Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans: industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia
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London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
I. B. Tauris
2019
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| Item Description: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 263-281 |
| Physical Description: | xv, 312 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Portraits (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 1788314336 9781788314336 |
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| adam_text | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans
Industrialization and Modernity
in Macedonia
Costas Lapavitsas and Pinar Cakiroglu
IBTAURIS
LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • NEW DELHI • SYDNEY
Published in association with the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (BIAA)
Contents
List of Plates viii
List of Illustrations ix
List of Abbreviations xii
Notes on Weights, Measures and Currency xiii
Notes on Transliteration, Spelling and Pronunciation xiv
Notes on Archives xvi
Acknowledgements xvii
1 The emergence of industrial capitalism in Ottoman Macedonia: A
tale to be told 1
1 1 Historical development condensed 1
1 2 The geographical and historical terrain of Macedonia 5
121 Thessaloniki 5
122 Mount Vermion 9
1221 The road to Giannitsa and Edhessa 10
1222 The road to Veroia and Naoussa 13
2 Analysing Ottoman capitalism: Theoretical and empirical resources 19
2 1 Ottoman decline and transformation 19
2 2 State, community and religion in the emergence of Ottoman
capitalism 24
2 3 The broad outlines of textile capitalism in Macedonia 29
2 4 Historical literature and original sources 34
241 The yearbooks of the vilayet of Thessaloniki
(Selanik Vilayet Salnameleri) 37
242 Ottoman archives 40
3 Administrative mechanisms and population changes in the vilayet
of Thessaloniki 43
3 1 Administrative reforms of the Ottoman state in the
nineteenth century 44
3 2 Administrative structures in the vilayet of Thessaloniki
during the era of Tanzimat 49
3 3 Population trends in Macedonia 51
3 4 Ethnic and religious composition of the population 58
4 The straight]acket of çiftlik agriculture in Macedonia 63
4 1 Rise and fall of the timar system 63
4 2 Commercialization of agriculture, spread of tax farming and
rise of çiftlik estates 66
4 3 Ayan and kircali 68
4 4 The disintegration of the vakif of Gazi Evrenos Bey 71
4 5 Agricultural output in the vilayet of Thessaloniki, 1870-1912 76
4 6 Agricultural output in Veroia, Edhessa and Naoussa, 1870-1912 81
4 7 Agrarian relations: The straightjacket of the çiftlik 87
4 8 Muslim and Christian çiftlik holding 90
5 The commercial roots of Ottoman textile capitalism 97
5 1 Merchants and industrial capitalism: Theoretical considerations 97
5 2 Merchants and capitalism in Ottoman Macedonia 104
5 3 Thessaloniki trade grows rapidly until the early 1870s 106
5 4 Fluctuations and growth of trade in Thessaloniki from the
1870s to the 1910s 110
5 5 Trade in the kaza of Veroia and Edhessa 113
5 6 Who were the Naoussa merchants? 116
6 Private industrial capitalism in Ottoman Macedonia 127
6 1 Responding to the import wave 127
6 2 Jewish, Christian and Muslim traders, industrialists and
bankers in Thessaloniki 130
6 3 Emergence of industrial capitalism, 1870-90 138
6 4 Advance of industrialization, 1890-1902 141
6 5 Peak of industrial growth, 1902-12 150
651 Cotton industrialists expand in Mount Vermion and
diversify to Thessaloniki 150
652 Expanding into woollens 153
6 6 The reasons for the ascendancy of the provincial cotton mills 158
6 7 Explaining the dominance of provincial woollen mills 162
6 8 Economics of industrial textile capitalism 165
