Battle on 42nd Street: war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand
At what point does the will to survive on the battlefield give way to bloodlust? The battle for Crete was at once the most modern and the most ancient of wars. For a week Australian and New Zealand forces were relentlessly hammered from the skies by the Luftwaffe and pursued across Crete by some of...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Karte |
| Sprache: | English |
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Sydney, N.S.W.
NewSouth
2019
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| Schriftenreihe: | A New South book
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | At what point does the will to survive on the battlefield give way to bloodlust? The battle for Crete was at once the most modern and the most ancient of wars. For a week Australian and New Zealand forces were relentlessly hammered from the skies by the Luftwaffe and pursued across Crete by some of the most accomplished and best equipped forces Hitler could muster. On the morning of 27 May 1941, however, all that was about to change. When a unit of German mountain troops approached the Allies' defensive line - known as 42nd Street - men from the Australian 2/7th and 2/8th Battalions and New Zealanders from several battalions counter-attacked with fixed bayonets. By the end, German bodies were strewn across the battlefield. Acclaimed historian Peter Monteath draws on recollections and records of Australian, New Zealand, British and German soldiers and local Cretans to reveal the truth behind one of the bloodiest battles of the Second World War |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 260 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9781742236032 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Prologue -- 1 The bayonet: A short, sharp history -- 2 Ordinary men -- 3 Anzacs in Greece -- 4 Operation Merkur -- 5 Assembling Creforce -- 6 The fight for Maleme -- 7 Counter-attack at Maleme -- 8 The struggle for Galatas -- 9 Battle on 42nd Street -- 10 Charge! -- 11 In cold blood -- Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Photo sources -- Notes -- Index | |
| 520 | 3 | |a At what point does the will to survive on the battlefield give way to bloodlust? The battle for Crete was at once the most modern and the most ancient of wars. For a week Australian and New Zealand forces were relentlessly hammered from the skies by the Luftwaffe and pursued across Crete by some of the most accomplished and best equipped forces Hitler could muster. On the morning of 27 May 1941, however, all that was about to change. When a unit of German mountain troops approached the Allies' defensive line - known as 42nd Street - men from the Australian 2/7th and 2/8th Battalions and New Zealanders from several battalions counter-attacked with fixed bayonets. By the end, German bodies were strewn across the battlefield. Acclaimed historian Peter Monteath draws on recollections and records of Australian, New Zealand, British and German soldiers and local Cretans to reveal the truth behind one of the bloodiest battles of the Second World War | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Prologue 1 The bayonet: A short, sharp history 2 Ordinary men 3 Anzacs in Greece 4 Operation Merkur 5 Assembling Creforce 6 The fight for Malerne 7 Counter-attack at Malerne 8 The struggle for Gaiatas 9 Battle on 42nd Street 10 Charge! 11 In cold blood Epilogue Acknowledgments Bibliography Photo sources Notes Index vi 1 12 28 46 63 80 101 122 143 165 183 205 221 222 229 230 251
Bibliography RL8 RL 33 RM 7 Imperial War Museum (London) (IWM) Interviews with Michael Forrester and John Desmond Peck National Archives of Australia (Canberra Office) (NAA) Items from the series: A816 A981 A2676 A5954 B3856 The National Archive (London) (TNA) TNA FO/954/15A, Private Office Papers of Sir Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Published Sources Primary Buchner, Alex, Gebirgsjäger an allen Fronten: Berichte von den Kämpfen der deutschen und österreichischen Gebirgsdivisionen, Adolf Sponholtz, Hanover, 1954. Carstairs, James De Mole, Escapefrom Crete: War Diary, edited by Michael Sweet and Ian Frazer, Society of Cretan Historical Studies, Heraklion, 2016. Churchill, Winston, The Grand Alliance: The Second World War, Volumes II and III, Cassell, London, 1949,1950. Clarke, Michael, My War 1939—1945, published by the author, Melbourne, 1990. Comeau, Marcel G, Operation Mercury: An Airman in the Battle of Crete, Severn House, London, 1976. Cox, Geoffrey, A Tale of Two Battles: A Personal Memoir ofCrete and the Western Desert 1941, William Kimber, London, 1987. Dobiasch, Sepp, Gebirgsjäger aufKreta, Wilhelm Limpert, Berlin, 1942. Downing, WH, To the Last Ridge, Duffy Snellgrove, Sydney, 1998. Edwards, Geoffrey, The Road to Prevelly, published by the author, Perth, 1989. Farran, Roy, Winged Dagger: Adventures on Special Service, Collins, London, 1948. Fielding, Xan, Hide and See/: The Story ofa War-time Agent, Seeker Warburg, London, 1954. Hadjipateras, Costas N, and Maria S Fafalios (eds), Crete 1941 Eyewitnessed, Random Century,
Auckland, 1991. Harper, Barbara (ed.), Lettersfrom Gunner 7/516 and Gunner 7/517, Anchor Communications, Millington, 1978. Heydte, Baron Friedrich August von der, Daedalus Returned: Crete 1941, translated from the German by W Stanley Moss, Hutchinson, London, 1958. 223
