Tito's secret empire: how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Hurst & Company
[2021]
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| Physical Description: | xviii, 433, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Portraits (schwarz-weiß) |
| ISBN: | 9781787383142 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS List ofIllustrations xv I. A COMINTERN AGENT 1. A Star is Born, Pantovčak 1928 3 2. The Siberian Odyssey of a Zagorje Corporal, Omsk 1917 11 3. The Combat Cell, Veliko Trojstvo 1920 23 4. Proletarian Georgijević, Kraljevica 1925 31 5. The Bombing Plot Trial, Zagreb 1928 37 6. Crime and Punishment,Lepoglava 1931 41 7. Queen of Hearts, Vienna 1934 45 8. Oberkrainer Communism, Ljubljana 1934 9. Tlie Light of the Lux, Moscow 1935 51 57 10. Walter in the Communist Underground, Prague 1936 65 11. Comrade Orgsec, Anindol 1937 71 12. The Revolutionaries From Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris 1937 79 13. The Stalinists, Bohinj 1939 85 II. COMMANDER OF A SECRET ARMY 14. T. TIstanbul 1940 93 15. Mickey Mouse in War School, Dubrava 1940 99 16. Neither War Nor Pact, Zagreb 1941 xi 105
CONTENTS 17. A Spy Nest in Dedinje, Belgrade 1941 111 18. The Surrealist Revolutionaries, Fruska Gora 1941 117 19. The Defeat, Uzice 1941 123 20. The Long March, Bihać 1942 131 21. The Bridge of Blood, The Neretva River 1943 137 22. Marshal, Jajce 1943 147 23. Eagle, Bari 1944 153 24. Panther’s Jump, Drvar 1944 159 III. THE SECRET EMPIRE 25. The Purga Archipelago, Vis 1944 167 26. A Rendezvous with Stalin, Moscow 1944 173 27. The Belgrade Operation, Craiova 1944 181 28. Conquering the Balkans, Act 1: Albania, Tirana 1944 187 29. Conquering the Balkans, Act 2: Greece, Thessalonica 1944 191 30. Rome s Stalinists Versus Milan’s Titoists, Milan 1944 195 31. The Castle of Lead, Bleiburg 1945 199 32. Los Cuatro Generales, Toulouse 1945 209 33. Three Timist Evangelists, Trieste 1945 213 34. Plan Maximum, Gramos 1947 219 35. Stalins Historic “Nyet”, Dedinje 1948 227 36. The Excommunication, Bucharest 1948 235 37. Target: Togliatti, Rome 1948 241 38. The Maharaja of the Balkans, London 1954 247 39. L’homme Nikita, Belgrade 1954 255 40. A New Mediterranean Offensive, Suez 1955 261 41. A Psychodrama in Titos White Palace, Belgrade 1955 267 42. A Secret War in the Mediterranean, Algiers 1956 273 43. The Double Conspiracy, Budapest 1956 283 44. The Arsenal of the Mediterranean Revolution, Casablanca 1958 293 45. From Desert to Wilderness, Gold Coast 1961 299 46. The Third World Capital in the Balkans, Belgrade 1961 305 47. Cuba Libre, Brijuni Islands 1962 311 xii
CONTENTS 48. A Defeat in the Himalayas, New Delhi 1962 315 49. Enter the Dragon, Moscow 1964 321 IV. THE BRIJUNI INTERNATIONAL 50. The Emperor Without an Empire, Brijuni Islands 1964-80 329 Notes 363 Index 389 xiii
INDEX Abbas, Ferhat, 280 Abwehr, 140,159 Acronafplia Castle, Nafplio, 210 Adenauer, Konrad, 287 Adriatic Highway, 254 Adžija, Božidar, 76 Aegean Macedonia, 192,222,224 Afghanistan, 295, 305, 309, 337, 359 Agram Honvéd Regiment, 14-17 Agrupación guerrillera Granada (AGG), 212 Agrupación guerrillera de Levante y Aragón (AGLA), 212 Agrupación de Guerrilleros Españoles (AGE), 210 Albania, 47, 51, 60, 96,175,180,186, 189-90,221,353 1939 Italian invasion, 102 1940 Italian invasion of Greece, 106, 191 1941 Tito sends delegates, 102,131, 172,189; foundation ofACP, 189 1942 National Liberation Confer ence, 189 1943 ACP First Land Conference, 189; Partisan Supreme Command established, 172,190 1944 Partisan operations, 157,170, 186,188,192,194; liberation of Tirana, 190 1945 Partisan operations, 199,216; repatriation of Italian POWs, 215 1946 Yugoslavia Friendship Treaty, 221; Stalin urges Yugoslav take over, 221,227, 252,258; parity with Yugoslav dinar announced, 217; Greek Civil War inter vention, 217; anti-communist commando operation, 221; Corfu Channel Incident, 221 1947 British commando operation, 262 1948 Operation Valuable launched, 262; preparation for Operation Lakes, 212, 224; purge of Yugo slav cadres, 262 1953 troop build-up on border, 252 I960 Bucharest Conference, 318-19 1968 Prague Spring, 340 Albanian lek, 217 Alessandrini, Renato, 190,198 Alexander, Harold, 198,199-200,201, 202, 253 Alexander, King of Yugoslavia, 27,46, 63,185 Alexanderplatz, Berlin, 352 389
INDEX Alexandria, Egypt, 216, 293, 302 Algeria, 170,253, 263,278,291, 293-7,302-3,309,336 1944 formation of NOVJ overseas brigades, 198,303 1950 arrival of Spanish cadres, 261 1954 War of Independence begins, 265,273 1955 Philippeville massacre, 274-5; Yugoslavian assistance begins, 266 1956 FLN-France negotiations, 280; abduction of Ben Bella, 280; capture ofAthos, 280-81 1957 Chinese assistance begins, 302-3; Czechoslovakian as sistance begins; 293 capture of Srbija, 293 1958 capture oí Slovenija, 296; de Gaulle’s visit, 296-7 1959 capture oíMakedonija, 296; loan from China to FLN, 303 1961 official Yugoslav recognition of FLN, 309 1962 Évian Accords, 309 1973 Non-Aligned Conference, 359 Alijagić, Alija, 27 Alikhanyan, Gevork, 58 All-Union Communist Party (AUCP), 5, 52,58,196,197,240,258 Államvédelmi Hatóság, 49 Alpine Division Taurinense, 142,188 Andalusia, Spain, 212 Andrej ević-Kun, Dorde, 42,108 Andreotti, Giulio, 356 Andropov, Yuri, 288, 317, 351,359, 360-61 Angleton, James Jesus, 169,216 Anie, Nikola, 185 Anindol, Croatia, 75,76, 82, 83, 97 anti-fascism, 49, 54 bourgeois parties and, 198 390 Comintern and, 34,60,61,68,125 “Death to Fascism”, 122 France and, 46,70 HSS and, 75 Sakun and, 34 Stalin and, 54 Apennine Peninsula, 171,195,197, 198, 236 Apostolski, Mihajlo, 172,189,192 Arab Spring (2011), 302 Ardatov, Russia, 17 Arkhangelsk, Russia, 290 Armenia, 360 Armič, Zdenka, 136 Association of Slovenian Youth, 136 Athens, Greece, 113,153,189,191, 193,194 Athos, 280-81 Attlee, Clement, 204,250 Audisio, Walter, 214 Augustinere, Antun, 149,150,232 Aurès Range, 274
Australia, 350 Austria (1918-) Allied invasion (1945), 199-200 Anschluss (1938), 95,224 Balkan Secretariat in, 5,6,9 Civil War (1934), 49, 59 Communist coup attempt (1919), 27,52 CPY arrests (1928), 10 Finlandization, 229 Frković assassination attempt (1945), 207-8 German language, 13 Gestapo in, 97 Khrushchev-Kennedy Summit (1961), 307, 312 riots (1920), 25,103 SALT-II Agreement (1979), 360 Ständestaat (1934-8), 46,49, 53, 59
INDEX State Treaty (1955), 269 Austria-Hungary (1867-1918),11-17, 53,76 Autonomous Yugoslav Infantry Bri gade, 21 AVH (Államvédelmi Hatóság), 287, 288 Avia aircraft, 265 AVNOJ, 135-6,140,148,150-51, 206,219 AVO (Államrendőrség Államvédelmi Osztálya), 283-4 Ayub Khan, Muhammad, 337 Azerbaijan, 360 Baader, Andreas, 358 Badoglio, Pietro, 197 Bakarie, Vladimir, 76,132,133,151, 170,331 1937 formation of Croatian party, 76 1944 Tito leaves Vis, 173-4; TitoChurchill meeting, 172; ousting ofHebrang, 174-80 1948 meeting with Stalin, 228 1964 definition of credo, 342 1965 economic reform program launched, 333 1968 resignation of Krajačić, 342 1969 appointment of DabčevićKučar, 342-3 1974Jovanka scandal, 348, 349 Bakié, Mitar, 179 Balance Sheet ofthe Soviet Thermidor, The (Pavlovié), 73 Balkan Air Force (BAF), 156-7 Balkan Federation, 221, 227,237 Balkan Pact (1953), 251, 252, 269 Balkan Secretariat, Comintern, 5, 6,9, 51,53,55,60 Balkan Wars (1912-13), 105 Baltic Secretariat, Comintern, 48 Bamako, Mali, 301 Bamiadzidos, Stella, 102,196 Ban Jelačič Square, Zagreb, 32 Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 306 Bandung Conference (1955), 264, 279-80, 300 Banija Division, 139,142 Banovina of Croatia (1939-41), 83, 95 Barcelona, Catalonia, 49, 211 Bari, Italy, 148,153-5,157,163,168, 173,174,215,216 Barontini, Ilio, 215 Bashkir Republic, 147 Batinska Skela, Croatia, 187 Battle ofBatinska Skela (1944), 187 Battle ofBelgrade (1944), 172,183-4, 186,188 Battle of the Bulge (1944-5), 200-201 Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954), 273 Battle ofKhalkhyn Gol (1939), 94 Battle of Knin (1944), 188 Battle of Kursk
(1943), 148,153 Battle of Leningrad (1941-4), 125, 153,209 Battle of Monte Cassino (1944), 153, 195,273 Batde of the Neretva (1943), 138-40, 141,142 Batde of the Sutjeska (1943), 144-5 Baturin, Mikhail Matveyevich, 95-6, 196 Baturin, Yuri Mikhailovich, 96 Bauer, Lucia, 61, 62-3 Bauhaus, 3 Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961), 262, 307, 311,312 Beaverbrook, Max Aitken, 1st Baron, 127 Bebler, Aleš, 106-7 Begovié, Vlajko, 68,70,214 391