69A notable and precarious success 172
Contents vii
7 The Ottoman state creates a framework for industrialization 177
7 1 Rediscovering economic intervention 177
72A controlling state encourages private industrial investment,
1870-1902 182
7 3 State and industrialists establish regular relations, 1902-12 191
7 4 An intrusive, authoritarian, bureaucratic and supportive state 200
8 Ascendant industrialists, emerging working class, turbulent
communities 207
8 1 Social and communal parameters of capitalist transformation 209
82A nascent capitalist class in Mount Vermion: Controlling the
community and dealing with the state 217
8 3 The emergence of a working class 227
8 4 The clash of nationalisms 235
9 Precarious capitalism 257
Bibliography
Name Index
Subject Index
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Name Index Abdullah-i İlahi, Şeyh 12,15η. 14,187 tekke 12,15η. 14,187 Abdülhamid, Sultan 134,181-2,191, 254 Abdülmecid I, Sultan 47 Aelian 15n. 14 Aigai 14 Akarli, A. O. 22, 22n. 12, 26n. 27, 30n. 37, 54, 55, 55n. 26, 55n. 27, 56, 56n. 29, 78n. 40, 80n. 43, 8ln. 48, 86n. 59, 91, 91n. 70, Hin. 35,113n. 44, 131n. 16,161n. 96,17ІП. 114 Akdağ, M. 20, 20n. 3 Albania 31,46, 50,69,159 Aleppo 32,169 Alexander, King of Macedonia 5,10 Alexandria 83,115,118 Ali Paşa, Tepedelenli 15 Adatini, family 6-7,118, 131,133, 135-7, 153,165,167, 169,183,185, 204, 226,231,242,258-9 flour mill 6,167,169, 226,231 plant 135 Villa 135 Anastassiadou, M. 5n. 4, 30n. 37, 59n. 30 Anastasopoulos, A. 14n. 13 Angelakis, family 117,134,136,174 Arapitsa 12,15,138,164,196, 224 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 8 Austria 33, 68,109,112,174,186, 226n. 27, 231, 237 Axios ( Vardar) 13 Baer, G. 2In. 8, 30n. 37,116n. 56, 135n. 26 Banque de Salonique 7,131 Barkan, Ö. L. 20n. 2, 63n. 2, 74n. 30 Beirut 5,130 Belgium 33,112 Benaroya, Avraam 233, 242 Bilis, family 149,174,187-9,194, 218-19 Bilis-Tsitsis plant 142-3,161-2,173-4, 190 Bitola (Manastır) 9, 39, 49, 50, 54, 55,112, 114, 115,157, 160, 251,252 Braude, В. 30η. 38, 240η. 77 Braudel, F. 101,101η. 11 Brenner, R. 87n. 62,100-101,100η. 9, 10ІП. 10 Bulgaria 31, 32, 55, 69, 70,70n. 21,119, 127,154-5,159, 163,196, 241, 255 Exarchate 58, 249, 251 language Յո. 1,13, 75, 243,246, 248, 248η. 94, 250 Byres, T. 87-8, 87nn. 62, 63 Cakiroglu, R 36n. 54,44n. 1,78n. 41,163n. 100,170 Constantinople, s ее Istanbul Cousinery, E. M. 15n. 18,17n. 19, 83n. 51, ПЗп.45, 115, 115n. 59, 222n. 18
Dekazos, P. 36, 37n. 55, 91 nn. 70, 72 Demetriades, V. lln. 7,15n. 17,60n. 31, 75n. 33, 86n. 60, 94n. 81,105n. 14 Dimaras, K. T. 238n. 70 Dobb, M. 97-101,156,209-10 Dobb-Sweezy debate 97-101 Drama 49-50, 54-5,128 Drazilovo (Derzhilovo) 193, 243, 243n. 88 Dumont, P. 5n. 4, 30n. 37, 227nn. 30, 31 Durzhilovich, Kiryak (Darzilovitis Kiriakos) 243-9 Edhessa (Vođina) administrative structures 49-51 agrarian relations 90-3 agricultural production 81-6 çiftlik formation 70-3 history and geography 2,9-Ю, 12-14, 31 industrialists and the state 188-96, 204 industrialization 171-174 population 53-61 textile industries 138-9,142-7,151-2, 160-2 trade 113-15 workers and working conditions 228-31 Egnatia, Via (Rumeli Sol Kol) 9,10
284 Name Index Egypt 46, 48n. 10, 74, 83, 107,115,116, 117, 151,166n. 110, 192 Eldem, E. 28n. 34,29, 29n. 36 Eldem, У. 22n. 11, 44n. 1, 55n. 26,86, 86n. 57 Evliya Çelebi 15 Evrenos Bey, Gazi 11, 71-5 Evrenosoğulları, family 11-12, 94 vaktf 15, 71-5, 86η. 60,91-2, 246η. 91 Evrenosoğlu, Ahmed Bey 12, 73-4 Evrenosoğlu, İsa Bey 73 Evrenoszade, Rahmi Bey 11 Faroqhi, S. 20n. 2, 21n. 8,112n. 40, 116n. 56,119n. 62 France 30, 46,48, 51,112,113, 115, 236, 237,241 Genç, M. 28, 28n. 28, 28n. 31, 28n. 32,128 Germany 83,109,113,115,115n.51,151 Giannitsa (Yenice-i Vardar) 2, 9,10-12, 73, 