Ivan the Terrible: free to reward & free to punish
Ivan the Terrible is infamous as a sadistic despot responsible for the deaths of thousands of innocent people, particularly during the years of the oprichnina, his state-within-a-state. Ivan was the first ruler in Russian history to use mass terror as a political instrument. However, Ivan's act...
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| Language: | English |
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Pittsburgh, Pa.
University of Pittsburgh Press
[2019]
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| Series: | Pitt series in Russian and East European Studies
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| Online Access: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | Ivan the Terrible is infamous as a sadistic despot responsible for the deaths of thousands of innocent people, particularly during the years of the oprichnina, his state-within-a-state. Ivan was the first ruler in Russian history to use mass terror as a political instrument. However, Ivan's actions cannot be dismissed by attributing the behavior to insanity. Ivan interacted with Muscovite society as both he and Muscovy changed. This interaction needs to be understood in order properly to analyze his motives, achievements, and failures. Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish provides an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of all aspects of Ivan's reign. It presents a new interpretation not only of Ivan's behavior and ideology, but also of Muscovite social and economic history. Charles Halperin shatters the myths surrounding Ivan and reveals a complex ruler who had much in common with his European contemporaries, including Henry the Eighth |
| Physical Description: | xii, 365 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780822945918 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Part I. Muscovy in the sixteenth century -- Part II. Ivan's life from his accession to the oprichnina -- Part III. Muscovy from Ivan's accession to the oprichnina -- Part IV. Ivan and Muscovy during and after the oprichnina | |
| 520 | 3 | |a Ivan the Terrible is infamous as a sadistic despot responsible for the deaths of thousands of innocent people, particularly during the years of the oprichnina, his state-within-a-state. Ivan was the first ruler in Russian history to use mass terror as a political instrument. However, Ivan's actions cannot be dismissed by attributing the behavior to insanity. Ivan interacted with Muscovite society as both he and Muscovy changed. This interaction needs to be understood in order properly to analyze his motives, achievements, and failures. Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish provides an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of all aspects of Ivan's reign. It presents a new interpretation not only of Ivan's behavior and ideology, but also of Muscovite social and economic history. Charles Halperin shatters the myths surrounding Ivan and reveals a complex ruler who had much in common with his European contemporaries, including Henry the Eighth | |
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Contents Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction xi 3 Part I. Muscovy in the Sixteenth Century 1 Muscovy in 1533 15 2 The Young Ivan’s World 29 Part II. Ivan's Life from His Accession to the Oprichnina 3 Ivan’s Minority 37 4 Ivan’s Coronation and First Marriage 43 $ Life at Ivan’s Court 50 6 The Dynastic Crisis of 1553 57 7 The Prehistory of the Oprichnina 63 Part III. Muscovy from Ivan's Accession to the Oprichnina 8 Domestic Political Reform 81 9 Church Reform and Heresy 101 10 Intellectual and Cultural History 117 її The Economy and Economic Management 133 12 Early Foreign Policy A gallery ofimagesfollows page 162 144