INDEX Belgrade, Serbia CPYin, 26,34,74,77, 82 CSCE conference (1977), 350 GRU in, 98 Haile Selassie’s visit (1954), 263 International Brigades congress (1956), 262 Jugoslavenska Express Agencija, 32 Khrushchev’s visit (1955), 259-60, 269-72,283,285,287 liberation of (1944), 172,181, 183-4,188,239 Military Archives, 16 National Museum, 42 New Cemetery, 22 Non-Aligned Conference (1961), 305-10,312,359 Patrice Lumumba Student Dormi tory, 336 Proleter in, 108 student protests (1968), 338-40 Radić assassination (1928), 35 Voss-Rudin in, 48, 72 White Palace, 260,270,346, 348 Beli Dvor, Belgrade, 260,270,346 Belousova, Pelagija see Broz, Pelagija Ben Barka, Mehdi, 301 Ben Bella, Ahmed, 273,275,280-81 Ben Khedda, Ben Youssef, 303, 309 Bergman, Alfred, 48,114 Beria, Lavrentiy, 219, 258,259,260, 269-72,277 Berlin, Germany Blockade (1948-9), 228 Crisis (1961), 324 Wall, 174,306,324 Berlinguer, Enrico, 341, 352,356,357 Bevan, Aneurin, 250 Bianco, Vincenzo “Vittorio”, 195 Bierut, Bolesław, 286 Bihać, Bosnia, 129,135,136,138 392 Bileća, Srpska, 97,101-2 Birendra, King of Nepal, 305, 351 Biroli, Pirzio, 142 Biryuzov, Sergei Semyonovich, 312, 322 Bjelovar, Croatia, 25-6,29, 65 Blackmore, HMS, 163,168 Bled Agreement (1947), 222, 237 Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, 143, 145 Blida, Algeria, 274 Bohemia, 14 Bohinj, Slovenia, 85-9 Böhme, Franz, 125 Boka Kotorska, 98,224 Bolivia, 305 Bologna, Italy, 195 Bobhevik, 21 Bolsheviks, 4-5,10, 52 Civil War (1917-22), 25 Revolution (1905), 103 Revolution (1917), 18-19 Bombing Plot Trial (1928), 38-9 Bonaigua Pass, Spain, 210 Bondarev, Nikita, 58,63,66
Bonomi, Ivanoe, 197 Bor, Serbia, 119 Borba, 9,85, 232,256,257 Bordeaux, France, 213 Borghese, Junio Valerio Scipione, 216, 342 Borojević, Svetozar, 16 Bosanski Petrovac, Bosnia, 154-5 Bosnia Long March (1942), 129,130,136 Operation Fall Schwartz (1943), 141-5 Operation Fall Weiss (1943), 137-40 Operation Rösselsprung (1944), 159-63
INDEX Botićeva Street, Belgrade, 112 Boumédiène, Houari, 275 Bourguiba, Habib, 266,302, 305 Brandt, Willy, 344,346 Brankov, Lazar, 284 Brašić, Miloš “Giant”, 113,120, 126-7 Brazil, 305 Breton, André, 118 Bretton Woods Conference (1944), 263 Breyer, Mirko, 47,48 Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich, 6, 317, 321-2, 344,353 1962 Yugoslavia visit, 311-13 1964 removal of Khrushchev, 322, 325, 329, 330; takes power, 333 1968 meets with Tito, 337-8 1972 Longo requests assistance, 357 1975 Helsinki Accords, 350; devel ops nervous system disorder, 359 1979 SALT-II Agreement, 360; invasion of Afghanistan, 359, 360 1982 death, 361 Brezović, Matija, 38 Brigate Giustizia e Libertà, 171 Brigate Matteotti, 171 Brijuni Islands, Croatia, 12,276 1952 Mountbatten’s visit, 250-51 1955 Khrushchev’s visit, 272 1956 Nasser and Nehru visit, 279-80; Khrushchevs visit, 289, 295 1962 Brezhnevs visit, 311-13 1966 Fourth Plenum, 331, 334-5 1973 Brandts visit, 344-5 1975 Helsinki Accords diplomacy, 351 Brindisi, Italy, 170,174 Brinje, Croatia, 143 Broński-Warszawski, Mieczysław, 24 brotherhood and unity policy, 109,184 Broz, Aleksandar, 111 Broz, Franjo, 12 Broz, Herta, 97, 111 Broz, Hinko, 29 Broz, Jovanka, 251, 346-9, 352,354 Broz, Pelagija, 20,21,24, 29,45, 57 Broz, Stjepan, 29,45 Broz, Terezija, 47 Broz, Žarko, 29,45,60-61, 346 Broz, Zlatica, 29,45 Bucharest, Romania Cominform resolution (1948), 227, 232,239-40,242-4,246,247, 263 International Meeting of Commu nist Parties (I960), 318, 323 Titos visits (1968,1969), 338, 341 Budapest, Hungary, 32,188,283-4 1913 fencing tournament, 15 1919 Soviet Republic, 52
1945 liberation, 283 1956 Revolution, 287-8 1957 Warsaw Pact summit, 293-4, 295 Budisavljević, Jovanka, 251,346-9 Bugarski, Dimitrije, 20-22 Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich, 5, 51, 52, 53,61,69,73 Bukovina, Austria-Hungary, 16 Bulajíc, Veljko, 139 Bulganin, Nikolai Alexandrovich, 260, 271-2,276,290,322 Bulgaria, 181,227,356 Balkan Federation plan, 221,227, 228,237 Battle of Belgrade (1944), 181,184, 186 Comintern in, 23,24,26, 51, 60 Communist Party, 102,191 Danube offensive (1944), 187 Fatherland Front, 181,184,193 393
INDEX Greek Civil War (1946-9), 217 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 191 Operation Fall Schwartz (1943), 142 Prague Spring ( 1968), 340 Tripartite Pact (1940), 106 VMRO, 33,47,63 Yugoslavia, invasion of (1941), 119 Buljkes dinar, 217 Burma, 264 Byelorussia, 113,228,360 Čačak, Serbia, 120,188 Cadogan, Alexander, 214 Cadre Department, Comintern, 58,66 Café Central, Vienna, 49 Cairo, Egypt, 358 Ben Bella in, 274,281 Bourguiba in, 266 Lufthansa hijacking (1977), 358 Non-Aligned Conference (1964), 329-30,359 World War II, 143,148,195 Callaghan, Leonard James, 356 Cambodia, 305,306,309,330,337,351 Campesino (Valentín González), 262 Canada, 32,95,97,143 Cape Verde, 351 Carbonara di Bari, Italy, 171 Carinthia, 68,75,97,180,188, 200, 202,223, 253, 270 Carniola, 75, 85,101 Carrillo, Santiago, 210,211,212 Carter, Jimmy, 360 Casablanca, Morocco, 293 Caserta, Italy, 173,176,200 Castres prison, France, 213 Castro Delgado, Enrique, 262 Castro, Fidel, 311,312 Catalonia, 210-11,212, 262,279 394 Catholicism, 224,232 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 338, 340, 341 Cenkov, Bohemia, 14 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 169,216 Ghanaian coup (1966), 300 Hungarian uprising (1956), 295 Italian fascists, relations with, 244 Kuomintang, relations with, 264 Operation Valuable (1948-9), 262 Suslov, assessment of, 321 Soviet-Yugoslav split (1948), 245 Central Yugoslav Agitation and Propa ganda Bureau, 20 Chaban-Delmas, Jean-Jacques, 214 Chamber of Seven, 76 Charter 77 initiative, 351 Cherkasky, 293 Chernenko, Konstantin, 361 Chetniks, 107,119,120,121,125,135, 140,141 British intelligence on, 143,145 Carinthia,
withdrawal to (1945), 200 executions (1945), 205 Operation Fall Schwartz (1943), 141-2 Operation Fall Weiss (1943), 138, 139 Popovié s assault (1944), 182 Soviet recognition, 127 Uzice conflict (1941), 124 Chiang Kai-shek, 5,264,354 China, Peoples Republic of (1949-), 264,279,295,317-19,353,361 1950 Soviet Treaty, 324 1956 Hundred Flowers Campaign launched, 317 1957 assistance to Algeria begins, 302-3; Moscow Conference, 323, 324
INDEX 1958 Great Leap Forward launched, 317, 326; Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, 318 1959 Tibetan uprising, 319; Soviets cancel nuclear assistance, 323-4; Mao-Khrushchev meeting, 318 1960 Bucharest Conference, 318-19, 323; withdrawal of Soviet experts, 324 1962 Indian War, 319, 324, 329, 330 1964 Lop Nor nuclear test, 324; Suslov-Mao meeting, 325; Zhou visits Moscow, 325-6 1966 Nkrumah’s visit, 300; Cultural Revolution launched, 308, 326, 335,353 1976 death of Mao, 353 1977 Titos visit, 353-5 Chinese Civil War (1927-50), 5,65, 67,84,129,153,215,219 Christian Democracy (Italy), 217,235, 352, 356-7 Christian Democratic Union (Ger many), 358 Churchill, Randolph, 156,159,174-5 Churchill, Winston, 13,121,141,184, 219 1941 Beaverbrook-Stalin meeting, 127-8 1943 Operation Typical, 143; Maclean Mission, 146; Tehran Conference, 150,185 1944 Drvar mission, 156; Drvar raid, 163; meeting with Tito, 168-70,172,173,176; meeting with Stalin, 211 1945 Yalta Conference, 156,178; Alexander-Tito meeting, 199; General Election, 204,216 1951 General Election, 250 1953 Tito’s visit, 252 cigarette smuggling, 334 Çiğli, Turkey, 315 Ciliga, Ante, 73 Cincar Mountain, 136 Cižinski, Josip, see Gorkič, Milan Class Struggle (Cvijić), 54 von Clausewitz, Carl, 66 CLN, 197 CLNAI, 171,197,218 Cohen, Lenard, 345 Colaković, Rodoljub “Roćko”, 41, 56, 73,74,83 1921 Drašković assassination, 42 1931 meets Broz, 42-4 1936 new leadership appointed, 69; execution of Gorkič, 73,74 1937 Marić-Miletić conflict, 80 1941 joins Partisans, 118; Stolice Conference, 123 collectivization, 52,176,238,285, 317 Cologne, Germany,
60 Colombo, Sri Lanka, 359 combat cells, 26 Cominform, 223 Bucharest resolution (1948), 232, 239-40,242-4,246,247,263 founding conference (1947), 223, 235 Comintern, 5-6, 51,61,147-8 Balkan Secretariat, 5, 6, 9, 51, 53, 55, 60, 66,75 Baltic Secretariat, 48 Cadre Department, 58,66 Congress, Fourth (1922), 28-9 Congress, Seventh (1935), 59-60, 66 Congress, Sixth (1928), 5-6,35, 51 Control Commission, 51 CPY, relations with, see under Com munist Party of Yugoslavia dissolution (1943), 148, 211 395
