Essential concepts in clinical research: randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Edinburgh ; London ; New York
Elsevier
2019
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| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Auf dem Umschlag: Enhanced digital version included |
| Beschreibung: | x, 256 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780702073946 0702073946 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Foreword Preface vii ix Introduction 1 An Overview of Clinical Research: The Lay of the Land 1 Observational Studies 2 Descriptive Studies: What They Can and Cannot Do 13 3 Bias and Causal Associations in Observational Research 4 Cohort Studies: Marching Towards Outcomes 5 Case-Control Studies: Research in Reverse 6 Compared to What? Finding Controls for Case-Control Studies 7 The Limitations of Observational Epidemiology 25 39 51 59 71 Screening Tests 8 Uses and Abuses of Screening Tests 83 9 Refining Clinical Diagnosis With Likelihood Ratios 95 Randomised Controlled Trials 10 Boosting Recruitment to Randomised Controlled Trials 107 11 Sample Size Calculations in Randomised Trials: Mandatory and Mystical 121 12 Generation of Allocation Sequences in Randomised Trials: Chance, Not Choice 131 13 Generation of Allocation Sequences in Non-Double-Blinded Randomised Trials: Guarding Against Guessing 141 14 Allocation Concealment in Randomised Trials: Defending Against Deciphering 153 15 Exclusions and Losses in Randomised Trials: Retention of Trial Participants 163 16 Blinding in Randomised Trials: Hiding Who Got What 173 V
CONTENTS VI 17 Implementation of Treatment Blinding in Randomised Trials 18 Surrogate Endpoints and Composite Outcomes: Shortcuts to Unknown Destinations 193 19 Multiplicity in Randomised Trials I: Endpoints and Treatments 20 Multiplicity in Randomised Trials II: Subgroup and Interim Analyses 21 Conducting a Randomised Trial as Part of a Prospective Meta-Analysis 227 Publishing 22 Index Reporting Studies in Medical Journals: CONSORT and Other Reporting Guidelines 235 247 183 205 215
Essential Concepts in Clinical Research speaks to two audiences: those who read mediGal research and those who conduct it. Clinicians are medical detectives by training. For each patient, they assemble clinical clues to establish causes of signs and symptoms. The task involves both clinical acumen and knowledge of medical research. This book helps guide clinicians through this detective work by enabling them to make sense of research and to review medical literature critically. It is also invaluable to researchers who conduct clinical research, particularly randomised controlled trials. • The authors have published hundreds of articles in medical journals over four decades of research. • The authorship includes the lead author of the CONSORT 2010 Statement for the reporting of randomised trials. • The book presents the essential concepts for a wide array of topics including randomised trials, descriptive studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, bias, and screening tests. • The book utilises a readable and humorous prose style, lightening what can be difficult topics. For this Second Edition, the authors have revised and updated the original 16 chapters and added six new chapters. For busy clinicians and active researchers interested in research methods, this book provides helpful tools to derive satisfaction - indeed, fun - from clinical science.