IVAN THE TEKRİRLE Part IV. Iran and Muscovy dūrini; and after the Oprichnina 13 The Oprichnina and Its Aftermath, 1564-1584 165 14 The Problem of the Oprichnina 172 iS The Oprichnina in Action 188 16 Ivan’s Ideology, the Oprichnina, and Muscovite Society 209 17 Muscovy, 1572-1584 237 18 Ivan, 1572-1584 243 Conclusion 258 Glossary 265 Notes 267 Index 355
Index Adashev, Aleksei, 59, бо, 76, 86, 87, 154-55; Ivan IV and, 72, 74, 75; Kurbskii and, 70, 71-72; lost favor, 62, 66, 67 Adashev, Fedor, 58, 60 Agapetus, 117-18, 119, 211, 258 Ambassadorial Bureau, 24, 44, 68, 69, 73 197 Anfim, 138,140,141, 229 Anglican Church, 53,103 anti-brigandage, 215; charters, 82-85, 91,186; elders, 55, 83, 84, 85, 92; institutions, 24, 83, 99,197, 265 anti-Semitism, 53,131 appanage princes, 18, 21, 25, 30, 218-19 appanage system, 18,100,174,179,185, 192-—93 247 265 Artemii. See monks: Artemii Assembly of the Land (1566), 55, 71, 152,188, 219; the first, 78, 85-86,198—99; Muscovite, 199, 200; protest, 182,188, 201. See also Council of the Land (1566) associate boyars, 20, 55, 93, 95,167,168, 217, 265; and Royal Council, 19, 49, 218, 266 Astrakhan khanate, 16,17, 46,155,156, 170, 201, 233, 261; conquest of, 53, 143,144,147, 204 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 180,181 Baltic trade, 151,152,157,195, 238 Bashkin, Fedor, no, 112,113 basileus, the, 43-48, 210, 212 Batory (Báthory), Stefan, 69, 74-75, 158,159,170-71,176, 239, 241 Bekbulatovich, Simeon, 170, 243, 245-46, 252; Ivan’s petition to, 73, 180,181, 247 335
IVAN THE TERRIBLE Belarus and Belarusians, 16, 31, 46,131, 156. See also Polotsk (Polatsk) Bel’skii clan: Prince Dmitrii, 66; Prince Ivan, 39, 75; Prince Semen, 32 Book ofDegrees ofImperial Genealogy, 125-26,127,190, 252 Book ofHousehold Management, 48, 133.139-43. 2-33 Book of the Thousand, the, 93-94 Borgia, Cesare, 3, 30, 211, 213 Borgia, Lucrezia, 30, 213 Boris and Gleb, holy martyrs, 53, 62, 192 Boyar Book (1556), 95, 99 boyar clans, 21-22, 49,51, 217-18 boyars, 19-22,52,104,143,194,199; and anti-brigandage, 82-83, 84; and cash, 138,139; and donations to monasteries, 107,138; in debt, 136-37; Elena and, 30, 32; executed, 168, 201, 261; and government, 26, 55,100, 221-22; historians and, 82, 217, 221; Ivan and, 75, 77, 85, 88, 173-74,179-81, 251; Ivan’s letter to the, 167-68; and Ivan’s marriages, 49, 61; Novgorodian, 193,195; and the oprichnina, 175,186,187, 214, 235; peasants and, 225, 227; Peresvetov and, 119,120,121; and rank, 48, 60, 95,140, 216—19, 236; rivalry among, 39, 59; and the Royal Council, 19, 20-21, 93, too, 168, 266; and rule, 82, 83, 85; as slaves, 27, 228; and Staritskii, 191-92; treason and escape of, 58, 59, 66,166, 205, 235; women, 48, 66,121, 232; and young Ivan, 8, 33, 39, 40-41,102. See also Adashev, Aleksei; associate boyars; Bel’skii clan; Fedorov-Cheliadnin, Ivan; “feeding” system; Kurbskii, Prince Andrei; Law Code of 1550; precedence, system bride shows, 48, 248, 249 cadastres, 7,19, 99,137,183, 222, 226-27 Castiglione, Baldassari, 139, 217 Catholicism, 53,114 chancery Russian language, 51, 54, 56, 132 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 40,
75.195. 2I4 charters, 7,134,149, 203, 220, 228; anti-brigandage, 82-85, 88, 186; donation, 94-95,137,140; immunity, 25,106,107-8, 245; judicial, 88-89; land reform, 91, 92, 246; the Magna Carta, 20; and the oprichnina, 183,186; scribes and, 51, 56, 256 Cherkasskaia, Tsaritsa Mariia, 65, 66, 170, 248, 250 Cherkasskii, Prince Mikhail Temriukovich, 55, 69,182, 202-3 Cherniavsky, Michael, 210, 211-15, 259 Chingissids, 46, 99,147,154. See also Bekbulatovich, Simeon Chodkiewicz, Jan, 72, 73,169 Chosen Council, the, 37, 58, 72, 81, 86-87, 88 chronicle, 30, 31, 48, 59, 61,199, 262; and adult Ivan, 41, 44, 57, 66,146, 191, 246, 257; and child Ivan, 32, 38; decrees, 96, 98-99; Livonian, 196; tradition (Moscow), 7,181,183, 184; the Nikon, 7—8,146, 214; the