INDEX founding ( 1919), 23 Ispolkom, 4, 28,31, 51. 67, 68, 84 Kraljevica operations (1921), 32 military schools, 65-6 national front policy, 46, 53-5,60, 70,74,84 Partisan Academy, 58,65 Presidium, 51, 53 Spanish Civil War (1936-9), 21,37, 66,67 Commando Martyr Halima, 358 Committee of National Liberation for Northern Italy, 171 Communist Party of Albania, see under Albania Communist Party of Austria, 27, 52, 75,101 Communist Party of Bulgaria, 102,227 Communist Party of Croatia, 54, 55, 131 1937 establishment, 70,72,74, 75-7 1938 CP Y temporary leadership formed, 82 1939 Banovina arrests, 83,97, 101-2 1941 Stolice Conference, 124 1942 purge, 131-4 1944 ousting of Hebrang, 174-80 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, 51,69,70,73,293 Communist Party of France, 46, 69, 223, 239 Communist Party of Germany, 60,61 Communist Party of Great Britain, 53 Communist Party of Greece 1941 Bulgarians establish newKKE, 102,191 1942 establishment ofELAS, 192 1943 establishment of new ELAS divisions, 172 396 1944 Lebanon Agreement, 193; Aegean campaign, 189; liberation ofThessalonica, 172,188, 193; outbreak of Dekemvriana, 189, 191,194,222 1945 Treaty of Varkiza, 222,224, 229; Zachariadis reassumes lead ership, 222 1946 Buljkes dinar introduced, 217 1947 rejection of Varkiza Treaty, 224,229 1948 government offensive, 232-3 1949 Operation Pyrsos, 233 Communist Party of Italy, 31, 51, 55, 60,87,102,196,215 1921 establishment, 31 1927 Cologne congress, 60 1934 declaration on Slovenian status, 75 1940 Fifth Land Conference, 101, 102 1944 arrival of NKVD operatives, 196 1945 expulsion of SIS
liaison, 171; Second Plenum, 236 1947 Cominform conference, 223; occupation of Milan Prefecture Building, 236 1948 Sixth Congress, 237; par liamentary elections, 235,238; Soviet-Yugoslav split, 238-40, 242; Togliatti assassination at tempt, 241-5 1954 Trieste Agreement, 251 1964 Longo becomes leader, 237, 341 1967 training with Stasi begins, 357 1968 Prague Spring, 341 1972 Longo requests Soviet as sistance, 357; Berlinguer becomes leader, 352, 357
INDEX 1973 Berlinguer assassination at tempt, 357 1976 general election, 352 Communist Party of Macedonia, 55 Communist Party of Slovenia, 54-5, 131 1937 establishment, 70,72,74-5 1938 CPY temporary leadership formed, 82 1940 Ljubljana conference, 98; First Land Conference, 101 1941 German invasion, 106-7; Stolice Conference, 124 1942 purge, 131-4; establishment of AVNOJ, 136 Communist Party of Spain, 209-12 Communist Party of Yugoslavia (1919-52) 1920 Second Congress, 26; Con stituent Assembly elections, 26 1926 Third Congress, 26 1928 Pantovčak Conference, 3-9, 26, 34-5,175; Graz arrests, 10, 86; Radić assassination riots, 35, 37-8,46; Bombing Plot Trial, 38-9; Fourth Congress, 26,29, 35,47,60 1932 Gorkič becomes general secre tary, 51, 69 1934 declaration on Slovenian status, 75; Central Commit tee meeting, 53; HQ moved to Prague, 53,69; national front policy launched, 54; Tito elected to Politburo, 56, 57 1935 Tito appointed Comintern representative, 59; mass arrests, 69, 80 1936 KUNMZ conference, 63; mass arrests, 80; April Plenum, 68-9, 72, 80; extraordinary session, 68; new leadership appointed, 69; execution of Gorkič, 73,79 1937 Marić-Miletić conflict, 79-81 1938 Tito forms temporary leader ship, 81-3; Tito-Dimitrov meet ing, 83-4 1939 Bohinj meeting, 85-9; Trebče meeting, 93 1940 Fifth Land Conference, 66-7, 96, 99-101 1941 Tripartite Pact meeting, 105; German invasion, 107; May Conferences, 108; Proleter article, 109-10; armed uprising proclaimed, 113; Tiljak assas sination, 114,115; Kerestinec escape attempt, 114-15; Stolice Conference, 123-4, 127; German
offensive, 124; establishment of regular army, 126-9 1942 Long March begins, 129, 130; purge of Croatian and Slovenian parties, 131-4; establishment of AVNOJ, 135-6; arrival in Bihać, 136 1943 Fall Weiss battles, 137-40, 141, 142; Zagreb negotiations, 140-41; Fall Schwartz battles, 142-5; second session of AVNOJ, 149-50 1944 Operation Bari, 153-8; BAF established, 156-7; German assault, 159-63; transfer to Vis, 163-4,167-8; Tito-Churchill meeting, 168-70,172,173,176; Overseas Brigades formed, 170, 171,198; Stalin-Tito meeting, 179-80,181,182,184; Battle of Belgrade, 172,181,183-4,188; liberation of Thessalonica, 172, 188,193; liberation of Du- 397
INDEX brovnik, 188; Battle of Knin, 188; Vukovar landing attempt, 187 1945 formation of armies, 171-2; Alexander-Tito meeting, 199-200; Rijeka Operation, 202-4; ethnic cleansing cam paigns, 204-7 1946 Tito-Stalin meeting, 221,222 1947 Bled Agreement, 222,237; Cominform conference, 223 1948 Kardelj-Stalin meeting, 222-3,227, 228; split with Soviet Union, 230-32,238-9,242-6; Fifth Congress, 232,255 1949 arrest and death of Hebrang, 246; closure of Greek border, 248 1950 Popovič requests US assis tance, 248 1951 US military assistance begins, 249-50; Zagreb Peace Confer ence, 261 1952 Titos speech on Trieste, 250; Mountbattens visit, 250, 251; Eden’s visit, 251 ; US Sixth Fleet visits Split, 250, 255; Sixth Con gress, 255-6,331 Communist University of the National Minorities of the West, 61,63 Communist Youth International, 33 Conakry, Guinea, 300,301, 330 Congo Peoples Republic (1969-92), 350 Republic of the Congo (1960-71), 305 Constitution 194641,220 1963 332 1974345 Contribution to the Critique ofPolitical Economy, A (Marx), 42 Control Commission, Comintern, 51 398 Conversations with Stalin (Đilas), 258 Copie, Vladimir, 53,67, 68,70, 87,88 copper, 119,276 Coral Sea, USS, 250 Cordon García, Antonio, 209,211, 212 Corpo Forestale dello Stato, 342 Corriere della sera, 243-4 Corse, La, 71-3 Ćosić, Dobriča, 288 Cossacks, 16,18,200,201, 337 da Costa Gomes, Francisco, 351 Craiova, Romania, 174,176,178,180 Crete, 119 Crimea, 125,153, 325 Croatia Banovina (1939-41), 83, 95, 97 Communist Party, see Communist Party of Croatia German invasion (1941), 98,107 Home Guard,
13,14,16,137,140, 142, 200,205 Independent State (1941-5), see Independent State of Croatia Ustashe, see Ustashe Croatian language, 12,143 Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), 29, 47, 75,107,109,150,220 Crosland, Anthony, 355 Cross of Fire, 46 CSCE, 349-50 Cuatro generales, Los, 209—12,237 Cuba, 209,262,307, 311, 319, 359-60 Cultural Revolution (1966-76), 308, 326,334,353 Cunhal, Álvaro, 351 currency, 217 Cvetkovič, Dragiša, 75,95, 98 Cvijić, Duka, 4, 87 Cvijić, Stjepan “Štefek”, 54, 68,70, 87 Cyprus, 51,291, 306
INDEX Czech language, 15 Czechoslovakia, 278, 356 Algerian War (1957-62), 293, 296 Charter 77 initiative, 351 Comintern in, 23, 28, 53,70,73, 147 Communist Party, 51, 69, 70,73, 293 economic reform (1965), 338 Egypt, relations with, 280 German invasion (1939), 95 Hungarian uprising (1956), 289 Operation Velvetta (1948), 265 Prague Spring (1968), 338,340-41 Red Brigades, relations with, 357 Stalins unification plans, 228 Tagüeña in, 212 US nuclear war planning, 249 Yugoslav machine orders, 270 D’Annunzio, Gabriele, 32 Dabčevié-Kučar, Savka, 342-3 Dachau concentration camp, Germany, 222 Daimler-Mercedes, 6,14, 34 Đaković, Đuro, 47, 51, 52 Daladier, Édouard, 95 Dalmatia, 68,71, 98,125,137,148, 180,199,203 Dalmatian Division, 137,138,139, 142,144 Damjanov-Belov, Georgi, 88, 89 Danon, Oskar, 149 Danube river, 15,112,147,183,186, 187 Danube-Black Sea Canal, 147 Dapčević, Petar “Peko”, 126,128,137, 144,183 Dapčević, Vladimir “Vlada”, 118 Dapčević, Vlado, 86,230 Deakin, William, 143,145 Decima Flottiglia MAS, 216 Dedijer, Vladimir, 11, 66,128,256-8, 269 Dedinje District, Belgrade, 112,113, 346 delegational system, 345-6 Demir Kapija, Macedonia, 193 Deng Xiaoping, 323,324, 353, 355 destalinization, 9,274, 316, 323, 329 anti-party group and, 269 China and, 317, 323 Dilas’ essays (1953-4), 256 in Hungary, 283 Khrushchev’s letter to Tito (1954), 260 in Poland, 287 Suslov and, 321, 323 Deutsch, Arnold, 49 Deutscher Herbst (1977), 357-8 Dietrich, Josef Sepp, 200 Dikötter, Frank, 317 Dilas, Milovan, 74,77,135, 255-6 1937 Marić-Miletić conflict, 80 1938 formation of temporary CPY
leadership, 82 1939 Bohinj meeting, 85 1941 Dedinje meeting, 113 1943 Zagreb negotiations, 140,141 1944 Tito leaves Vis, 173; ousting of Hebrang, 180 1948 meeting with Stalin, 223, 227, 228,230; split with Soviet Union, 230,231; Fifth Congress, 255 1952 Sixth Congress, 255-6 1953 essays on destalinization, 256-7 1954 resignation, 257-8; Khrush chev letter, 258,259 1955 NYT interview, 258 1956 imprisonment, 258 Dimitrov, Georgi, 8, 31, 51, 59,72, 95 399
