 1883, roč. XXI, č. 36. Slovenské noviny, 15. november 1853, č. 134, s. 3. http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id79.html [16.6.2019]. http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id99.html [2.6.2019]. http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hung/raday2.html [2.6.2019]. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-johanna-breitenfeld1557356.html [3.6.2019]. http://slachta.kosztolanyi.com/modules.php?name=K88_News file= article sid=94 [30.5.2019]. http://telepulesek.adatbank.sk/ [ 10.9.2019].
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OBSAH ÚVODOM. 7 CHOTEKOVCIV DOLNEJ KŘUPEJ . 11 Počiatky dolnokrupskej vetvy rodu. 11 Súrodenci Hermína, Otto a Rudolf!. 14 Posledný Chotek v Dolnej Křupej - Rudolfil. 20 Grófka Gabriela Schönbornová a posledné majiteľky dolnokrupského veľkostatku . 23 Ružová grófka Mária Henrieta Choteková. 24 DRUHÁ POLOVICA 19. STOROČIA A OBLASŤ HOSPODÁRSKEJ ČINNOSTI NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA SO ZRETEĽOM NA PANSKÉ VEĽKOSTATKY. 27 Poľnohospodárstvo a chov hospodárskych zvierat.28 Ťažký a ľahký priemysel. 30 VEĽKOSTATOK DOLNÁ KRUPÁ A K NEMU PATRIACE MAJETKY. 35 POĽNOHOSPODÁRSTVO. 49 Obilie. 49 Zemiaky a kukurica. 56
Strukoviny. 59 Krmoviny . 62 VÍNA A VINOHRADNÍCTVO NA VEĽKOSTATKU. 73 HOSPODÁRSKE ZVIERATÁ. 91 Kŕmny dobytok. 91 Záprahový dobytok. 92 Úžitkový dobytok. 94 Ovčiarstvo. 96
ZÁSOBY DREVA. 99 PRIEMYSEL A REMESLÁ .109 Tehelňa, pivovar a jatka .109 Liehovar . 110 Mlyny . 116 Krčma . 118 Remeslá. 119 ZAMESTNANCI DOLNOKRUPSKÉHO VEĽKOSTATKU A ICH MZDY .121 Hospodársky personál. 122 Zamestnanci v Dolnej Křupej a na majeri Podháj .125 Zamestnanci z majerov Rybníčky, Potôčky a z Nového majera. 131 Personál v Hornej Křupej a Spačinciach.136 Ďalší zamestnanci. 137 Penzionovaní zamestnanci . 141
RESUMÉ. 145 SUMMARY. 149 ZOZNAM TABULIEK. 153 SLOVNÍK POJMOV. 155 ZOZNAM POUŽITÝCH PRAMEŇOV. 157 ZOZNAM POUŽITEJ LITERATÚRY. 159 ZDROJE POUŽITÝCH OBRÁZKOV. 163
SUMMARY The second half of the 19th century in the economic history history of the country estate Dolná Krupa Dolná Křupá is a village which we could find in our territory several houndreds. However, it has a rich history, a lot of sights, some of them doesn’t exist anymore. Some people lived there who create our history by their own way. This is not only the case of ordinary people but also for two noble families. Even du ring the first half ot 19th century it was the Brunschwick family then their heirs a Chotek family - a family with an origin from Bohemia. Male members of the family participated of the lapse of the country, they led the economies on their country estates and with a marriage with the highborn ladies they extended the family proprieties. The female members of the family married the other noblemen and through these marriages they associated with the other high-ranking families. Between them belonged members of families Khevenhüller ֊ Metsch, Folliot de Crennevil, Schönborn or Pallavicino. Even the only son of Maria Pallavicino Allessandro married a noblewoman. In 1986 he married Dorothee von Hoenning O'Carroll who is by her father side of the family „only” a baroness but her mother came from the Bavarian Wittelsbach family. The Chotek family made visible not only themselves but also a village where in addition to the castle and park, which were created during their ancestors a Brunschwick family, they built a family mausoleum, monastery, so-called upper castle as well as the famous rosary of Maria Henriette. Famous people visited not only Chotek family but
also village and their names are recorded in the guestbook of the castle. The village and castle were also visited by famous Chotek relative Sophie Chotek, later the Duchess of Hohenberg. In the chapter about a history of family were used in addition to the contracts about a tradition the country estates Futog, Cserevics, Rafinerice and Dolná Křupá by Henriette Chotek, née Brun schwick to the sons Rudolph I. and Otto in the year 1853, familytrees of Chotek and Folliot de Crenneville families or reports of brothers Rudolph I. and Otto from high school and university studies as well as a mentioned guest book of the castle in Dolná Křupá from 1891 to 1915. The chapter is supplemented with a material which author obtained from the parish archive in Dolná Křupá. Concretely, these are extract from the register and also the testament of the last male member of the 149
