Brains through time: a natural history of vertebrates
"Much is conserved in vertebrate evolution, but significant changes in the nervous system occurred at the origin of vertebrates and in most of the major vertebrate lineages. This book examines these innovations and relates them to evolutionary changes in other organ systems, animal behavior, an...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York, NY, United States of America
Oxford University Press
[2020]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Much is conserved in vertebrate evolution, but significant changes in the nervous system occurred at the origin of vertebrates and in most of the major vertebrate lineages. This book examines these innovations and relates them to evolutionary changes in other organ systems, animal behavior, and ecological conditions at the time. The resulting perspective clarifies what makes the major vertebrate lineages unique and helps explain their varying degrees of ecological success. One of the book's major conclusions is that vertebrate nervous systems are more diverse than commonly assumed, at least among neurobiologists. Examples of important innovations include not only the emergence of novel brain regions, such as the cerebellum and neocortex, but also major changes in neuronal circuitry and functional organization. A second major conclusion is that many of the apparent similarities in vertebrate nervous systems resulted from convergent evolution, rather than inheritance from a common ancestor. For example, brain size and complexity increased numerous times, in many vertebrate lineages. In conjunction with these changes, olfactory inputs to the telencephalic pallium were reduced in several different lineages, and this reduction was associated with the emergence of pallial regions that process non-olfactory sensory inputs. These conclusions cast doubt on the widely held assumption that all vertebrate nervous systems are built according to a single, common plan. Instead, the book encourages readers to view both species similarities and differences as fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of nervous systems. Evolution; Phylogeny; Neuroscience; Neurobiology; Neuroanatomy; Functional Morphology; Paleoecology; Homology; Endocast; Brain"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 523 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780195125689 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "Much is conserved in vertebrate evolution, but significant changes in the nervous system occurred at the origin of vertebrates and in most of the major vertebrate lineages. This book examines these innovations and relates them to evolutionary changes in other organ systems, animal behavior, and ecological conditions at the time. The resulting perspective clarifies what makes the major vertebrate lineages unique and helps explain their varying degrees of ecological success. One of the book's major conclusions is that vertebrate nervous systems are more diverse than commonly assumed, at least among neurobiologists. Examples of important innovations include not only the emergence of novel brain regions, such as the cerebellum and neocortex, but also major changes in neuronal circuitry and functional organization. A second major conclusion is that many of the apparent similarities in vertebrate nervous systems resulted from convergent evolution, rather than inheritance from a common ancestor. For example, brain size and complexity increased numerous times, in many vertebrate lineages. In conjunction with these changes, olfactory inputs to the telencephalic pallium were reduced in several different lineages, and this reduction was associated with the emergence of pallial regions that process non-olfactory sensory inputs. These conclusions cast doubt on the widely held assumption that all vertebrate nervous systems are built according to a single, common plan. Instead, the book encourages readers to view both species similarities and differences as fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of nervous systems. Evolution; Phylogeny; Neuroscience; Neurobiology; Neuroanatomy; Functional Morphology; Paleoecology; Homology; Endocast; Brain"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804180850871369728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Brains Through Time