94,147,208 lake 10,12, 253n. 103 Ginio, E. 30n. 37,112n. 40, 116,116n. 58, Göçek, E M. 25,25nn. 17, 21 Gounaris, B. C. 30n. 37, 35, 35n. 52, 77n. 36, 77n. 37, 80n. 45, 8İn. 47, 89n. 67, 91n. 70,130n. 12,131n. 17,141, 141n. 39,141n. 40,146n. 46, 147-8, 147nn. 48, 50, 152n. 64, 158n. 85, 160n. 93,161nn. 95, 97, 173, 181n. 20, 187n. 39, 243n. 87, 250, 250nn. 96, 97,251n. 99 Goûtas, family 117,150-!, 193η. 54 Goutas-Karatzias mill 150,161-2, 173-4,195-6 Great Britain 22, 32,47, 51, 81,106-107, 109,112-14,128-9,136, 139, 141, 149, 161-2, 166,185, 235, 235n. 64, 237, 257,258 Greece 2,6, 14, 33n. 49,35, 36, 46, 50, 56, 85,112, 114,115, 117-18,124-5, 133,138,154,159,163,186,197, 198, 212, 235, 239n. 75, 241, 243, 246, 249,251, 253,253n. 103, 255, 259 industrial development of 139-141 revolution and Greco-Turkish wars 17, 70n. 20,165, 252 Greif, A. 102-3,102n. 103 Giilhane, Imperial Edict of 47 Hadjidimoulas, family 174, 192-3, 217 Hadjilazaros, family 118,133n. 24,134, 136.174.185-7,203-4 Hadjilazaros-Angelakis
plant (ERIA) 155-7,164,173,196-7,199-200, 226 Hadjimalousis, Constantinos 222, 235 Hadjinikolaki, family and mill 148-9,152 Hadziiossif, C. 35, 35n. 52,131n. 15, 140n. 35 Haliacmon (İnce Karasu) 13-14 Hekimoglou, E. 30n. 37, 35, 35n. 52, 13ІПП. 13,17,18, ІЗЗпп.23, 24, 134,149n. 55,153n. 68, 157n. 83, 187n. 40,189n. 46,193n. 52,197n. 65,204n. 79,228,228n. 34, 243n. 86, 254n. 106 Hortiatis (Hortaţ), Mount 6 İnalcık, H. 19n. 1,20,20nn. 2,4, 6,21n. 7, 25n. 17, 28,28n. 29,28n. 30, 35, 39n. 58, 63n. 2, 64nn. 3, 5,7, 8, 66n. 10, 67n. 14, 71n. 23,74nn. 29,31, 93, 93n. 78, 97n. 1,119n. 62, 236n. 65 Issawi, C. R 22n. 11, 23n. 14, 27n. 27, 93n. 75,129n. 9,147, 147n. 47 Istanbul (Constantinople) 2, 5,10,22,28, 31, 34, 39, 45, 83, 94, 108-9, 111, 114-15, 116,130, 138,160, 178, 181.183.185-6,202-4,237,242-3, 255, 258 İzmir (Smyrna) 5,11, 31-2, 111, 130,172 Jackson, M. R. 87n. 61, 91n. 69,93n. 76 Japan 33,175 Kafadar, C. 74n. 31, 236n. 65, Kapanci, family 120,122-3,134-5 Karacaabad/Karacaova 13 Karatzias, family 151,174 Karavaş, S. 186n. 37, 252n. 101,253n. 103 Karpat, К. 20, 20η. 5, 44η. 1, 53η. 21, 241η. 81 Kazazis, family 157 Keletneriye (Kalamaria) 8,198
Name Index Keyder, Ç. 5n. 3, 26nn. 24, 25, 26, 63n. 21, 65n. 8, 97n. 1 Kiel, M. 11, lln.7 Kirdzhali Georgii 70n. 20 Kitromilides, P. 238n. 70 Kofinas, G. 36-7, 37n. 55,228n. 34 Kokkinos, family 92-3,117,151,189, 192-6, 218-20 mill 204-5 Kondylis, P. 238n. 70 Konortas, P. 240n. 77 Krstić, T. 239n. 74 Kyrtsis, family 117,123,134, 144-6, 152-3, 174,189 Lampe, J. R. 87n. 61,91n. 69, 93n. 76 Lanaras, family 117,156-7,174, 198,223 Lapavitsas, C. 37n. 55, 56n. 29, 82n. 50, 161n. 97 Lapavitsas, family 92-3,117,125,151, 172- 4,193-5, 222-3 Lappas, family 117,174,192 Lappas-Hadjidimoulas mill 151,162, 173-4,192-3 Leake, W. 17n. 19,83n. 51,113n. 45,113n. 46 Lenin, V. I. 87-8 Levant 5n. 3, 111 Levant, Company 136 Levy, A. 132n. 20, 214n. 11 Lewis, B. 25n. 17,236n. 66, 241 n. 80 Longos, family 117,140,153, 189-90, 217-19,222 Longos-Kyrtsis-Tourpalis plant 115,118, 134,139-43, 158-62, 173-4, 182-7, 195-6, 200-203,224-5,231,254 Lowry, H. lln. 6, lln. 8, lln. 9, 73nn. 25, 26, 27, 74n. 32, 94n. 80 Lyberatos, A. 25In. 98 Macedonia geography 6,9-17, Plate 2 historical writing on 34-7 industrial capitalism 2-4, 5,10,29-34 Mahmud II, Sultan 44,47, 51,178n. 3 Marx, K. 25, 25n. 19, 97 Marxist analysis of capitalism 25, 30n. 37, 87n. 62,97-100 Mazarakis-Ainian, Constantinos 252-3, 252nn. 101, 102,103 285 Mazower, M. 5n. 4, 30n. 37,136n. 27, 242n. 84 McCarthy, J. 38n. 57, 44n. 1, 52n. 20 McGowan, B. 28,28n. 33,45,45n. 2, 63n. 2, 65n. 8, 212n. 5 Mehmed II, Sultan 72 Mehmed Ali Paşa, Kavalalt 46-7,107,117 Mehmed Emin Abu Lubut Paşa 17 Mehmed Reşad, Sultan 254-5 Merőn, 0.132nn. 19, 21,134n. 25, 153n.
