Russia from the American Embassy:
"David R. Francis held the post of the United States ambassador to Russia from April 1916 to November 1918, and represented his country before four Russian governments: the Imperial, Provisional, Soviet, and Northern ones. He was an eyewitness of the greatest events in the history of Russia, an...
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Bloomington, Indiana
Slavica
[2019]
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| Series: | Americans in revolutionary Russia
vol. 11 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | "David R. Francis held the post of the United States ambassador to Russia from April 1916 to November 1918, and represented his country before four Russian governments: the Imperial, Provisional, Soviet, and Northern ones. He was an eyewitness of the greatest events in the history of Russia, and met prominent figures such as Nicholas II and Vladimir Lenin. His diplomatic experience was unique and had no parallel in the history of Russian-American relations."-- |
| Physical Description: | xxxii, 307 Seiten, 4 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780893574635 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a First Impressions -- German Influence in Russian Affairs -- Treason in High Places -- Rumblings of Revolutions -- The March Revolutions -- American Recognition of the Provisional Government -- The Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies -- Significant Changes in the Ministry -- The Diplomatic and Railway Commission -- The July Revolution -- The Provisional Government and the Forces of Destruction -- The Break Between Kerensky and Korniloff -- The Bolsheviks Overthrow the Government -- The Constituent Assembly Dispersed by Armed Bolsheviks -- The Diamandi Incident -- The Brest-Litovsk Peace -- Vologda-The Diplomatic Capital -- Archangel and the Northern Government -- Allied Policies in Russia -- Bolshevism and the Peace Conference -- Bolshevism in Principle and in Practice -- Russia-The Chief Victim of the World War -- Retrospect | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents Vladimir V. Noskov Editor’s Introduction ............................................................................................. ix Russia from the American Embassy Introduction.................................................................................................................... 3 I. First Impressions ......................................................................................................... 7 II. German Influence in Russian Affairs ................................................................... 22 III. Treason in High Places ........................................................................................... 31 IV. Rumblings of Revolutions ..................................................................................... 47 V. The March Revolutions......................................................................................... 53 VI. American Recognition of the Provisional Government.................................... 72 VII. The Council of Workmen and Soldiers’ Deputies ............................................ 83 VIII. Significant Changes in the Ministry ................................................................ 98 IX. The Diplomatic and Railway Commission..................................................... 108 X. The July Revolution 113
vi Contents XI. The Provisional Government and the Forces of Destruction ........................ 120 XII. The Break Between Kerensky and Korniloff................................................ 129 XIII. The Bolsheviks Overthrow the Government............................................... 144 XIV. The Constituent Assembly Dispersed by Armed Bolsheviks ...................... 164 XV. The Diamandi Incident..................................................................................... 187 XVI. The Brest-Litovsk Peace ................................................................................. 193 XVII. Vologda—The Diplomatic Capital .............................................................. 202 XVIII. Archangel and the Northern Government ............................................... 224 XIX. Allied Policies in Russia................................................................................... 253 XX. Bolshevism and the Peace Conference ........................................................... 260 XXI. Bolshevism in Principle and in Practice........................................................ 277 XXII. Russia—The Chief Victim of the World War ............................................ 285 XXIII. Retrospect...................................................................................................... 288 Index 295
Index Alaska, 285 Alexander III, 8n7, 90, 122 Alexandrinsky Theater, 142-143 Aleksandrov, Aleksei А., 204ո4 Alexandrov, delegate of the Ukrainian Peasants’ Congress, 209, 210 Alexandrovsky Palace, xiii, 15n37, 71 Alekseev, Mikhail V, 119, 136, 137, 236 Aleksei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich, 13n30, 20, 60, 62, 63, 65, 70,71 All-Cossacks Congress, 129 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Peasants’ Deputies, 122 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, First, 73n2, 129 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, Second, 153nl7, 158, 168, 193 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Soldiers’, and Peasants’ Deputies, Third, 170nll All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, Soldiers’, and Cossacks’ Deputies, Extraordinary Fourth, 11 lnl5, 194n3, 195, 198, 199 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, Red Army, and Cossacks’ Deputies, Fifth, 209, 210 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, Cossacks’, and Red Army Deputies, Extraordinary Sixth, 266nl3 Allies, xviii, xx, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, xxxi, 12, 18, 22, 23, 29, 31, 35, 37, 38, 49, 51, 69, 76, 77, 82, 91,92, 93, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 116, 132, 133, 134, 135, 145, 149, 156, 158, 163, 169, 175, 187, 193, 195, 197, 201, 203, 206, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 252, 253-59, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 274, 276, 279, 281, 282, 283 American ambassador at Tokyo (Roland S. Morris), 255 American Bolsheviks, 143
American colony in Petrograd, xvi, xvii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 14, 109, 136, 156 American Commission. See Root Mission American consul at Chita. SeeJenkins, Douglas American consul at Flarbin. See Moser, Charles K. American consul at Irkutsk. See Macgowan, David B. American consul at Odessa (John A. Ray), 177 American consul at Samara. See Nielsen, Örsen N. American consul at Vladivostok (John K. Caldwell), 177, 255 American consulate at Ekaterinburg, 245 American consulate general at Moscow. See Lehrs, John A.; Macgowan, David B.; Poole, DeWitt C., Jr.; Summers, Maddin; Thomas, Edward B. American consulate general at Petrograd. See Tredwell, Roger C.; Vezey, Flarry C.; Winship, North American embassy at Arkhangelsk, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 247, 269 American embassy at Petrograd, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xix, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 7, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 66, 72, 74, 77, 87, 88, 90, 91, 100, 107, 109, 115, 125, 126, 136, 137, 138, 140, 143, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176,
296 Index 187, 188, 189, 193, 198, 200, 202, 226, 257, 260 American embassy at Vologda, xxviii, 203, 204, 205, 207, 212, 213, 215, 218, 246, 247, 254, 256, 257 American Expeditionary Forces in northern Russia, 5n6, 228, 231, 242, 251 American Federation of Fabor, 84, 108, 199, 289 American hospital in Petrograd, xvii, 14ո34, 56ո9 American Methodist Episcopal Chapel, xvii American minister at Stockholm. See Morris, Ira N. American Peace Commission at Paris, 15n36, 262n7, 264, 266, 269, 272 American Press Bureau in Russia, xxiii, 160n35 American Red Cross Mission to north Russia, 282 American Red Cross Mission to Romania, 147, 282n3 American Red Cross Mission to Russia, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, 147, 161, 162, 176-77, 179. See ako Robins, Raymond; Thompson, William B. American Refuge for Refugee Women and Children from the War Zone, xvii, 14 American-Russian Chamber of Commerce, 22nl anarchists, 87, 96, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 198, 270. See ako “drunken sailor”; Shatov, Vladimir S. Andreev, Nikolai A., 21 ln22 Anglo-Soviet commercial agreement, 275, 284 Arctic Ocean, 245 Arkhangelsk, x, xviii, xxvi, xxviii, 5, 6, 101, 111, 174, 206, 207, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224-52, 255, 259, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 286, 289 Armenians, 93 Armistice, European, xxviii, 3, 248, 250, 260, 262, 279, 281,282,285,289 Armistice, German-Russian, 111, 193, 195 Armour, Norman, xiii, 46n34, 81nl9, 246, 247 Artzimovich, Vladimir A., xvii Asquith, Herbert H., 92, 260 Assodateti Press, The, 140, 201, 257. See also Macgowan, David B.; Rennick, Henry L.
attachés on special mission. See Miles, Basil; Sands, William E Aurora, Russian cruiser, 152 Austria (Austria-Hungary), 18, 86, 93, 105, 197, 248, 258, 285 Austrian prisoners, xix, 7, 8n5, 257 Austrian-Hungarian embassy, 8, 53, 54, 55, 57 Avksentev, Nikolai D., 121nl0, 155, 171, 236 Azef, Evno F, 10 Azov-Don Commercial Bank, 39 Bailey,James G., xiii, 54, 81nl9 Baker, Henry, xiii, 14n34, 17, 75n7 Baker, Newton D., Jr., 264 Bakhmetiev, Boris A., 89 Balfour, Arthur J., 275 Baltic railway station, 60 Bark, Peter L., 29 Belgian minister, 49 Belgium, 23, 104, 105, 106, 279, 280, 285 Belosselsky-Belozersky, Prince, 59 Belosselsky-Belozersky, Princess (née Susan Tucker Whittier), xvii, 59 Berg, American trader, 249 Berkman, Alexander, 139, 140, 141, 172, 173, 176, 177 Bernatsky, Mikhail V, 75n7, 121 Bertron, Samuel R., Jr., 108, 109 Bierer, Bion B„ 227, 247 Birzhevye Vedomosti (Stock Exchange News), business newspaper, 116, 118 Björkö, Treaty of, 9 Black Sea Fleet, 93, 109 Bliss, Tasker H., 262, 263 “Bloody Sunday,” 10-11 Blumkin, Yakov G., 21 ln22 Bobrinsky, Aleksei A., 43 Bolshevik Revolution. See October Revoludon Bolsheviks, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 20ո54, 27, 73, 74, 107, 111, 116, 119, 121, 122, 125, 131, 132, 135, 141, 142, 143, 144-63, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174, 177, 178, 179, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193, 195, 198, 199, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 216, 217, 224, 225, 226, 229, 230, 237, 238,
Index 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 264, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 275, 277, 285, 289, 290 Bolshevism, xxviii, xxx, 3, 6, 30, 132, 172, 178, 199, 201, 213, 256, 260-76, 277֊84, 285, 286, 289, 290, 291 “Bourse Gazette.” See Birzhevye Vedomosti Breckenridge, James C., xiii, 17, 46n34, 8ІПІ9 Brest-Litovsk peace negotiations, xxiv, xxvi, 176, 189, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 226, 277, 282 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, xxvii, 111, 192, 193-201, 208, 221, 226, 244, 255, 256, 257,267,269,270,271,290 Briand, Aristide, 92 British ambassador. See Buchanan, Sir George W. British commissioner to Russia. See Lindley, Francis O. British embassy, 45, 49, 81, 109, 134, 136, 202, 203, 241,244, 275 British military attaché (Sir Alfred Knox), 154 British socialists in Russia, 86 British-Slav legion (Slavo-British Allied Legion), 237, 251 Brooklyn, USS, 202 Brosoff, I. G., 191 Brusilov, Aleksei A., 25, 119 Bryant, Louise (Mrs. Jack Reed), 140n20, 141 Bryce, James, 27 Bublikov, Alexander A., 68 Buchanan, Lady Georgina, 125 Buchanan, Sir George W., xviii, xxi, xxv, 38, 44-45, 49, 78, 81, 94, 125, 133, 134, 135, 143, 156, 169ո6, 177, 187, 194, 244, 274 Buisseret Steenbecque de Blarenghien, 49 Bukowski, Peter L, 241 Bulgaria, 197 Bullard, Arthur, xxxiii, xxivn75, xxv, 160 Burevestnik (Stormy Petrel), anarchist newspaper, 174 Cantacuzène-Speransky, Princess (née Julia Dent Grant), xvii Carlton, Newcomb W., 29 Carlotti di Riparbella, Marquis Andrea, 38n8, 45, 49, 78,81, 125, 133, 134 297 Carnegie, Andrew, 173 Carr, Wilbur J., 271 Chaikovsky, Nikolai V, xxviii,