A Natural History of Vertebrates
GEORG F STRIEDTER AND R GLENN NORTHCUTT
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface xiii
1 Reconstructing History: Aims and Methodology 1
1 1 Comparative Approaches Outside of Biology 2
111 Stellar Evolution 2
112 Hie Periodic Table 4
113 Geological Strata 6
114 Plate Tectonics 7
1 2 The Comparative Method in Biology 10
121 Scale of Nature versus Family Tree 10
122 Reconstructing Phylogenies 14
122 1, Phylogenetic Systematics 15
1222 Timetrees 18
123 Character Reconstruction and Homology 20
124 The Evolution of Development 23
125 Adaptation and Constraint 26
1 3 Comparative Approaches in Neurobiology 30
131 Moving Past the Triune Brain Hypothesis 30
132 Evo-Devo and the New Neuromorphology 32
1321 The Field Homology Concept 34
133 Molecular and Cellular Homologies 37
1331 Gene and Protein Evolution 38
1332 Evolution of Cell Types 38
134 Principles of Variation 41
1 4 The Importance of Natural History 44
References 47
2 The Origin of Vertebrates: Invertebrate Chordates and Cyclostomes 58
2 1 The Origins of Neurons and Nervous Systems 58
2 2 Basal Vertebrates and Their Closest Invertebrate Relatives 61
221 Extant Basal Chordates 62
2211 Cephalochordates 62
2212 Tunicates 64
2213 Cyclostomes: Lampreys and Hagfishes 66
222 Extinct Basal Chordates 70
2 3 The Paleoecology of Early Chordates 71
231 Continental Plates, Sea Levels, and Atmosphere 72
232 Species Diversity and Food Webs 72
233 Threats, Constraints, and Opportunities 75
2 4 The Major Sense Organs of Early Vertebrates 78
241 Photoreception 78
242 Chemical Sense s 82
Viii CONTENTS
243 Mechanosensory Hair Cells 85
244 Electroreception 88
2 5 Movements and Motor Control 90
2 6 Early Vertebrate Brains 93
261 The Brains of Cyclostomes 94
262 Invertebrate Chordate Brains 99
2621 Amphioxus Brains 99
2622 Tunicate Brains 102
2 7 Developmental Mechanisms for Evolving a “New Head” 103
271 Placodes 104
272 Neural Crest 106
273 Developing a Telencephalon 108
2 8 The Question of Novelty in Evolution 110
281 Levels of Homology 111
282 Identifying Novelties 113
References 115
3 The Origin ofjaws and Paired Fins: The Age of Fishes 125
3 1 Extant Jawed Fishes and Their Brains 125
311 Cartilaginous Fishes 126
312 Ray-Finned Fishes 130
313 Lobe-Finned Fishes 135
3 2 The Paleoecology of Early Gnathostomes 137
321 Stem Gnathostomes 137
322 The End-Devonian Mass Extinction 141
3 3 The Sense Organs of Early Gnathostomes 142
331 Photoreception 142
332 Chemical Senses 143
333 Vestibular Sensing 145
334 Hearing and Localizing Sounds 146
335 The Lateral Line Systems 147
3351 Mechanosensory Lateral Line 148
3352 Electrosensory Lateral Line 149
3 4 Gnathostome Movements and Motor Control 150
3 5 The Brains of Early Jawed Fishes 154
351 Medulla 154
352 Cerebellum and Cerebellum-Like Structures 156
353 Midbrain Roof and Tegmentum 160
354 Diencephalon 164
355 Hypothalamus 168
356 Telencephalon 171
3561 Evagination versus Eversion 171
3562 PallialHomologies 173
3 6 Evolutionary Changes in Telencephalic Connections 178
361 Evolutionary Restriction of Olfactory Inputs 178
362 Functions of the Telencephalon in Early Gnathostomes 180
3 7 Functional Synthesis 183
References 185
CONTENTS ix
4 The Invasion of Land: Lobe-Finned Fishes and Amphibians 196
4 1 The Lobe-Finned Vertebrates 196
411 Coelacanths 196
412 Lungfishes 198
413 Extant Amphibians 202
414 Extinct Tetrapods 205
4 2 Challenges and Opportunities on Land 208
421 Air Breathing, Water Loss, and Gas Exchange 208
422 Moving on Land and Sensing in Air 211
4 3 Sense Organs for Use on Land 213
431 Terrestrial Vision 213
432 Hearing in Air 215
433 Losing the Lateral Line 218
434 Smelling on Land and in the Air 219
4 4 Movement on Land 222
45 The Brains of Early Tetrapods 226
451 Paedomorphosis and the Brain 228
452 Medulla 229
453 Cerebellum 231
454 Midbrain 232
455 Diencephalon 234
456 Hypothalamus 236
457 The Telencephalon 238
4571 Subpallial Derivatives 239
4572 Divisions of the Pallium 243
4 6 Functional Organization of Early Tetrapod Brains 248
References 251
5 The Conquest of Land: Amniote Origins and the Age of Reptiles 261
5 1 Early Amniotes and Extant Sauropsids 261
511 The Tuatara, Lizards, and Snakes 263