INDEX 1934 becomes head of Comin tern, 61; national front policy launched, 54; meets Tito, 57 1937 OMS purge, 8 1938 Tito forms temporary leader ship, 81; meeting with Tito, 83-4, 85, 87 1940 Fifth Land Conference, 100 1941 Titos Proleter article, 110; German occupation of Greece, 191; pushes for anti-fascist front, 125 1942 establishment of AVNOJ, 135 1944 Fifth Section dispatched to Italy, 195, 197; meets with Lister, 209 1947 Bled Agreement, 222, 237 Djaksembayev, Issay, 20 Dnieper river, 153 Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, 312 Doder, Duško, 356 Dolanc, Stane, 348, 349, 355 Dollfuss, Engelbert, 46, 53 Donskoy Cemetery, Moscow, 87 Draskovic, Milorad, 27,42 Drenova, Serbia, 125 Dresden, Germany, 26,29, 35,47, 60, 74 Dresdner Bank, 358 Drina river, 121,124,128,142,182 Drvar, Bosnia, 136,138,154,156, 159-63,167,251 Dubček, Alexander, 338, 340 Dubrovnik, Croatia, 54,188 Duino, Italy, 202, 216, 217 Dunn, James, 214 Đurišić, Pavle, 142 Durmitor masiff, 142 dysentery, 207 EAM (Ethnikó Apelefih erotiko Métopo), 192,221 400 Eastern Approaches (Maclean), 257 Ebola, 301 economy of Yugoslavia, 176, 238,248, 276,331 central planning, 176, 238, 268,300, 331 German assistance, 344-5 growth, 331,344 reform of, 333, 338 US assistance, 248, 253-4, 271, 311 Ecuador, 305 Eden, Anthony, 145, 251 EDES (Ethnikós Dimokratikós Ellinikós Sýndesmos), 192 Egypt, 148,198,263-5,274-6, 279-80,290-91 1953 Nasser-Tito meeting, 275 1954 house arrest of Naguib, 264-5 1955 Nasser-Tito meeting, 264-5 1956 Nasser-Tito meeting, 275, 279-80; Suez Crisis, 280, 281, 288,290-91,295,302 1958 union with Syria, 302 1961
Nasser-Tito meeting, 302 Non-Aligned Conference, 305 1964 Non-Aligned Conference, 329-30,359 1967 Six-Day War, 330, 337 1968 Tito’s visit, 337 1970 death of Nasser, 330 1973 Sadat-Tito meeting, 344 1975 Sadat’s Yugoslavia visit, 350 1977 Lufthansa hijacking, 358 Eichmann, Adolf, 203 Eisenhower, Dwight David, 173, 201, 249,251,253,290,294-5,302,330 ELAS [Ellinikós Laïkós Apelefiherotikós Stratós), 172,189,192,193, 217, 222,232-3 Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, 251,252, 344
INDEX Emilia-Romagna, Italy, 215 Engineers’ Association, 136 Enigma cipher machine, 143,159 Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, 246, 295 Ensslin, Gudrun, 35В Epirus, Greece, 193,198 Ercoli, Ercole, see Togliatti, Paimiro Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano, 198 Estonia, 94 Ethiopia, 198,215,263,275, 305, 309, 336,337 ethnic cleansing, 202, 204-7 Eurocommunism, 261,341, 352, 355, 356, 357 Évian Accords (1962), 309 Evie, Bosiljka Beba, 47 Eyadema, Gnassingbé, 300 Falange, 46 Fascism, 5, 53 democracy and, 61 in Germany, 46,47, 60, 61 in Italy, 31,32,46,47,148,214,216, 243,244,332,342 in Romania, 95 Stalinism and, 255 in Yugoslavia, 55,108,119 see also anti-fascism fencing, 15 Fiat, 242 Finland, 19,48, 58, 94, 228, 329, 350 Finlandization, 94,228, 229 Fitin, Pavel, 261 Fiume, 32, 85, 93 FLN (Front de libération nationale), 265,266,273-5,280,293,296-7, 309 Florence uprising (1944), 190,198 Florin, Wilhelm, 58 Foča, Herzegovina, 128, 133,136 Ford, Gerald, 350 France Algeria (1830-1962), see under Algeria Ben Barka assassination (1965), 301 Comintern in, 28 communist internments (1939), 210 Communist Party, 46, 69,223, 239 CPY in, 48,49, 55,62,70,72,74, 79, 88,170 Évian Accords (1962), 309 Exposition Internationale (1937), 74 FTP-MOI, 213-14,215 German invasion (1940), 101 Indochina (1887-1954), 239,266, 273 Morocco Protectorate (1907-56), 265-6,276 national front policy in, 46, 95 Normandy landings (1944), 163, 171,198 Operation Boléro-Paprika (1950), 261 Operation Dragoon (1944), 167 Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS), 297, 309 Paris, liberation of (1944), 211-12, 214 Paris Peace
Conference (1947), 216, 223-4,228,229 Resistance, 213,214 Sorbonne, 69,118,123 Spanish guerrillas, in, 210,211,261 Suez Crisis (1956), 275,280, 281, 288, 290, 295,302 Tito’s visit (1956), 274 Toulouse, liberation of (1944), 210 Tunisia (1881-1956), 266, 276,302 Franco, Francisco, 209, 351 Frankopan Tower, Ogulin, 45 Frederica, Queen Consort of Greece, 253 401
INDEX Friuli, 55,75,109,180,186,188,195, 202,215,253 Frković, Mate, 207-8 Frol, Frane, 150 Frunze, Mikhail, 66 Frunze Military Academy, Ryazan, 21, 66-7,215 Fruska Gora, Serbia, 118 FTP-MOI, 213-14,215 Gagarin, Yuri, 307 Gaitskell, Hugh, 355 Galán Rodriguez, Francisco, 262 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 319 Galeb, 253,264, 297, 299, 302 Galicia, 15,16,17 Gandhi, Indira, 306, 337 Gandhi, Mohandas “Mahatma”, 306 Gang of Four, 353, 354 Garibaldi Brigades, 142,171,188, 197, 214,215,237,261 de Gasperi, Alcide, 217, 235,241,242, 251 de Gaulle, Charles, 214,253,296,309 Gavrilović, Milan, 106 Gazi, Franjo, 150 Genoa, Italy, 214,242,244 George VI, King of the United King dom, 251 Georgia, 360 Georgijević, Dimitrije, 20-22,175 German Democratic Republic (1949-90), 59,67,174,277 1953 Uprising, 259 1955 West proclaims Hallstein doctrine, 277 1957 Yugoslav recognition, 330 1961 Berlin Crisis, 324 1967 Stasi training of PCI begins, 357 1976 Conference of Communist Parties, 352 402 German Federal Republic (1949-90), 277,287,324,344-5,346,357-8 German language, 13,15 German Occupied Zones (1945-9), 228-9, 247 German Revolution (1918-19), 27, 52,102 German Reich (1933-45) 1933 Hider becomes chancellor, 46, 48, 53,60,61 1938 Anschluss, 95 1939 invasion of Czechoslovakia, 95; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 94-8,101,102,108,110,111, 127, 191, 210; invasion ofPoland, 94 1940 invasion of France, 101; Tri partite Pact, 105-6 1941 invasion of Yugoslavia, 98; invasion of Crete, 119; arrests of communists, 113; invasion of Soviet Union, 108, 111, 113; oc cupation of Athens, 113; pacifica tion of Serbia,
119,124-9; sieges ofFeningrad and Sevastopol begin, 125 1942 Operation Saturn, 128; Hitler orders destruction of Partisans, 136 1943 Operation Fall Weiss, 137-40, 141, 142; Zagreb negotiations, 140-41; Operation Fall Schwartz, 141-5; Batde of Kursk, 148,153; Operation Istria, 148, 203 1944 Battle of Monte Cassino, 153,195,273; Operation Rös selsprung, 159-63,167; Nor mandy landings, 163,171,198; Operation Bagration, 163; Battle of Batinska Skela, 187; Batde of Belgrade, 172,181,183-4,186,
INDEX 188; Soviet offensive, 186, 187; Battle of Knin, 188; withdrawal from Balkans, 188; Ardennes Counteroffensive, 200-201 1945 Operation Spring Awaken ing, 200; retreat to Austria, 200; Rijeka Operation, 202-4 Gerő, Ernő, 147,284,285,287,288 Gestapo, 86,97,112 Ghana, 300, 305,309, 330 Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe, 338 Gierek, Edward, 344 Ginsberg, Samuel, 7 Gioia del Colle, Italy, 315 Glaise von Horstenau, Edmund, 140 Glasgow, HMS, 250 Glavnj аса prison, Belgrade, 114 GLAVPU, 322 Glemp, Jozef, 352 Glen, Berta, 53 Gligorov, Kiro, 333 Globočnik, Odilo, 203 Gnassingbé, Faure, 300 Godec, Tomaž, 85 Goebbels, Joseph, 134 Golf submarines, 324-5 Goli Otok Island, Croatia, 76, 83, 86, 232,246,256 Golubić, Mustafa, 70,112,134 Gomułka, Władysław, 259, 286,289, 295 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 361 Gorgopotamos river, 192 Gorizia, 31,253 Gorkič, Milan, 48,51,52, 53, 55-6 April Plenum (1936), 68, 69 Corse operation (1936), 70,71-3 execution (1937), 73,79, 87 Gorky, Maxim, 53 Gorshkov, Georgyevich, 187 Gošnjak, Ivan, 256, 322 Gottwald, Klement, 147 GPU [gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie), 5,7, 8, 26,45, 59,107 Gramos Mountain, 216 Gramsci, Antonio, 47,243 Gravina di Puglia, Italy, 171 Graz, Austria, 10, 86 Grbič, Darjana, 347,349 Great Depression (1929-39), 46 Great Leap Forward (1958-62), 317, 326 Great Purge (1935-8), 8,33, 53, 59, 61-2, 339 Greece, 23, 51, 60,96,102,192, 246, 265, 268 1936 establishment of Metaxas government, 191 1940 Italian invasion, 106,191 1941 German invasion, 109,113, 119,126,191-2; Bulgarians establish new KKE, 102,191 1942 arrival of SOE, 192; establish ment of