family in Dolná Křupá - Rudolph Chotek II. and also is there a part of which are the excerpts from the testament of his father who died in 1903. To the Chotek family belonged not only the country estate in Dolná Křupá but also the other proprieties located in Bohemia, Hungary and in Vojvodina. Howev er, their residency was in Dolná Křupá. During the second half of the 19th century belonged to the country estate the proprieties located in the land areas of several surrrounding as well as the distant villages. In addition to Dolná Křupá belonged to the country estate areas located in Horná Křupá, Bohdanovce, Spačince, Bučany, Trakovice and in Ostratice. These proprieties have changed over the years, at the turn of the 19th and 20th century belonged to the country estate areas in Dolná Křupá and Horná Křupá, Bohdanovce or Boleráz and in the time of the land’s re form in the Spačince, Paderovce, Bíňovce and Dolné Dubové. Within the individ ual proprieties this family owned an arable and built-up land, forests, meadows, vineyards, pasture lands, curial buildings and outbuildings, housing blocks, jura regalia while from this whole ownership the family members had the large profits. All the changes in the property structure of the country estate during the tracking period are captured according to its several valuations and to its related parts. In the second half of the 19th century the country estates had leading place in the economy of our territory. It concerned to the agriculture, farm animal breeding, but also industry which was a source of the large receipts to their
treasuries, also. There were the country estates that still disposed by fertile land in the southern parts of Slovakia, while in the mountain regions were the owners of the large wooded areas where wood was a source of the large receipts from the industry. The owners of the country estates so had sufficient resources for a development and intensification of agriculture, they could afford to buy various machines and tools needed at work or to employ the experts. It could be seen not only during the agrarian crise which during the second half od the 19th century several times affected our territory but for example even when the vineyards were hit by te con tagions, so financially secure country gentlemen could afford to grub the infected vine and plant new and more resistnat sorts. An ordinary peasant could afford none of this. The employees were a part of every functioning and prosperous country es tate. Through the preserved payment accounts it was possible to find not only the wages of the employees but especially their names and positions which they held on the country estate and so from the highest administrator with the aides to the last hine. To the directorate of the country estate belonged except the administrator also an agronomial oficial, a cancellis, a fiscal as well as a scribe, an assistant of ficial and a trainee. Bigger representation had the economic employees where ex cept for a barn guard, belongs also a treasurer, employees from sheepfamr and also in Dolná Křupá and Horná Krupa and in the farms working farmers, shepherds and dairy-men with the
servants, cowmen, servants, hines and others. The castle staff, craftsmen, garden and forest staff or pensioners were the separate groups of the 150
staff. The workers' salary consisted from the financial and natural parts where be longed cereals, legumes, lard, cheese, salt, cabbage, potatoes, candles/ kerosene, wine, wood but also animals and a certain carve for an cultivation. According that in the period of the second half of the 19th century occured a change from the using of the old measured and weights to a new metric system which at the end of the 19th century began to use in the accounting in the country estate Dolná Křupá. For an uniformity of the values are all of old measures and weights converted to the units of the metric system. The biggest part of the publication belonged to the agricultural crops and vini culture as well as farm animal breeding and a state of wood on the country estate in the period of the second half of the 19th century. Between the basic arable crops belonged the several types of cereals - wheat, rye, barley, oats and in the lesser ex tent millet and buckwheat too, then potatoes and corn and also legumes - especial ly peas and lentil and very few beans. A separated group in agriculture were fodder crops - roven, straw of spring crops, clover, vetch and lucerne, turnip, hay and also coars grain feed. An inseparable part of economy was also a farm animal breeding which were divided into a fattened cattle (bull, cow, ox), averum (horse, cow, ox and pack-horse) and utility cattle (bull, cow, heifer) and also sheep-breeding (lamb, sheep, castrated lamb). On the basis of the high numbers of their receipts and expenditures it could be seen that the farm's animals were amply represented