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET Howell, Edward, Escape to Live, Longmans, Green Co, London, 1947. Hutching, Megan (ed.), Я Unique Sort ofBattle’: New Zealanders Remember Crete, HarperCollins, Auckland, 2001. Jager, Charles, Escapefrom Crete, Floradale, Sydney, 2004. Kane, Pat, A Soldier’s Story: A Mediterranean Odyssey, Quality Publications, Wellington, 1995. Kippenberger, Howard, Infantry Brigadier, Oxford University Press, London, 1949. Knyvett, R Hugh, ‘Over There’ with the Australians, Project Gutenberg e-Book, n.p., 2005 (1918). Le Souef, Leslie, To War without a Gun, Artlook, Perth, 1980. McAra, Jill (ed.), Standfor New Zealand: Voicesfrom the Battle of Crete, Willson Scott, Christchurch, 2004. Poppel, Martin, Heaven and Hell: The War Diary ofa German Paratrooper, translated by Louise Wilmot, Spellmount, Tunbridge Wells, 1988. Ramcke, Bernhard, Vom Schiffsjungen zum Fallschirmjäger-General, Verlag die Wehrmacht, Berlin, 1943. Ringel, Julius, Hurra, die Gams! Ein Gedenkbuch für die Soldaten der 5. Gebirgsdivision, 8th ed., Leopold Stocker, Graz and Stuttgart, n.d. Slessor, Kenneth, The War Despatches ofKenneth Slessor, Official Australian Correspondent 1940—1944, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1987. Stephanides, Theodore, Climax in Crete, Faber Faber, London, 1946. Student, Kurt (ed.), Kreta: Sieg der Kühnsten. Vom Heldenfampfder Fallschirmjäger, Steirische Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1942. Thomas, WB, Dare to be Free, Allan Wingate, London, 1951. Völkerrechtsverletzungen der britischen Streitkräfte und der Zivilbevölkerung aufKreta, edited by German Foreign Office,
Deutscher Verlag, Berlin, 1942. Winter, Peter, Expendable: The Story ofthe Battlefor Cretefrom the Point of View ofa Common Soldier, Moana Press, Tauranga, 1989. Woodhouse, CM, Something Ventured, Granada, London, 1982. Yeoman, Allan, The Long Road to Freedom, Random Century, Auckland, 1991. Secondary Antili, Peter D, Crete 1941: Germany s Lightning Airborne Assault, Osprey, Oxford, 2005. Beevor, Anthony, Crete: The Battle and the Resistance, John Murray, London, 1991. Bell, Rachael, ‘Evidence and Interpretation in New Zealand’s Official History: The Battle for Crete, May 1941’, War in History, 22, 3 (2015), pp. 364—81. ------ ‘Naming and Claiming: Official History as Contemporary History in the Recording of New Zealand 23rd Battalion, Galatas, Crete, 1941’, War Society, 36, 2 (2017), pp. 120-32. Bentley, Arthur, The Second Eighth: A History ofthe 2/8th Australian Infantry Battalion, 2/8th Battalion Association, Melbourne, 1984. Bolger, WIJ and JG Littlewood, The Fiery Phoenix: The Story ofthe 2П Australian Infantry Battalion 1939—1946, 2/7 Battalion Association, Melbourne, 1983. Bourke, Joanna, An Intimate History ofKilling: Face-to-face Killing in Twentieth-Century Warfare, Granta, London, 1999. Brune, Peter, We Band ofBrothers: A Biography ofRalph Honner, Soldier and Statesman, Allen Unwin, Sydney, 2000. 224
Bibliography Buchner, Alex, Das Handbuch der deutschen Infanterie 1939—1945, Podzun-Pallas, Friedberg, 1987. ------ Weapons and Equipment ofthe German Fallschirmtruppe 1935—1945, translated by David Johnston, Schiffer, Atglen, 1996. Carter, Anthony and John Walter, The Bayonet: A History ofKnife and Sword Bayonets 1850-1970, Based on the ‘Guns Review’ Articles, Arms and Armour Press, London, 1974. Clark, Alan, The Fall of Crete, William Morrow, New York, 1962. Clarke, Hugh, Colin Burgess and Russell Braddon, Prisoners of War, Time-Life and John Ferguson, Sydney, 1988. Cody, JF, 21 Battalion, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington, 1953. ------ 28 (Maori) Battalion, John Douglas, Christchurch, 2012 (1956). Condell, Diana, ‘Major Roy Farran’, The Guardian, 12 June 2006, www.theguardian. com/news/2006/jun/l 2/guardianobituaries.secondworldwar . Connell, John, Wavell: Scholar and Soldier, Reprint Society, London, 1964. Cowan, James, The Maoris in the Great War: A History of The New Zealand Native Contingent and Pioneer Battalion. Gallipoli, 1915 France and Flanders, 1916—1918, Whitcombe Tombs, Auckland, 1926. Darner, Sean and Ian Frazer, On the Run: Anzac Escape and Evasion in Enemy-occupied Crete, Penguin (NZ), Northshore, 2007. Davin, DM, Crete, War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, 1953. De Zayas, Alfred M, Die Wehrmacht-Untersuchungsstelle. Deutsche Ermittlungen über alliierte Völkerrechtsverletzungen im Zweiten Weltkrieg, 3rd ed., Universitas/Langen Müller, Munich, 1980. Dennis, Peter et al. (eds), The Oxford Companion to Australian Military
History, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2008. Dunstan, Simon, Fort Eben Emael: The Key to Hitler s Victory in the West, Osprey, Oxford, 2005. Dyer, HG, Ma Te Reinga: By Way ofReinga. The Way of the Maori Soldier, Arthur H Stockwell, Ilfracombe, 1953. Ellis, John, World War II: The Sharp End, Windrow Greene, London, 1990. Ewer, Peter, Forgotten Anzacs: The Campaign in Greece, 1941, Scribe, Melbourne, 2008. Ffoukes, Charles and EC Hopkinson, Sword, Lartce Bayonet: A Record ofthe Arms ofthe British Army ĚrNavy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1938. Förster, Jürgen, ‘Ideological Warfare in Germany, 1919—1945’, in Jörg Echternkamp (ed.), Germany and the Second World War. Vol. IX/I. German Wartime Society 1939—1945: Politicization, Disintegration, and the Strugglefor Survival, Clarendon, Oxford, 2008, pp. 485-669. Forty, George, The Battle of Crete, Hersham, London, 2001. Fry, Helen, The London Cage: The Secret History ofBritain’s World War II Interrogation Centre, Ylle University Press, New Haven, 2017. Fussell, Paul, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War, Oxford University Press, New York, 1989. Gammage, Bill, The Broken Years: Australian Soldiers in the Great War, Penguin, Melbourne, 1990 (1974). Gardiner, Wira, Te Mura O Te Aki: The Story ofthe Maori Battalion, Reed, Auckland, 1992. 225
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET Gerolymou, Dina, The Battle of Crete: The Untold Stories, Pancretan Association of Melbourne, Melbourne, 2014. Givney, EC (ed.), The First at War: The Story ofthe 2/1st Australian Infantry Battalion 1939-45. The City ofSydney Regiment, Association of First Infantry Battalions, Sydney, 1987. Golia, Karl-Heinz, Die deutsche Fallschirmtruppe 1936-1941. Ihr Auflau und ihr Einsatz in den ersten Feldzügen der Wehrmacht, ES Mitder, Hamburg, 2006. Gordon, Harry, The Embarrassing Australian: The Story ofan Aboriginal Warrior, Lansdowne Press, Melbourne, 1962. Grossman, Dave, On Killing: The Psychological Cost ofLearning to Kill in War and Society, rev. ed., Little Brown, New York, 2009 (1995). Harper, Glyn and Colin Richardson, In the Face ofthe Enemy: The Complete History ofthe Victoria Cross and New Zealand, HarperCollins, Auckland, 2006. Henderson, Jim, 22 Battalion. Official History ofNew Zealand in the Second World War, War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, 1958. ------ Soldier Country, Millwood Press, Wellington, 1978. Henrikson, Rune, Warriors in Combat - What Makes People Actively Fight in Combat?’, Journal ofStrategic Studies, 30, 2 (2007), pp. 187-203. Hetherington, John, Air-Borne Invasion: The Story ifthe Battle of Crete, Angus Robertson, Sydney, 1944. Ì Hill, Maria, Diggers and Greeks: The Australian Campaigns in Greece and Crete, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2010. Holton, David (ed.), The Battle of Crete 1941: A Symposium to Mark, the 50th Anniversary, Faculty ofModern and Medieval Languages, Cambridge University, 1991. Johnston,
Mark, Fighting the Enemy: Australian Soldiers and their Adversaries in World War II, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 2000. ------ The Proud 6th: An Illustrated History ofthe 6th Australian Division 1939—1946, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2008. Kaltenegger, Roland, Die Geschichte der deutschen Gebirgstruppe 1915 bis heute, Motorbuch, Stuttgart, 1980. Kidson, AL, Petrol Company, War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, 1961. Kiriakopoulos, GG, The Nazi Occupation of Crete 1941—1945, Praeger, Westport CT, 1985. Klein, Ralph, Regina Mentner and Stephan Stracke (eds), Mörder unterm Edelweiss. Dokumentation des Hearings zu den Kriegsverbrechen der Gebirgsjäger, Papyrossa, Cologne, 2004. Kosmidis, Pierre, ‘“Fix bayonets!” - 11 am, Tuesday 27 May, 1941: The ANZACs’ charge at “42nd Street’”, www.ww2wrecks.com/portfolio/fix-bayonets-ll-am-tuesday-27may-1941 -the-anzacs-charge-at-42nd-street/ . Laffin, John, Anzacs at War: The Story ofAustralian and New Zealand Battles, AbelardSchuman, London, 1965. Lewis, Tom, Lethality in Combat: A Study ofthe True Nature ofBattle, Big Sky, Newport, 2012. Liddell Hart, BH, The Other Side ofthe Hill, 2nd ed., Cassell, London, 1973. Lidstone, RA, Bloody Bayonets: The Complete Guide to Bayonet Fighting, The Naval and Military Press, Uckfield, 2008 (1942). 226
Bibliography Long, Gavin, Greece, Crete and Syria. Australia in the War of1939—1945. Series 1 — Army. II, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 1953. ------ The Six Years War: A Concise History ofAustralia in the 1939—1945 War, The Australian War Memorial and the Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra, 1973. Lucas, James, Alpine Elite: German Mountain Troops of World War II, Jane’s, London, 1980. ------ Hitler s Mountain Troops, Arms and Armour, London, 1992. Macdonald, Callum, The Lost Battle: Crete 1941, Macmillan, London, 1993. Marshall, SLA, Men against Fire: The Problem ofBattle Command in Future War, William Morrow, New brk, 1947. McClymont, WG, To Greece, Official History ofNew Zealand in the Second World War 1939—45, War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, 1959. McConnell, Lynn, Gaiatas 1941: Courage in Vain, Reed, Auckland, 2006. McGibbon, Ian, New Zealand and the Second World War: The People, the Battles and the Legacy, Hodder Moa Beckett, Auckland, 2004. McGuffie, TH, ‘The Bayonet: A Survey of the Weapon’s Employment in Warfare over the Past Three Centuries’, History Today, 12, 8 (August 1962), pp. 588—93. McLeod, John, Myth and Reality: The New Zealand Soldier in World War II, Heinemann Reed, Auckland, 1986. Monteath, Peter, Escape Artist: The Incredible Second World War ofJohnny Pech, NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 2017. ------ POW Australian Prisoners of War in Hitler s Reich, Pan Macmillan, Sydney, 2011. Moorehead, Alan, African Trilogy, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1944. Mühleisen, Hans-Otto, Kreta 1941. Das Unternehmen “MerĶur 20.