66 Midhat Paşa 48 Mieza (Gardens ofMidas) 15n. 14 Misrachi, family 133-34,153 Modiano, Eli 7 Modiano, family 118,131,133,135-7,167, 204 Moskoff, К. 36, 36η. 53 Mount Vermion (see also several other subject entries) Ağustos Dağ/Karakamen 14 capitalist class 217-27 historical and geographical background 9-17,29-39 modernization and industrialization 2-6,138-50 nationalist conflict 251-5 Mustafa Reşit, Paşa 37, 48 Nakşibendi 12 Naoussa (Ağustos) administrative structures 49-51 agrarian relations 90-4 agricultural production 81-6 çiftlik formation 70-1, 74 forbaci/industrialists 217-23, 235, 252-5, 259 Greek school of 215 history and geography 2-4,10-17, 31-3 in the vakıf of Gazi Evrenos 74 industrialists and the state 182-205 population 53-56,60 textile industries and industrialization 138-74 trade 113-25 workers and working conditions 228-31 North, D. 102,102n. 12 Olympios Giorgakis 70n. 20
286 Name Index Ottoman Bank 7,118,130 Owen, R. 23n. 14 Palairet, M. 23n. 14, 30n. 38, 31, 31n. 43, 35, 44n. 1, 52n. 17, 52n. 19, 55, 55nn. 25, 26, 68n. 16, 69n. 18, 70n. 21, 71n. 22, 91n. 71, 127n. 2, 127n. 3,141n. 39,155, 155n. 76, 158,158n. 86,160n. 92,160n. 94, 166, 167n. 112, 174n. 116, 181, 181n, 21, 260nn. 2,3 Palamiotis, G. 36, 37n. 55 Pamuk, Ş. 23n. 14,26n. 27, 28, 28n. 34, 28n. 35, 33, 33n. 49, 33n. 50,65-6, 65n. 6, 66n. 12, 97n. 1, 107,107n. 15,108n. 20, llOnn. 30, 31,129n. 8, 166n. Ill, 177n. 1 Papademetriou, T. 237n. 69, 239n. 76 Paul, the Apostle 14 Pehlivanos, family 92-3,117,174,197-8, 205 Pehlivanos-Lanaras mill 155-7,173-4,200 Pella 10 Petmezas, S. 70n. 21,80n. 43,85n. 54,85n. 56,122n. 65,127n. 2,128n. 4,212n. 6,213n. 7, 213n. 9, 216n. 14,260n. 2 Philip, King of Macedonia 5,10 Pirenne, H. 99-103, 99n. 7 Poselli, Vitaliano 8 Pouqueville, F. 15n. 18,17n. 19, 83n. 51, 222n. 18 Pushkin, A. 70n. 20 Quataert, D. 5n. 3,19n. 1, 22n. 13,23n. 14, 26nn. 24, 27, 28n. 29, 30nn. 37, 38, 31, 31nn. 40, 41,44, 32n. 45, 35, 35n. 51,46n. 4,47n. 6,51-2, 5ІП.13, 52n. 18,63n. 1, 66n. 10, 91n. 69,107,107nn. 15, 16, llOn. 32, 127n. 1,129n. 10,130n. 11, 141n. 38,149n. 57,154-5,154n. 70, 155nn. 78, 79,159n. 88,161n. 97, I62n. 101, 163,163n. 103, 179n. 10, 180nn. 14,16,227n. 31,228, 228nn. 35, 36, 39,40, 232, 232nn. 48,49, 50, 51, 233n. 56,257n. 1 Romania 55,250,251 Rostow, W. 22, 22n. 11 Rumeli 39,48, 51,74 railways 130,181 vilayet 224-5, 253 Russia capitalist development 33,88,175 imperial and military pressure on Ottomans 23-4,34,46-7,68, 70n. 20,249 Russo-Turkish wars
51,78,110,165,204 Sadat, D. R. 45n. 3, 70n. 21,127n. 2,212n. 4,213n. 8,214n. 10, Saias, family 7,141,158,160,161n. 96 mill 7,141,158,160 Selim, I Sultan 74 Serbia 31,48n. 10,159,163, 241, 255 Serres (SerezISiroz) 49-50,54-5,76,109, 112,114-15,154,171 Skylitzes 1.13,13n. 12 Sossidis, family 118,123,134, 149,194 Sossidis-Faik plant 147-9,161-2,205 Stoianovich, T. 17n. 20, 20n. 6,65n. 7,69n. 19,109,109n. 23, 109n. 24, 109n, 28,117n. 60 Stougiannakis, E. 37, 37n. 55,91n. 72, 119n. 64,141, 141n. 37,187n. 39, 202,202n74 Siileyman, Sultan 74 Svoronos, N. 30n37,109n28, 116n57, 209n2 Sweezy, P. 97-100, 97n. 3, 99n8,103,106, 209-10 Tekkealti 12,187 Thessaloniki (Selanik) historical and geographical background 5-9 Jewish community of 9 modernization 2,4, 6-9 Thrace 2,10,11,69, 159, 182 Torres, family 134, 204 Torres-Misrachi plant 141,158 Tourpalis, family 117,119,134,152,157, 173-4, 195,197-200, 204 Tourpalis-Kazazis plant 157,173-4 Tsakalotos, D. 36-7, 37n. 55 Tsitsis, family 117,151,153,174,187,195, 218-19, 223, 234