on the country estate throughout the tracking period. However, in regard of the several missing records were difficult to specify increase or decrease of individual crops or animals. Not all crops came from the own harves, a part of it was bought but only a little part was stated in the records from where which the crop came or where it went after its expense. A part of the harves was used for domestic consumption as a wage or it was used for sale. A similar situation was also with animals kept for a work, fattening or as products. In the each estate wine-cellar had to located also equivalent number of wine because consummation of wine was in the higher society a daily matter. However, in addition of the number of wine was important its diversity. The country estate Dolná Křupá was any exception. During the tracking period is in the records noted more than 60 different years and types of the wine from white to red and even also rose wine what already itself speaks of its diversity. Many of the wines were not from Dolná Krupa but for exampe from Šintava, Orešany, from the country estates in Vojvodina but in Dolná Křupá were also the foreign wines. An important source of receipts for the owners of the country estate were industry and wood. A wood was probably processed in the local sawmill and was used not only as a building material and heating material in the castle or in the farms, in the distillery and in the brick factory and it was also a part of the wages of the castle's staff. Within the industry were located in the territory of the coun try estate the mills, a
distillery, a brewery, a slaughterhouse and considerable re ceipts were from the rental of the jura regalia from which the most importatnt was 151
probably a tinnud right. An existence and functioning of the sawmill, brewery and slaughterhouse were till this time accompanied only minimally. Just as nobleme drank a wine, plebity drank shinney. In regard to lack of finance they often bought low-quality shinney. In the many country estates were founded distilleries which were rented by their owners. A distillery in Dolná Krupa functioned for a long time and so from the middle of 18th century until 2005. The functioning of the brick factory was shorter. This factory was established in the middle of the 18th century but already in 1926 it had to declare bankrupt. The craftsmen who lived and worked in the country estate constituted as a separated group. During the second half of the 19th century the millers, dressmakers, shoemakers, blacksmiths or carpenters were among as the most represeted crafstmen. In the chapters about an economic activity on the country estate was also used the largest number of different archival sources such as montlhy extracts (transcripts) from accounts, their receipts and expenses, statements about a sowing and harvest, preliminary estimates about an agriculture cultivation, calculations, consumption statements, wine-cellar statements or forest statements about a state of wood but also the statements of burning alcohol from 1861 to 1878 and 1886, different balances and calculations as well as rental contracts for the distillery and mill, inventory of the castle mill from 1878 or statements for the renting pub. Even though the life of Chotek family in our territory was not so long (they became the
real owner of the country estate in the middle of the 19th century and they owned it until 1945), their local activity and influence are undeniable and visible to this day whereby there are not only well-preserved by historical monuments. The annual „Rose Celebration” reminds the memory of Countness Maria Henriette and endless efforts about the intensifying contacts with the last descendants are a constantly connexion with the old age. However, to the Slovak branch of the Chotek family was not to this day paid a sufficient attention. From the technical point, a history of the family and their activity in our territory have not been processed yet. Fifty years of administration of the country estate from 1853 to 1903 by Count Rudolph Chotek I. is enough long period to evaluate his activity and prosperity. Objectively we could tell that the second half of the 19th century was really a period of prosperity of the country estate and its local econ omy. It could be seen in the range of the cultivated crops, farmed livestock, in the quantities and variety of wines or on the basis of the data about a state of the timber reserve and on the diversity of the industry which functioned in the country estate. It also confirms by the extensive records about the castle‘s employees who were necessary for the operation of the country estate. The functioning of the noble country estates in the second half of the 19th century in our territory is thus supplemented with new knowledge. 152