75n7, 155, 156, 226n2, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 251, 290 chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire. See Golitsyn, Prince Nikolai; Stürmer, Boris V; Trepov, Alexander F. Chaplin, Georgy E., 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 238 Chernov, Viktor M., 109n8, 118, 12In 10, 126, 171 Chicherin, Georgy V, 177, 198, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 225, 226, 258, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 290 China, 32, 48, 50, 108, 120, 136 Chinese legation, 50, 202 Chinese minister (Liu Tszinjen), 48, 50, 87 Chinese soldiers, 197, 277, 283 Chita, 195, 202 Chkheidze, Nikolai S., 61n24, 73, 84 Christensen, Thomas, 265 Circus Modern, 114, 139 Clemenceau, Georges, 263 Cleveland, Grover, x Club House (Vologda Society of Mutual Aid to Private Service Labor), 204, 205 commercial attaché. See Baker, Henry; Huntington, William C. commercial treaty, negotiations of, xviii, xix, 11, 12, 13, 18,31 Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly (KOMUCh), 235n20 Committee for the Salvation of the Motherland and the Revolution, 155n28 Committee on Public Information, xxiii communism, 291 Constantinople, 32n3, 77, 93, 94. See abo Straits Constituent Assembly (All-Russian Constituent Assembly), 75, 77, 78, 117, 132, 137, 144, 145, 146, 148, 154, 159, 164-79, 238, 239, 240, 260, 263. See abo Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly
298 Constitutional Democratic Party. See Kadets Consular Bureau, 271 Cooke, Hamilton, 27 Cooke, Henry Arthur, 244n36 Corse, Frederick M., xi, xvii Council of People’s Commissars, 4n2, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 188, 190, 193, 197 counselor of the embassy. See Dearing, Fred M.; Wright, J. Buder Cramm, Madida de, 125n20, 127 Crane, Charles R., xi, 108, 227 Cromie, Francis N. A., 275 Crosley, Pauline S., xxvin94, 124nl3 Crosley, Walter S.։ 116nl0, 124, 135 Czecho-Slovaks, xxvii, 8nl0, 93, 94n22, 112, 208, 257, 258, 265, 268, 270 Dan, Fyodor I., 153 Daniels, Josephus, 247 Danish minister (Harald Scavenius), 48 Dardanelles, 38, 94. See aho Straits Darling, William L., 110 Dean (Doyen) of the Diplomatic Corps, xxv, 133, 169, 187, 189, 194, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222, 232, 244, 260, 267 Dearing, Fred M., xiii, 12, 15, 16, 19 Declaration of War Aims of the Provisional Government, 91nl7, 93, 101, 103 Dedusenko, Yakov T., 233nl8, 234 “Defeatists,” 113, 197 Delo Naroda (People’s Cause), Socialists Revolutionaries’ newspaper, 170 Democratic Conference (All-Russian Democratic Conference), 137, 145 “Democratic débauche,” xii Denikin, Anton I., 290n4, 291 “Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,” 252 Devine, Edward T., xiv, 8n5 Diamandy, Count, xxvi, 125, 187, 188, 189 Diamandy Incident, 187-92 Dillon, Emile Joseph, 20 “Diplomatic Capital of Russia,” xxvii, xxviii, 202, 204 Diplomatic Corps, xxv, xxviii, xxx, 44, 46, 47, 48, 78, 133, 169, 187, 189, 190, 194, 206, 212, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 232, 235, 244, 248, 253, 260, 267, 268 Index Dmitry Pavlovich, Grand Duke,
13n30, 41, 42 Donetzk railroads, 111 Donop, French colonel, 230, 236 “drunken sailor” (Anatoly G. Zheleznyakov), 171 Duncan, James, 108, 109 Durov, Boris A., 233nl7, 236, 239, 240 Dutch minister (Arthur-Marin-Désiré Sweerts de Landas Wyborgh), 48 Dvina River, 224, 225, 230, 240, 242 “dvornick,” 56, 57, 175 Dvortsovaya Embankment, 26n5, 134n8 Dzerzhinsky, Felix E., 21 ln23 Economic Conference of the Allies, 12, 26, 33 Edward VII, King of Great Britain, xi Ekaterinburg, 8nl0, 245, 246 Ekaterininsky Palace, 44n29 Eliava, Shalva Z., 204n6 Emerson, George H., Ill, 112, 148, 254 Emperor’s Station, 16, 44, 46 Empress (Alexandra Fyodorovna), 9, 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43, 56, 60, 65, 67, 69, 70,71 Empress Dowager (Maria Fyodorovna), 8, 10, 21,42, 70 England, xxviii, 15, 23, 26, 27, 29, 49, 127, 163, 179, 195, 227, 237, 243, 249, 250, 251, 261, 263, 269, 274, 279, 282, 283, 284, 285, 290 Entente. See Allies Estonia, 197 Extraordinary Commission against counter revolution (All-Russian Emergency Commission for Combating CounterRevolution and Sabotage (CheKa), 270. See also Blumkin, Yakov G.; Dzerzhinsky, Felix E.; Kedrov, Mikhail S.; Peters, Yakov K.; Uritsky, Moisei S. Extraordinary Revolutionary Staff, xxviii, 217, 220, 246 February Revolution. See March Revolution Finland, 22, 105, 178, 179, 202, 203. See abo Helsingfors; Torneo Finland railway station, 7, 188 “Ford,” 57, 159
Index Fourth of July reception, xvii, xxviii, 109, 206, 207, 209 France, 9, 23, 26, 27, 102, 104, 105, 106, 113, 178, 179, 195, 207, 208, 243, 248, 249, 250, 252, 259, 263, 269, 274, 279, 280, 283, 285, 290 Francis’s reception by the emperor and empress, xiii, 13, 15-19, 45 Francis, Charles, 203, 245 Francis, David R.,Jr., 96, 122 Francis, Jane (née Jane Perry), x, xivnl7, xviin35, 44, 159 Francis, Perry, 11, 91, 98, 106, 135, 143, 149, 159, 262 Francis, Sidney, 228 Francis, Taiton, 258 Francis, Thomas, 257 Frantsuskaya Embankment, 51nl5, 57nl3 Fraser, Lovat G., 279 Frederiks, Count Vladimir В,, 67, 70 French ambassador. See Noulens, Joseph; Paléologue, Maurice French embassy, 57, 81, 109, 202, 203, 255, 267 French military attaché Jean Guillaume Lavergne), 154 French socialists in Russia, 86 Frick, Henry C., 173 Furshtatskaya Street, xv, 12n27, 14, 51, 53, 54, 72nl, 138 Galabutsky, Ivan R, 204n5 Gapon, Georgy A., 10 Gardner, Frederick D., 4, 5 Gaylord, Franklin A., xvii, 14n34, 162n36 George V, King of Great Britain, 20, 260, 261,282 George Washington, steamer, 262, 263, 286, 289 German embassy at Petrograd, 8, 24 German legation at Moscow, 209, 212, 213, 217,267, 270 German officers in Petrograd, 201 German prisoners, xix, 7, 8n5 German propaganda, 156 German-Russian commercial treaty (additional convention to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Russia and Germany), 9, 15, 279 German-Russian supplementary treaties, 270 299 Germany, xx, xxii, xxv, xxviii, 9, 15, 18, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, ЗО, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 49, 50, 76, 82, 86, 92, 93, 96, 102, 105, 106, 113,
114, 120, 123, 127, 146, 147, 156, 179, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 203, 207, 208, 209, 210, 213, 214, 221, 228, 243, 245, 248, 249, 252, 255, 256, 257, 259, 264, 269, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 289 declaration of war, 8, 14, 31 Gibbs, George, 110 Glasberg, Valentin N., 121 Glennon, James H., 101n6, 108, 109 Goldman, Emma, 139, 176, 177 Golitsyn, Prince, 43 Gompers, Samuel, 84, 199, 285, 289 Gorky, Maxim, 149 Gortalov, Sergei E, 241n32 Grabbe, Michael N., xv, 12n27 Grant, Ulysses S., US president, xvii Grayson, Cary T, 261, 262 “great rally,” 95 Greek (Orthodox) Church, 278 Greiner, John E., 110 Grekov, Konstantin E, 67, 68 Grey, Sir Edward, 92 Grigorovich, Ivan K., 59 Groves, Philip, 257 Grudistov, Nikolai V, 239n28 Guaranty Trust Company of New York, xvii Guchkov, Alexander I., 70, 78, 79, 81, 88, 91nl7, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 165 Guchkov, Nikolai I., 79nl3 Gukovsky, Alexander I., 238n26, 239, 240 Gulkevich, Konstantin N., 248n45 Hague, The, 247 Halifax, 114 Hapgood, Isabel E, 245 Harbin, 112, 120, 136, 143n27, 254 Harding, Warren G., 288 Harper, Samuel N., xi, xii, xiii, xx, xxiv, xxv, xxvi Harte, Archibald C., xiv, 162ո36 Haywood, William D., 289 Helsingfors, 172, 173, 174, 178, 203. See abo Finland Hillquit, Morris, 141, 142 Hitchcock, Gilbert M,, 264, 265
зоо Index Hoffman, Max, 190ո7, 191, 192, 196, 289 Holbrook, Frederick, 115 Holy Synod (Most Holy Governing Synod), 131,278.See also Lvov, Vladimir N. Hôtel Astoria, 125 Hôtel de France, 55 House, Edward M., xxv, 262, 263 Hughes, Charles E., 288 Hungary, 93 Huntington, William C., xiii, xiv, хху 46ո34, 8ІПІ9, 174ո22, 175 Hurd, Eugene, 27 Huysmans, Camille, 141, 141 Ignatiev, Pavel N., 43n22 Ignatiev, Vladimir I., 233nl6 Industrial Workers of the World (IWWs), 289 International Bank of Commerce (St. Petersburg International Commercial Bank), 39 International Socialist Bureau, 142 Ioffe, Adolf A., 190n5, 191 Irkutsk, 195, 202, 255 Ironside, W. Edmund, 250n49, 251 Italian ambassador. See Carlotti di Riparbella, Marquis Andrea; Torretta, Marquis Pietro della Italian embassy, 57, 81, 109, 175, 202, 203, 267 Italy, 32n3, 93, 195, 252, 274, 283 Ivanov, Aleksei A., 234nl9, 238, 239 Ivanov, Nikolai I., 68n38 Izvestiia (News), Soviet newspaper, 166, 281 Japan, 9, 23, 31, 32, 86, 111, 242, 244, 255, 259 Japanese ambassador. See Motono Ichiro; Uchida Kosai Japanese chargé d’affaires (Marumo Naotosi), 45 Japanese embassy 45, 46, 51nl5, 202 Japanese intervention, 254, 255 Jenkins, Douglas, 195 Johnston, Earl M., 56, 60, 61, 74, 77, 173, 175, 176,213, 260, 261,262 Jones, American captain, 261 Jones, Breckinridge, 26, 244 Jordan, Philip, xii, xv, 7, 61, 87, 159, 175, 262 Judson, William V, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 105nl0, 135ո9, 154, 155, 175, 224 Jugo-Slavs, 208 July Crisis (July Revolution), 90, 109, 113-19, 121, 162, 163, 167, 278 junkers (cadets), 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160 Jusserand, Jean
Jules, 204 kadets (Constitutional Democrats), 3nl, 34n6, 75nl0, 76, 117, 121, 142, 143, 168 Kaledin, Aleksei M., 74 Kamkov, Boris D., 211ո21 Kandalaksha, 225, 226, 227, 228, 232, 241, 268 Karakhan, Lev M., 201, 270 Karelin, Vladimir A., 210 Kazan Cathedral, 34, 87, 278 Kedrov, Mikhail S., 206nl 1, 224, 246, 247 Kern, 232 Kerensky Alexander E, 3nl, 71, 76, 77, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 99, 100, 101, 104, 106, 107, 109, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129-43, 144, 146, 150, 151, 152, 157, 162, 163, 167, 168, 171, 248, 277 Kerth, Monroe C., 194 Khvostov, Alexander A., 29n 11 Kiev, 10, 42, 62, 70n42 Kirochnaya Street, 60n21, 116 Knight, Austin M., 202 Kokoshkin, Fyodor E, 12ІПІ0, 174 Kolchak, Alexander V, 101, 248, 290, 291 Kollontai, Alexandra M., 157 Korf, Pavel P., 15, 17, 19 Kornilov Affair, 88n7, 129-43, 144, 151, 162, 248 Kornilov, Lavr G., 66ո28, 88, 119, 120, 122, 123, 129-37, 162, 277 Kotlas, 230, 242 Kovanko, Lev E., 151 Krasin, Leonid В., 275 Krasnov, Peter N., 151 Kronstadt, 107, 115, 140, 152, 153 “Kronstadt Republic,” 107, 152 Krylov, S., 173 Kseshinskaya, Matilda E, 20, 114 Kseshinskaya’s mansion, 20, 114 Kudasheva, Princess (Myra Armour), 247n41 Kudryavy Viktor A., 205n9 Kutzy, K., 173
Index Lansing, Robert, xvi, xixn 14, ххп51, ххп54, xxi, ххііпбв, ххііпбЭ, xxv, xxvii, 5, 6, 22, 28,37,49, 153,261,262, 263 Larin, Yu, 270 Lazimir, Pavel E., 191n9 League of Nations, 271, 276, 286, 287, 291 Lebedev, Vladimir L, 120 Lee, William H., 99 Left Socialists Revolutionaries, xxviii, 85ոՅ, 169, 171, 209, 210, 211. Äse aho Socialists Revolutionaries Lehrs, John A., 221, 222 Lenin, Vladimir L, x, xxvi, 4, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 121, 126, 132, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 176, 177, 179, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 213, 225, 244, 256, 266, 267, 274, 275, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 289, 290 Lenin’s brother (Alexander I. Ulyanov), 90 Leopold II, King of Belgium, xi Lettish soldiers (Latvian riflemen), 169, 170, 197, 246, 277, 283 Lindley, Francis O., 202, 215, 216, 225, 227, 234, 237, 238, 244, 258, 275 Liteiny Bridge, 115, 116 Liteiny Prospekt, 14n35, 53, 54, 58, 60, 115, 174n21 Litvinov, Maxim M., 266nl4 Livadia, 68, 69 Lloyd George, David, 260, 263, 271, 273, 283 Lockhart, Bruce, 241, 255, 256 London, 3, 5, 6, 101, 177, 247, 249, 260, 261, 264, 266, 283, 289 Long, Breckinridge, 231 Looga Workers’ and Soldiers’ Council, 170 Lorraine, 23, 102 Loubet, Emile, xi Lukomsky, Alexander S., 136 Lvov, Georgy E., 3nl, 63, 77, 80, 81, 90nl5, 104, 116, 118, 119, 131, 164, 166 Lvov, Vladimir N., 131, 132 Macgowan, David B., 75n7, 160, 195, 255n2 Manchester Guardian, The, 213 March, Peyton C., 231 ЗОЇ March Revolution (February Revolution), x, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxx, 20, 51, 53-71, 126, 146,