Name Index Tsitsis plant 115,144,152,161-162, 173-4,189-90,196n. 62, 204, 229-31,253 Turkey 33, 33n. 49, 35,40,149 ‘in Europe’ 1, 3, Plate 1 Upward, A. 228n. 39,228n. 40, 235, 235n. 64 Véroia (Karaferye) administrative structures 49-51 agrarian relations 90-3 agricultural production 81-6 bishop of 222-3 çiftlik formation 70-3 history and geography 2, 9-14, 31 industrialists and the state 194, 205 industrialization 171-2 manufacturing 128,138-9,150,154 287 population 53-61 textile industries 142,147-9,152,161-2 trade 113-17 workers and working conditions 228, 231 Voras (Kaymakçalan), Mount 13 Wallerstein, I. 25-6, 26n. 22, 26n. 23, 26n. 24, 101, 10ІП. 11 Weber, M. 24-5, 24n. 16, 25n. 17 Wittek, P. 236n. 65 Yaycioglu, A. 45n. 3, 69n. 17, 212n. 5 Yedikule fort (Thessaloniki) 6 mill (Istanbul) 160 Yildirim, O. 21n. 8, 21n. 9, 22n. 10, 116n. 56, 179n. 12, Ypsilantis, Alexandras 70n. 20
Subject Index aba (coarse woollen cloth) 114,153,154, 166, 257 agriculture 3,4, 20,26n. 25,63, 63n. 1 commercialization of 66-70 emergence of capitalism in 43,87-90, 94-5,104 in Macedonia 36,70-1,90-2,104-6 output in Véroia, Edhessa and Naoussa81-7 output in the vilayet of Thessaloniki 76-81 sharecropping 3, 34,69, 76, 86,88, 89-90,93,105,211,260 smallholdings 3,4, 63, 64, 65,86,88, 89, 91, 169,211,234, 260 askeri (social layer) 67-8 ayan (notables) 15, 215, 238 relations with merchants 46, 210-13 rise of and conflict with the Porte 44-7, 45n. 3, 66-9, 69П.17 warlords and çiftlik owners 70, 75, 91, 92n. 74,210-13 Balkan wars 1, 31, 36,150, 241, 255, 262 banking 7, 34,118-19, 123,130-1,132-6, 133n. 24,150, 161n. 96,198, 208, 228,254 Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman) 5, 6-8, 13,13n. 12, 14, 64, 72-3,82, 223, 238, 239n. 76 capitalist class (bourgeoisie) 24,25, 34, 43, 97n. 1, 101,105,153,167,192, 211, 216,218,219-20,261,262 in Mount Vermion 217-27 in Thessaloniki 135-7 capitalist transformation of Ottoman Empire 5, 6,10-11,13 communal and religious aspects 43, 131-7,207-9,214-15 theoretical debate on emergence of capitalism 97-104 Christian (Greek) Ottoman community 27-8, 212-13 ofNaoussa economic activities in Thessaloniki 152-3,157,198-9 educational mechanisms 190,214-15, 223,235 juridical mechanisms 194-5, 223-4 political mechanisms 220-2 relations with the Ottoman state 106, 137,182, 193, 208-9,226-7, 231, 233-5,236n. 65,237-41, 254 role in industrialization 4,207-9,210 of Thessaloniki 8-9,136-7 çiftlik system 20-1,45, 65, 65n. 8, 69,125, 135 and capitalist development
104-6, 210-13,260 çiftlik estates in Macedonia 45,70-1,77, 86-87,86n. 60,91,136,151,171,173, 192,193,198,208,251,253n. 103 Muslim and Christian çiftlik 90-4, 92n. 74 rise of çiftlik estates 66-71 and sharecropping 89-90,93 çorbacı (social layer) 125,173-4,190,193, 198,212, 235, 252,253 and capitalist transformation 217-22 and community control 190, 214-15, 222-5 compared to ayan and kocabaşı 212 and Greek national identity 250-51 internal frictions 193-5,194n. 55,196, 224-6 çuka (fine felt) 178,197 cotton cloth 11, 31,128n. 7,154,161, 166,169, 171 raw 32,128,162,166,169,170-2, 171n. 114 yarn 3, 31,80, 95, 105,115, 119, 139, 141,151,154,157,159,160,