INDEX Novgorod, 194; short, 206, 252; in Slavonic, 51; Synodal manuscript, 60, 61,178; and Tsarevich Ivan, 252—53. See also Book ofDegrees ofImperial Genealogy; Illustrated Chronicle Compilation; Muscovite chronicle tradition church councils, 102; (1503), 105; (1550), 64; (1551), 102-9, Hi. 184, 230, 231, 261 Circassians, 65,159 clergy, 229-30, 231 clerks, 140, 219, 220, 223, 226, 231, 265; government, 43, 222. See also state secretaries condottieri, 211, 213 Cossacks, 202, 233, 234; Don, 154, 157,159, 202, 226; Ukrainian, 159; Zaporozhian, 157 Council of One Hundred Chapters (1551), 24, 25,102 Council of Reconciliation, 81, 85-86 Council of the Land (1566), 154-55. See also Assembly of the Land (1566) Crimea khanate, 16,155,157,159, 201—2; khan of, 31, 46, 75 Crimeans, 17, 69,146; burned Moscow, 69,144,149,150,154, 202 Crimean Tatars, 38-39, 71,144 Danzig, 239-40, 247 “Debate with Iosif,” in decrees: Forbidden Years, 225; on Precedence (1556), 96-97, 98; on Service (1556), 98, too Denmark, 106,152,157; kings of, 74, 75,179, 211, 239 35/ Devlet Girei, Khan, 69,170,173, 202, 203, 204; the Gireids, 154 “Discourse of the Valaam WonderWorkers Sergii and German,” 72, 73, in, 119,122-24, 211 Dmitrii of Uglich, Tsarevich (son of Anastasiia), 57, 58, 59, 61, Dmitrii of Uglich, Tsarevich (son of Marita Nagaia), 249-50, 253 Donskoi, Grand Prince Dmitrii, 33, 46-47,146 Dormition (Uspenskii) Cathedral, 43, 105,124,131 Dorpat, 150,160, 196, 242, 253 Dracula, 211; the “Tale of Dracula,” 73,113,118,119; Vlad the Impaler (Tsepesh), 3, 4-5 Dutch, the, 35,157,195 Eisenstein, Sergei,
57,146,151,192, 262 elite clans, 54-55, 95, 96, 217 Elizabeth I, Queen in England, 39, 40, 56, 62,136,193, 213, 259; and Russians, 74,108,152,157, 241, 248; victims of, 128,197 England, 90,106,135,142, 225; King John of, 20; relations with Moscovy, 77,138,149; Russian trade with, 143, 144; and war supplies, 149,151 English, the, 135,153,157,198, 217, 235; Mary Stuart, 193, 213; Mary Tudor, 62,197, 213; Parliament, 20-21,199; Mary Tudor, 62,197, 213; Tudors, 22, 40, 25,103,119,152 Erasmus, 139,113, 213 Erik XIV, King of Sweden, 157,158, 211 Ermolai-Erazm, priest-monk, 119-22 executions, public, 188,197; Red Square, 39,188, 235
З5S IVAN THE TERRIBLE Fedor, Tsarevich, 64, 65,132,170, 240, 247, 249; and appanage, 25, 244; and Irina Godunova, 251, 257 Fedor Ivanovich, Tsar, 41, 87,123, 225. 238, 256 Fedorov-Cheliadnin, Ivan, 41,168-69, 180,189, 200-201, 205, 235 Fedorov, Ivan (Muscovite printer), 72, in, 128 “feeding” system, 92, 99,109, 265 Ferdinand, Holy Roman Emperor, 239, 240 field armies, 21 55, 97,100, 219; Muscovite, 96,156,158, 202, 232, 234 Filipp, Saint Metropolitan, 6, 42,107, 169,184,188-89, 2H շ6ր; vita of, 175,189-90,191 Filofei, 45,125 French, the, 69, 90, 92,157, 235, 237; King Henri III of Valois, 42, 239. See also St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Funikov, Nikita, 76,197 gentry-man, 21, 71, no, 138,140, 231; prince, 218; conciliar, 221, 223 Gerasimov, Dmitrii, 256, 262 Germany, 90,153; Magdeburg Law in, 160; Peasants’ Revolt in, 166, 235, 255 Glinskaia, Elena Vasil’evna, 22, 27, 2-9—33 58 82, 91, 251 Glińskie, the, 32, 44, 75 Glinskii, Prince Mikhail, 30,58,137 Godunov, Boris, 41, 87, 238, 256, 257, 261 Godunova, Irina, 251, 257 Golden Hall murals, 109,130 Golden Horde. SVeJuchid ulus, the Great Menology, the, 106,121,124-25, 252 Grek, Maksim, 42, 59, 87,104,105, no, 113 Griaznoi, Vasilii, 55,175 Habsburg, 153, 235. See also Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Hastings, Mary, 25, 250 Henry VIII, King of England, 38, 40, 48, 70, 235, 241, 248, 252, 259; “terrible,” 168,190, 211, 247; and wives, 65-66, 213 Herberstein, Sigismund von, 29, 31 heresy, 104,105,109-14 historians, 17, 96, юг, 150, 207, 213-15, 218; and Ivan IV, 31, 41, 66, 130,144, 200, 243; and the sack of Novgorod, 194,196; and
sources, 8, 60, 93 holy fools, 101,102,114-16,180, 215; Nikola, 195; Parfenii, 180; Vasilii “the Blessed,” 115 Holy Roman Empire, 151,129. See also Charles V; Ferdinand, Holy Roman Emperor Horsey, Jerome, 64,123, 256 Iaroslav, Grand Prince of Kiev, 150, 182 iconography, 51,130,131 Illustrated Chronicle Compilation, 55, 57, 59, 60,126-27, i47 178 immunity charters. See charters: immunity India, 147-48 Italy, 30, 90,130,145,152, 228; Renaissance, 124, 141, 235