ZOZNAM POUŽITEJ LITERATÚRY ARATÓ, Endre. K hospodárskym dejinám Slovenska od roku 1849 do 1900. (1. časť).In Historický časopis, 1, 1953, č. 2, s.229-278. ARATÓ, Endre. K hospodárskym dejinám Slovenska od roku 1849 do 1900, (2. časť). Va. Historický časopis 1, 1953, č. 3, s. 431-490. BABIRÁT, Marián. Bíňovce. 1330 — 1995. Bidovce: Obecný úrad, 1994, 22Is. ISBN 80-967199-5-5. BABIRÁT, Marián. Bohdanovce nad Trnavou. 1332 —1992. Bohdanovce nad Tr navou: Obecný úrad, 1993, 117s. ISBN 80-900419-2-2. BOHUNICKÝ, Augustín. Křupanské míľniky. Dolná Krupá: JRD a MNV, 1977, 207s. CERMAN, Ivo. Chotkové: příběh úřednické šlechty. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny 2008, 757s. ISBN 978-80-7106-977-5. COUFALÍK, Jaromír. Osm věků Ratměřic. Ratměřice: Obecný úrad, 2005, 88s. v ISBN 8023951572.^ ČEREŠŇÁK, Milan. Špačince. 1275 - 1995. Špačince: Obecný úřad, 1995, 89s. DOBROTKOVÁ, Marta. Trnava v rokoch 1848-1938. In Dejiny Trnavy. Trnava : Mesto Trnava, 2010, s. 243-319. ĎURICA, Milan S. Dejiny Slovenska a Slovákov. Bratislava: Slovenské pedago gické nakladateľstvo, 1996, 274s. ISBN 80-08-01427-X. GAĐEŠA, Nikola. Agrarna reforma i kolonizacija u Bačkoj 1918 ֊ 1941. Novi Sad: Matica srbská, 1968, 287s. HAPÁK, Pavel ֊ HOLEC, Roman. Hospodársky vývoj. In Dejiny Slovenska ; III. zväzok. (Od roku 1848 do konca 19. storočia). (Zost. PODRIMAVSKÝ, Milan et al.). Bratislava : Veda, 1992, s. 375-471. HAPÁK, Pavel - MÉSÁROŠ, Július. Hospodársky vývin Slovenska v období nástupu kapitalizmu (1850-1867). In Dejiny Slovenska : III. zväzok. (Od roku 1848 do konca 19. storočia). (Zost. PODRIMAVSKÝ, Milan
et al.). Bratisla va : Veda, 1992, s. 111-188. HOLEC, Roman. Ekonomika a modernizácia na příklade Slovenska. In Historický časopis, roč. 45, č. 1,1997, s. 91-99. HUSÁREK, Vojtech. Krátka história obce Dolná Křupá, rkp. (OZ Korompa), Bratislava, 1958, 44s. 159
CHORVÁT, František. K rozáriu v Dolnej Křupej. In Záhradník, roč. II. (XLV), 1968, č. 3, s. 66-67. JEDLICSKA, Pál. Kiskárpáti emlékek, II. zv. Jáger: Érseki Lyceumi Könyvnyom dában, 1891, 343s. KUBIŠ, Stanislav. Dolné Dubové. 1262 ֊ 2012. Dolné Dubové: Obecný úrad, 2012, 381s. ISBN 978-80-970878-7-6. LEDR, Josef. Hrabata Chotkové z Chotkova a Vojnina. (Studie rodopisná). Kutná Hora: vlastným nákladom, 1886, 76s. MRVA, Ivan. Slovensko a Slováci v 2. polovici 19. storočia. Bratislava: Per fekt; Trnava: Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Tmavé, 2010, 256s. ISBN 9788080464585. Ottův slovník naučný. 24. časť: Staroženské - Šyl. Praha : J. Otto, 1906, 90Is. Ottùv slovník naučný nové doby. Dodatky. Praha : J. Otto, 1930, 701s. PASTOREK, Ivan et al. Trakavice. 12 75 ֊ 2000. Trnava: Tripsoft, 2000, 124s. ISBN 80-968294-5-9. PETRAŠ, Stanislav. Kapitoly z dejín Dolnej Křupej. Dolná Křupá: Obecný úrad, 2003, 208s. ISBN 80-968974-5-4. PETRÁŠ, Stanislav. Kaštieľ Dolná Krupá. Dolná Krupá: Obecný úrad, 1999,147 s. ISBN 80-968141-5-X. PETRÁŠ, Stanislav. Kostol sv. Ondreja v Dolnej Křupej. Dolná Krupá: OZ Korompa, 2011, 124s. ISBN 978-80-970751-0-1. PETRÁŠ, Stanislav. Ružová grófka a jej svet. Dolná Krupá: OZ Korompa 2010, 60s. ISBN 978-80-970423-2-5. SEDLÁK, František. Brunschwick — Chotek, Dolná Krupá (inventár). Bratislava: Štátny slovenský ústredný archív, 1957,20s. SLAVKOVSKÝ, Peter. Agrárna kultúra Slovenska. Bratislava: Veda, 2002,237s. ISBN 80-224-0717-8. Slovenský biografický slovník. I. zv. А-D. Martin: Matica slovenská, 1986, 539s. SOUKUP, Ladislav. Zrušení šlechtictví v ČSR. In
Právněhistorické studie, 1973, roč. 17, s.101-112. SRBULOVIĆ, Đorđe. Grófska porodica Kotek. In Sveske za istorijų Novog Sada (Acta ex historia Neoplantensi), 2001, roč. 8, č. 10, s. 26-27. Statistische Nachweisungen über das Pressburger Comitat. Bratislava: Alois Schreiber, 1866, 331s. ŠKVARNA, Dušan et al. Lexikon slovenských dejín. Bratislava : Slovenské peda gogické nakladateľstvo, 1997, 381s. ISBN 80-10-00872-9. ŠOVLJAKOV, Mara. Varoš Futog. Futog: vlastným nákladom, 2003, 338s. VIDLIČKA, Štefan - VIDLIČKA, Ľubomír. Bučany a Bučančania. Bučany: Obecný úrad 2008, 338s. ISBN 978-80-969938-7-1. Vlastivedný slovník obcí na Slovensku. I. zv. (HL red. KROPILÁK, Miroslav). Bratislava: Veda, 1977, 526s. 160