194, 209, 278 Mariinsky Palace, 80, 95 Mariinsky Theatre, 88 Marines, xiii, 176, 207nl4, 227, 228 Martin, Hugh S., 226, 249, 250 Martushin, Grigory A., 238n24, 239, 240 Marye, George T, xi, xix, xxx, 14n34 Mason, Frederick, 217, 218 Маха, Prokop, 265 Maximalists (members of the Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists), 171, 209 Majak (Lighthouse) Society, xvii, 162n36. See also Young Men’s Christian Association McCormick, Cyrus H.,Jr., 108n7 McCully, Newton A., xiii, xxviii, 17, 46ո34, 55, 81nl9, 247, 282 McGrath, British captain, 215, 216 McRoberts, Samuel, xvi, 22 Mensheviks, 121n6, 153, 171 Mensheviks-Internationalists, 153, 196, 209 Meserve, H. Fessenden, xvi, 14n34 Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 61, 63, 65, 69, 70, 166, 234 Miles, Basil, xiv, xxv, 8n5, 46n34, 54, 55, 64, 81nl9, 105nl0, 231 military attaché. eJudson, William V; Riggs, E. Francis; Ruggles, James A. Military Revolutionary Committee, 146, 149, 154, 155 Miller, Henry, 110, 111 Milyukov, Pavel N., xxi, 34, 37, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 104, 109, 124, 126, 127, 130, 168, 238 Milyukov note, 9ІПІ7, 93, 94 minister of agriculture. See Bobrinsky, Aleksei A.; Chernov, Viktor M. minister of commerce and industry (Alexander I. Konovalov), 95n25 minister of finance. See Bark, Peter L.; Bernatsky, Mikhail V; Nekrasov, Nikolai V; Tereshchenko, Mikhail L; Witte, Sergei Y minister of foreign affairs. See Milyukov, Pavel N.; Pokrovsky, Nikolai N.; Sazonov, Sergei
302 Index D.; Stürmer, Boris V; Tereshchenko, Mikhail I. minister of the Imperial Court and Household. See Frederiks, Count Vladimir B. minister of internal affairs. See Khvostov, Alexander A.; Protopopov, Alexander D.; Stürmer, Boris V; Tsereteli, Irakli G. minister of justice. See Kerensky, Alexander F. minister of navy. See Grigorovich, Ivan K. minister of people’s education. See Ignatiev, Pavel N. minister of posts and telegraphs. See Tsereteli, Irakli G. minister of war. See Shuvaev, Dmitry S.; Sukhomlinov, Vladimir A.; Verkhovsky, Alexander I. minister of war and navy. See Guchkov, Alexander I.; Kerensky, Alexander F. minister of ways of communication. See Nekrasov, Nikolai V; Trepov, Alexander F. minister president of the Provisional Government. See Kerensky, Alexander F.; Lvov, Georgy E. Mississippi Valley Trust Company, 26 Mogilev, 69, 70 Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 146n2 Mooney, Thomas J., 87, 90, 176, 177 Morris, Ira N., 156n30, 201 Morskaya Street, 39nl4, 39nl5, 55n7, 57nl2, 125nl5, 157 Moscow, xxvi, xxviii, 5ո7, 44, 56, 62, 63, 79, 96, 97, 109, 111, 129, 130, 137, 156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 177, 179, 194, 195, 198, 200, 202, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 239, 241, 242, 243, 246, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 289, 290 Moscow Political Conference, 129n2, 130 Moser, Charles K., 120, 136 Motono Ichiro, 31, 255 Mott, John R., xi, 108, 109 Muraviev, Mikhail A., 154 Murmansk, xxvii, 111, 163, 207, 216, 226, 227, 228, 241, 243, 249, 250, 251, 255 Musin-Pushkin, Vladimir
A., 16n40 Narodny Dorn (People’s House), 123 Naryshkina, Elizaveta A., 15 National City Bank of New York, Petrograd Branch, xvi, xvii, xxvii, 14ո34, 22, 26, 247 National Socialists (members of the Labor People-Socialist Party), 121 naval attaché. See Crosley, Walter S.; McCully, Newton A.; Riis, Sergius M. Nekrasov, Nikolai V, 89, 95, 118, 120, 121, 126 Neva, 13, 20,41,51,55, 59, 114, 115, 152 Nevsky Prospekt, 39nl3, 58, 75n7, 80, 87, 95n24, 96, 143, 162n36 New York Call, 142 New York City, 6n8, 68n36, 75n8, 108, 109n8, 114, 118nl4, 120n3, 140, 153nl9, 155, 156n29, 201, 263, 287 New York Life Insurance Company, xvii, 27n8 Nicholas II, x, 8, 14n32, 17, 20, 21, 23, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 56, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70,71,79, 245, 246 Nichols, J. Brooks, 228, 229 Nielsen, Örsen N., 195 Nikolayevsky railway station, 67 Nikolaevskoe Cavalry School, 155 Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke, 10, 55, 56 Nilov, Konstantin D., 67, 68 “no war, no peace” declaration, I96n7, 197, 277 Nolde, Baroness, 74 Nolde, Boris E., 74 Northern Government. See Provisional Government of the Northern Region; Supreme Administration of the Northern Region Norway, 48, 101, 163, 203, 248 Norwegian attaché. See Christensen, Thomas Norwegian legation, 8n5, 50, 265 Norwegian minister. See Prebensen, Nikolai Nostitz, Countess (née Lilie Bouton), xvii, xix, xx, 56, 59 Nostitz, Grigory L, 56n9, 59 Noulens, Joseph, 133, 134, 188, 202, 227, 236, 237, 238, 254, 258 Novocherkassk, 74n4 Novoe Vremia (New Times), Petrograd newspaper, 118, 170
Index Ob River, 237 October Revolution, x, xxiv, xxviii, 89nl2, 90, 101, 111, 112, 119, 159, 171,278, 282 Octobrist Party (Union of October 17), 33n4, 43n26, 63n25, 70n41, 79 Odessa, 106, 177, 210 Officers’ Assembly of the Army and Navy, 59-60 Olympia, USS, xxviii, 101, 227, 247, 251, 282 Omsk, 237 Order No. 1,80, 89,277 Overman Committee, xxix, 238n24, 289 Paléologue, Maurice, xviii, 38nl0, 45, 49, 78, 81 Pankhurst, Emmeline, 124, 125, 127 Paris Peace Conference, 3, 15n36, 87, 248n45, 260-76, 290 Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 41 “Peace Without Victory,” 47-49, 92, 93 Peirce, Herbert H. D., xiii, 16, 75n7 people’s commissar for foreign affairs. See Chicherin, Georgy V; Trotsky, Lev D. people’s commissar for war and navy. See Trotsky, Lev D. Perm, 202 Pershing, John J., 249, 262 Persia, 41nl8, 42, 266 Peter and Paul Fortress, 10, 34, 38, 59, 90, 101, 114, 151, 152, 163, 189 Peters, Yakov K., 278 Petrograd, x, xii, xiii, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xx, xxii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, xxxi, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 19, 22, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34, 39, 42, 44, 46, 51, 58, 61, 65, 67, 68, 73, 75, 79, 86, 90, 96, 98, 99, 101, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 149, 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 162, 169, 177, 188, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203, 210, 211, 216, 220, 224, 238, 243, 245, 247, 248, 257, 260, 261, 263, 267, 273, 274, 278, 283, 286, 290 Petrograd City Duma, 95, 154 Petrograd side, 114 Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, 61n24, 62-63, 64, 65, 66, 71n43, 73, 76, 79, 80, 81, 83-97, 98, 99, 303 100, 107, 114, 115,
116, 122, 131, 137, 139, 153, 154, 157, 158, 162, 165, 167 Petrograd telephone station, 157, 158 Pettus Leathe of St. Louis, 271 Petrov, P. M. (Bolshevik emigrant), 177 Phelps, Livingston, xiii, 46n34, 81nl9, 173, 188 Plekhanov, Georgy V, 113 Podvoisky, Nikolai L, 191n8 Pokrovsky, Nikolai N., xivnl4, 28, 47, 59 Poland, 22, 197, 117nl2 Polar Star, imperial yacht, 172 Polish soldiers, 155 Polk, Frank L., 15, 40, 264, 266 Polovtsev, Alexander A., 64 Poole, DeWitt C.,Jr., xxii, 5, 160, 23ІПІ2, 241, 249, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274 Poole, Frederick G, 215, 216, 226, 230, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 249, 250, 251 Pope (Benedict XV), 147n6 Popov, Stepan K., 222n32 posts and telegraphs, general administration, 29 Potemkinskaya Street, 50nl2 Pravda (Truth), Bolshevik newspaper, 189 Prebensen, Nikolai, 48n4, 50 Priest, Henry S., 132, 137 “Prinkipo Proposal,” 263, 271, 272, 273, 274, 283, 290 Proctor, Alex, 249 Protopopov, Alexander D., 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 56, 59, 62, 69, 76, 77 Provisional Committee of the State Duma, 34n6, 43n26, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68n36, 70n42, 71n43, 73, 78, 89nl0, 95n25, ІЗІпЗ Provisional Government, xviii, xxi, xxii, З, 28, 34ո6, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 72-82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120-28, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 152, 157, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173, 187, 196, 248, 278, 285 Provisional Government, second coalition, 3nl, 118, 120, 12ІПІ0
304 Index Provisional Government of the Northern Region, 226n2. See abo Supreme Administration of the Northern Region Pskov, 70, 79 Purishkevich, Vladimir M., 13n30, 39, 40, 41,42 Queen Dowager of Greece (Olga Konstantinovna), 42 Queen Mary of the United Kingdom, 260 Radek, Karl B, 196, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 220, 267, 269, 278, 290 Radical Democrats (members of the Russian Radical-Democratic Party), 121 Railroad Commission (Advisory Commission of Railway Experts to Russia), xxii, xxvii, 98, 109-12, 147, 148 Railway Union (All-Russian Executive Committee of the Railway Trade Union), 153 Rakovsky, Khristian G., 190n4, 210 Ramsay, Baroness (née Frances Sheldon Whitehouse), xvii, 59 Ramsay, Konstantin A., 59, 150, 151 Ransome, Arthur M., 213 Rasputin, Grigory E., 13, 33, 39nl 1, 40, 42, 56, 69 Reck (Speech), kadet newspaper, 75 Red Army, 112, 197-98, 210, 246, 254, 268, 269, 277 Red Guard, 152, 154, 155, 158, 170, 203, 245, 246 Reed, John, 140, 141, 142 Relief Corps. See Second Division Rennick, Henry L, 257 Repin, Bya E., 100 Riggs, E. Francis, xiii, 17, 46n34, 63, 81nl9, 99, 110,215, 224, 254, 255, 256 Riis, Sergius M., 250 Robins, Raymond, xi, xxiiin70, xxiv, xxvi, 147ո4, 176, 179, 254, 256, 257, 266, 269 Rodzianko, Mikhail V, 43, 55, 58nl4, 60, 64, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 85, 109, 238 Romania, xxvi, 32n3, 37, 39, 93, 189, 283, 290 Romanian legation, xxvi, 188, 190, 191 Romanian minister. See Diamandy, Count Romanovs’ dynasty, 46, 63, 69, 76 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 227 Root, Elihu, xxii, xxiii, 105, 108, 109 Root Mission (Special Diplomatic Mission of the United
States to Russia), xxii, xxiii, 54ո4, 54ո5, 105, 108-09, 135ո9, 147, 245 Rosen, Roman R., xvii, 75, 88 Roshal, Semen G., 152, 153nl6 “round robin,” 42 Ruggles, James A., 224 Ruhl, Arthur, xi, xii Russell, Charles Edward, 108, 109 Russia, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 50, 51, 53, 56, 64, 65, 68, 77, 78, 81, 83, 84, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 119, 122, 123, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 156, 158, 159, 163, 167, 177, 178, 179, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 208, 209, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 238, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253-59, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 271, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285-87, 288, 289, 290, 291 Russian ambassador at Washington. See Bakhmetiev, Boris A.; Rosen, Roman R. Russian-American Chamber of Commerce, xvii, 79nl3 Russian-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1 ln25 Russian army, 10nl6, 23, 24, 25n4, 27, 28, 32, 39, 56, 77, 78, 80, 88n7, 97, 98, 99, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 113, 119, 120, 137, 156, 162, 178, 191, 194, 195, 237, 277, 280, 284, 289 Russian Bank for Foreign Trade, 39 Russian Bureau in the Department of State (Division of Russian Affairs), 5n7, 54n4, 231,271 Russian Daily Mews, The, Petrograd Englishlanguage newspaper, 143 Russian New Year’s Day, 43, 44, 187
Index Russian Purchasing Committee in America, 10, 89nl 1 Russian Revolution of 1905, 11 n21, 14n32, 33n5, 36, 76nl 1,89nl2 Russkoe Slovo (Russian Word), Moscow newspaper, 174 Russo-American Society (Society for Promoting Mutual Friendly Relations between Russia and America), xvii, 75, 95n23 Russo-Japanese Agreement, 31 Russo-Japanese War, 9, 15, 16n41, 17n47, 58, 75n8, 135n9, 279 Ryan, John L., xiii, 17 Samara, 195, 235, 236, 237 Sands, William F., xiv, xxv, 8n5, 46n34, 81nl9 Sante, Karin, 257n7 Savinkov, Boris V, 120, 131 Sayler, Oliver M., xxvii Sazonov, Sergei D., xix, 11, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25,27,31 Scott, Hugh L., 108, 109 Second Division, xiv, xv, 8n4, 8n5, 13, 53, 54, 55 secret treaties, 32, 77, 103, 149, 158 secretary of state. See Hughes, Charles E.; Lansing, Robert secretary of the embassy. See Armour, Norman; Bailey, James G.; Dealing, Fred M.; Phelps, Livingston; Ryan, John L.; Sterling, Frederick A.; White, John C.; Whitehouse, Sheldon Serbia, 48, 93, 104 Serbian minister (Miroslav Spalajković), 48, 188 Sergievskaya Street, 8n4, 14n34, 50nl3, 53, 56n9, 58, 60 Sevastopol, 106 Shatov, Vladimir S., 140nl8, 141 Shidlovsky, Sergei L, 63 Shingarev, Andrei L, 75n7, 163, 174 Shpalernaya Street, 58nl6 Shulgin, Vasily V, 75n7, 163, 174 Shuvaev, Dmitry S., 39nl2 Siamese minister (Visan Botchanakan), 48, 49, 50 Siberia, xix, 236, 242, 243, 258, 259, 271 305 Siberian Government, 61n24, 242, 258 Simmons, Roger E., 241 Simms, William S., 247n42 Simons, George A., xvii Sisson, Edgar, xxiii, xxv Skobelev, Matvey L, 121nl0, 155, 156 Smith, M. McAllister, xvii, 75n7 Smith,