INDEX Iurii Ivanovich, Prince of Dmitrov (Ivan IV’s uncle), 18, 29, 30 Iurii Vasilevich, (Ivan IV’s brother), 27, 29, 60, 64, 65, 66, 88, 248 Ivan III, “the Great,” 16—17,19—20, 46, 193, 241 Ivan IV, Tsar: abdications of, 166-67, 170,178-79, 213, 246; and boyars, 75 77. 85, 88,173-74.179-81, 251; coronation of, 44, 47; death of, 256-57՛, historians and, 31, 41, 66, 130,144, 200, 243, 247; and the Kirillo-Beloozero Monastery, 121, 123; and Kurbskii, 45, 63, 71, 72, 74, 91, 260; marriages of, 49, 61; and memorial lists of victims, 69,171,191,195, 206, 253-33; and Muscovite government, 15, 77,155; and petitioners, 40, 41; and popes, 47, 52 53; portraits of, 4, 262; reign of, 7-9; reputation of, 3-6,11; and Russian Orthodox Church, 174,180, 189, 208, 215, 249; as a writer, 39-40, 52, 75, 246, 258; writings of, 46, 47, 56, 69, 73, 74,180, 213 Ivan IV, wives of: Marfa Sobakina (third), 248; Anna Koltovskaia (fourth), 32,180,181, 249; Anna Vasil’chikova (fifth), 249; Vasilissa Radilova Melent eva (sixth), 249; Mariia Nagaia (seventh), 170, 244, 249. See aho Cherkasskaia, Tsaritsa Mariia; Romanovna-Iur’evna, Tsaritsa Anastasiia Ivan Ivanovich, Tsarevich, 25,132, 192, 244, 246-49, 251, 252; death of, 137, 171,195, 238, 243, 250, 253, 257; special residence for, 64, 65 859 Jagellonika, Katarina, 69,157,158 Jews, 53, 71,113,114,131 Josephans, 104,105, iii, 113,123 Juchid ulus, the, 16, 46, 47,106, 146 Juusten, Paul, 246-47, 256 Karamzin, Nikolai, 6, 39, 64, 260 Karpov, Fedor, state secretary, 27, 73 Kasimov khanate, 147, 204, 245 Kazan khanate, 16,17, 53, 59, 96,137, 156; and art,
131,132; conquest of, 4, 9, 46, 57,143-48,159-60; Kazan History, 119,123,148; and Russian Federation, 11, 261; Tatars, 144,148, 160 Kiev, 16, 46 Kievan (Kyivan) Rus’, 16, 46, 53 Kirillo-Beloozero Monastery, 53,104, 105, 230; Ivan IV’s letter to, 58,102, 121,123,180,181, 244, 246 Klin, 169,195 Kliuchevskii, Vasilii, 7, 258 Kosoi, Feodosii, 105, in-12,113,114, 121,127 Kremlin, 39, 43,50,168; Cathedral of the Annunciation, 105,109,168, 249 Krom, Mikhail, 30, 41 Kruse, Elért, 158,183 Kuchenei. See Cherkasskaia, Tsaritsa Mariia Kurbskii, Prince Andrei, 4, 8, 38, 60, 107,118,146; defected, 68,185; and Filipp, 190; first letter to Ivan, 38, 63, 71-72, 75; handwriting of, 292Ո31; historians and, 205-6, 261; History ofthe Grand Prince ofMoscow by, 39, 70, 86,119, 218, 219, 255; and
;;6o IVAN THE TERRIBLE Ivan, 45, 63, 71, 72, 74, 91, 260; and Ivan’s advisors, 67, 87; Ivan’s first letter to, 31, 33, 58, 76,117,177-78, 211; and Sylvester, 123; and Tsarevich Dmitrii, J9 Kurliatev, Prince Dmitrii, 66-67 majordomo, 20, 22, 40-41,104,167; and household, 23, 24,168, 206, 219 Makarii. See Metropolitan Makarii Makovskii, Daniil, 133-36 Maksim. See Grek, Maksim mass terror, 188,197, 205-7, 2I5! Dan IV and, 166,170,174,176,187, 209-10, 261; and oprichnina, 6, 40, 63, 67, 235, 236, 247; as political instrument, 10,165, 205 merchants, 71,135,140,199, 221; Anfim, 229; English, 74,149,176, 249; German, 161; Ivan IV and, 167,179; Jewish, 131; moneylending, 138-39; Muscovite, 152-54,157,196, 223; Novgorod, 195,196; “select,” 223, 224; and social change, 216, 218, 224-25, 231, 236; trading people, 153, 223-24 Metropolitan Makarii, 37, 43, 44, 60, land grants, 19-20, 93, 99,107, 246; conditional, 90,109,120, 220, 231, 233, 265; Ivan and, 33, 95,160,193 landownersfiip, 134-35,13d, 231. See also monastic landowning; monastic lands Law Code of 1550, 57, 81, 84, 88-91, 102,104,108, n6,134,184; and anti brigandage elders, 84; and bureau people, 23; and contract slavery, 220-21; in effect until 1649, 261; and majordomos, 24; and peasants, 225 literacy, 54-56, 70,132,140,142 Lithuania, Grand Duchy of, 16-18, 21, 86-87, io2 I04 108, 1շ6 1շ8,150, 26, 30, 31, 39,170, 239-40; boyars 191; at coronation, 45, 47, no; dying, fleeing to, 32, 59, m, 112; diplomacy 66; and the Great Menology, 105-6, with, 51-53, 65, 69, 73, 97. See also 121,124-25; and marriages, 46, 48, Polish-