Vlastivedný slovník obcí na Slovensku. II. zv. (Hl. red. KROPILÁK, Miroslav). Bratislava: Veda, 1977, 517s. Dobová tlač a internetové zdroje: Obzor: Noviny pre hospodárstvo, remeslo a domáci život, 5. október 1863, roč. 1, č. 1 ֊ 30. september 1883, roč. XXI, č. 36. Slovenské noviny, 15. november 1853, č. 134, s. 3. http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id79.html [16.6.2019]. http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id99.html [2.6.2019]. http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hung/raday2.html [2.6.2019]. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-johanna-breitenfeld1557356.html [3.6.2019]. http://slachta.kosztolanyi.com/modules.php?name=K88_News file= article sid=94 [30.5.2019]. http://telepulesek.adatbank.sk/ [ 10.9.2019]. |
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| author | Ristovská, Radoslava |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1261259122 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046695270 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1310261318 (DE-599)BVBBV046695270 |
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| era | Geschichte 1850-1900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1850-1900 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Dolná Krupá (DE-588)4468945-7 gnd Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Dolná Krupá Slowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV046695270 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:26:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:51:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788381111539 |
| language | Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032105936 |
| oclc_num | 1310261318 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M457 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-M457 DE-12 |
| physical | 163 Seiten Illustrationen, 34 Tabellen, Porträts |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ristovská, Radoslava Verfasser (DE-588)1261259122 aut Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá Radoslava Ristovská The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá Prvé vydanie Trnava Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave 2019 Krakov Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku 163 Seiten Illustrationen, 34 Tabellen, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 157-[161] Zusammenfassung auf Englisch Geschichte 1850-1900 gnd rswk-swf Großgrundbesitz (DE-588)4158278-0 gnd rswk-swf Gut Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4158572-0 gnd rswk-swf Dolná Krupá (DE-588)4468945-7 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 g Dolná Krupá (DE-588)4468945-7 g Gut Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4158572-0 s Großgrundbesitz (DE-588)4158278-0 s Geschichte 1850-1900 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032105936&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032105936&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032105936&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ristovská, Radoslava Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá Großgrundbesitz (DE-588)4158278-0 gnd Gut Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4158572-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4158278-0 (DE-588)4158572-0 (DE-588)4468945-7 (DE-588)4055297-4 |
| title | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
| title_alt | The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
| title_auth | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
| title_exact_search | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
| title_full | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá Radoslava Ristovská |
| title_fullStr | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá Radoslava Ristovská |
| title_full_unstemmed | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá Radoslava Ristovská |
| title_short | Druhá polovica 19. storočia v hospodárskych dejinách dolnokrupského veľkostatku |
| title_sort | druha polovica 19 storocia v hospodarskych dejinach dolnokrupskeho velkostatku the second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate dolna krupa |
| title_sub | = The second half of the 19th century in the economic history of the country estate Dolná Krupá |
| topic | Großgrundbesitz (DE-588)4158278-0 gnd Gut Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4158572-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Großgrundbesitz Gut Landwirtschaft Dolná Krupá Slowakei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032105936&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032105936&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032105936&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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