Mercedes Lee (Mrs. McAllister Smith), 125 Smolny Institute (Imperial Educational Society of Noble Maidens), xvi, 61n24, 115, 154, 157, 173, 176, 179, 187, 189, 190 Social Democrats (members of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party), 121. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks Socialist Party of America, 142, 289 Socialists Revolutionaries (Party of SocialistsRevolutionaries; SRs), 10nl9, 10n20, 71n43, 85, 88, 121, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 210. See also Left Socialists Revolutionaries; Maximalists. Solovetsky Monastery, 230 South African War (Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902), 80 Spanish ambassador (Marquis Luis Valera y Delavat de Villásinda), 45, 87 special assistant to the ambassador. See Miles, Basil; Peirce, Herbert H. D.; Poole, DeWitt C., Jr.; Sands, William F. Stackelberg, Gustav E., 58 Startsev, Nikolai A., 233nl5, 234 State Department, xii, xiii, xxiii, xxv, 4, 5, 6, 12,47,49, 72, 80, 110, 111, 159, 177, 178, 198, 201, 223, 228, 231, 238, 244, 247, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 264, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 283, 288, 290 State Duma, xx, xxi, 25, 27, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 69, 72, 73. See abo Provisional Committee of the State Duma; Rodzianko, Mikhail V Steklov, Yuri M., 165 St. George Cavaliers, 67, 129 St. Isaac’s Cathedral, 34, 278 St. Louis World’s Fair, x, xi, 26n6 Stepanov, Alexander P., 236n22 Sterling, Frederick A., xiii, 16, 43
306 Index Stevens, John Е, xxii, xxiii, 98, 110, 111, 157, 254 Stevens, Walter В., 6 Stewart, George E., 5, 228, 229, 231 Stockholm, 7, 23, 24, 33, 101, 201, 246, 247, 248, 266, 270 Stockholm Conference, 141, 142 Stone, William J., 4, 50 Stowe, Lyman Beecher, 6 Straits, 32n3, 93. See also Constantinople; Dardanelles Stürmer, Baroness, 13, 38 Stürmer, Boris V., ! t, !2, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 36, 37, 38, 59, 76 Sukhomlinov, Vladimir A., 10, 59 Sukhomlinova, Ekaterina V, 10 Summers, Maddin, 56, 63, 96, 129, 157, 159, 179, 195, 205, 254, 271 Supreme Administration of the Northern Region, 226n2, 227, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 244, 245 Sverdlov, Yakov M., 209nl7 Sweden, 48, 101, 110, 188, 203, 248 Swedish minister (Edvard Brändström), 48 Switzerland, 8, 96, 113, 194 Taurida Palace, xvi, 58, 59, 61, 85, 170 Tereshchenko, Elizaveta M., 100, 152, 153 Tereshchenko, Mikhail I., 89, 99, 100, 101, 104, 109, 119, 121, 122, 126, 129, 133, 134, 135, 137, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 248 Third International (Komintern), 284, 290 Thomas, Albert, 103 Thomas, Edward B., 74n3 Thompson, William B., xxiii, xxiv, 147ո4 Thornhill, Cudbert J. M., 235 Tobolsk, 245 Torneo, 188 Torretta, Marquis della, 169, 202, 227, 254, 274 Trans-Siberian Railroad, 94ո22, 110, 112, 202 Tredwell, Roger C., 176ո24 Trepov, Alexander E, 38, 43 Tretyakov, Pavel M., 79 Tretyakov Gallery, 79 Trotsky, Lev D., 61n24, 89, 90, 96, 97, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 122, 126, 132, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167, 168, 176, 177, 179, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 210, 211,
213, 225, 226, 244, 254, 267, 268, 270, 274, 275, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 290. See abo “no war, no peace” declaration Tsabel, Sergei A., 67, 68 Tsarskoe Selo, xiii, 13-14, 16, 41, 44, 60, 69, 71 Tsereteli, Irakli G., 118, 122, 126 Turkey, 32n3, 93, 100, 197, 271nl9, 285 Uchida, Baroness, 51, 52, 202 Uchida Kosai, 51, 52, 87, 124, 242 Ukraine, 93, 11ІПІ5, 209,210,215 Ukrainian question, 90nl5, 117 Union of Zemstvos (All-Russian Union of Zemstvos), 63n26, 77. See also Zemstvo United States, xviii, xx, xxii, xxix, З, 13, 15, 18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 46, 49, 50, 51, 75, 77, 81, 84, 91, 96, 104, 105, 136, 139, 142, 146, 147, 163, 172, 173, 179, 193, 194, 198, 199, 200, 204, 208, 256, 264, 267, 272, 281, 283, 284, 286, 288, 289 Uritsky, Moisei S., 170 US Military Mission, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, 59ո20, 194, 203, 224, 226 Vasilchikova, Mariya A., 69 Venigel, Wolff, 191 Verkhovsky, Alexander I., 137, 157 Versailles, Treaty of, xxxi Vetoshkin, Mikhail K., 217n29, 242n40 Vezey, Harry C., 143n27 Vladimirskoe Military School, 158 Vladivostok, xxvi, 94, 98, 108, 110, 111, 112, 148, 177, 202, 203, 242, 255, 267 “vodka edict” (“Dry Law”), 18 Voeikov, Vladimir N., 67, 68, 69, 70 Volodarsky, V, 146 Vologda, x, xviii, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 4, 5, 111, 112, 162, 202-23, 224, 230, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 265, 267, 269, 283, 289 Vologda City Duma, 204, 205, 224
Index Vologda mayor, 204, 205, 206 Vologodskii Listok (Vologda Sheet), local paper, 206nl2 von Bassewitz, Count, 209nl6, 210 von Bernstorff, Count, 49, 86 von Hindenburg, Paul, 106, 282 von Kühlmann, Baron, 205n9 von Ludendorff, Erich, 106, 282 von Mirbach, Count Wilhelm, xxviii, 179, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 255, 267 von Pistohlkors, Erich Gerhard, 41 von Schwarzenstein, Baron Mumm, 210 von Stoedten, Helmuth Lucius, 23, 24 von und zu Chudenitz, Count Czernin, 192nl1 Voskresensky Prospekt, 53 Voznesensky, Arseny N., 206nl3, 258n9 Vrásky, Stepan В., 164nl Viatka, 242 Wade, Festus J., 243 Warsaw railway station, 118 Washburn, Stanley, xi, 105nl0 West, Thomas H., 242 Western Union Telegraph Company, 29 Wheeler, Crawford, 249 White, Henry, 16n42, 262, 263 White, John C., xiii, 16 White, William Allen, 274 White Sea, 210, 230 Whitehouse, Sheldon, xiii, xvii, 46ո34, 59ո20, 63, 8ІПІ9, 150, 151 Wilhelm II, German Kaiser, xi, 8, 69 Williams, Albert Rhys, xxiv Williams, Charles T, 282 Williams, Walter, 138 Wilson, Charles S., xv Wilson, Woodrow, xi, xii, xix, xx, xxii, xxiii, xxx, xxxi, 47, 49, 50, 91, 92, 93, 108, 147, 156, 177, 208, 244, 252, 257, 260, 261, 266, 271, 276, 283, 286, 287, 288, 290 address in Alabama, 272 communication to the belligerents, 47 message to the Soviet Congress, 198, 199, 201 war address, 81, 83, 86, 146, 147 Wilson, Mrs., 260 Winship, North, xv, 14n34 307 Winter Palace, 13, 67n33, 108, 122, 126, 149, 150, 152, 158 Witte, Sergei Y, 9 Women’s Battalion, 152 World War, x, xi, xiii, xiv, xxviii, 27, 32ո3, 48, 77, 99, 103, 106, 127, 136, 156, 197, 208,
279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285֊87, 290, 291 Wrangel, Peter N., 290ո5, 291 Wright, Harriet Rodman (Mrs. Butler Wright), 125 Wright, J. Butler, xiii, xiv, xxiv, 44, 46ո34, 8ІПІ9 Yaroslavl , xxviii, 215 “Yellow Peril,” 32 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), xiv, xvii, xxvii, 8ո5, 108, 162, 247, 250. See also Mayak (Lighthouse) Society; Mott, John R.; Wheeler, Crawford Young, Hugh H., 261 Yusupov, Felix E, ІЗпЗО, 40, 41, 42 Yusupov Palace, 40, 41, 42 Zaikin, Bolshevik commissar, 218 Zalkind, Ivan A., xxvin89, 176n23, 177, 189 Zemstvo, 77nl2, 234, 236. See also Union of Zemstvos Zinoviev, Grigory E., 199, 278, 290 Zubov, Pavel Y, 206nl0, 238, 239, 240 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents Vladimir V. Noskov Editor’s Introduction . ix Russia from the American Embassy Introduction. 3 I. First Impressions . 7 II. German Influence in Russian Affairs . 22 III. Treason in High Places . 31 IV. Rumblings of Revolutions . 47 V. The March Revolutions. 53 VI. American Recognition of the Provisional Government. 72 VII. The Council of Workmen and Soldiers’ Deputies . 83 VIII. Significant Changes in the Ministry . 98 IX. The Diplomatic and Railway Commission. 108 X. The July Revolution 113
vi Contents XI. The Provisional Government and the Forces of Destruction . 120 XII. The Break Between Kerensky and Korniloff. 129 XIII. The Bolsheviks Overthrow the Government. 144 XIV. The Constituent Assembly Dispersed by Armed Bolsheviks . 164 XV. The Diamandi Incident. 187 XVI. The Brest-Litovsk Peace . 193 XVII. Vologda—The Diplomatic Capital . 202 XVIII. Archangel and the Northern Government . 224 XIX. Allied Policies in Russia. 253 XX. Bolshevism and the Peace Conference . 260 XXI. Bolshevism in Principle and in Practice. 277 XXII. Russia—The Chief Victim of the World War . 285 XXIII. Retrospect. 288 Index 295
Index Alaska, 285 Alexander III, 8n7, 90, 122 Alexandrinsky Theater, 142-143 Aleksandrov, Aleksei А., 204ո4 Alexandrov, delegate of the Ukrainian Peasants’ Congress, 209, 210 Alexandrovsky Palace, xiii, 15n37, 71 Alekseev, Mikhail V, 119, 136, 137, 236 Aleksei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich, 13n30, 20, 60, 62, 63, 65, 70,71 All-Cossacks Congress, 129 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Peasants’ Deputies, 122 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, First, 73n2, 129 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, Second, 153nl7, 158, 168, 193 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Soldiers’, and Peasants’ Deputies, Third, 170nll All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, Soldiers’, and Cossacks’ Deputies, Extraordinary Fourth, 11 lnl5, 194n3, 195, 198, 199 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, Red Army, and Cossacks’ Deputies, Fifth, 209, 210 All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, Cossacks’, and Red Army Deputies, Extraordinary Sixth, 266nl3 Allies, xviii, xx, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, xxxi, 12, 18, 22, 23, 29, 31, 35, 37, 38, 49, 51, 69, 76, 77, 82, 91,92, 93, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 116, 132, 133, 134, 135, 145, 149, 156, 158, 163, 169, 175, 187, 193, 195, 197, 201, 203, 206, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 252, 253-59, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 274, 276, 279, 281, 282, 283 American ambassador at Tokyo (Roland S. Morris), 255 American Bolsheviks, 143
American colony in Petrograd, xvi, xvii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 14, 109, 136, 156 American Commission. See Root Mission American consul at Chita. SeeJenkins, Douglas American consul at Flarbin. See Moser, Charles K. American consul at Irkutsk. See Macgowan, David B. American consul at Odessa (John A. Ray), 177 American consul at Samara. See Nielsen, Örsen N. American consul at Vladivostok (John K. Caldwell), 177, 255 American consulate at Ekaterinburg, 245 American consulate general at Moscow. See Lehrs, John A.; Macgowan, David B.; Poole, DeWitt C., Jr.; Summers, Maddin; Thomas, Edward B. American consulate general at Petrograd. See Tredwell, Roger C.; Vezey, Flarry C.; Winship, North American embassy at Arkhangelsk, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 247, 269 American embassy at Petrograd, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xix, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 7, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 66, 72, 74, 77, 87, 88, 90, 91, 100, 107, 109, 115, 125, 126, 136, 137, 138, 140, 143, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176,
296 Index 187, 188, 189, 193, 198, 200, 202, 226, 257, 260 American embassy at Vologda, xxviii, 203, 204, 205, 207, 212, 213, 215, 218, 246, 247, 254, 256, 257 American Expeditionary Forces in northern Russia, 5n6, 228, 231, 242, 251 American Federation of Fabor, 84, 108, 199, 289 American hospital in Petrograd, xvii, 14ո34, 56ո9 American Methodist Episcopal Chapel, xvii American minister at Stockholm. See Morris, Ira N. American Peace Commission at Paris, 15n36, 262n7, 264, 266, 269, 272 American Press Bureau in Russia, xxiii, 160n35 American Red Cross Mission to north Russia, 282 American Red Cross Mission to Romania, 147, 282n3 American Red Cross Mission to Russia, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, 147, 161, 162, 176-77, 179. See ako Robins, Raymond; Thompson, William B. American Refuge for Refugee Women and Children from the War Zone, xvii, 14 American-Russian Chamber of Commerce, 22nl anarchists, 87, 96, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 198, 270. See ako “drunken sailor”; Shatov, Vladimir S. Andreev, Nikolai A., 21 ln22 Anglo-Soviet commercial agreement, 275, 284 Arctic Ocean, 245 Arkhangelsk, x, xviii, xxvi, xxviii, 5, 6, 101, 111, 174, 206, 207, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224-52, 255, 259, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 286, 289 Armenians, 93 Armistice, European, xxviii, 3, 248, 250, 260, 262, 279, 281,282,285,289 Armistice, German-Russian, 111, 193, 195 Armour, Norman, xiii, 46n34, 81nl9, 246, 247 Artzimovich, Vladimir A., xvii Asquith, Herbert H., 92, 260 Assodateti Press, The, 140, 201, 257. See also Macgowan, David B.; Rennick, Henry L.