Lithuanian Commonwealth, 49’ 65, 249 the metropolitans, 17, 22, 32, 87,124; Livonia, 16, 92,144,160-62, 240, Metropolitan Afanasii, 125-26, 241 167,189; Metropolitan Aleksei, Livonian War, 4, 52,127,135,149-60, 33; Metropolitan Daniil, 32,108; 174,195; end of, 77,107, 238, 242 Metropolitan Ioasaf, 32, 38,103 Lobanov-Rostovskii, Prince Nikita, Mikhailovich, Tsar Aleksei, 6, 261 59, 60 Mikulinskie princes, 99 Louis XI, King of France, 211, 259 military service, 98-100,120, 123,138, 234, 246; gentry and, 155,174, 220, Machiavelli, Niccolo, 27, 211 237. See ako land grants Magnus (brother of King Fredrick II minstrels, 42,103,180-82, 266 of Denmark), 161,176,183,186,191, Molodi, 170, 203, 204, 205, 243 247, 252 monasteries, 21, 25,102,122,147, 230;
INDEX ;ļ6i donations made to, 33, 94,107, 135—38, 253-54; Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos, 129; Iosifov Monastery, 41,104-5, 230; Ivan IV’s donations to, 50-51, 52, 64; and lay life, 230-31; Kiev Monastery of the Caves, 53; Pskov Monastery of the Caves, 70-71, 254; Most Holy Mother of God Monastery, hi; Novgorod, 195; and the oprichnina, 190; Simonov Monastery, 105; Solovetskii Monastery, 58,104, hi, 134,140,189, 230; St. Nicholas Monastery, 167; Volokolamsk Monastery, 104. See also KirilloBeloozero Monastery; monastic landowning; monastic lands; Trinity-Sergius Monastery monastic landowning, 95,101,102, 77,155; and centralization, 24-25, 26, 28; the elite and, 82,148; and moneylending, 136,152 Muscovite military, 66,130,131, 145-46,156, 234, 239, 241 Muscovite Orthodox Church, 71,125, 176,190, 210 Muscovy Company, the, 128,135,149, 153, 237, 253 musketeers, 120,168,182,194, 219, 226, 234, 236; funding the, 139, 143; and Livonia, 156,158,160; a new social entity, 145, 231-32, 261; and the oprichnina, 69, 201, 208 Muslims, 52, 53,106,120,146,182, 235; Ivan and, 69, 75,156, 245 Muslim Tatars, 17, 57, 71,147, 254 106-7, ni, u3 122 monastic lands, 104,123,189, 230, 231 moneylending, 94, 136-37,138,141-42, 198 Mongol Empire, 16, 46, 210 monks: Akindin, 47; Artemii, no—n, 112,113,114; Fotii, 41-42; Lev Filolog, 105; Zinovii, 42,110-13,114, 123 Monomakh, Vladimir, 46, 47, 48, 131 Moscow: fires, 64, 73, 86,196, 204. See also Kremlin Muromtsev, Vassian, 70-71, 254 Muscovite army, 20, 53, 57,131,170 Muscovite chronicle tradition, 8, 64, 87, 147,178,190, 204, 256 Muscovite
government, 8,19, 20, 46, 117,145,153,160; adult Ivan and, 15, Narva, 143,151,153,196, 224, 238 Nikon Chronicle, 7—8,146, 214 Nil Sorskii, 104,106, hi Nogai Tatars, 16, 31, 55,154,157, 202, 228, 271Ո5 Novgorod, 15,16, 41, 46,174,182, 193,196, 203, 238; annexed, 19,151; chronicles, 184,194; destroyed, 169, 195, 224, 238; gunners, 40; sack of, 115,170,186-87,194,196 Novyi Margarit, 67, 71 Obolenskii Ovchin, Prince Ivan Fedorovich Telepnev, 30, 31 oprichniki, 115,175,185-87, 255; and atrocities, 9, 204, 206, 235; as bodyguards, 168,194; cos turned, 9, 67, 69,177, 208; and gentry, 55,179—80, 201, 222; landowners, 186, 226; lawlessness of, 209, 210,
362 IVAN THE TERRIBLE 236; liquidated, 188, 205; oath of the, 183,185, 214; pseudo-monastic brotherhood of, 173,178; and Staritskii family, 191; the term, 6, 183, 266; unknown number of, 181, 182 oprichnina, the, 94, 98,133,134,135, 200; attempts to explain, 172-78, 181-84; and economic crisis, 127, 133; effects of the, 234-33; establishment of the, 73, 78,168; and mass terror, 6, 40, 63, 67, 236, 247; and Muscovite society, 10—її, 215-34; a pseudo-monastic brotherhood, 94,173,181-83,185-86, 214, 247; the word, 6,172-73, 206, 2 66 Orthodox Christianity, 52, 54, 56, 65, 71. See also Russian Orthodox Church Osor’ina, Iuliianiia Lazarevskaia, 142-43 Ottomans, 4,17, 45, 53, 54, 75, 