512 Turtles 264
513 Crocodilians and Birds 268
514 Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Reptiles 271
5 2 Ecological Challenges for Early Amniotes 276
521 Water Loss and Gas Exchange 276
522 Mass Extinctions and Recovery 278
5 3 Enhanced Sense Organs 280
531 Vision, from Infrared to Ultraviolet 281
5311 Cornea, Lens, and Papillary Cone 282
5312 Sophisticated Retinas 284
532 Tympanic Ears and High-Frequency Hearing 286
533 Taste, Olfaction, and the Vomeronasal Sense 290
5 4 Changes in Motor Patterns and Control 293
541 Locomotor Innovations , 293
542 Necks, Jaws, and Catching Prey 296
5 5 Changes in the Brains of Sauropsids 297
551 Hindbrain Auditory Circuits 297
552 Cerebellar Expansions and Novelties 300
553 Midbrain Expansion and Complexity 302
X CONTENTS
554A Large but Strange Forebrain 306
5541 Thalamus 307
5542 Dorsal Ventricular Ridge 308
5543 OtherPallial Sectors 315
5 6 Novel Forebrain Circuits and Functions 318
References 323
6 The Rise ofEndothermy: Mammals, but also Birds 337
6 1 Extant Mammals 337
6 2 Stem Mammals 340
6 3 Synapsid Brain-Body Scaling 343
6 4 Paleoecology, Physiology, and Behavior 349
641 Becoming Small and Nocturnal 350
642 The Origins of Synapsid Endothermy 351
643 Endothermy in Birds 355
644 Surviving an Asteroid 356
6 5 Modified Sensory Abilities 357
651 Vision 357
6511 Nocturnal Vision 357
6512 Color Vision andFoveae 358
652 Hearing 361
6521 Mammalian Middle Ears 361
6522 Modified Inner Ears 362
653 Olfaction and the Vomeronasal System 365
654 Somatosensation 367
6 6 Breathing, Chewing, and Moving Around 369
6 7 Brain Enlargement and Reorganization 371
671 Hindbrain Auditory Circuits 372
672 Cerebellum and Related Areas 374
673A Modest Midbrain Roof 378
674 An Enlarged, More Complex Thalamus 381
6741 Thalamic Homologies and Novelties 382
6742 Thalamic Connections with the Telencephalon 383
675 Striatopallidal Circuits 385
676 Evolution of the Neocortex 388
6761 The Search for Neocortex Homologs 390
6762 Cortical Expansion and Areal Differentiation 395
6763 The Corpus Callosum: An Innovation of Placental Mammals 401
677 The Hippocampus: Old but Modified 403
References 406
7 Synthesis: Patterns and Principles 423
7 1 Major Transitions in Vertebrate Phylogeny 423
711 The Origin of Vertebrates 423
712 The Emergence of Jawed Vertebrates 424
713 The First Terrestrial Vertebrates 425
714 The Origin and Diversification of Ectothermic Amniotes 426
715 The Rise of Endothermic Amniotes 427
7 2 General Patterns of Evolutionary Change 429
721 Changes in Taxonomic Diversity, Body Size, and Complexity 429
722 Evolutionary Divergence and Convergence 431
CONTENTS XI
7 3 Trends in the Evolution of Brain Size 433
731 Independent Increases in Relative Brain Size 433
732 Functional Correlates of Evolutionary Changes in Brain Size 437
7 4 The Evolution of Brain Region Size 440
741 Changes in Brain Region Complexity and Connections 442
742 Mosaic and Concerted Patterns of Brain Evolution 444
7 5 Changes in the Basic Plan of Vertebrate Brains 449
751 Adding Divisions to the Brain Bauplan 450
7511 Evolution of a Proper Cerebellum 451
7512 Evolution of a Dorsal Pallium 452
752 Evolutionary Changes in Brain Circuitry 459
7 6 Conclusion: Natural History Through Time 463
References 465
Appendix: Evolution of the Cranial Nerves 473
A l The Segmental Paradigm 473
A 2 Six Groups of Cranial Nerves 478
A21 The Olfactory Group 478
A22 Central Nervous System Tracts 479
A23 The Oculomotor Series 481
A24 The Branchiomeric Series 482
A241 Trigeminal Nerve 484
A242 Facial Nerve 484
A243 Glossopharyngeal Nerve 485
A244 Vagal Nerve 485
A25 The Octavolateral Series 485
A251 Octaval Nerve 486
A252 Lateral Line Nerves 487
A26 The Occipital Group 487
A261 Spinal Accessory Nerve 488
A262 Hypoglossal Nerve 489
A 3 Evolutionary Transformations of the Cranial Nerves 490
A31 The Origin of Vertebrates 490
A32 The Origin ofGnathostomes 492
A33 The Origin of Tetrapods 493
A 4 Conclusions 494
Index 501