Mai bis 1. Juni 1941, Rombach, Freiburg, 1968. Neitzel, Sönke, Abgehört. Deutsche Generäle in britischer Kriegsgefangenschaft 1942—1945, List, Berlin 2007. Obituary Maj-Gen Michael Forrester’, The Telegraph, 21 October 2006, www.telegraph. co.uk/news/obituaries/1532466/Maj-Gen-Michael-Forrester.html . Palazzo, Albert, Battle of Crete, Army History Unit, Canberra, 2007. Panagiotakis, George I (ed.), Documentsfrom the Battle and the Resistance of Crete, G Detorakis, Heraklion, 2007. Pegram, Aaron, ‘The Spirit of the Bayonet’, Wartime, 47 (2009), pp. 49-53. Phillips, CE Lucas, Victoria Cross Battles ofthe Second World War, Heinemann, London, 1973. Phillips, Gervase, ‘Military Morality Transformed: Weapons and Soldiers on the Nineteenth Century Battlefield’, The Journal ofInterdisciplinary History, 41, 4 (Spring 2011), pp. 565-90. Power, Graham, ‘The Anzacs at 42nd Street’, www.grahampower.nz/media/battle-at42nd-street—graham-power.pdf , accessed 3 July 2017. Pringle, DJC and WA Glue, 20th Battalion and Armoured Regiment, War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington, 1957. Quarrte, Bruce, German Airborne Divisions: Blitzkrieg 1940—41, Osprey, Oxford, 2004. ------ German Paratroops in the Med: A Selection of German Wartime Photographsfrom the Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, Patrick Stephens, Cambridge, 1979. Ramsland, John and Christopher Mooney, Remembering Aboriginal Heroes: Struggle, Identity and the Media, Brolga, Melbourne, 2006. 227
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET Rankin, RH, ‘The Bayonet’, Marine Corps Gazette, 40, 4 (April 1956), pp. 54-56. Richardson, FM, Fighting Spirit: A Study ofPsychological Factors in War, Leo Cooper, London, 1978. Richter, Heinz A, Operation Mercury, the Invasion of Cretշ , Journal ofNew Zealand Studies, 16 (2013), pp. 147-55. ------ Operation Merkur. Die Eroberung der Insel Kreta im Mai 1941, Verlag Philipp Rutzen, Mainz and Ruhpolding, 2011. Ross, Angus, 23 Battalion, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington, 1959. Sadler, John, Operation Mercury: The Battlefor Crete 1941, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2007. Sandford, Kenneth, Mark °f Cion: The Story of Capt. Charles Upham, VC. and Bar, Arrow, London, 1962. Saunders, Tim, Crete: The Airborne Invasion, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2007. Simpson, Tony, Operation Mercury: The Battlefor Crete, 1941, Hodder Stoughton, London, 1981. Sinclair, DWj 19 Battalion and Armoured Regiment, War History Branch, Wellington, 1954. Small, Jamie, ‘Highly decorated New Zealand soldier Major-General Walter “Sandy” Thomas dies’, the press, 24 October 2017, www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/98183716/ highlydecorated-new-zealand-soldier֊majorgeneral-walter-sandy֊thomas-dies . Soutar, Monty, Nga Tama Toa: The Price of Citizenship, Bateman, Auckland, 2008. Stanley, Peter, ‘“AGood Dishing” on 42nd Street’, Wartime, 15 (2001), pp. 37—41. Stewart, IMG, The Strugglefor Crete: 20 May — 1 June 1941: A Story ofLost Opportunity, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991 (1966). Stone, John, ‘The Point of the Bayonet’, Technology and Culture, 53, 4 (2012), pp. 885-908. Tessin, Georg,
Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939—1945, Biblio, Osnabrück, 1979. Thies, Klaus-Jürgen, Der Balkanfeldzug und die Eroberung von Kreta 1941. Ein Lageatlas der Operationsabteilung des Generalstabs des Heeres, Biblio, Osnabrück, 1996. Thompson, Peter, Anzac Fury: The Bloody Battle of Crete 1941, Heinemann, Sydney, 2010. Tzobanakis, Stella, Creforce: The Anzacs and the Battle of Crete, Black Dog, Melbourne, 2010. Villahermosa, Gilberto, Hitler’s Paratrooper: The Life and Battles ofRudolf Witzig, Frontline, London, 2010. Vogel, Detlef ‘German Intervention in the Balkans’, in Research Institute for Military History (ed.), Germany and the Second World War. Volume III. The Mediterranean, South-east Europe, and North Africa 1939—1941, translated by Dean S McMurry, Ewald Osers and Louise Wilmot, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 449—555. Watson, Peter, War on the Mind: The Military Uses and Abuses ofPsychology, Hutchinson, London, 1978. Wright, Matthew, A Near-Run Affair: New Zealanders in the Battlefor Crete, 1941, Reed, Auckland, 2000. Xylander, Marlen von, Die deutsche Besatzungsherrschaft aufKreta 1941—1945, Rombach, Freiburg, 1989. Websites The Anzac Portal www.anzacportal.dva.gov.au Australian Dictionary of Biography adb.anu.edu.au 228
Bibliography Australian War Memorial www.awm.gov.au Department ofVeterans’ Affairs www.dva.gov.au Encyclopedia of the Australian War Memorial www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia Imperial War Museum, Stories www.iwm.org.uk/history Lexikon der Wehrmacht www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de New Zealand History www.nzhistory.govt.nz Te Ara; The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand www.teara.govt.nz 28th Maori Battalion www.28maoribattalion.org.nz 229