119,120,154-56,198, 202, 231, 241, 253 Palaiologa, Sophia, 17, 241 Patriarch of Constantinople, 17, 47, 62, 105, 241 peasants, 40, 54, 71, 90, 221, 233; abused and exploited, 103,115,120, 134,135, 225; and cash economy, 139,140; Ermolai-Erazm and, 121-22; Ivan IV and, 179, 204; and priesthood, 229-30; revolt, 166, 235, 255; social change among, 48, 216, 220, 224-27, 234, 236; state, 84, 89, 92; and taxes, 140,141,143, 238; trading, 152, 223-24 Peresvetov, Ivan, 72, 73,119-20,121, 124, 211; pseudonym, 119,180 Persia trade, 147-48 Peter the Great, 39, 44, 47,150,155, 252 Philip II, King of Spain, 44,145, 211, 235, 241, 251, 259; and the church, 45.190 Pimen, Archbishop, 107,169,175, 193 Poland, 16, 65; king of, 74,176, 239-40 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16-17, 27 [3T 157-58. V0· 2-39-4°. 257; army of, 71,156; banned books, 128-29; and Muscovy, 43-44, 52, 68-69, 77 241. 24շ. 245; Sejms, 200; and
trade, 151,153 Polotsk (Polatsk), 46,105, 239; campaign, 191, 234; conquest of, 52, 53,131,156,159,160 popes, 45,106,147, 211, 241; Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja), 211; Ivan and, 47, 52, 53; and Muscovy, 17-18, 52 Possevino, Antonio, 52,171, 241-42, 250-51; writings of, 55, 67, 251 precedence, 98, 266; lawsuits, 97, 98, 186, 218; system, 95-96, 97, 98,118, 218 printing, 4,124,128-29. See also Fedorov, Ivan (Musovite printer) Privy Council (Blizhnaia duma), 19, 87,186 Protestantism, 26,112,114. See also Reformation pseudonyms, 73,119,180 Pskov, 15,16,132,150, 234, 245, 256; Archbishop Leonid, 247;
INDEX Batory and, 159,170-71, 241, 242; chronicle, 252-53; oprichnina and, 115, 196, 224; petitioners, 41; punished, 169,195 Pskov Caves Monastery. See monasteries, Monastery of the Caves Reformation, 54,101,109, iii, 113,179, 218; Counter-, 241 Registry Bureau, 23, 24, 96, 98 Revel (Tallinn, Kolyvan), 157,158,170, 187,198, 262 Riga, 157,158,170,198 Roman Catholic Church, 45, 94,113, 176,185,197, 230 Romanovna-Iur evna, Tsaritsa Anastasiia, 37, 57, 61, 64-65, 251; as Ivan IV’s first wife, 6, 32, 48, 49, 73, 129,170, 248, 250 Romanovs, the, 6, 261 Rostov, 182, 203 Royal Council (Duma), 19—24, 30, 59, 93 96, 202, 218, 266; boyars in, 32, 39, 62,168; and the oprichnina, 186; and reforms, 49, 82, 100 royal household, 23, 64, 96,174, 219, 221, 256; land, 94-95,100; and oprichnina, vj6, T79,182, 206-7 Rus’ Orthodox Church, 17,126. See also Russian Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox Church, 6, 43, 45, 48,53, 94,108,176; iconography, 109-10; and Ivan IV, 174,180,189, 208, 215, 249; Ivan IV and, 57, 71, 77; Josephan, 105,124; and Kazan, 147; and Livonia, 160; and reform, 101—2,109,113—16; schism, 103; 'ձ(Հ] structure of, 143,145,169,185, 216, 229, 230; and writings, 124,139. See also church councils Rzeczpospolita, 27,170. See also Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth saints: St. George, 129,169; St. John Chrysostom, 67, 71; St. Mikhail Klopskii, 51; St. Theodore of Edessä, 115; St. Vladimir, 46, 47, 48, 53,126, 145, 218, 266 Schlichting, Albert, 169,183, 200 scribes, 24, 55, 56,128, 222, 223, 252, 256, 265; and the Book of the Thousand, 94; and the Court Quire, 95; and the oprichnina, 178;
and the “Tale of Dracula,” 118 “Secret of Secrets,” 118,119 Serving princes, 21, 25, 66, 95,100, 219 servitors, 94, 95, 99; gentry, 216, 220, 222 Seymour, Jane, 48, 65-66 Shchelkalovs, Andrei and Dmitrii, 159, 175, 230 246 Sheremeteva, Elena, 250, 252 Shuiskie princes, 32, 39, 61, 75 Shuiskii, Prince Andrei, 32, 38,137 Sibir khanate, 16,151 Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland, 68, 69, 72,157,170, 239; sisters of, 65,157 silver specie, 137,153, 253 Skrynnikov, Ruslan, 76,184, 205, 206, 2-54֊55 Skuratov, Maliuta, 169,175,189-90, 191 slavery, 81, 90-91,133,139, 201, 215, 228-29; limited-contract, 90,135, 138, 221