ELAS, 192 1943 establishment of new ELAS divisions, 172 1944 Soviet Operation Bari, 157; Lebanon Agreement, 193; NOVJ begins operations, 157,170,186; Aegean campaign, 189; German withdrawal, 181,188; liberation ofThessalonica, 172,188,193; outbreak of Dekemvriana, 189, 191,194,222 1945 NOVJ operations, 199; Treaty of Varkiza, 222, 224,229; Zachariadis resumes KKE leadership, 222 1946 Buljkes dinar introduced, 217; outbreak of Civil War, 109,217, 221-2 1947 KKE rejects Varkiza Treaty, 403
INDEX 224, 229; Tito prepares Opera tion Lakes, 224,237 1948 government offensive against ELAS, 232-3; Stalin opposes Civil War incitement, 223-4, 228; Tito prepares Operation Lakes, 212 1949 closure of Yugoslav border, 248; Operation Pyrsos, 233 1952 NATO accession, 250, 251 1953 Balkan Pact, 251,252 1954 Titos visit, 253 1975 Titos visit, 350 Gregorič, Pavle “Speedy”, 20,33,43, 76, 82 Grković, Dušan, 34-5 Gromyko, Andrei, 359 Groza-1 radio station, 157,170,195 GRU iglavnoje razvedyvateľnoje upravlenije), 26,102,107 Bari operations, 153,154,170 Belgrade base, 98,112-13 Pavlodar radio, 120,126-7,132 Vrapče safe house raid (1942), 133 Zagreb network, 111,115,133 Grzetič, Ivan, 87 Guevara, Ernesto “Che”, 339 GUGB (Glavnoe upravleniegosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti), 48 Guillaume, Günter, 346 Guinea, 300,301,305,330 Gulags, 62,76, 316 Gustinčič, Dragotin, 75 Haas, Herta, see Broz, Herta Habash, George, 358 Haganah, 265 Haig, Alexander, 358 Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, 215,263,305,309,337 Halifax, Edward Wood, 1st Earl, 214 404 Hallstein, Walter, 277 Haramına, Izidor, 13 Harriman, Averell, 127 Hassan II, King of Morocco, 301,305 Hatzivassiliou, Chrysa, 196 Le Havre, France, 93,94 Hebrang, Andrija, 7,33, 39,41,43,89, 120,132-3,172 1928 Pantovčak Conference, 9,34, 175; arrested in Graz, 10; impris onment 76 1937 conflict with Miletič, 80 1941 release from prison, 111, 133; Kerestinec escape attempt, 114; Stolice Conference, 124 1942 arrest and torture, 133-4,175 1943 second session of AVNOJ, 151 1944 ousting, 41,172,174-80 1946 letter to Kardelj, 230 1948 split with Soviet
Union, 230, 231 1949 arrest and death, 246 Hebrang, Olga, 134 Heimwehr, 46 Helsinki Accords (1975), 349-50,351 Hernandez, Jesús, 261-2 Himmler, Heinrich, 179, 346 History ofthe All-Union Communist Party (Stalin), 87 Hitler, Adolf, 107,113,148,156 1933 becomes chancellor, 46,48, 53, 60,61 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 98, 108,127; invasion of Poland, 94 1942 orders destruction of Yugoslav resistance, 136 1943 Zagreb negotiations, 141; orders elimination of Tito, 148 1944 rejection of Mihailovič propo sition, 186 Hider Youth, 356
INDEX von Hoetzendorf, Franz Conrad, 15 Honner, Franz, 101 Hôpital Varsovia, Toulouse, 216,237, 261 Hopkins, Harry, 150,177 Horthy, Miklós, 284 Horvatin, Kamilo, 56, 87 von Hösslin, Hans, 203 Hotel Lux, Moscow, 57, 61, 69,75, 87, 94,283,286 Hoxha, Enver, 189,190,232,262, 318, 337, 340 HSS (Hrvatska seljačka stranka), 29, 47,75,107,109,150,220 Hua Guofeng, 353, 354,355 Hudomalj, Karel, 68,70 Hungarian Kingdom (1920-46), 284 Hungarian Peoples Republic (194989), 49,259,277,278,283-90 1949 Rajk trial and execution, 285 1953 Nagy becomes prime minister, 259,283 1956 dismissal of Rákosi, 287; reburial of Rajk, 287; Uprising, 147,281,287-90,295 1957 Warsaw Pact summit, 293-4, 295 1968 Prague Spring, 340 Hungarian Second Republic (1946-9), 270, 228, 283 Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919), 23, 25,32, 52,103 Hungarian-Slovak War (1939), 95 Hungarian-Croatian Infantry Regi ment, 14 hunting, 12 Husák, Gustav, 351 Ibárruri, Dolores, 99, 211 Idris, King of Libya, 266 Igalo, Montenegro, 349 Ilič, Ljubomir, 213, 215 Ilirska Bistrica, Slovenia, 203 Independent State of Croatia (19415), 111, 114,117,118,120,128,185 1941 establishment, 98,107,108, 117; Tiljak assassination, 114, 115,120; Serbian offensives, 124, 125 1942 prisoner exchange with Parti sans, 134 1943 Operation Fall Weiss, 137-8, 140; Operation Fall Schwartz, 142,144 1944 Operation Rösselsprung, 162-3; Battle of Batinska Skela, 187; Batde ofBelgrade, 185,186 1945 withdrawal to Carinthia, 200; executions of officers, 205 Independent Workers’ Party, 27 India 1954 Nehru-Tito meeting, 264, 269, 267,268-9 1955 Bandung Conference, 264
1956 Brijuni Conference, 279-80 1961 Non-Aligned Conference, 306, 309 1962 Chinese War, 319,324,329, 330 1968 Titos visit, 337 Indochina, 239, 266, 273,307 Indonesia, 264,306,309,329-30,350 Information and Documentation Service (SID), 207 intercontinental ballistic missiles, 219, 290,296 Interhelpo, 338 Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization ( VMRO), 33,47, 63 International Mercantile Marine Co., 32 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 290 405
INDEX Internationale, The, 113 Iran, 150,151,184,185,268, 295, 337, 344 Iraq, 302 Ireland, 28 Isaković, Antonije, 144 Isonzo river, 186 Ispolkom, Comintern, 4,28, 31, 51 Israel, 265,280,281,290,330,337 Istanbul, Turkey, 95-7,170,196, 250, 253 Istiqlal, 265 Istria, 109,180,184,199,203-4,224, 254 Italian Regency of Carnaro (1919-20), 32 Italian Social Republic (1943-5), 198, 216 Italy 1920 annexation of Fiume, 32 1921 PCI established, 31 1922 accession of Mussolini, 46,47; Comintern appoints plenipoten tiaries, 28 1927 PCI Cologne congress, 60 1934 PCI declaration on Slovenian status, 75 1935 invasion ofEthiopia, 198, 215 1939 invasion of Albania, 102 1940 PCI attend Fifth Land Con ference, 101,102; invasion of Greece, 106,191 1941 invasion of Yugoslavia, 86; occupation of Macedonia, 191; Montenegro offensive, 119,125 1943 Operation Fall Weiss, 137, 139; Operation Fall Schwartz, 142; Armistice of Cassibile, 148, 196; establishment of Social Republic, 198 1944 Soviet Operation Bari, 153-8; 406 arrival of NKVD operatives, 196; Battle of Monte Cassino, 153, 195,273; liberation of Rome, 163; formation of CLN, 197; formation of CLNAI, 197; forma tion ofNOVJ brigades, 171; Flor ence uprising, 190, 198; Bonomi government formed, 197 1945 PCI expel SIS liaison, 171; PCI Second Plenum, 236; libera tion of Genoa, 214; liberation of Milan, 196; killing of Mussolini, 214-15,244 1947 civil war, 217-18; PCI attend Cominform conference, 223,235; PCI occupy Milan Prefecture Building, 236 1948 PCI Sixth Congress, 237; parliamentary elections, 235,238; Soviet-Yugoslav split, 238-40, 242;
closure of Yugoslav border, 261; Togliatti assassination at tempt, 241-5,357 1954 Trieste Agreement, 250-54 1969 Titos visit, 342 1972 general election, 357 1973 Berlinguer assassination at tempt, 357 1976 general election, 352 1978 Moro kidnapping and murder, 356-7, 358 Ivan IV “the Terrible”, Tsar of Russia, 147 Iveković, Mladen, 239,245 IwoJima, USS, 301 J. P. Morgan, 32 Jäger Division, 124,138,142,144 Jajce, Bosnia, 136,138,146,148,150, 345 Jakac, Božidar, 149
INDEX Jakšić, Pavle, 142 James Bond, 59 Janhuba, Rudi, 239 Jankovič, Milorad “Mica”, 148,159-61 Japan, 3,5,94,324,337 Jasenovac concentration camp, Croatia, 108 Javoršek, Marija and Martin, 12 Jelaska, Vieko, 86 Jewish people, 48, 52,76,77,285,287 Jiang Qing, 353 Jilek, Drago, 208 Joliot-Curie, Irène, 196 Jonas, Franz, 342 Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, 15 journeymen, 14 Jovanovič, Arso, 136,179, 232 Jovanovič, Dragoljub, 220, 256 Jugoslavenska Express Agencija, 32 Junta Suprema de Unión Nacional (JSUN), 210 Kabul, Afghanistan, 337, 360 Kabylia, Algeria, 274 Kádár, János, 284,288,290,295 Kadinjača Pass, Serbia, 124 Kajkavian dialect, 12, 55, 85 Kalasyevo, Russia, 17 Kalemegdan Fortress, Belgrade, 105 Kalenica Market, Belgrade, 112 Kamenev, Lev, 52, 59 Kamnik, Slovenia, 14,69 Kang Sheng, 353, 354 Kapital, Das (Marx), 41,123,238, 333 Karađorđević, Alexander, 27,46,63, 185 Karađorđević, Paul, 72,75, 83, 95,105, 185 Karađorđević, Peter, 95,150,169,185 Karađorđevo, Serbia, 343 Karaivanov, Ivan, 58,62,66, 353 Kardelj, Edvard, 56,74,120,177,178, 269,306,331,343-4 1934 Slovenian Regional Commit tee activity, 54, 55, 56 1935 moves to Moscow, 61, 62, 69, 74 1938 formation of temporary CPY leadership, 82 1939 Bohinj meeting, 85 1940 Fifth Land Conference, 99, 100 1941 Kerestinec escape attempt, 114-15; Stolice Conference, 124; establishment of Proletarian Brigade, 127 1942 purge of Croatian and Slo venian parties, 131,132,134; establishment of AVNOJ, 136 1943 second session of AVNOJ, 150,151 1944 German assault, 160,161; ousting of Hebrang, 174,178, 180 1946 letter from