Index Note: map references are italicised and photos in the picture section are indicated in italics. 16 Brigade, 43 17 Brigade, 12, 43 19 Brigade at 42nd Street, 151 2/1 Battalion, 41, 77, 97,217 surrender at Retimo, 184-85 2/2 Battalion, 38 2/3 Battalion, 38 2/4 Battalion deployment in Crete, 78 deployment in Greece, 30 at Servia Pass, 36 2/6 Battalion, 12 2/7 Battalion, 12, 14, 24, 186, 190-92,216-18 battle on 42nd Street, 152, 155, 156,157-61,165, 172,174, 177,178 deployment in Crete, 76—77,107, 114,149 deployment in Greece, 38 evacuation from Greece, 43 rear-guard action, 188 withdrawal to Suda Bay, 150 2/8 Battalion, 12,13, 24,186, 216-17 battle on 42nd Street, 152, 157, 174 deployment in Crete, 76-77, 149 deployment in Greece, 30—31, 34, 38, 39 evacuation from Crete, 190 evacuation from Greece, 43—44 Vevi Line, German assault, 31—32, 35 42 Street, 6, 68 battle on, 143-82 bayonet charge at, 153 map establishment of defensive line, 155-56 German advances, 146,147 maps Aliakmon Line, 33 map, 34, 36 Allen, James, 19 Allen, John, 154 Allied use of paratroopers, 207 American Civil War, 2 Andrew, Leslie, 72, 95—96, 99—100, 214 Andrews, George, 126 Anzac Corps, 32 retreat towards Athens, 38 Anzacs, 10 arrival on Crete, 66—67 retreat across Crete, 183-94 POWs in Crete, 192, 212-13, 217 Aupouri, Hemara, 168—69 Australian troops, 1,2,3 Australian units 2 Australian Imperial Force (AIF), 12 6 Division, 12, 22, 216 defence of Crete, 71 departure for Palestine, 14 deployment in Greece, 29, 39 253
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET withdrawal to Suda Bay, 150 2/11 Battalion, 23-24, 78, 97, 184 Australian War Cabinet, 28 Baker, Frederick, 167, 169, 171 Ballos, 40 Bardia, 22-23, 96 Italian surrender, 23 Barwick, Archie, 5, 9 Battle for Crete Allied losses, 205 Anzac retreat, 183—94 battle on 42nd Street, 143—82 Gaiatas, strategic position, 122 German defeat at Gaiatas, 137—40 German invasion, 82—100 German losses, 205 German moves on Canea and Suda Bay, 144,145-48 Malerne offensives, 101-21, 127 NZ withdrawal from Gaiatas, 142 on treatment of German corpses, 194-204 Battle of Messines, 20 Baxter, AB (Mick), 163—64, 219 bayonets, 1, 2 in the battle on 42nd Street, 161, 219 history oij 1—11, 58 use at Gaiatas, 137 Bayonne, 1 Bedding, Thomas, 195 Bennett, Charles Moihi, 166 Bernard, Stephen, 158 Bertrand, George, 177 Bismarcku 183 Blarney, Thomas, 12, 32, 64 see also Anzac Corps Blitzkrieg tactics, 30 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 47 Brauer, Commander Bruno, 99, 209 execution of; 210 Bren guns, 77 British units 2 Black Watch, 68 3 Hussars, 134 14 Brigade, 71 42 Field Company, 68, vi 7 Armoured Division, 24 Buchner, Alex, 58 Burge, AE, 178 Burge, Alaister, 172-73 Campbell, Ian, 77, 97, 217 surrender at Retino, 184—85 Cape of Good Hope, 18 Carr, FW; 110-11 illustration by, 10 Carter, Stanley, 159 Chappel, BH, 71, 98 Churchill, Winston, 26, 63 Citizens Military Forces, 13 Clausewitz, Carl von, vi, viii Cockerill, КС, 173, 178 Connell, John, 24 Corbett, Ray, 193 Costa Rica, 43 demise of, 44 Cox, Geoffrey, 116, 118 Creforce, 69, 78, 89 interception of parachutists, 97 members trapped at Canea, 179
Crete, 65 map Allied losses on, 205 allied order to abandon, 184 Anzac retreat, 183-94 defence of, 68-75 German defeat at Galatas, 137—40 German invasion ofj 82—100 20 May first wave, 84 map batde on 42nd Street, 143—82 254
Index Jews sent to their deaths, 206 Maleme defence and occupation, 108,117,129 reprisals against civilians, 16 German losses on, 205 German moves on Canea and Suda Bay, 144,145-48 history of, 65-66 mutilation of German corpses, 194 on treatment of German corpses, 8, 10,16, 194-204 Cunningham, Andrew, 115 Creforce command, 69 Creforce contingents, 78 defence of Crete, 71, 74-76, 89—90, 183-84 Maleme counter-attack, 106, 114 on treatment of German corpses, 201 Gaiatas, 12 20 May positions, 124 map 25 May positions, 131 map Allied withdrawal, 142 German defeat, 137-40 struggle for, 122-42 D-Day, 207, 209, 211 Gallipoli, 5, 20 Davies, Eric, 167 Gammage, Bill, 4 Davin, Dan, 37, 92-93 Gardiner, Wira, 21 Davison, Rob, 176—77 Gentry, William, 142 Defender, HMS, 44 Gericke, Walter, 96, 203 DFS 230 (German glider), 54 German corpses treatment of, 8,10,16, 194-204 Dittmer, George, 142, 154, 169, 177, 215 Downing, Walter, 6—7 Dyer, Humphrey, 82, 94—95, 103—104, 112 battle on 42nd Street, 154—55, 169-72 El Álaméin, 206, 209,215 Ellsworth, Nigel, 4 Farran, Roy, 106, 113, 134, 137, 212 injury at Gaiatas, 138 Forrester, Michael, 128, 132, 134, 135-36,212 Forster, Hans, 13, 148, 156, 180, 197-99,211 Franco—Prussian War, 2 Franklin, Benjamin, 46 Freyberg, Bernard, 5, 63—64, 79, 150, 213-14 German Furies, 44 German units VIII Air Corps, 55, 59, 81-82 XI Air Corps, 48, 59 1 Air Landing Assault Regiment, 54 invasion of Crete, 82—83, 95, 101 civilian atrocities committed, 203-204 7 Air Division, 46, 51, 54—55 Crete campaign, 59, 61, 81, 101 in Denmark and Norway, 53 1 Parachute Regiment, 61 2