:Кн IVAN THE TERRIBLE slaves, 56, 71, 73, 74,141; boyars as, 27, and heresy, 101, no; Ivan IV and, 59, 61; captives as, 16,146,160, 201, 72, 74, 75; Kurbskii and, 70, 71-72; 228; and labor, 233, 238; military, 90, and Livonian War, 154-55; loss of 100,120; and religion, 112,121; and favor, 66, 67; not in Moscow, social change, 216, 223, 226, 227-29, 60, 61 236 Synodal manuscript, 60, 61,178 Slavonic language, 51,54, 56, 70,112, 117,132,138,153,196 Tatars, 18,103,126, 202, 205, 234; in Smolensk, 16,194 Kazan, 53,144,147; Muslim, 17,57, Sovereign’s Register (1556), 95, 98 71,147, 254 Spain, 94,109,129,145, 228 Tatarstan, 148,159-60 Spanish, the, 148,195, 235; Inquisition, taxes, 103, 227, 237, 238, 266; collection 113,131,198 of 55, 81, 91, 92, 93,100, 221; exemptions from, 102,107,108,153, “special princes,” 218-19 Staden, Henrich von, 177,182,183, 201, 223, 231, 232; farmers and, 196, 224; 206 “feeding,” 92, 265; Muscovite, 158, Stalin, Joseph, 6,10,184 200; peasants and, 71,122,134,139, 141,143; systems of 24, 25, 26, 89 Staritskaia, Princess Evfrosiniia, 57, 59, 60- 62, 67,166,191,192 Temriuk, Kabarda, 66,156, 203 Staritskie clan, 58, 67 Temriukovich. See Cherkasskii, Prince Mikhail Temriukovich Staritskii, Prince Andrei Ivanovich, 18, 30, 62,193, 221 Time of Troubles, 5-6, 86, 215, 242, Staritskii, Prince Vladimir, 57-59, 262 61-62,161,168,179; appanage, 25, Toporkovs: Dosifei, 105; Vassian, 67 67; murder of, 32, 60, 62,169,188, Trans-Volga Elders, 104,105 191, 205 treasurers, 22, 20, 94, 95, 97,167; state secretaries, 20, 22-24, 51, 84, 98, executed, 198, 201; Nikita
Funikov, 196; definition of, 19 76,197; and royal household, 24, St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 69, 168 166,194,195, 215, 255 Treasury (Kazna), 23,128,166,167, St. Basils: Cathedral, 5,115,130,132, 176,178,195, 253; oprichnina, 203, 192 206 Stroganovs, clan, 135, 224 Trinity-Sergius Monastery, 59, 66,104, Sweden, 106,152,156,157,176, 242; 107,137,167, 245; Artemii and, no, King Charles XII, 44; Vasa dynasty in of 74,152,179 Tsar’s Book, the, 57, 76,123,146; sworn-men, 88, 91 interpolations in, 59, 60, 61 Sylvester, priest, 42, 58, 62, 76, 86, Tver principality, 15, 99,137,169,195, 87,114,126; and Anfim, 140,141; 238
IN DI X Ukrainians, 16,159, 240 “Valaam Discourse.” See “Discourse of the Valaam Wonder-Workers Sergii and German” Vasa dynasty, 74,152,179 Vasilit II, Grand Prince, 18, 33 Vasilit III, Grand Prince, 15,18, 29-31, 33. 47.107.157.194 Viskovatyi, Ivan, 58,103,173,197-98, 199, 203, 217; and heresy, 101, 109—10,112,113 Volotskii, Iosif, 104,105,121,134 Vorontsov, Fedor, 39, 75, 76 Vorotynskii princes, 66, 73, 202, 204, 244 Weber, Max, 22,142,153 Zakhar in-Iur’evy clan, 30, 49, 58, 61 Zinovii Otenskii. See monks: Zinovii ր-------------------Bayerische v Staatsbibliothek München -J |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Halperin, Charles J. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1057686077 |
| author_facet | Halperin, Charles J. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Halperin, Charles J. |
| author_variant | c j h cj cjh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046257175 |
| contents | Part I. Muscovy in the sixteenth century -- Part II. Ivan's life from his accession to the oprichnina -- Part III. Muscovy from Ivan's accession to the oprichnina -- Part IV. Ivan and Muscovy during and after the oprichnina |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1130268539 (DE-599)BVBBV046257175 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV046257175 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T13:01:36Z |
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| isbn | 9780822945918 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xii, 365 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
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| publisher | University of Pittsburgh Press |
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| series2 | Pitt series in Russian and East European Studies |