Hebrang, 230 1947 Cominform conference, 223 1948 meeting with Stalin, 222-3, 227, 228; split with Soviet Union, 230, 231; Fifth Congress, 232 1952 Sixth Congress, 256 1963 Constitution, 332 1974 Constitution, 345-6; Jovanka scandal, 348,349 Karelian Isthmus, 94,228 Karl-Marx-Hof complex, Vienna, 53 Katyn Massacre (1940), 205 Kaunda, Kenneth, 330 Kazakhstan, 87 Kazan, Russia, 17 Keightley, Charles, 201 Keitä, Modibo, 301, 305 Kennan, George, 247, 308 407
INDEX Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 307 Kenya, 198, 291 Kerensky, Alexander, 25 Kerestinec Castle, Croatia, 97, 102, 108, 111, 114,117,210 Keynes, John Maynard, 343 KGB (Komitetgosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti), 357,358, 359 Khmer Rouge, 306 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich, 9 1953 death of Stalin, 260 1954 becomes chairman of Politburo, 260; letter to Tito, 258-9, 260, 263,267; meets with Todorovič, 268-9 1955 meets Mićunović, 269; Austri an State Treaty, 269; foundation of Warsaw Pact, 269; Belgrade Declaration, 259-60, 269-72, 283,285,287 1956 secret speech, 285-6; meets with Tito, 276-9,294; Polish crisis, 286-7; Hungarian uprising, 288-90 1957 Warsaw Pact summit, 294; mo tion for removal, 322; ousting of Malenkov, 269; Maos visit, 323 1959 meets with Mao, 318 1960 Bucharest Conference, 318-19; withdrawal of experts from China, 324 1961 Vienna Summit, 307,312; nuclear tests, 308; Non-Aligned Conference, 308, 312; TwentySecond Congress, 316 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, 312-13, 315; Solzhenitsyn debate, 316; meets with Tito, 317 1964 removal from office, 325, 329, 330 Kidrič, Boris, 54, 56,106,256 408 Kilkis, Greece, 193 Kim Il-sung, 309,350 Király, Béla, 288 Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-91), 338 Kirichenko, Alexei, 322 Kirov, Sergei Mironovich, 59 Kislenko, A. A., 154 Klanjec, Croatia, 47 Klinc, Franciska “Beba”, 196 Knaus machine shop, Zagreb, 13 KNOJ, 190,202,204,348 Kocbek, Edvard, 151 Kočevje, Slovenia, 82 Kočevski Rog massacre (1945), 203-4 Köenig, Johanna Anna, 61,62-3 Kohn, Olga, 134 Kolar, Ana, 93 Kolárov, Vasil, 6, 28, 51, 99,100,147, 223 Kolasin, Montenegro,
257 Kolman family, 49 Končar, Rade “Moustache”, 76, 111, 114,120,123,125 Königsberg, 202 Konyev, Ivan, 322 Kopinič, Angela, 102 Kopinič,Josip,70,108, 111, 132 1939 visits Istanbul, 97 1940 moves to Zagreb, 98; Fifth Land Conference, 101,102 1941 German invasion, 108; Ker estinec escape attempt, 114-16; GRU radio installed in Čačak, 120 1942 moves to Slovenia, 102,134 Kopinič, Stella, 134,196 Korea, 219,224,249, 268 Korneyev, Nikolai Vasilyevich, 153-8, 163 Korolev, Sergei Pavlovich, 219,296
INDEX Korski, Ivan, 88 KOS, 207 Kosmajac, Đorđe, 114 Kosovo, 98,188,193 Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich, 337 Koturović, Dimitrij “Cot”, 214 Kovačevič, Nikola, 215, 236 Kovačevič, Sava, 142, 145 Kovačič, Ivan Goran, 145 Kragujevac, Serbia, 124 Kraigher, Boris, 56, 348 Kraigher, Franz, 159 Kraigher, Sergej, 54, 55, 56 Krajačič, Beba, 47 Krajačič, Ivan “Stevo”, 47,150,231,232 1944 establishment of OZNA, 174, 176; ousting of Hebrang, 174, 175,176 1945 instructions on executions, 206 1966 wiretapping scandal, 334 1968 resignation, 342 1971 Mišković brothers sent to Belgrade, 343 1974 Jovanka scandal, 349 Krajina Division, 129,137,138,139, 143,144 Kralj, Franjo, 63 Kralj, Ivan, 70 Kraljevica, Croatia, 6,11, 32-3,76, 82 Kraljevo, Serbia, 120, 188 Kraš, Josip, 82, 85 Kreisky, Bruno, 351 Krestintern, 53 Krivitsky, Walter Germanovich, 7 Krk Island, Croatia, 93,167 Krleža, Miroslav, 232, 255 Krško, Slovenia, 82 Krstulović, Vieko, 71,77,137,138, 139,141,144,148 Kruševac, Serbia, 120 Kübler, Joseph, 203 Kübler, Ludwig, 203 Küçük, Fazıl, 306 Kuhar, Lovro, 68,75, 87 Kulturbund, 121 Kumanovo, Macedonia, 7,33 Kumm, Otto, 159 Kumrovec, Croatia, 11, 12,13, 93 Kun, Béla, 23,25, 32,51,61 Kungur, Russia, 18,19 KUNMZ, ( The Communist University ofthe National Minorities ofthe West), 61, 63 Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, 265 Kuomintang, 5,264, 354 Kupinec, Croatia, 29 Kuršumlija, Serbia, 182 Kusovac, Labud, 86 Kuusinen, Otto, 65, 87, 94 Kuybyshev, Russia, 147 Kvarner Islands, 208, 254 Kvaternik, Slavko, 107 Labinot, Albania, 189 Labour Party (UK), 135,257, 353, 355-6,358 Land Conference, Fifth (1940),
66-7, 96 Laos, 307 Latvia, 48,94 Law on the Protection of the State (1921), 4, 6,24,27 Lazarevič, Vasa, 23-4, 27, 31 Lazzaro, Urbano, 214-15 Le Carré, John, 89 League of Communists of Yugoslavia, see under Yugoslavia, Socialist Fed eral Republic Lebanon agreement (1944), 193 Leclerc, Philippe, 214 Lee, Christopher, 156 409
INDEX Left Front, 61 Left Social Revolutionaries, 25 Legionnaire Division, 144 Leben, Tuure, 65 Lenin, Vladimir, 4,27, 52,129,260, 339 Leningrad, Russia, 18-19,20,125, 153,209 Lepoglava, Croatia, 42-3,97,102,238 Leskošek, Franc “Luka”, 69, 82, 85,124 Liberation Front, Slovenia, 136, 149, 176,178 Liberia 301 Libya, 193, 266, 336 Life, 257 Liguria, Italy, 214 Lika, Croatia, 138,143,162,163,174 Lisca Hill, Slovenia, 82,177 List, Wilhelm, 112 Lister Fórján, Enrique, 67, 209,211, 212,262 literacy, 9, 38,43, 337 Lithuania, 94 Livno, Bosnia, 138 Livorno, Italy, 31 Ljotić, Dimitrije, 119,124,186,200 Ljubičić, Nikola, 348-9,354,355 Ljubljana, Slovenia, 12,101, 199 1934 national front mission, 54-7 1937 creation of Communist Party, 72 1940 Communist Party conference, 98 1947 execution of Kübler, 203 1952 writers’ congress, 255 1980 death of Tito, 12,361 Ljubostinja Monastery, Serbia, 120 locksmithing, 6, 8,13, 34 Löhr, Alexander, 136,137,141,144 Lome, Togo, 300 Lon Noi, 306 410 London, England Overseas Brigade formation (1944), 171 Titos visit (1953), 251-2 Trieste Agreement (1954), 250-51 Yugoslav government-in-exile (1941-5), 124,128,135,140, 148,150,168,175,178-9 Long March (1942), 129,130,136 Longo, Luigi, 198,215, 216, 218,236, 237 1943 escape from Castres prison, 213 1945 liberation of Milan, 196 1947 Cominform conference, 235 1948 Soviet-Yugoslav split 239; Togliatti assassination attempt, 242 1964 becomes secretary of PCI, 237, 341 Lop Nor, Xinjiang, 324 Loveen, Montenegro, 126,127 Lubyanka building, Moscow, 67,73 Lufthansa hijacking ( 1977), 358 Lugano, Switzerland, 334
Lumumba, Patrice, 336 Lusaka, Zambia, 330, 359 Lyon, France, 213 MacArthur, Douglas, 249 Macedonia, 7, 33, 82, 96,188, 224 Bled Agreement (1947), 222,237 Communist Party, 55 Italian occupation (1941-3), 191 Maček, Ivan “Matija”, 118, 176, 197, 231,232 Maček, Vladko, 75,95,98,107,108 Maclean, Fitzroy, 121,150, 168,169, 170,185 1943 meeting with Tito, 145-6 1944 Drvar mission, 155,156,159;
INDEX Churchill-Tito meeting, 168; Battle of Belgrade, 184 1949 publication oíEastern Ap proaches, 257 1951 General Election, 250 Macmillan, Harold, 201 Mačva, Serbia, 124,128 Madagascar, 265 Madrid, Spain, 49,209 Magovac, Božidar, 150 Mahendra, King of Nepal, 305 Majdanpek, Serbia, 276 Makarios, Michael Christodoulou, 306 Makarska, Croatia, 98 Makljen mountain pass, 138,139 Malaya, 291 Malenkov, Georgy, 260, 267,268-9, 289,312 Mali, 301, 305 Malinovsky, Rodion Yakovlevich, 183, 245,322 Malińska, Veselinka, 112,120,121, 131,192 Mališić, Jovan Martinović, 87 Malta, 193,221, 291 von Manstein, Erich, 245 Manuilsky, Dmitry, 8,28,72, 87, 99, 100 Mao Zedong, 129, 279, 302-3, 308, 317-18,323,326,339,343,353 1956 Hundred Flowers Campaign launched, 317 1957 assistance to Algeria begins, 302-3; Moscow Conference, 323 1958 Great Leap Forward launched, 317, 326 1959 meets with Khrushchev, 318 1960 Bucharest Conference, 323 1964 meets with Suslov, 325 1966 Cultural Revolution launched, 308,326,335,353 1976 death, 353 Mao’s Great Famine (Dikötter), 317 Marabini, Andrea “Nido Eritreo”, 195 Maribor, Slovenia, 41,42-3 Marič, Ivan, 68, 80-81,86 Marinko, Miha “Poldi”, 82, 85,124 Markovič, Sima, 4-5, 9,26, 28-9, 34, 86,87 Marmor Sziget, Austria-Hungary, 15, 16 Marokini, Ivo, 38-9 Marseille, France, 213,214 Marshall Plan, 244, 247, 331 Marti, Andre, 99 Martini, Rigoletto, 101,102,196 Martinović, Jovan Mališić, 37-8, 87 Marx, Karl, 41,42,123,238,318,333 Marxism, 52, 77, 318, 343 in Cambodia, 306 in China, 317 Kapital, Das, 41,123,238, 333 social fission theory, 52 Masaryk, Tomáš, 69 Maslarič,
Božidar, 67 Maslov, Colonel, 113 Massola, Umberto, 102 Massu, Jacques, 275 Mates, Leo, 76 Mauretania, 301 Mauser MG 42 machine gun, 220 Mavrak, Antun, 31-2, 87 “Maxim Gorky” train, 18,19,20 Medvedev, Roy, 62 Mein Kampf{Hitler), 243 Meljine, 221 Mendès, Pierre, 266,273,274,302 Mercedes, 351 Mers el-Kebir, Algeria, 293 Messerschmitt 265 Metaxas, Ioannis, 191 Mexico, 67, 261-2 411