attachés on special mission. See Miles, Basil; Sands, William E Aurora, Russian cruiser, 152 Austria (Austria-Hungary), 18, 86, 93, 105, 197, 248, 258, 285 Austrian prisoners, xix, 7, 8n5, 257 Austrian-Hungarian embassy, 8, 53, 54, 55, 57 Avksentev, Nikolai D., 121nl0, 155, 171, 236 Azef, Evno F, 10 Azov-Don Commercial Bank, 39 Bailey,James G., xiii, 54, 81nl9 Baker, Henry, xiii, 14n34, 17, 75n7 Baker, Newton D., Jr., 264 Bakhmetiev, Boris A., 89 Balfour, Arthur J., 275 Baltic railway station, 60 Bark, Peter L., 29 Belgian minister, 49 Belgium, 23, 104, 105, 106, 279, 280, 285 Belosselsky-Belozersky, Prince, 59 Belosselsky-Belozersky, Princess (née Susan Tucker Whittier), xvii, 59 Berg, American trader, 249 Berkman, Alexander, 139, 140, 141, 172, 173, 176, 177 Bernatsky, Mikhail V, 75n7, 121 Bertron, Samuel R., Jr., 108, 109 Bierer, Bion B„ 227, 247 Birzhevye Vedomosti (Stock Exchange News), business newspaper, 116, 118 Björkö, Treaty of, 9 Black Sea Fleet, 93, 109 Bliss, Tasker H., 262, 263 “Bloody Sunday,” 10-11 Blumkin, Yakov G., 21 ln22 Bobrinsky, Aleksei A., 43 Bolshevik Revolution. See October Revoludon Bolsheviks, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 20ո54, 27, 73, 74, 107, 111, 116, 119, 121, 122, 125, 131, 132, 135, 141, 142, 143, 144-63, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174, 177, 178, 179, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193, 195, 198, 199, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 216, 217, 224, 225, 226, 229, 230, 237, 238,
Index 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 264, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 275, 277, 285, 289, 290 Bolshevism, xxviii, xxx, 3, 6, 30, 132, 172, 178, 199, 201, 213, 256, 260-76, 277֊84, 285, 286, 289, 290, 291 “Bourse Gazette.” See Birzhevye Vedomosti Breckenridge, James C., xiii, 17, 46n34, 8ІПІ9 Brest-Litovsk peace negotiations, xxiv, xxvi, 176, 189, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 226, 277, 282 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, xxvii, 111, 192, 193-201, 208, 221, 226, 244, 255, 256, 257,267,269,270,271,290 Briand, Aristide, 92 British ambassador. See Buchanan, Sir George W. British commissioner to Russia. See Lindley, Francis O. British embassy, 45, 49, 81, 109, 134, 136, 202, 203, 241,244, 275 British military attaché (Sir Alfred Knox), 154 British socialists in Russia, 86 British-Slav legion (Slavo-British Allied Legion), 237, 251 Brooklyn, USS, 202 Brosoff, I. G., 191 Brusilov, Aleksei A., 25, 119 Bryant, Louise (Mrs. Jack Reed), 140n20, 141 Bryce, James, 27 Bublikov, Alexander A., 68 Buchanan, Lady Georgina, 125 Buchanan, Sir George W., xviii, xxi, xxv, 38, 44-45, 49, 78, 81, 94, 125, 133, 134, 135, 143, 156, 169ո6, 177, 187, 194, 244, 274 Buisseret Steenbecque de Blarenghien, 49 Bukowski, Peter L, 241 Bulgaria, 197 Bullard, Arthur, xxxiii, xxivn75, xxv, 160 Burevestnik (Stormy Petrel), anarchist newspaper, 174 Cantacuzène-Speransky, Princess (née Julia Dent Grant), xvii Carlton, Newcomb W., 29 Carlotti di Riparbella, Marquis Andrea, 38n8, 45, 49, 78,81, 125, 133, 134 297 Carnegie, Andrew, 173 Carr, Wilbur J., 271 Chaikovsky, Nikolai V, xxviii,
75n7, 155, 156, 226n2, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 251, 290 chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire. See Golitsyn, Prince Nikolai; Stürmer, Boris V; Trepov, Alexander F. Chaplin, Georgy E., 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 238 Chernov, Viktor M., 109n8, 118, 12In 10, 126, 171 Chicherin, Georgy V, 177, 198, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 225, 226, 258, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 290 China, 32, 48, 50, 108, 120, 136 Chinese legation, 50, 202 Chinese minister (Liu Tszinjen), 48, 50, 87 Chinese soldiers, 197, 277, 283 Chita, 195, 202 Chkheidze, Nikolai S., 61n24, 73, 84 Christensen, Thomas, 265 Circus Modern, 114, 139 Clemenceau, Georges, 263 Cleveland, Grover, x Club House (Vologda Society of Mutual Aid to Private Service Labor), 204, 205 commercial attaché. See Baker, Henry; Huntington, William C. commercial treaty, negotiations of, xviii, xix, 11, 12, 13, 18,31 Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly (KOMUCh), 235n20 Committee for the Salvation of the Motherland and the Revolution, 155n28 Committee on Public Information, xxiii communism, 291 Constantinople, 32n3, 77, 93, 94. See abo Straits Constituent Assembly (All-Russian Constituent Assembly), 75, 77, 78, 117, 132, 137, 144, 145, 146, 148, 154, 159, 164-79, 238, 239, 240, 260, 263. See abo Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly
298 Constitutional Democratic Party. See Kadets Consular Bureau, 271 Cooke, Hamilton, 27 Cooke, Henry Arthur, 244n36 Corse, Frederick M., xi, xvii Council of People’s Commissars, 4n2, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 188, 190, 193, 197 counselor of the embassy. See Dearing, Fred M.; Wright, J. Buder Cramm, Madida de, 125n20, 127 Crane, Charles R., xi, 108, 227 Cromie, Francis N. A., 275 Crosley, Pauline S., xxvin94, 124nl3 Crosley, Walter S.։ 116nl0, 124, 135 Czecho-Slovaks, xxvii, 8nl0, 93, 94n22, 112, 208, 257, 258, 265, 268, 270 Dan, Fyodor I., 153 Daniels, Josephus, 247 Danish minister (Harald Scavenius), 48 Dardanelles, 38, 94. See aho Straits Darling, William L., 110 Dean (Doyen) of the Diplomatic Corps, xxv, 133, 169, 187, 189, 194, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222, 232, 244, 260, 267 Dearing, Fred M., xiii, 12, 15, 16, 19 Declaration of War Aims of the Provisional Government, 91nl7, 93, 101, 103 Dedusenko, Yakov T., 233nl8, 234 “Defeatists,” 113, 197 Delo Naroda (People’s Cause), Socialists Revolutionaries’ newspaper, 170 Democratic Conference (All-Russian Democratic Conference), 137, 145 “Democratic débauche,” xii Denikin, Anton I., 290n4, 291 “Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,” 252 Devine, Edward T., xiv, 8n5 Diamandy, Count, xxvi, 125, 187, 188, 189 Diamandy Incident, 187-92 Dillon, Emile Joseph, 20 “Diplomatic Capital of Russia,” xxvii, xxviii, 202, 204 Diplomatic Corps, xxv, xxviii, xxx, 44, 46, 47, 48, 78, 133, 169, 187, 189, 190, 194, 206, 212, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 232, 235, 244, 248, 253, 260, 267, 268 Index Dmitry Pavlovich, Grand Duke,
13n30, 41, 42 Donetzk railroads, 111 Donop, French colonel, 230, 236 “drunken sailor” (Anatoly G. Zheleznyakov), 171 Duncan, James, 108, 109 Durov, Boris A., 233nl7, 236, 239, 240 Dutch minister (Arthur-Marin-Désiré Sweerts de Landas Wyborgh), 48 Dvina River, 224, 225, 230, 240, 242 “dvornick,” 56, 57, 175 Dvortsovaya Embankment, 26n5, 134n8 Dzerzhinsky, Felix E., 21 ln23 Economic Conference of the Allies, 12, 26, 33 Edward VII, King of Great Britain, xi Ekaterinburg, 8nl0, 245, 246 Ekaterininsky Palace, 44n29 Eliava, Shalva Z., 204n6 Emerson, George H., Ill, 112, 148, 254 Emperor’s Station, 16, 44, 46 Empress (Alexandra Fyodorovna), 9, 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43, 56, 60, 65, 67, 69, 70,71 Empress Dowager (Maria Fyodorovna), 8, 10, 21,42, 70 England, xxviii, 15, 23, 26, 27, 29, 49, 127, 163, 179, 195, 227, 237, 243, 249, 250, 251, 261, 263, 269, 274, 279, 282, 283, 284, 285, 290 Entente. See Allies Estonia, 197 Extraordinary Commission against counter revolution (All-Russian Emergency Commission for Combating CounterRevolution and Sabotage (CheKa), 270. See also Blumkin, Yakov G.; Dzerzhinsky, Felix E.; Kedrov, Mikhail S.; Peters, Yakov K.; Uritsky, Moisei S. Extraordinary Revolutionary Staff, xxviii, 217, 220, 246 February Revolution. See March Revolution Finland, 22, 105, 178, 179, 202, 203. See abo Helsingfors; Torneo Finland railway station, 7, 188 “Ford,” 57, 159
Index Fourth of July reception, xvii, xxviii, 109, 206, 207, 209 France, 9, 23, 26, 27, 102, 104, 105, 106, 113, 178, 179, 195, 207, 208, 243, 248, 249, 250, 252, 259, 263, 269, 274, 279, 280, 283, 285, 290 Francis’s reception by the emperor and empress, xiii, 13, 15-19, 45 Francis, Charles, 203, 245 Francis, David R.,Jr., 96, 122 Francis, Jane (née Jane Perry), x, xivnl7, xviin35, 44, 159 Francis, Perry, 11, 91, 98, 106, 135, 143, 149, 159, 262 Francis, Sidney, 228 Francis, Taiton, 258 Francis, Thomas, 257 Frantsuskaya Embankment, 51nl5, 57nl3 Fraser, Lovat G., 279 Frederiks, Count Vladimir В,, 67, 70 French ambassador. See Noulens, Joseph; Paléologue, Maurice French embassy, 57, 81, 109, 202, 203, 255, 267 French military attaché Jean Guillaume Lavergne), 154 French socialists in Russia, 86 Frick, Henry C., 173 Furshtatskaya Street, xv, 12n27, 14, 51, 53, 54, 72nl, 138 Galabutsky, Ivan R, 204n5 Gapon, Georgy A., 10 Gardner, Frederick D., 4, 5 Gaylord, Franklin A., xvii, 14n34, 162n36 George V, King of Great Britain, 20, 260, 261,282 George Washington, steamer, 262, 263, 286, 289 German embassy at Petrograd, 8, 24 German legation at Moscow, 209, 212, 213, 217,267, 270 German officers in Petrograd, 201 German prisoners, xix, 7, 8n5 German propaganda, 156 German-Russian commercial treaty (additional convention to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Russia and Germany), 9, 15, 279 German-Russian supplementary treaties, 270 299 Germany, xx, xxii, xxv, xxviii, 9, 15, 18, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, ЗО, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 49, 50, 76, 82, 86, 92, 93, 96, 102, 105, 106, 113,
114, 120, 123, 127, 146, 147, 156, 179, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 203, 207, 208, 209, 210, 213, 214, 221, 228, 243, 245, 248, 249, 252, 255, 256, 257, 259, 264, 269, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 289 declaration of war, 8, 14, 31 Gibbs, George, 110 Glasberg, Valentin N., 121 Glennon, James H., 101n6, 108, 109 Goldman, Emma, 139, 176, 177 Golitsyn, Prince, 43 Gompers, Samuel, 84, 199, 285, 289 Gorky, Maxim, 149 Gortalov, Sergei E, 241n32 Grabbe, Michael N., xv, 12n27 Grant, Ulysses S., US president, xvii Grayson, Cary T, 261, 262 “great rally,” 95 Greek (Orthodox) Church, 278 Greiner, John E., 110 Grekov, Konstantin E, 67, 68 Grey, Sir Edward, 92 Grigorovich, Ivan K., 59 Groves, Philip, 257 Grudistov, Nikolai V, 239n28 Guaranty Trust Company of New York, xvii Guchkov, Alexander I., 70, 78, 79, 81, 88, 91nl7, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 165 Guchkov, Nikolai I., 79nl3 Gukovsky, Alexander I., 238n26, 239, 240 Gulkevich, Konstantin N., 248n45 Hague, The, 247 Halifax, 114 Hapgood, Isabel E, 245 Harbin, 112, 120, 136, 143n27, 254 Harding, Warren G., 288 Harper, Samuel N., xi, xii, xiii, xx, xxiv, xxv, xxvi Harte, Archibald C., xiv, 162ո36 Haywood, William D., 289 Helsingfors, 172, 173, 174, 178, 203. See abo Finland Hillquit, Morris, 141, 142 Hitchcock, Gilbert M,, 264, 265