Parachute Regiment, 43 3 Parachute Regiment, 61, 86, 123, 156, 179 1 Battalion, 100, 144 3 Battalion, 115, 125 5 Mountain Division, 56, 57, 104, 117,144,188 6 Mountain Division, 38, 40, 56 85 Mountain Regiment, 130,146,183 255
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET 100 Mountain Regiment, 115, 117-18, 132, 186 defeat at Gaiatas, 141 141 Mountain Regiment, 41, 56—57, 147, 180,186,211 1/141 Battalion, 148 resistance to, 197—98 III Battalion, 144 111/141 Battalion, 148 Headquarters Battalion, 144 Afrika Korps, 48 SS Adolf Hitler Division, 31 Sturmabteilung Koch, 54 Germany Bulgarian invasion, 29 invasion of Crete 20 May first wave, 84 map Anzac retreat, 183—94 battle on 42nd Street, 143—82 defeat at Gaiatas, 137—40 German moves on Canea and Suda Bay, 144, 145-48, 156 Jews sent to their deaths, 206 losses, 205 Malerne defence and occupation, 108, 117,129 invasion of Greece, 30 parachutist equipment, 52 Yugoslav invasion, 30 Gibbons, Walter, 92 Goring, Hermann, 46, 51, 203 Grant, Ron, 25 Gray, John, 125—26 Great Depression, 13 Greece Anzac evacuation from, 42 army capitulation, 39 front lines in 1941,55 map German invasion ofj 30 Greek units 1 Greek Regiment, 89 6 Greek Regiment, 123, 125 8 Greek Regiment, 123 Griffiths-March, Roland, 174 Hargest, James, 34, 72, 103, 105, 120-21, 165,216 battle on 42nd Street, 150-52 on low morale, 189 Heidrich, Richard, 61, 123, 126-27 Hemi, Jack, 170 Hereward, HMS, 44 Hero, HMS, 44 Heydte, Baron Friedrich August von der, 4, 50-52, 62, 208-209 battle on 42nd Street, 155—56 Canea, surrender of, 179 on German losses in Crete, 194 invasion of Crete, 86-89 Knight’s Cross award, 208 on Royal Navy operations, 116—17 Hill 107, 72, 83, 86, 95, 100,106,203 abandonment of, 214 German occupation oij 102 Hitler, Adolf accession to power, 46 campaign in Crete, 10, 60 Directive 28, occupation of
Crete, 49 interventions in Africa and Greece, 26, 48 on losses in Crete, 207 Treaty of Versailles, 51 turning soldiers into National Socialists, 55 Hooper, George, 97 Hoyer, Sergeant-Major, 182 Hughes, Billy, 19 Hulme, Clive, 138-39, 180, 216 256
Index Inglis, Lindsay Merritt, 74—75, 208 Italian units 10 Army, 22 Jacka, Albert, 4 Jacķal, HMS, 190 Jais Group, 179 Jais, Maximilian, 41, 57, 144, 211 Ju 52s, 7, 42, 81, 82,90, 117 Kane, Pat, І 6—17 Kelly, Alvin, 151 Kelly, Charles, 113 Kennedy, Michael, 185 Kennedy, Ray, 176 Kinder, James, 192-93 Kippenberger, Howard, 75, 123, 128, 133, 189,214-15 on German defeat at Gaiatas, 140 Kleye, Oskar, 102 Knyvett, Hugh, 6 Koch, Walter, 54, 83 Krakau, August, 130, 180, 183 Kranz, Dr, 181, 200 Kumnig, Matthias, 198-99 Lee Enfield bayonets, 6, 53 Leonidas, 39 Lithgow, 4 Logan, Rangi, 170, 171 Löhr, Alexander, 61 and Operation Mercury, 58—59 Longstaff, William, 6 Luftwaffe, 36, 44 bombing of Canea, 143—44 improvements to, 51 opening raids on Crete, 95 reprisals against Kastelli, 195—96 Lustre Force, 28 Malerne airfield, 73 map Malerne counter-attack, 105-106, 109 map, 111-13 Maori conscription, 19 Maori NCO training, 21 Maori, First World War experience, 19-20 Maori, Second World War experience, 20—21 see also New Zealand units battle at Olympus Pass, 73—74 German assaults on, 35 German invasion of Crete, 94 Malerne counter-attack, 111-13, 119 Marshall, Henry, 114, 158 Matthews, Governor, 170, 171 Mauser Gewehr 98k rifles, 57 McGeoch, Beverley, 157,158,159 McKerchar, FS, 176 Meindl, Eugen, 61, 85-86, 101—102 Menzies, Robert, 28 Messerschmitt aircraft, 26—27 Metaxas Line, 29,33 map, 56, 144 Meyer, Kurt, 104-105 Midwwod, Arthur, 111 Miller, Walter, 157,158,159-60,177,178 Mitchell, ‘Billy,’ 47 Mitchell, John, 77 Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisation (MNBDO), 69 Müller, Friedrich-
Wilhelm, 210 Mürbe, Peter, 89, 120 fate of para troop detachment, 195 Mussolini, Benito, 14 defeats in Africa and Greece, 25 Nelson, St Elmo, 158 Neuhoff, Karl, 125 New Zealand declaration of war, 16 257