INDEX МИВ, 143,145,159 MI6,156,170-71 Mickey Mouse, 99 Mićunović, Veljko, 269, 276, 289 MiG-21 fighters, 313 Mihailov Gavrilov, Ivan “Vancho”, 63 Mihailovič, Dragoljub “Draža”, 135, 145,175,185 1941 German invasion, 107,119; negotiations with Tito, 121-2, 123,124; suspension of Soviet relations, 128 1943 Allied support shelved, 151 1944 Soviet Danube offensive, 186 1946 execution, 220 Mikhaylov, Georgi Dimitrov, see Dimi trov, Georgi Miklós, Béla, 283 Mikoyan, Anastas, 276, 322 Milan, Italy, 195,196,216, 217, 235, 334 Miletič, Pětko, 79-81, 86, 88, 89, 93, 117,118 Milinklade, Bosnia, 144 Miller, James, 171 Miloševič, Slobodan, 336 Milutinovič, Dragoljub, 120,121 Milutinovič, Ivan, 39,113,123,151 Milyutin, Vladimir Pavlovich, 28 Minsk, Byelorussia, 113 Mionica, Serbia, 121 Mišković, Ivan, 343,347,348 Milkovič, Milan, 343 Mitrokhin, Vasili, 357 Mitrovič, Dorde, 63 Mitrovič, Ratko, 120 Mitrovica prison, see Sremska Mitro vica prison Mljet, 221 MNA (.Mouvement national algérien), 274 412 Modesto, Juan, 209,211, 262 Mohamed Naguib, 265 Mohammed V, King of Morocco, 265, 293 Mohammed VI, King of Morocco, 301 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 337,344 Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan, 337 Moldavia, 95,360 Mollet, Guy, 274 Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, 106,212,222,228,268, 276,289 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 94-8,101,102,108,110, 111, 127, 191,210 Mondini, Teresa “Marushka”, 195, 196, 197 Mongolia, 227, 337, 350 Monrovia, Liberia 301 Montenegro, 77, 82 Corse operation (1936), 71 CPY conference (1940), 98 German withdrawal (1944), 188 Italian occupation (1941-3),
119, 125,142 Operation Fall Schwartz (1943), 141-2 Proletarian Brigade, 127 Monzón, Jesús, 196, 210-11 MOPR, 32,47,48 Morava Valley, Serbia, 119, 181, 188 Moro, Aldo, 352, 356-7, 358 Morocco, 211,261,265-6, 276, 293, 301,305,336 Moscatelli, Vincenzo “Cino”, 196 Moscow, Tito in 1935 training in, 57 1938 meeting with Dimitrov, 83-4 1939 post-Bohinj visit, 88-9, 93-5
INDEX 1944 meeting with Stalin, 174,176, 178,179-80,181 1946 meeting with Stalin, 221, 222 1956 meeting with Khrushchev, 276-9 1962 meeting with Khrushchev, 317 1968 meeting with Brezhnev, 337-8 Mostar, Herzegovina, 182 Mountbatten, Louis, 250-51 Mrazović, Karlo, 67 Mrkonjić Grad, Bosnia, 146 Mugoša, Dušan, 102,189 Muk, Adolf, 56,71 Muravyov, Mikhail Artemyevich, 24 Murmansk, Russia, 127 Murphy, Robert, 173,174, 253, 259 Musil fortification, Pula, 203,204 Muslim Brotherhood, 265, 302 Mussolini, Benito, 46,197,198, 214-15,244 Mutual Defense Assistance Program (MDAP), 248 Myers, Edmund, 192 Nad, Kosta, 141 Nagode, Črtomir, 136 Nagy, Imre, 259,283-4,285, 287, 288, 289-90,294 Naples, Italy, 148,171 Narva, Russian Empire, 21 Našice, Croatia, 345 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 264-5,273-4, 275-6,293,296 1953 meets with Tito, 275 1954 house arrest of Naguib, 264-5 1955 meets with Tito, 264-5 1956 meetings with Tito, 275, 279-80; Suez Crisis, 280, 281, 288,290-91 1958 union with Syria, 302 1961 meets with Tito, 302; NonAligned Conference, 305 1964 Non-Aligned Conference, 329 1967 Six-Day War, 330, 337 1968 Tito’s visit, 337 1970 death, 330 National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia, 150,154,162 national front policy, 53-5, 94, 95, 101,107,110,135,220 1934 adoption in France, 46; Lju bljana mission, 54-6 1935 official adoption by Comin tern, 60 1937 creation of Slovenian and Croatian parties, 70,72,74-7, 82-3, 84 1941 Chemik negotiations, 119, 127 1942 purge of Croatian and Slove nian parties, 131-4; formation of Greek resistance, 192; formation of Albanian Liberation Commit tee,
189 1943 formation of AVNOJ, 150-51; formation of CLN, 197 1944 third session of ZAVNOH, 175-7; Stalin-Tito meeting, 179 1945 PCI Second Plenum, 236; Hungarian elections, 283 National Liberation Army of Yugosla via, see Partisans National Liberation Committees (NOO), 184 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organi zation), 248-9,250,251,275,278, 279,358,359 Nazor, Vladimir, 149 Nedić, Milan, 119,124,186, 200 Nehru, Jawaharlal 1954 meets with Tito, 264,269, 267,268-9 413
INDEX 1955 Bandung Conference, 264 1956 Brijuni Conference, 279-80 1961 Non-Aligned Conference, 306, 309 1962 Chinese War, 319,324, 329 Nenni, Pietro, 235,244,278, 352 Nepal, 305, 351 Nerem river, 138-40,141,142,203 Netherlands, 306 Neubacher, Hermann, 141,186,301 New Class, The (Dilas), 258 New Economic Policy (NEP), 52 New Guinea, 306 New Republic, 242-3, 244 New York Times, 258 New York, United States, 208 New Zealand, 350 Newsweek, 1S7 N11-88 Institute, 219 Nikezić, Marko “Four Eyes”, 343 Nikšić, Montenegro, 265 Niš, Serbia, 212 Nixon, Richard, 190 NKOJ, 150,154,162,178,201,220 Nkrumah, Kwame, 300,305, 309,330 NKVD (Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh dyét), 5, 8,37,45, 58, 63,68, 204,331 Belgrade radio station, 111 Bohinj letter (1939), 87, 89 CPY dissolution plan (1937), 73 GUGB established (1934), 48 Italy operations (1944), 195 Mexico operations, 261 OMS arrests (1936), 5 Operation Bari (1944), 154 Prague base, 70 Secchia and, 243 training centers, 66 Zubov arrest (1941), 106 Non-Aligned Movement, 275,279, 300,318-20 414 1961 Belgrade Conference, 305-10, 312,359 1964 Cairo Conference, 329-30, 359 1970 Lusaka Conference, 330,359 1973 Algiers Conference, 359 1976 Colombo Conference, 359 1979 Havana Conference, 359-60 Non-Proliferation Treaty, 324 NOPOJ, 117 Normandy landings (1944), 163,171, 198 Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambo dia, 306,309,330,337,351 North Korea, 309, 341,350 Norway, 28, 354 NOVJ, see Partisans Novosel, Vanda, 47, 82 Novosibirsk, Russia, 337 Novosti, 145 Novotný, Antonín, 338 Novy mir, 316 Nu, U, 264 nuclear weapons, 219, 228, 249, 278, 288,290 1949
Soviet Semipalatinsk test, 246, 295 1950 Sino-Soviet Treaty, 324 1952 US Ivy Mike test, 246,295 1959 Khrushchev-Мао meeting, 318; Soviets cancel assistance to China, 323-4 1961 Soviet tests, 308; US/UK-Soviet deal, 324 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, 312-13, 315; Non-Proliferation Treaty announced, 324 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 329 1964 Chinese Lop Nor test, 324 1977 Giessen army base bomb plot, 357-8
INDEX Nyzhni Novgorod, Russia, 17 Oberkrain, (Gorenjska), Slovenia, 55 Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 169 Ogulin, Croatia, 6,45 Okno, Austria-Hungary, 16 Okučani, Croatia, 134 Old Justice, 136 Olympio, Sylvanus, 300 Olympique Marseille, 273 OMS (Otdel mezhdunarodnoy svyazi), 6-8,26,29,32,33,45,47,48,53, 57 Omsk, Russia, 19, 20,124 Operation Anadyr (1962), 312 Operation Bagration (1944), 163 Operation Barbarossa (1941), 108, 111,125 Operation Boléro-Paprika (1950), 261 Operation Fall Schwartz (1943), 141-5 Operation Fall Weiss (1943), 137-40 Operation Gelignite plan (1945), 167 Operation Istria (1943), 148 Operation Keelhaul (1945-7), 201 Operation Lakes plan (1947-8), 212, 224 Operation Pyrsos (1949), 233 Operation Rösselsprung (1944), 159-63 Operation Saturn (1942), 128 Operation Spring Awakening (1945), 200 Operation Trio (1942), 125,128 Operation Typical (1943), 143 Operation Ultra (1941-5), 143 Operation Valuable (1948-9), 262 Operation Velvetta (1948), 265 Order of Suvorov, 184 Order of the National Hero, 102,118, 198,215,252 Order ofVictory, 170, 260 Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS), 297, 309 OSCE, 349-50 Ostaszewski, Krzysztof, 321 Osvobodilna Fronta, 54 Otočac, Croatia, 134 Oufkir, Mohammad, 301 Owen, David, 355-6 OZNA (Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda), 22,171,202,219 1944 founding of, 174,175,176, 178; Albania operations, 190,198 1945 ethnic cleansing campaigns, 204-7; Italian operations, 215 1946 Mihailovič execution, 220; Vergarola docks bombing, 217 1948 split with Soviet Union, 231-2 Ozren Mountain, 107,186 Pajetta, Giancarlo, 218 Pakistan, 295, 337
Palestine, 265, 358 Pallante, Antonio, 242-3 Pannonian Valley, 140,171,187 Panther Group, 160 Pantovčak, Zagreb, 3 Pap, Pavle “Goofy”, 114,120 Paris, France CPY in, 48,49,55,62,70,72,74, 79,88 Exposition Internationale (1937), 74 liberation of (1944), 211-12,214 Peace Conference (1947), 216, 223-4,228,229 Sorbonne, 69,118,123 Titos visit (1956), 274 Paris soir, 118 Parović, Blagoje, 53, 56 Partisan Academy, Comintern, 58,65 Partisans, 67, 117, 118,120-22 415