Subject Index 161n. 99,166, 169, 171,171η. 114, 178,190,200, 202 enterprise application procedure 182-5, 188-9,191, 199-200, 201-2, 204, Plate 7 ‘enterprises with concessions’ 180-4, 201, 204, 226, 260 feudalism 25, 64,88 transition to capitalism 97-104 flour mill 6,134, 138,138n. 31, 165,167, 187,197,202, 203, 209, 231, 258 Free Trade Treaty (Convention) of Balta Limam 46, 66-7,106-7,117,128, 177,179 gaytan (braided woollen cloth) 196 gedik certificate 21-2 ‘Great Depression 81,110, llOn. 30, 258 iltizam (tax farming) system 21, 67 malikane (life-time tax farming) 21, 67-8,211 mültezim (tax farmer) 21-2,47 industrial capitalism/industrialization 1-3, 5,6, 10,11,13,15,16, 29-30,137 in cotton spinning 158-62 domestic and rural origins 127-8 economics of industrialization 165-9 in Mount Vermion and Thessaloniki 138-57 predominance of Naoussa capitalists 172-4 responding to imports 129-30 state-led 177-9 and steam power 141,160,167 textile network in Macedonia 165-72 and water power 13,15,114,124,138, 139,140-1,143,144,146,149,160, 168,184,187, 189,192,193, 195, 201, 229 weaknesses of industrial development 174-5, 260 in wool weaving 162-5 Industrial Reform Commission (Islah-t Sanayi Komisyonu) 179,179η. 10, 179η. 12,184 289 IMRO (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation) 251-2, 252n. 100, 254 Italy 31,132-3,161-2, 204, 226,241 Janissaries (yeniçeri) 46, 51, 68,107,257 Jewish Ottoman community educational mechanisms 135,242-3 Francos 132, 242 internal organization 241 n. 11 relations with the Ottoman state 132-3, 135,158,182,207-8 of Thessaloniki 6-9, 27-28,133-5
Askenazy 241 and industrialization 4, 30,132-3, 207-9, 210 Sephardic 30,132-3,242 of Véroia 9 joint-stock enterprises (cartel and oligopoly) 155,162,197,197n. 67, 198,226 kazmir (cashmere) 196,197 kircali (rebels) 68-71, 70n. 20, 238 merchants 1, 3,22, 55, 77, 95,131,135-6, 262 and capitalist development 97-104 commercial correspondence from Naoussa 124-5 from Thessaloniki 199 growth and fluctuations of Thessaloniki trade 106-10 in Macedonia 104-5 Greeks 3-4,17, 106, 109-10 116-23 Jews 8,118-23 Turks 118-23 Ottoman trade protectionism 107, 128-30, 258 relations with ayan 66-8 tariffs and taxes 106-7,177,179,180, 201, 258 trading in Véroia, Edhessa, and Naoussa 113-16 in the transition to capitalism 97-104 millet (official communal organization) 214n. 11,240-1, 240n. 77, 249 ‘Modern Greek Enlightenment’ 238
290 Subject Index money lending 68,75, 86, 90,105,136,193, 211,212,213,216,217 Muslim (Turkish) Ottoman community 27-8, 216 educational mechanisms 240-1 ofNaoussa 16-17 relations with the Ottoman state 136, 250 of Thessaloniki 8֊9,135-6 mütevelli (trustee) of vakıf 15, 72, 75 nationalism Bulgarian 243-9 conflict 243, 248-9, 250,251-5, 253n. 103 Greek 237-8, 243, 249,251, 253n. 103 Jewish (Zionism) 241 -3, 242n. 84 language and religion 236-9 and the ‘Macedonian Question 209, 250n. 96, 253, 255 social underpinnings 249-51 Turkish 240-1, 250 Napoleonic wars 46, Ш9,122 Orthodox Church (Patriarchate) 58, 214n. 11, 223, 237,239-40, 240n. 77, 241n. 79, 243, 248, 250,251 communal power 222-3 juridical role 194-5, 235 provision of education 223, 235 tax collecting 212-13, 237 Ottoman archives 40-1, 59n. 30,118-19, 138n. 31,139, 148-51, 161n. 97, 162, 165n. 106, 165n. 108,183n. 26, 185-200, 201, 225-35 Ottoman Empire emergence of capitalism 1-4, 30n. 37, 29-34, 104, 106,150, 234, 262 communal aspects 27, 33-4, 43, 48-50,104,131-2, 130-7, 200, 207, 209-16,259 religious aspects 27, 33-4, 43,215-16 theoretical analysis 22-9 communities 10,130-7 ‘decline’ 19-24,63 modernity 1-2, 5, 6-9, 9,22n. 11, 22-3, 34,47, 145, 216,218, 220, 240, 255 Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) 83-4,110, 180n. 13, 258 Ottoman state 1, 3,19, 20, 22, 23-4,25, 30, 38, 64,69n. 17, 73n. 26, 155,162-3, 213, 224-5,246,249 administrative reform 39,44-8 and capitalist transformation 27-9, 34, 164-5,260-2 and education 47, 240-1 economic intervention 177-82 fiscalismi 28, 67 fiscal crisis (bankruptcy)