| spelling | Halperin, Charles J. Verfasser (DE-588)1057686077 aut Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish Charles J. Halperin Free to reward and free to punish Pittsburgh, Pa. University of Pittsburgh Press [2019] © 2019 xii, 365 Seiten, 6 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pitt series in Russian and East European Studies Part I. Muscovy in the sixteenth century -- Part II. Ivan's life from his accession to the oprichnina -- Part III. Muscovy from Ivan's accession to the oprichnina -- Part IV. Ivan and Muscovy during and after the oprichnina Ivan the Terrible is infamous as a sadistic despot responsible for the deaths of thousands of innocent people, particularly during the years of the oprichnina, his state-within-a-state. Ivan was the first ruler in Russian history to use mass terror as a political instrument. However, Ivan's actions cannot be dismissed by attributing the behavior to insanity. Ivan interacted with Muscovite society as both he and Muscovy changed. This interaction needs to be understood in order properly to analyze his motives, achievements, and failures. Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish provides an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of all aspects of Ivan's reign. It presents a new interpretation not only of Ivan's behavior and ideology, but also of Muscovite social and economic history. Charles Halperin shatters the myths surrounding Ivan and reveals a complex ruler who had much in common with his European contemporaries, including Henry the Eighth Iwan IV. Russland, Zar 1530-1584 (DE-588)118556150 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Ivan the Terrible Muscovy Oprichnina Ivan / IV / Czar of Russia / 1530-1584 Russia / Oprichnina Russia / History / 16th century Russia (Federation) 1500-1599 History (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Iwan IV. Russland, Zar 1530-1584 (DE-588)118556150 p Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/8e366008eca749259db15a30d9112945 rezensiert in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas / jgo.e-reviews, JGO 69 (2021), 1, S. 141-144 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031635273&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031635273&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Halperin, Charles J. Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish Part I. Muscovy in the sixteenth century -- Part II. Ivan's life from his accession to the oprichnina -- Part III. Muscovy from Ivan's accession to the oprichnina -- Part IV. Ivan and Muscovy during and after the oprichnina Iwan IV. Russland, Zar 1530-1584 (DE-588)118556150 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118556150 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish |
| title_alt | Free to reward and free to punish |
| title_auth | Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish |
| title_exact_search | Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish |
| title_full | Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish Charles J. Halperin |
| title_fullStr | Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish Charles J. Halperin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ivan the Terrible free to reward & free to punish Charles J. Halperin |
| title_short | Ivan the Terrible |
| title_sort | ivan the terrible free to reward free to punish |
| title_sub | free to reward & free to punish |
| topic | Iwan IV. Russland, Zar 1530-1584 (DE-588)118556150 gnd |
| topic_facet | Iwan IV. Russland, Zar 1530-1584 Russland Biografie |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/8e366008eca749259db15a30d9112945 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031635273&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031635273&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT halperincharlesj ivantheterriblefreetorewardfreetopunish AT halperincharlesj freetorewardandfreetopunish |