зоо Index Hoffman, Max, 190ո7, 191, 192, 196, 289 Holbrook, Frederick, 115 Holy Synod (Most Holy Governing Synod), 131,278.See also Lvov, Vladimir N. Hôtel Astoria, 125 Hôtel de France, 55 House, Edward M., xxv, 262, 263 Hughes, Charles E., 288 Hungary, 93 Huntington, William C., xiii, xiv, хху 46ո34, 8ІПІ9, 174ո22, 175 Hurd, Eugene, 27 Huysmans, Camille, 141, 141 Ignatiev, Pavel N., 43n22 Ignatiev, Vladimir I., 233nl6 Industrial Workers of the World (IWWs), 289 International Bank of Commerce (St. Petersburg International Commercial Bank), 39 International Socialist Bureau, 142 Ioffe, Adolf A., 190n5, 191 Irkutsk, 195, 202, 255 Ironside, W. Edmund, 250n49, 251 Italian ambassador. See Carlotti di Riparbella, Marquis Andrea; Torretta, Marquis Pietro della Italian embassy, 57, 81, 109, 175, 202, 203, 267 Italy, 32n3, 93, 195, 252, 274, 283 Ivanov, Aleksei A., 234nl9, 238, 239 Ivanov, Nikolai I., 68n38 Izvestiia (News), Soviet newspaper, 166, 281 Japan, 9, 23, 31, 32, 86, 111, 242, 244, 255, 259 Japanese ambassador. See Motono Ichiro; Uchida Kosai Japanese chargé d’affaires (Marumo Naotosi), 45 Japanese embassy 45, 46, 51nl5, 202 Japanese intervention, 254, 255 Jenkins, Douglas, 195 Johnston, Earl M., 56, 60, 61, 74, 77, 173, 175, 176,213, 260, 261,262 Jones, American captain, 261 Jones, Breckinridge, 26, 244 Jordan, Philip, xii, xv, 7, 61, 87, 159, 175, 262 Judson, William V, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 105nl0, 135ո9, 154, 155, 175, 224 Jugo-Slavs, 208 July Crisis (July Revolution), 90, 109, 113-19, 121, 162, 163, 167, 278 junkers (cadets), 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160 Jusserand, Jean
Jules, 204 kadets (Constitutional Democrats), 3nl, 34n6, 75nl0, 76, 117, 121, 142, 143, 168 Kaledin, Aleksei M., 74 Kamkov, Boris D., 211ո21 Kandalaksha, 225, 226, 227, 228, 232, 241, 268 Karakhan, Lev M., 201, 270 Karelin, Vladimir A., 210 Kazan Cathedral, 34, 87, 278 Kedrov, Mikhail S., 206nl 1, 224, 246, 247 Kern, 232 Kerensky Alexander E, 3nl, 71, 76, 77, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 99, 100, 101, 104, 106, 107, 109, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129-43, 144, 146, 150, 151, 152, 157, 162, 163, 167, 168, 171, 248, 277 Kerth, Monroe C., 194 Khvostov, Alexander A., 29n 11 Kiev, 10, 42, 62, 70n42 Kirochnaya Street, 60n21, 116 Knight, Austin M., 202 Kokoshkin, Fyodor E, 12ІПІ0, 174 Kolchak, Alexander V, 101, 248, 290, 291 Kollontai, Alexandra M., 157 Korf, Pavel P., 15, 17, 19 Kornilov Affair, 88n7, 129-43, 144, 151, 162, 248 Kornilov, Lavr G., 66ո28, 88, 119, 120, 122, 123, 129-37, 162, 277 Kotlas, 230, 242 Kovanko, Lev E., 151 Krasin, Leonid В., 275 Krasnov, Peter N., 151 Kronstadt, 107, 115, 140, 152, 153 “Kronstadt Republic,” 107, 152 Krylov, S., 173 Kseshinskaya, Matilda E, 20, 114 Kseshinskaya’s mansion, 20, 114 Kudasheva, Princess (Myra Armour), 247n41 Kudryavy Viktor A., 205n9 Kutzy, K., 173
Index Lansing, Robert, xvi, xixn 14, ххп51, ххп54, xxi, ххііпбв, ххііпбЭ, xxv, xxvii, 5, 6, 22, 28,37,49, 153,261,262, 263 Larin, Yu, 270 Lazimir, Pavel E., 191n9 League of Nations, 271, 276, 286, 287, 291 Lebedev, Vladimir L, 120 Lee, William H., 99 Left Socialists Revolutionaries, xxviii, 85ոՅ, 169, 171, 209, 210, 211. Äse aho Socialists Revolutionaries Lehrs, John A., 221, 222 Lenin, Vladimir L, x, xxvi, 4, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 121, 126, 132, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 176, 177, 179, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 213, 225, 244, 256, 266, 267, 274, 275, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 289, 290 Lenin’s brother (Alexander I. Ulyanov), 90 Leopold II, King of Belgium, xi Lettish soldiers (Latvian riflemen), 169, 170, 197, 246, 277, 283 Lindley, Francis O., 202, 215, 216, 225, 227, 234, 237, 238, 244, 258, 275 Liteiny Bridge, 115, 116 Liteiny Prospekt, 14n35, 53, 54, 58, 60, 115, 174n21 Litvinov, Maxim M., 266nl4 Livadia, 68, 69 Lloyd George, David, 260, 263, 271, 273, 283 Lockhart, Bruce, 241, 255, 256 London, 3, 5, 6, 101, 177, 247, 249, 260, 261, 264, 266, 283, 289 Long, Breckinridge, 231 Looga Workers’ and Soldiers’ Council, 170 Lorraine, 23, 102 Loubet, Emile, xi Lukomsky, Alexander S., 136 Lvov, Georgy E., 3nl, 63, 77, 80, 81, 90nl5, 104, 116, 118, 119, 131, 164, 166 Lvov, Vladimir N., 131, 132 Macgowan, David B., 75n7, 160, 195, 255n2 Manchester Guardian, The, 213 March, Peyton C., 231 ЗОЇ March Revolution (February Revolution), x, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxx, 20, 51, 53-71, 126, 146,
194, 209, 278 Mariinsky Palace, 80, 95 Mariinsky Theatre, 88 Marines, xiii, 176, 207nl4, 227, 228 Martin, Hugh S., 226, 249, 250 Martushin, Grigory A., 238n24, 239, 240 Marye, George T, xi, xix, xxx, 14n34 Mason, Frederick, 217, 218 Маха, Prokop, 265 Maximalists (members of the Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists), 171, 209 Majak (Lighthouse) Society, xvii, 162n36. See also Young Men’s Christian Association McCormick, Cyrus H.,Jr., 108n7 McCully, Newton A., xiii, xxviii, 17, 46ո34, 55, 81nl9, 247, 282 McGrath, British captain, 215, 216 McRoberts, Samuel, xvi, 22 Mensheviks, 121n6, 153, 171 Mensheviks-Internationalists, 153, 196, 209 Meserve, H. Fessenden, xvi, 14n34 Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 61, 63, 65, 69, 70, 166, 234 Miles, Basil, xiv, xxv, 8n5, 46n34, 54, 55, 64, 81nl9, 105nl0, 231 military attaché. eJudson, William V; Riggs, E. Francis; Ruggles, James A. Military Revolutionary Committee, 146, 149, 154, 155 Miller, Henry, 110, 111 Milyukov, Pavel N., xxi, 34, 37, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 104, 109, 124, 126, 127, 130, 168, 238 Milyukov note, 9ІПІ7, 93, 94 minister of agriculture. See Bobrinsky, Aleksei A.; Chernov, Viktor M. minister of commerce and industry (Alexander I. Konovalov), 95n25 minister of finance. See Bark, Peter L.; Bernatsky, Mikhail V; Nekrasov, Nikolai V; Tereshchenko, Mikhail L; Witte, Sergei Y minister of foreign affairs. See Milyukov, Pavel N.; Pokrovsky, Nikolai N.; Sazonov, Sergei
302 Index D.; Stürmer, Boris V; Tereshchenko, Mikhail I. minister of the Imperial Court and Household. See Frederiks, Count Vladimir B. minister of internal affairs. See Khvostov, Alexander A.; Protopopov, Alexander D.; Stürmer, Boris V; Tsereteli, Irakli G. minister of justice. See Kerensky, Alexander F. minister of navy. See Grigorovich, Ivan K. minister of people’s education. See Ignatiev, Pavel N. minister of posts and telegraphs. See Tsereteli, Irakli G. minister of war. See Shuvaev, Dmitry S.; Sukhomlinov, Vladimir A.; Verkhovsky, Alexander I. minister of war and navy. See Guchkov, Alexander I.; Kerensky, Alexander F. minister of ways of communication. See Nekrasov, Nikolai V; Trepov, Alexander F. minister president of the Provisional Government. See Kerensky, Alexander F.; Lvov, Georgy E. Mississippi Valley Trust Company, 26 Mogilev, 69, 70 Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 146n2 Mooney, Thomas J., 87, 90, 176, 177 Morris, Ira N., 156n30, 201 Morskaya Street, 39nl4, 39nl5, 55n7, 57nl2, 125nl5, 157 Moscow, xxvi, xxviii, 5ո7, 44, 56, 62, 63, 79, 96, 97, 109, 111, 129, 130, 137, 156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 177, 179, 194, 195, 198, 200, 202, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 239, 241, 242, 243, 246, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 289, 290 Moscow Political Conference, 129n2, 130 Moser, Charles K., 120, 136 Motono Ichiro, 31, 255 Mott, John R., xi, 108, 109 Muraviev, Mikhail A., 154 Murmansk, xxvii, 111, 163, 207, 216, 226, 227, 228, 241, 243, 249, 250, 251, 255 Musin-Pushkin, Vladimir
A., 16n40 Narodny Dorn (People’s House), 123 Naryshkina, Elizaveta A., 15 National City Bank of New York, Petrograd Branch, xvi, xvii, xxvii, 14ո34, 22, 26, 247 National Socialists (members of the Labor People-Socialist Party), 121 naval attaché. See Crosley, Walter S.; McCully, Newton A.; Riis, Sergius M. Nekrasov, Nikolai V, 89, 95, 118, 120, 121, 126 Neva, 13, 20,41,51,55, 59, 114, 115, 152 Nevsky Prospekt, 39nl3, 58, 75n7, 80, 87, 95n24, 96, 143, 162n36 New York Call, 142 New York City, 6n8, 68n36, 75n8, 108, 109n8, 114, 118nl4, 120n3, 140, 153nl9, 155, 156n29, 201, 263, 287 New York Life Insurance Company, xvii, 27n8 Nicholas II, x, 8, 14n32, 17, 20, 21, 23, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 56, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70,71,79, 245, 246 Nichols, J. Brooks, 228, 229 Nielsen, Örsen N., 195 Nikolayevsky railway station, 67 Nikolaevskoe Cavalry School, 155 Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke, 10, 55, 56 Nilov, Konstantin D., 67, 68 “no war, no peace” declaration, I96n7, 197, 277 Nolde, Baroness, 74 Nolde, Boris E., 74 Northern Government. See Provisional Government of the Northern Region; Supreme Administration of the Northern Region Norway, 48, 101, 163, 203, 248 Norwegian attaché. See Christensen, Thomas Norwegian legation, 8n5, 50, 265 Norwegian minister. See Prebensen, Nikolai Nostitz, Countess (née Lilie Bouton), xvii, xix, xx, 56, 59 Nostitz, Grigory L, 56n9, 59 Noulens, Joseph, 133, 134, 188, 202, 227, 236, 237, 238, 254, 258 Novocherkassk, 74n4 Novoe Vremia (New Times), Petrograd newspaper, 118, 170
Index Ob River, 237 October Revolution, x, xxiv, xxviii, 89nl2, 90, 101, 111, 112, 119, 159, 171,278, 282 Octobrist Party (Union of October 17), 33n4, 43n26, 63n25, 70n41, 79 Odessa, 106, 177, 210 Officers’ Assembly of the Army and Navy, 59-60 Olympia, USS, xxviii, 101, 227, 247, 251, 282 Omsk, 237 Order No. 1,80, 89,277 Overman Committee, xxix, 238n24, 289 Paléologue, Maurice, xviii, 38nl0, 45, 49, 78, 81 Pankhurst, Emmeline, 124, 125, 127 Paris Peace Conference, 3, 15n36, 87, 248n45, 260-76, 290 Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 41 “Peace Without Victory,” 47-49, 92, 93 Peirce, Herbert H. D., xiii, 16, 75n7 people’s commissar for foreign affairs. See Chicherin, Georgy V; Trotsky, Lev D. people’s commissar for war and navy. See Trotsky, Lev D. Perm, 202 Pershing, John J., 249, 262 Persia, 41nl8, 42, 266 Peter and Paul Fortress, 10, 34, 38, 59, 90, 101, 114, 151, 152, 163, 189 Peters, Yakov K., 278 Petrograd, x, xii, xiii, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xx, xxii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, xxxi, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 19, 22, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34, 39, 42, 44, 46, 51, 58, 61, 65, 67, 68, 73, 75, 79, 86, 90, 96, 98, 99, 101, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 149, 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 162, 169, 177, 188, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203, 210, 211, 216, 220, 224, 238, 243, 245, 247, 248, 257, 260, 261, 263, 267, 273, 274, 278, 283, 286, 290 Petrograd City Duma, 95, 154 Petrograd side, 114 Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, 61n24, 62-63, 64, 65, 66, 71n43, 73, 76, 79, 80, 81, 83-97, 98, 99, 303 100, 107, 114, 115,