34,110,179-80 infrastructure investment 130,178, 180n. 14,181-2 population censuses 51-3 provisionism 28, 66,116,128 relations with communities 34, 51-3, 106,213-16, 214n. 11 relations with Macedonian capitalists 41, 43, 182-200, 204-5,259 support for private industrialization 180-2 trade protectionism 107,128-30, 258, Plate 8 ‘Ottomanism’ 240-1, 242, 254, 261,262 population 20, 38, 39,43, 74, 75,113,132, 236 estimation problems 39-40, 43-4, 44n. 1, 51-3 size and ethnic mix Edhessa 13, 56-8, 59-61 Giannitsa 11-12 Naoussa 56, 60,74, 215 Thessaloniki 5, 53-7, 58-9,86,172 Véroia 14, 56-57, 59-61 Porte (Sublime) 15n. 16,17,40,41, 50, 72, 132, 165n. 106, 177,186, 237, 239, 240, 240n. 77, 249, 257 conflict with ayan 44-47,66-70, 69n. 17,212-13 railways 39, 56, 112, 115,115n. 54, 130-1, 131n. 14, 146-7,147n. 49,148, 159, 160, 171, 181, 181n. 20, 259 reaya (social layer) 66, 67,215 şayak (woollen doth) 164,166, 257, 259 production method 114,119 production volume 138,138n. 10,139, 154
Subject Index traders become industrial capitalists 122-5, 139, 151,153-7,167-8,174, 184,187, 193,195-8, 202 trading in 113-15,118,138 Tanzimat (reforms) 28, 37n. 56, 41n. 59, 47-8, 47n. 7, 49-51, 76, 92, 182, 220, 222, 240-1, 24In. 79, 242, 257 tevzi (local tax system) 212-13 tımar system 20-1, 72,63-5 iqta and pronoia 64 tımarlı sipahi 63-64 vakıf 71-2,86η. 60,91,216 of Gazi Evrenos 11-12, 71-5, 92η. 74, 246η. 91 vilayet of Bitola (Manastır) İlin. 33,170, 252 of Kosova İlin. 33 law (Teşkil-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi) 220 of Skopjie (Üsküp) 170 of Thessaloniki (Selanik) 5, 5n. 2, 36,41, 71, 75, 86, 108, 138,1 50,154,162n. 100, 169, 179,258, 261 administrative mechanisms 49-51 agricultural output 76-81 çiftlik formation 86-91 ethnic composition 58-60 population 51-8 stagnation of agriculture 85-6 trade 110-13 Vlachs 109,114,149,154, 164,240 voyvoda 15,15n. 16 291 watermill 119, 123, 139,143,185,187 Western Europe advanced capitalist development in 33, 65, 99,101-2,106,108,174 imperialist pressure 23-4 as model 47,177-9, 214 and nationalism 235-42 trading relations with 30,66, 77, 83-4, 116-17,122,129,163,257 wine 15,82,83 91, 111, 113,114,115, 115Ո.51, 118 wool cloth 3, 30-1, 32,92,106,113-14,118, 119, 132,154-7, 163-4,166-7,169, 173,196, 210 weaving 32,119,122, 259 yarn 202 working class (wage labour) 1, 8, 34, 43, 86-7, 90,99,100,135,207, 211, 227, 258, 259, 260, 261 labour organization 159-60,232-5 ‘Poupoulo’ 234-5 Socialist Workers’ Federation 233 in Mount Vermion 136-7, 210,228,234 in Thessaloniki 210,216, 227-8 wage levels 159, 227, 228, 232 working conditions 227-32
Yearbooks of the vilayet of Thessaloniki (,Selanik Vilayet Salnameleri) 36, 37-40, 43, 53-61, 78-85, 111-16,138-71 Young Turks 2,11,134,182,191,199, 208, 226, 231, 232-4, 241,242,249, 254, 261 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lapabitsas, Kōstas 1961- Cakiroglu, Pinar |
| author_GND | (DE-588)152807640 (DE-588)125315256X |
| author_facet | Lapabitsas, Kōstas 1961- Cakiroglu, Pinar |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Lapabitsas, Kōstas 1961- |
| author_variant | k l kl p c pc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046227468 |