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:42:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780195125689 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Striedter, Georg F. 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)133324605 aut Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates Georg F. Striedter and R. Glenn Northcutt New York, NY, United States of America Oxford University Press [2020] xv, 523 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Much is conserved in vertebrate evolution, but significant changes in the nervous system occurred at the origin of vertebrates and in most of the major vertebrate lineages. This book examines these innovations and relates them to evolutionary changes in other organ systems, animal behavior, and ecological conditions at the time. The resulting perspective clarifies what makes the major vertebrate lineages unique and helps explain their varying degrees of ecological success. One of the book's major conclusions is that vertebrate nervous systems are more diverse than commonly assumed, at least among neurobiologists. Examples of important innovations include not only the emergence of novel brain regions, such as the cerebellum and neocortex, but also major changes in neuronal circuitry and functional organization. A second major conclusion is that many of the apparent similarities in vertebrate nervous systems resulted from convergent evolution, rather than inheritance from a common ancestor. For example, brain size and complexity increased numerous times, in many vertebrate lineages. In conjunction with these changes, olfactory inputs to the telencephalic pallium were reduced in several different lineages, and this reduction was associated with the emergence of pallial regions that process non-olfactory sensory inputs. These conclusions cast doubt on the widely held assumption that all vertebrate nervous systems are built according to a single, common plan. Instead, the book encourages readers to view both species similarities and differences as fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of nervous systems. Evolution; Phylogeny; Neuroscience; Neurobiology; Neuroanatomy; Functional Morphology; Paleoecology; Homology; Endocast; Brain"-- Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd rswk-swf Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Wirbeltiere (DE-588)4066376-0 gnd rswk-swf Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd rswk-swf Vertebrates / Evolution Brain / Evolution Nervous system / Evolution Wirbeltiere (DE-588)4066376-0 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 s Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 s DE-188 Northcutt, Richard Glenn 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)1047963639 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, uPDF 9780190055462 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 9780190079734 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, oso 9780190081461 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031723946&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Striedter, Georg F. 1962- Northcutt, Richard Glenn 1941- Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Wirbeltiere (DE-588)4066376-0 gnd Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041643-4 (DE-588)4071050-6 (DE-588)4066376-0 (DE-588)4019752-9 |
| title | Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates |
| title_auth | Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates |
| title_exact_search | Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates |
| title_full | Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates Georg F. Striedter and R. Glenn Northcutt |
| title_fullStr | Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates Georg F. Striedter and R. Glenn Northcutt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brains through time a natural history of vertebrates Georg F. Striedter and R. Glenn Northcutt |
| title_short | Brains through time |
| title_sort | brains through time a natural history of vertebrates |
| title_sub | a natural history of vertebrates |
| topic | Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Wirbeltiere (DE-588)4066376-0 gnd Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nervensystem Evolution Wirbeltiere Gehirn |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031723946&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT striedtergeorgf brainsthroughtimeanaturalhistoryofvertebrates AT northcuttrichardglenn brainsthroughtimeanaturalhistoryofvertebrates |