116, 122, 131, 137, 139, 153, 154, 157, 158, 162, 165, 167 Petrograd telephone station, 157, 158 Pettus Leathe of St. Louis, 271 Petrov, P. M. (Bolshevik emigrant), 177 Phelps, Livingston, xiii, 46n34, 81nl9, 173, 188 Plekhanov, Georgy V, 113 Podvoisky, Nikolai L, 191n8 Pokrovsky, Nikolai N., xivnl4, 28, 47, 59 Poland, 22, 197, 117nl2 Polar Star, imperial yacht, 172 Polish soldiers, 155 Polk, Frank L., 15, 40, 264, 266 Polovtsev, Alexander A., 64 Poole, DeWitt C.,Jr., xxii, 5, 160, 23ІПІ2, 241, 249, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274 Poole, Frederick G, 215, 216, 226, 230, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 249, 250, 251 Pope (Benedict XV), 147n6 Popov, Stepan K., 222n32 posts and telegraphs, general administration, 29 Potemkinskaya Street, 50nl2 Pravda (Truth), Bolshevik newspaper, 189 Prebensen, Nikolai, 48n4, 50 Priest, Henry S., 132, 137 “Prinkipo Proposal,” 263, 271, 272, 273, 274, 283, 290 Proctor, Alex, 249 Protopopov, Alexander D., 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 56, 59, 62, 69, 76, 77 Provisional Committee of the State Duma, 34n6, 43n26, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68n36, 70n42, 71n43, 73, 78, 89nl0, 95n25, ІЗІпЗ Provisional Government, xviii, xxi, xxii, З, 28, 34ո6, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 72-82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120-28, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 152, 157, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173, 187, 196, 248, 278, 285 Provisional Government, second coalition, 3nl, 118, 120, 12ІПІ0
304 Index Provisional Government of the Northern Region, 226n2. See abo Supreme Administration of the Northern Region Pskov, 70, 79 Purishkevich, Vladimir M., 13n30, 39, 40, 41,42 Queen Dowager of Greece (Olga Konstantinovna), 42 Queen Mary of the United Kingdom, 260 Radek, Karl B, 196, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 220, 267, 269, 278, 290 Radical Democrats (members of the Russian Radical-Democratic Party), 121 Railroad Commission (Advisory Commission of Railway Experts to Russia), xxii, xxvii, 98, 109-12, 147, 148 Railway Union (All-Russian Executive Committee of the Railway Trade Union), 153 Rakovsky, Khristian G., 190n4, 210 Ramsay, Baroness (née Frances Sheldon Whitehouse), xvii, 59 Ramsay, Konstantin A., 59, 150, 151 Ransome, Arthur M., 213 Rasputin, Grigory E., 13, 33, 39nl 1, 40, 42, 56, 69 Reck ' (Speech), kadet newspaper, 75 Red Army, 112, 197-98, 210, 246, 254, 268, 269, 277 Red Guard, 152, 154, 155, 158, 170, 203, 245, 246 Reed, John, 140, 141, 142 Relief Corps. See Second Division Rennick, Henry L, 257 Repin, Bya E., 100 Riggs, E. Francis, xiii, 17, 46n34, 63, 81nl9, 99, 110,215, 224, 254, 255, 256 Riis, Sergius M., 250 Robins, Raymond, xi, xxiiin70, xxiv, xxvi, 147ո4, 176, 179, 254, 256, 257, 266, 269 Rodzianko, Mikhail V, 43, 55, 58nl4, 60, 64, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 85, 109, 238 Romania, xxvi, 32n3, 37, 39, 93, 189, 283, 290 Romanian legation, xxvi, 188, 190, 191 Romanian minister. See Diamandy, Count Romanovs’ dynasty, 46, 63, 69, 76 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 227 Root, Elihu, xxii, xxiii, 105, 108, 109 Root Mission (Special Diplomatic Mission of the United
States to Russia), xxii, xxiii, 54ո4, 54ո5, 105, 108-09, 135ո9, 147, 245 Rosen, Roman R., xvii, 75, 88 Roshal, Semen G., 152, 153nl6 “round robin,” 42 Ruggles, James A., 224 Ruhl, Arthur, xi, xii Russell, Charles Edward, 108, 109 Russia, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 50, 51, 53, 56, 64, 65, 68, 77, 78, 81, 83, 84, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 119, 122, 123, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 156, 158, 159, 163, 167, 177, 178, 179, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 208, 209, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 238, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253-59, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 271, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285-87, 288, 289, 290, 291 Russian ambassador at Washington. See Bakhmetiev, Boris A.; Rosen, Roman R. Russian-American Chamber of Commerce, xvii, 79nl3 Russian-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1 ln25 Russian army, 10nl6, 23, 24, 25n4, 27, 28, 32, 39, 56, 77, 78, 80, 88n7, 97, 98, 99, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 113, 119, 120, 137, 156, 162, 178, 191, 194, 195, 237, 277, 280, 284, 289 Russian Bank for Foreign Trade, 39 Russian Bureau in the Department of State (Division of Russian Affairs), 5n7, 54n4, 231,271 Russian Daily Mews, The, Petrograd Englishlanguage newspaper, 143 Russian New Year’s Day, 43, 44, 187
Index Russian Purchasing Committee in America, 10, 89nl 1 Russian Revolution of 1905, 11 n21, 14n32, 33n5, 36, 76nl 1,89nl2 Russkoe Slovo (Russian Word), Moscow newspaper, 174 Russo-American Society (Society for Promoting Mutual Friendly Relations between Russia and America), xvii, 75, 95n23 Russo-Japanese Agreement, 31 Russo-Japanese War, 9, 15, 16n41, 17n47, 58, 75n8, 135n9, 279 Ryan, John L., xiii, 17 Samara, 195, 235, 236, 237 Sands, William F., xiv, xxv, 8n5, 46n34, 81nl9 Sante, Karin, 257n7 Savinkov, Boris V, 120, 131 Sayler, Oliver M., xxvii Sazonov, Sergei D., xix, 11, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25,27,31 Scott, Hugh L., 108, 109 Second Division, xiv, xv, 8n4, 8n5, 13, 53, 54, 55 secret treaties, 32, 77, 103, 149, 158 secretary of state. See Hughes, Charles E.; Lansing, Robert secretary of the embassy. See Armour, Norman; Bailey, James G.; Dealing, Fred M.; Phelps, Livingston; Ryan, John L.; Sterling, Frederick A.; White, John C.; Whitehouse, Sheldon Serbia, 48, 93, 104 Serbian minister (Miroslav Spalajković), 48, 188 Sergievskaya Street, 8n4, 14n34, 50nl3, 53, 56n9, 58, 60 Sevastopol, 106 Shatov, Vladimir S., 140nl8, 141 Shidlovsky, Sergei L, 63 Shingarev, Andrei L, 75n7, 163, 174 Shpalernaya Street, 58nl6 Shulgin, Vasily V, 75n7, 163, 174 Shuvaev, Dmitry S., 39nl2 Siamese minister (Visan Botchanakan), 48, 49, 50 Siberia, xix, 236, 242, 243, 258, 259, 271 305 Siberian Government, 61n24, 242, 258 Simmons, Roger E., 241 Simms, William S., 247n42 Simons, George A., xvii Sisson, Edgar, xxiii, xxv Skobelev, Matvey L, 121nl0, 155, 156 Smith, M. McAllister, xvii, 75n7 Smith,
Mercedes Lee (Mrs. McAllister Smith), 125 Smolny Institute (Imperial Educational Society of Noble Maidens), xvi, 61n24, 115, 154, 157, 173, 176, 179, 187, 189, 190 Social Democrats (members of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party), 121. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks Socialist Party of America, 142, 289 Socialists Revolutionaries (Party of SocialistsRevolutionaries; SRs), 10nl9, 10n20, 71n43, 85, 88, 121, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 210. See also Left Socialists Revolutionaries; Maximalists. Solovetsky Monastery, 230 South African War (Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902), 80 Spanish ambassador (Marquis Luis Valera y Delavat de Villásinda), 45, 87 special assistant to the ambassador. See Miles, Basil; Peirce, Herbert H. D.; Poole, DeWitt C., Jr.; Sands, William F. Stackelberg, Gustav E., 58 Startsev, Nikolai A., 233nl5, 234 State Department, xii, xiii, xxiii, xxv, 4, 5, 6, 12,47,49, 72, 80, 110, 111, 159, 177, 178, 198, 201, 223, 228, 231, 238, 244, 247, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 264, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 283, 288, 290 State Duma, xx, xxi, 25, 27, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 69, 72, 73. See abo Provisional Committee of the State Duma; Rodzianko, Mikhail V Steklov, Yuri M., 165 St. George Cavaliers, 67, 129 St. Isaac’s Cathedral, 34, 278 St. Louis World’s Fair, x, xi, 26n6 Stepanov, Alexander P., 236n22 Sterling, Frederick A., xiii, 16, 43
306 Index Stevens, John Е, xxii, xxiii, 98, 110, 111, 157, 254 Stevens, Walter В., 6 Stewart, George E., 5, 228, 229, 231 Stockholm, 7, 23, 24, 33, 101, 201, 246, 247, 248, 266, 270 Stockholm Conference, 141, 142 Stone, William J., 4, 50 Stowe, Lyman Beecher, 6 Straits, 32n3, 93. See also Constantinople; Dardanelles Stürmer, Baroness, 13, 38 Stürmer, Boris V., ! t, !2, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 36, 37, 38, 59, 76 Sukhomlinov, Vladimir A., 10, 59 Sukhomlinova, Ekaterina V, 10 Summers, Maddin, 56, 63, 96, 129, 157, 159, 179, 195, 205, 254, 271 Supreme Administration of the Northern Region, 226n2, 227, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 244, 245 Sverdlov, Yakov M., 209nl7 Sweden, 48, 101, 110, 188, 203, 248 Swedish minister (Edvard Brändström), 48 Switzerland, 8, 96, 113, 194 Taurida Palace, xvi, 58, 59, 61, 85, 170 Tereshchenko, Elizaveta M., 100, 152, 153 Tereshchenko, Mikhail I., 89, 99, 100, 101, 104, 109, 119, 121, 122, 126, 129, 133, 134, 135, 137, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 248 Third International (Komintern), 284, 290 Thomas, Albert, 103 Thomas, Edward B., 74n3 Thompson, William B., xxiii, xxiv, 147ո4 Thornhill, Cudbert J. M., 235 Tobolsk, 245 Torneo, 188 Torretta, Marquis della, 169, 202, 227, 254, 274 Trans-Siberian Railroad, 94ո22, 110, 112, 202 Tredwell, Roger C., 176ո24 Trepov, Alexander E, 38, 43 Tretyakov, Pavel M., 79 Tretyakov Gallery, 79 Trotsky, Lev D., 61n24, 89, 90, 96, 97, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 122, 126, 132, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167, 168, 176, 177, 179, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 210, 211,