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| adam_txt |
CONTENTS Foreword Preface vii ix Introduction 1 An Overview of Clinical Research: The Lay of the Land 1 Observational Studies 2 Descriptive Studies: What They Can and Cannot Do 13 3 Bias and Causal Associations in Observational Research 4 Cohort Studies: Marching Towards Outcomes 5 Case-Control Studies: Research in Reverse 6 Compared to What? Finding Controls for Case-Control Studies 7 The Limitations of Observational Epidemiology 25 39 51 59 71 Screening Tests 8 Uses and Abuses of Screening Tests 83 9 Refining Clinical Diagnosis With Likelihood Ratios 95 Randomised Controlled Trials 10 Boosting Recruitment to Randomised Controlled Trials 107 11 Sample Size Calculations in Randomised Trials: Mandatory and Mystical 121 12 Generation of Allocation Sequences in Randomised Trials: Chance, Not Choice 131 13 Generation of Allocation Sequences in Non-Double-Blinded Randomised Trials: Guarding Against Guessing 141 14 Allocation Concealment in Randomised Trials: Defending Against Deciphering 153 15 Exclusions and Losses in Randomised Trials: Retention of Trial Participants 163 16 Blinding in Randomised Trials: Hiding Who Got What 173 V
CONTENTS VI 17 Implementation of Treatment Blinding in Randomised Trials 18 Surrogate Endpoints and Composite Outcomes: Shortcuts to Unknown Destinations 193 19 Multiplicity in Randomised Trials I: Endpoints and Treatments 20 Multiplicity in Randomised Trials II: Subgroup and Interim Analyses 21 Conducting a Randomised Trial as Part of a Prospective Meta-Analysis 227 Publishing 22 Index Reporting Studies in Medical Journals: CONSORT and Other Reporting Guidelines 235 247 183 205 215
Essential Concepts in Clinical Research speaks to two audiences: those who read mediGal research and those who conduct it. Clinicians are medical detectives by training. For each patient, they assemble clinical clues to establish causes of signs and symptoms. The task involves both clinical acumen and knowledge of medical research. This book helps guide clinicians through this detective work by enabling them to make sense of research and to review medical literature critically. It is also invaluable to researchers who conduct clinical research, particularly randomised controlled trials. • The authors have published hundreds of articles in medical journals over four decades of research. • The authorship includes the lead author of the CONSORT 2010 Statement for the reporting of randomised trials. • The book presents the essential concepts for a wide array of topics including randomised trials, descriptive studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, bias, and screening tests. • The book utilises a readable and humorous prose style, lightening what can be difficult topics. For this Second Edition, the authors have revised and updated the original 16 chapters and added six new chapters. For busy clinicians and active researchers interested in research methods, this book provides helpful tools to derive satisfaction - indeed, fun - from clinical science. |
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| spelling | Schulz, Kenneth F. Verfasser (DE-588)1175459992 aut The Lancet handbook of essential concepts in clinical research Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology Kenneth F. Schulz, PhD, MBA (Distinguished Scientist, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA, Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HIll, NC, USA), David A. Grimes, MD (Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hll, NC, USA) ; foreword by Richard Horton, FRCP, FRCPCH, FMedSci (editor-in-chief, The Lancet) Clinical research Second edition Edinburgh ; London ; New York Elsevier 2019 x, 256 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Auf dem Umschlag: Enhanced digital version included Grimes, David A. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1175483958 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-7020-7393-9 Vorangegangen ist 978-0-08-044866-4 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032047655&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032047655&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Schulz, Kenneth F. Grimes, David A. 1947- Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| title | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| title_alt | The Lancet handbook of essential concepts in clinical research Clinical research |
| title_auth | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| title_exact_search | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| title_full | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology Kenneth F. Schulz, PhD, MBA (Distinguished Scientist, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA, Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HIll, NC, USA), David A. Grimes, MD (Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hll, NC, USA) ; foreword by Richard Horton, FRCP, FRCPCH, FMedSci (editor-in-chief, The Lancet) |
| title_fullStr | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology Kenneth F. Schulz, PhD, MBA (Distinguished Scientist, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA, Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HIll, NC, USA), David A. Grimes, MD (Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hll, NC, USA) ; foreword by Richard Horton, FRCP, FRCPCH, FMedSci (editor-in-chief, The Lancet) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology Kenneth F. Schulz, PhD, MBA (Distinguished Scientist, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA, Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HIll, NC, USA), David A. Grimes, MD (Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hll, NC, USA) ; foreword by Richard Horton, FRCP, FRCPCH, FMedSci (editor-in-chief, The Lancet) |
| title_short | Essential concepts in clinical research |
| title_sort | essential concepts in clinical research randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| title_sub | randomised controlled trials and observational epidemiology |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032047655&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032047655&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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