| classification_rvk | NW 2370 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1126555086 (DE-599)HEB451446585 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1870-1912 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1870-1912 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Makedonien Landschaft (DE-588)4037159-1 gnd Thessaloniki Region (DE-588)4105237-7 gnd Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Makedonien Landschaft Thessaloniki Region Osmanisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV046227468 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:38:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1788314336 9781788314336 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031606004 |
| oclc_num | 1126555086 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-12 |
| physical | xv, 312 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Portraits (teilweise farbig) |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | I. B. Tauris |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Lapabitsas, Kōstas 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)152807640 aut Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia Costas Lapavitsas and Pinar Cakiroglu London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney I. B. Tauris 2019 xv, 312 Seiten, 8 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Portraits (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 263-281 Geschichte 1870-1912 gnd rswk-swf Industrialisierung (DE-588)4026776-3 gnd rswk-swf Kapitalismus (DE-588)4029577-1 gnd rswk-swf Makedonien Landschaft (DE-588)4037159-1 gnd rswk-swf Thessaloniki Region (DE-588)4105237-7 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf Thessaloniki Region (DE-588)4105237-7 g Industrialisierung (DE-588)4026776-3 s Kapitalismus (DE-588)4029577-1 s Geschichte 1870-1912 z DE-604 Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Makedonien Landschaft (DE-588)4037159-1 g Cakiroglu, Pinar Verfasser (DE-588)125315256X aut 9781788316590 9781788316606 V:DE-603;B:DE-26 application/pdf http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?45144658_toc.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister |
| spellingShingle | Lapabitsas, Kōstas 1961- Cakiroglu, Pinar Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia Industrialisierung (DE-588)4026776-3 gnd Kapitalismus (DE-588)4029577-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026776-3 (DE-588)4029577-1 (DE-588)4037159-1 (DE-588)4105237-7 (DE-588)4075720-1 |
| title | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia |
| title_auth | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia |
| title_exact_search | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia |
| title_full | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia Costas Lapavitsas and Pinar Cakiroglu |
| title_fullStr | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia Costas Lapavitsas and Pinar Cakiroglu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia Costas Lapavitsas and Pinar Cakiroglu |
| title_short | Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans |
| title_sort | capitalism in the ottoman balkans industrialisation and modernity in macedonia |
| title_sub | industrialisation and modernity in Macedonia |
| topic | Industrialisierung (DE-588)4026776-3 gnd Kapitalismus (DE-588)4029577-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Industrialisierung Kapitalismus Makedonien Landschaft Thessaloniki Region Osmanisches Reich |
| url | http://scans.hebis.de/HEBCGI/show.pl?45144658_toc.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031606004&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lapabitsaskostas capitalismintheottomanbalkansindustrialisationandmodernityinmacedonia AT cakiroglupinar capitalismintheottomanbalkansindustrialisationandmodernityinmacedonia |
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