213, 225, 226, 244, 254, 267, 268, 270, 274, 275, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 290. See abo “no war, no peace” declaration Tsabel, Sergei A., 67, 68 Tsarskoe Selo, xiii, 13-14, 16, 41, 44, 60, 69, 71 Tsereteli, Irakli G., 118, 122, 126 Turkey, 32n3, 93, 100, 197, 271nl9, 285 Uchida, Baroness, 51, 52, 202 Uchida Kosai, 51, 52, 87, 124, 242 Ukraine, 93, 11ІПІ5, 209,210,215 Ukrainian question, 90nl5, 117 Union of Zemstvos (All-Russian Union of Zemstvos), 63n26, 77. See also Zemstvo United States, xviii, xx, xxii, xxix, З, 13, 15, 18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 46, 49, 50, 51, 75, 77, 81, 84, 91, 96, 104, 105, 136, 139, 142, 146, 147, 163, 172, 173, 179, 193, 194, 198, 199, 200, 204, 208, 256, 264, 267, 272, 281, 283, 284, 286, 288, 289 Uritsky, Moisei S., 170 US Military Mission, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, 59ո20, 194, 203, 224, 226 Vasilchikova, Mariya A., 69 Venigel, Wolff, 191 Verkhovsky, Alexander I., 137, 157 Versailles, Treaty of, xxxi Vetoshkin, Mikhail K., 217n29, 242n40 Vezey, Harry C., 143n27 Vladimirskoe Military School, 158 Vladivostok, xxvi, 94, 98, 108, 110, 111, 112, 148, 177, 202, 203, 242, 255, 267 “vodka edict” (“Dry Law”), 18 Voeikov, Vladimir N., 67, 68, 69, 70 Volodarsky, V, 146 Vologda, x, xviii, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 4, 5, 111, 112, 162, 202-23, 224, 230, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 265, 267, 269, 283, 289 Vologda City Duma, 204, 205, 224
Index Vologda mayor, 204, 205, 206 Vologodskii Listok (Vologda Sheet), local paper, 206nl2 von Bassewitz, Count, 209nl6, 210 von Bernstorff, Count, 49, 86 von Hindenburg, Paul, 106, 282 von Kühlmann, Baron, 205n9 von Ludendorff, Erich, 106, 282 von Mirbach, Count Wilhelm, xxviii, 179, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 255, 267 von Pistohlkors, Erich Gerhard, 41 von Schwarzenstein, Baron Mumm, 210 von Stoedten, Helmuth Lucius, 23, 24 von und zu Chudenitz, Count Czernin, 192nl1 Voskresensky Prospekt, 53 Voznesensky, Arseny N., 206nl3, 258n9 Vrásky, Stepan В., 164nl Viatka, 242 Wade, Festus J., 243 Warsaw railway station, 118 Washburn, Stanley, xi, 105nl0 West, Thomas H., 242 Western Union Telegraph Company, 29 Wheeler, Crawford, 249 White, Henry, 16n42, 262, 263 White, John C., xiii, 16 White, William Allen, 274 White Sea, 210, 230 Whitehouse, Sheldon, xiii, xvii, 46ո34, 59ո20, 63, 8ІПІ9, 150, 151 Wilhelm II, German Kaiser, xi, 8, 69 Williams, Albert Rhys, xxiv Williams, Charles T, 282 Williams, Walter, 138 Wilson, Charles S., xv Wilson, Woodrow, xi, xii, xix, xx, xxii, xxiii, xxx, xxxi, 47, 49, 50, 91, 92, 93, 108, 147, 156, 177, 208, 244, 252, 257, 260, 261, 266, 271, 276, 283, 286, 287, 288, 290 address in Alabama, 272 communication to the belligerents, 47 message to the Soviet Congress, 198, 199, 201 war address, 81, 83, 86, 146, 147 Wilson, Mrs., 260 Winship, North, xv, 14n34 307 Winter Palace, 13, 67n33, 108, 122, 126, 149, 150, 152, 158 Witte, Sergei Y, 9 Women’s Battalion, 152 World War, x, xi, xiii, xiv, xxviii, 27, 32ո3, 48, 77, 99, 103, 106, 127, 136, 156, 197, 208,
279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285֊87, 290, 291 Wrangel, Peter N., 290ո5, 291 Wright, Harriet Rodman (Mrs. Butler Wright), 125 Wright, J. Butler, xiii, xiv, xxiv, 44, 46ո34, 8ІПІ9 Yaroslavl', xxviii, 215 “Yellow Peril,” 32 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), xiv, xvii, xxvii, 8ո5, 108, 162, 247, 250. See also Mayak (Lighthouse) Society; Mott, John R.; Wheeler, Crawford Young, Hugh H., 261 Yusupov, Felix E, ІЗпЗО, 40, 41, 42 Yusupov Palace, 40, 41, 42 Zaikin, Bolshevik commissar, 218 Zalkind, Ivan A., xxvin89, 176n23, 177, 189 Zemstvo, 77nl2, 234, 236. See also Union of Zemstvos Zinoviev, Grigory E., 199, 278, 290 Zubov, Pavel Y, 206nl0, 238, 239, 240 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 |
| author2 | Noskov, Vladimir Vitalʹevič 1953- |
| author2_role | edt |
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| author_GND | (DE-588)121759970 (DE-588)1157941249 |
| author_facet | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 Noskov, Vladimir Vitalʹevič 1953- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 |
| author_variant | d r f dr drf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046629211 |
| contents | First Impressions -- German Influence in Russian Affairs -- Treason in High Places -- Rumblings of Revolutions -- The March Revolutions -- American Recognition of the Provisional Government -- The Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies -- Significant Changes in the Ministry -- The Diplomatic and Railway Commission -- The July Revolution -- The Provisional Government and the Forces of Destruction -- The Break Between Kerensky and Korniloff -- The Bolsheviks Overthrow the Government -- The Constituent Assembly Dispersed by Armed Bolsheviks -- The Diamandi Incident -- The Brest-Litovsk Peace -- Vologda-The Diplomatic Capital -- Archangel and the Northern Government -- Allied Policies in Russia -- Bolshevism and the Peace Conference -- Bolshevism in Principle and in Practice -- Russia-The Chief Victim of the World War -- Retrospect |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1155072045 (DE-599)BVBBV046629211 |
| era | Geschichte 1916-1918 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1916-1918 |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:10:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:49:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780893574635 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Slavica |
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| series | Americans in revolutionary Russia |
| series2 | Americans in revolutionary Russia |
| spelling | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 Verfasser (DE-588)121759970 aut Russia from the American Embassy David R. Francis ; edited and annotated by Vladimir V. Noskov Bloomington, Indiana Slavica [2019] © 2019 xxxii, 307 Seiten, 4 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Americans in revolutionary Russia vol. 11 First Impressions -- German Influence in Russian Affairs -- Treason in High Places -- Rumblings of Revolutions -- The March Revolutions -- American Recognition of the Provisional Government -- The Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies -- Significant Changes in the Ministry -- The Diplomatic and Railway Commission -- The July Revolution -- The Provisional Government and the Forces of Destruction -- The Break Between Kerensky and Korniloff -- The Bolsheviks Overthrow the Government -- The Constituent Assembly Dispersed by Armed Bolsheviks -- The Diamandi Incident -- The Brest-Litovsk Peace -- Vologda-The Diplomatic Capital -- Archangel and the Northern Government -- Allied Policies in Russia -- Bolshevism and the Peace Conference -- Bolshevism in Principle and in Practice -- Russia-The Chief Victim of the World War -- Retrospect "David R. Francis held the post of the United States ambassador to Russia from April 1916 to November 1918, and represented his country before four Russian governments: the Imperial, Provisional, Soviet, and Northern ones. He was an eyewitness of the greatest events in the history of Russia, and met prominent figures such as Nicholas II and Vladimir Lenin. His diplomatic experience was unique and had no parallel in the history of Russian-American relations."-- Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 (DE-588)121759970 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1916-1918 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd rswk-swf Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Francis, David R. / (David Rowland) / 1850-1927 Soviet Union / History / Revolution, 1917-1921 Communism / Soviet Union United States / Foreign relations / Soviet Union Soviet Union / Foreign relations / United States Ambassadors / Russia / Biography Ambassadors Communism Diplomatic relations Russia Soviet Union United States 1917-1921 Biographies History (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 (DE-588)121759970 p Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 s Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 s Geschichte 1916-1918 z DE-604 Noskov, Vladimir Vitalʹevič 1953- (DE-588)1157941249 edt Revision of Francis, David R. (David Rowland), 1850-1927 Russia from the American Embassy, 1916-1918 Americans in revolutionary Russia vol. 11 (DE-604)BV044487861 11 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032040783&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032040783&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 Russia from the American Embassy Americans in revolutionary Russia First Impressions -- German Influence in Russian Affairs -- Treason in High Places -- Rumblings of Revolutions -- The March Revolutions -- American Recognition of the Provisional Government -- The Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies -- Significant Changes in the Ministry -- The Diplomatic and Railway Commission -- The July Revolution -- The Provisional Government and the Forces of Destruction -- The Break Between Kerensky and Korniloff -- The Bolsheviks Overthrow the Government -- The Constituent Assembly Dispersed by Armed Bolsheviks -- The Diamandi Incident -- The Brest-Litovsk Peace -- Vologda-The Diplomatic Capital -- Archangel and the Northern Government -- Allied Policies in Russia -- Bolshevism and the Peace Conference -- Bolshevism in Principle and in Practice -- Russia-The Chief Victim of the World War -- Retrospect Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 (DE-588)121759970 gnd Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)121759970 (DE-588)4175047-0 (DE-588)4012402-2 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | Russia from the American Embassy |
| title_auth | Russia from the American Embassy |
| title_exact_search | Russia from the American Embassy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia from the American Embassy |
| title_full | Russia from the American Embassy David R. Francis ; edited and annotated by Vladimir V. Noskov |
| title_fullStr | Russia from the American Embassy David R. Francis ; edited and annotated by Vladimir V. Noskov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia from the American Embassy David R. Francis ; edited and annotated by Vladimir V. Noskov |
| title_short | Russia from the American Embassy |
| title_sort | russia from the american embassy |
| topic | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 (DE-588)121759970 gnd Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Francis, David Rowland 1850-1927 Politischer Wandel Diplomatie Russland Erlebnisbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032040783&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032040783&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV044487861 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francisdavidrowland russiafromtheamericanembassy AT noskovvladimirvitalʹevic russiafromtheamericanembassy |