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET participation in Second World War, 16 Regular Force, 16 Special Force, 20 New Zealand units 1 Echelon, 17 2 Echelon, 17,21 2 Expeditionary Force, 64 4 Brigade, 17, 22, 34, 72, 74, 122, 132 battle on 42nd Street, 152 5 Brigade, 21, 34,42, 72, 74,120, 132, 186,214-15 batde on 42nd Street, 150, 151, 152, 165 10 Brigade, 75, 123 18 Brigade, 17, 75 19 Brigade, 17,34, 75 20 Brigade, 17 18 Battalion, 131, 133 19 Battalion, 125,153, 155, 172-74 20 Battalion, 107, 125, 133, 134, 149,176 evacuation from Crete, 189 Malerne airfield attack on, 110, 113 21 Battalion, 36, 38, 41, 72, 94, 99, 100, 103 battle on 42nd Street, 153, 165, 171,174-75 Malerne airfield attack on, 113 22 Battalion, 35, 72, 95,100, 173, 176,214,215 Malerne airfield attack on, 111 23 Battalion, 35, 73, 92-93,100,103, 135-36,176,215-16 28 (Maori) Battalion, 3, 20—21, 35, 73, 82,94, 103,213 battle on 42nd Street, 153—54, 156, 165-69,171-73 Native Contingent, 18 New Zealand Brigade, 40 New Zealand Division, 39 Petrol Company, 124—25, 127 Pioneer Battalion, 20 New Zealand Wars, 19 Ngata, Apirana, 18 Operation Barbarossa, 48, 60, 206 Operation Compass, 22 Operation Marita, 30, 56 Operation Market Garden, 209 Operation Mercury, 56, 58-60, 101 see also Hitler, Adolf and Student, Kurt paratrooper weaponry, 52—53 Pattern 1907 bayonets, 1,3, 10 see also bayonets Pavlov’s dog, 10 Pearl Harbor, 206 Peck, John Desmond (‘Johnny’), 14, 161- 62,178,188,219 Phoebe, HMS, 190 Pinios Gorge, 38 Pink Hill German surrender, 128-29, 134 Pozières, 5 Puckapunyal, 13, 160 Puttick, Edward, 105 battle on 42nd Street,
149-52 Ramcke, Hermann-Bernhard, 105, 132, 179, 208 Reardon, Mick, 172 Reichsheer (regular German army), 57 Reiter, Frank‘Blue,’ 159, 160, 162-63 Richthofen, Wolfram von, 55, 102 Ringel, Julius ‘Papa,’ 56, 119, 130, 145,210 on enemy resistance, 145 258
Index proposed advance on Canea and Suda Bay, 145—48 reprisals against Greek hostilities, 195-97 on situation at Sfalda, 192 Rising Sun badge, 10 Robertson, Bill, 151 Rommel, Erwin, 48 Royal Navy, 42, 49, 60, 62, 66, 79 attack on German flotilla, 115-16 evacuations from Crete, 184, 189 loss of sailors, 211—12 sinking oīBismarcĶ 183 Royal, Rangi, 100,154, 156, 167-68 Riidel, Roland, 200 Russell, John, 128 Russo-Japanese War, 3 SA (Sturmabteilung), 50—51 Sandover, Ray, 78, 97, 185 Sarrazin, Kurt, 83 Saunders, Harry, 15, 218 Saunders, Reg, 2, 15, 26-27, 39, 162-64,186-87, 218 in retreat, 188—89 on treatment of German corpses, 201-2 Savage, Michael, 16 Schölz, Joachim on treatment of German corpses, 197, 198,199-200 Sfalda, 15, 186, 188-94,211 and evacuation routes, 187 map retreat to, 216 Short Magazine Lee Enfield rifles, 4, 14 Sidi Barraní, 22, 23 Slazenger, 4 Slessor, Kenneth, 40 Slocombe, Bob, 157 Smith, Willie, 35 Smith, Max, 129 Spanish Civil War, 37 Stenzler, Edgar, 203 Student, Kurt, 4,46-50, 54—56,185 British capture of, 208 conquest of Crete, 49, 79—81, 96, 114-15 on German losses in Crete, 194 on Hitler and German losses in Crete, 207 Knight’s Cross decoration, 47 Malerne counter-measures, 101,120 and Operation Mercury, 58—60 reprisals against Cretans, 197, 203 Stuka dive-bombers, 37 Suez Canal, 14 Süssmann, Wilhelm, 54, 61, 82 Te Puni, Tihema, 172 Thermopylae Line, 33 map, 41 Thomas, Private, 5 Thomas, Sandy, 93—94,136,137,139, 215 Thornton, William, 91 Tobruk, 24, 39 Australian units at, 24-25, 96 Treaty of Versailles, 46, 51 Trebes, Horst, 203, 210 Trentham Army
School, 21 Tureia, Parekura, 111-12 Ultra (decrypts of German codes), 70-71, 114 Upham, Charles Hazlitt, 5, 108-109, 113-14,216 Victoria Cross medal, 114 Utz, Willibald, 132,179 259
BATTLE ON 42ND STREET Vasey, George, 70, 77 battle on 42nd Street, 149—52 Vevi Line assault, 31 Wenzel, Helmut, 86 Western Front, 4, 208 Walker, Theo, 13,107, 154, 158-59, 190-92,217 on treatment of German corpses, 201 Waretini, Rangitepuru (Sewell, Sony), 168 Wavell, Archibald, 63, 68 Wehrmacht, 10, 31, 55 Weixler, Franz Peter, 202—203 on German atrocities on civilians, 203-204 Bayer/sc Staatsbiêp Mön«1· ·· Weston, Eric, 71,150, 151 Wilson, Henry Maidand, 29 Woodhouse, Monty, 90 Xerxes, 39 ifeoman, Allan, 175-76,177 Ypres, 2 Zeiss binoculars, 94
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Monteath, Peter 1961- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)123333075 |
| author_facet | Monteath, Peter 1961- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Monteath, Peter 1961- |
| author_variant | p m pm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046418668 |
| contents | Prologue -- 1 The bayonet: A short, sharp history -- 2 Ordinary men -- 3 Anzacs in Greece -- 4 Operation Merkur -- 5 Assembling Creforce -- 6 The fight for Maleme -- 7 Counter-attack at Maleme -- 8 The struggle for Galatas -- 9 Battle on 42nd Street -- 10 Charge! -- 11 In cold blood -- Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Photo sources -- Notes -- Index |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1261741458 (DE-599)BVBBV046418668 |
| format | Map |
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The battle for Crete was at once the most modern and the most ancient of wars. For a week Australian and New Zealand forces were relentlessly hammered from the skies by the Luftwaffe and pursued across Crete by some of the most accomplished and best equipped forces Hitler could muster. On the morning of 27 May 1941, however, all that was about to change. When a unit of German mountain troops approached the Allies' defensive line - known as 42nd Street - men from the Australian 2/7th and 2/8th Battalions and New Zealanders from several battalions counter-attacked with fixed bayonets. By the end, German bodies were strewn across the battlefield. 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| id | DE-604.BV046418668 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:44:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781742236032 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031831139 |
| oclc_num | 1261741458 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | viii, 260 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210730 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | NewSouth |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | A New South book |
| spelling | Monteath, Peter 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)123333075 aut Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand Peter Monteath Battle on Forty-Second Street Sydney, N.S.W. NewSouth 2019 viii, 260 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A New South book Prologue -- 1 The bayonet: A short, sharp history -- 2 Ordinary men -- 3 Anzacs in Greece -- 4 Operation Merkur -- 5 Assembling Creforce -- 6 The fight for Maleme -- 7 Counter-attack at Maleme -- 8 The struggle for Galatas -- 9 Battle on 42nd Street -- 10 Charge! -- 11 In cold blood -- Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Photo sources -- Notes -- Index At what point does the will to survive on the battlefield give way to bloodlust? The battle for Crete was at once the most modern and the most ancient of wars. For a week Australian and New Zealand forces were relentlessly hammered from the skies by the Luftwaffe and pursued across Crete by some of the most accomplished and best equipped forces Hitler could muster. On the morning of 27 May 1941, however, all that was about to change. When a unit of German mountain troops approached the Allies' defensive line - known as 42nd Street - men from the Australian 2/7th and 2/8th Battalions and New Zealanders from several battalions counter-attacked with fixed bayonets. By the end, German bodies were strewn across the battlefield. Acclaimed historian Peter Monteath draws on recollections and records of Australian, New Zealand, British and German soldiers and local Cretans to reveal the truth behind one of the bloodiest battles of the Second World War Eroberung von Kreta 1941 (DE-588)4208466-0 gnd rswk-swf World War, 1939-1945 / Campaigns / Greece / Crete Crete (Greece) / History / Occupation, 1941-1945 Occupation of Crete (Greece : 1941-1945) World War (1939-1945) Military campaigns Greece / Crete 1939-1945 History Eroberung von Kreta 1941 (DE-588)4208466-0 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-74224-468-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-74224-918-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031831139&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031831139&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031831139&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Monteath, Peter 1961- Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand Prologue -- 1 The bayonet: A short, sharp history -- 2 Ordinary men -- 3 Anzacs in Greece -- 4 Operation Merkur -- 5 Assembling Creforce -- 6 The fight for Maleme -- 7 Counter-attack at Maleme -- 8 The struggle for Galatas -- 9 Battle on 42nd Street -- 10 Charge! -- 11 In cold blood -- Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Photo sources -- Notes -- Index Eroberung von Kreta 1941 (DE-588)4208466-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4208466-0 |
| title | Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand |
| title_alt | Battle on Forty-Second Street |
| title_auth | Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand |
| title_exact_search | Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand |
| title_full | Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand Peter Monteath |
| title_fullStr | Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand Peter Monteath |
| title_full_unstemmed | Battle on 42nd Street war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand Peter Monteath |
| title_short | Battle on 42nd Street |
| title_sort | battle on 42nd street war in crete and the anzacs bloody last stand |
| title_sub | war in Crete and the Anzacs' bloody last stand |
| topic | Eroberung von Kreta 1941 (DE-588)4208466-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eroberung von Kreta 1941 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031831139&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031831139&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031831139&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT monteathpeter battleon42ndstreetwarincreteandtheanzacsbloodylaststand AT monteathpeter battleonfortysecondstreet |