INDEX 1941 German offensive, 123-9 1942 Long March begins, 129,130; prisoner exchange, 134; establish ment of AVNOJ, 135-6; arrival in Bihać, 136 1943 Fall Weiss battles, 137-40; Zagreb negotiations, 140-41; Fall Schwartz battles, 141-5; second session of AVNOJ, 149 1944 Operation Bari, 153-8; BAF established, 156-7; German assault, 159-63; transfer to Vis, 163-4,167-8; Popovié ap pointed commander, 182; TitoChurchill meeting, 168-70, 172, 173, 176; Overseas Brigades formed, 170,171,198; StalinTito meeting, 179-80,181,182, 184; Batde of Belgrade, 172,181, 183-4; liberation oflhessalonica, 172,188,193; liberation ofDubrovnik, 188; arrival of Spanish generals, 211; Batde of Knin, 188; Vukovar landing attempt, 187 1945 Alexander-Tito meeting, 199-200; Rijeka Operation, 202-4, 214; ethnic cleansing campaigns, 204-7 Partito dAzione, 171 Pathet Lao, 307 Patrice Lumumba Student Dormitory, 336 Patton, George, 214 Pauker, Ana, 147 Paul VI, Pope, 342,356-7 Paul, King of Greece, 253 Paul, Prince of Yugoslavia, 72,75, 83, 95,105,185 Paunovič,Davorjanka“Zdenka”, 111, 112,120,121,145,251 Pavelič, Ante, 207,342 416 Pavlodar radio, 120,126-7,132 Pavlovič, Zivojin, 73 del Pedro, Carmen, 196 Penezić, Slobodan “Kreun”, 112 Perm, Russia, 18,19 Petacci, Clara, 214 Petain, Philippe, 213 Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 95,150, 169,185 Péter, Gábor, 49 Petőfi, Sándor, 287 Petrograd, Russia, 18-19, 20 Petrovič, Drago, 82 Petrovič, Nikola, 99,100,151,179 Peza, Albania, 189 Philby, Harold Adrian Russell “Kim”, 49,262 Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 251,252 Philippeville, Algeria, 274-5 Pieck, Wilhelm,
58-9,60, 99,147 Piedmont, Italy, 215 Pijade, Moša, 41-2, 56,74, 238 Constitution (1946), 42 Dilas resignation (1954), 258 Hebrangs ouster (1944), 175,178 Marić-Miletić conflict (1937), 79, 80,93 Piłsudski, Józef Klemens, 27 Piraeus, Greece, 222,253 Pirin Macedonia, 237 Pistoia, Italy, 108 Pius XII, Pope, 342 Piva river, 142,145 Po river, 171,195 Podgorica, Montenegro, 98 Podsreda, Slovenia, 12, 93 Polaks mill, Bjelovar, 29, 38 Poland, 65,228,270,278, 356 Baltic Secretariat and, 48 Cominform conference (1947), 223 German invasion (1939), 94
INDEX Gomułka movement, 259,286, 289, 295 Katyn Massacre (1940), 205 Khrushchev s visit (1956), 289 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 94 Poznań protests (1956), 286, 289 Prague Spring (1968), 340 Soviet invasion (1939), 94 Soviet War (1919-20), 27 Titos visit (1975), 350 Wojtyla’s evangelism, 352 Politika, 98 Popivoda, Krsto, 107 Popovié, Konstantin “Koča”, 118-19, 126,140,141 1942 Supreme Command formed, 136 1943 Fall Weiss battles, 137; Zagreb negotiations, 140; Fall Schwartz battles, 142,144-5 1944 appointed commander of Partisans, 182; offensive in Serbia, 188 1951 visits Pentagon, 249 1952 meets with Mountbatten, 251 1953 Fondon visit, 252 Popovié, Miladin, 102,131,189 Popovié, Mugoša, 131 Popovié, Vlado “Spaniard”, 76,77, 111, 114,123,133,248 Popovié, Žarko, 106 Portugal, 351 Posavina, Croatia, 134 Poverty ofPhilosophy, The (Marx), 42 Powers, Francis Gary, 290,313 Poznań, Poland, 286,289 Prague Spring (1968), 338, 340-41 Prague, Czechoslovakia, 53, 69,106 Presidium, Comintern, 51, 53 Primo de Rivera, José Antonio, 46 Profintern, 53 Proletarian Brigades, 127,136,137, 138,139,142,144,184,216,253 Proleter, 73, 86,87,88,108,109-10, 121 Protulipac, Ivo, 208 Pula, 148,203, 204,217,289 Purga radio station, 157,168,187,195 Putilov strike (1917), 18-19 Pyatnitsky, Vladimir, 58,65-6 Quinto regimiento, El, 209, 211, 262 Radić, Stjepan, 29, 35,37, 38,75 Radio Free Europe, 287, 288 Radnička Road, Belgrade, 114 Radosavljevič, Dobrivoje “Orce”, 131 Radovanovič, Fjuba, 9, 28, 34, 38, 86 Rajk, Fászló, 283-4,287 Rajter, Joachim “Jaša”, 112,120-21 Rákosi, Mátyás, 28,49,147,277, 283,
284,285,287 Ranković, Aleksandar, 74,77, 89, 140, 180,190, 331-2 1938 temporary CPY leadership formed, 82 1939 Bohinj meeting, 85 1941 Dedinje meeting, 113; GRU radio installed in Cačak, 120; takes residence in Užice, 122; Stolice Conference, 123 1943 Zagreb negotiations, 140; formation of AVNOJ, 151 1944 formation of OZNA, 176; liquidation ofZAVNOH, 180 1946 meeting with Stalin, 271 1948 split with Soviet Union, 230, 231, 232; Fifth Congress, 232 1952 Sixth Congress, 256 1956 Hungarian uprising, 288 1961 Tito’s African tour, 300
INDEX 1962 closed session of Politburo, 331 1963 appointed Vice President, 332, 333 1965 UDBA corruption scandal, 334 1966 removal from office, 334-5, 341 Raspe, Jan-Carl, 358 Ravna Gora Mountain, Serbia, 107, 135 Reale, Eugenio, 243 Red Aid, 32,47,48 Red Army, 19 Baltic, invasion of (1939), 94 Battle ofBatinska Skela (1944), 187 Belgrade, liberation of (1944), 172, 181,183-4,188,239 Finland, invasion of (1939), 94 German invasion (1941), 108, 111 Intelligence Department, 65,66 Japanese War (1939), 94 Moldavia, invasion of (1939), 95 Operation Bagration (1944), 163 Operation Bari (1944), 153-8 Operation Saturn (1942), 128 Polish War (1919-20), 27 Red Army Faction, 351, 357 Red Brigades, 351,356-7 Red Guards, 19 Red International of Labor Unions, 53 Red Peasant International, 53 Red Star Belgrade, 340 Regent, Ivan, 75 von Rendűik, Lothar, 137,148,159, 160,162 Renmin Ribao, 354 reparations, 270, 344-5 Rhodesia, 291 Ribar, Ivan, 77 Ribar, Ivo Lola, 74,77, 82,178 418 1937 Marić-Miletić conflict, 80 1939 Bohinj meeting, 85 1941 Dedinje meeting, 113; Stolice Conference, 123 1942 purge of Croatian and Slove nian parties, 131,132,133-4 1943 Dalmatia campaign, 148; death, 148 von Ribbentrop, Joachim, 107 Ribnikar villa, Belgrade, 112,113 Ribnikar, Vladislav, 98, 113, 150 Ridgway, Matthew, 251 Rijeka, Croatia, 32,85, 93,148,167, 180,202-4,254,284 Robajé, Serbia, 121 Rokossovsky, Konstantin, 286, 322 Rolla, Domenico, 215 Romania, 24,27, 51, 95,147, 249,353, 356 Ceauşescus accession (1965), 338 Cominform resolution (1948), 232, 239-40,242-4,246,247,263 Hungarian uprising (1956), 289
Hungary invasion (1919), 23 International Meeting of Commu nist Parties (1960), 318 Khrushchevs visit (1956), 289 Prague Spring (1968), 340 Titos visits (1968,1969), 338, 341 World War I (1914-18), 18 Rome, Italy, 163,173, 208, 334 Roosevelt, Franklin, 150,164, 185 Royal Air Force (RAF), 143,156-7, 163 Rudo, Bosnia, 126-8 Rukavina, Ivan, 143 Ruma, Austria-Hungary, 15 Rundschau, 80 Rusk, Dean, 308 Russian Civil War (1917-22), 25
INDEX Russian Empire (1721-1917) Revolution (1905), 103 Revolution (1917), 18-19, 337 World War I (1914-18), 15-17 Russian language, 13 Russos, Petros, 196 Ryazan, Russia, 21 Rybka, Kurt, 159 Rykov, Alexei, 52 Šabič, Stevo, 24-5,29 Sadat, Anwar, 344 Saint-Cyprien prison camp, France, 213,261 de Saint-Simon, Henri, 269 Sakharov, Andrei, 278 Sakun, Vladimir Nikolayevich, 5, 6, 8, 34,51,175 SALT-II Agreement (1979), 360 Salzburg, Austria, 208 Samobor, Croatia, 47,74,75,76, 82 Samokhin, Alexander Georgiyevich, 98 Sanjak, Serbia, 98,125,126 Saragat, Giuseppe, 342 Sarajevo, Bosnia, 108,133 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 85 Šatorov, Metodija, 102,191,192 Saudi Arabia, 276,305 Savič, Pavle, 196 Savoy, 195 Schleyer, Hans Martin, 358 Schmidt, Helmut, 346 Schutzbund, 46 Scobie, Ronald MacKenzie, 193 SDECE, 296 Secchia, Pietro, 196, 216, 236,237, 239,242,243,262 Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), 156, 170-71 self-management, 269, 309, 335, 345, 346 Semipalatinsk nuclear test (1949), 246, 295 Senegal, 350 Senghor, Leopold, 350 Senjak District, Belgrade, 108, 113 Sentjurc, Lidija, 348 Serbia German occupation (1941-4), 112, 119,124-9 World War I (1914-18), 15,16 Serbian Volunteer Division, 20 Serment, Akip, 87 Sevastopol, Crimea, 125,153 Sevnica, Slovenia, 82 SHAEF, (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force), 201, 214 Shepilov, Dmitri, 276, 289, 290 Shock Division, 142,145,184 Sianthos, Georgios “Geros”, 192,193, 194,222 Sibir, 93,94 Sicily, 171,208 SID (Služba za Istraživanje i Dokumen taciju), 207 Sihanouk, Norodom, 306,309, 330, 337,351 Singer, Ernst, 147 Sino-Indian War (1962), 319, 324,
329 Sino-Japanese War (1937-45), 5 Sisak, Croatia, 13,25 Six-Day War (1967), 330,337 Skikda, Algeria, 274-5 SKOJ, (League ofCommunist Youth of Yugoslavia), 38, 54,68,74,106,118, 123,131,162,339 Skopje, Macedonia, 102 Slovakia, 95 Slovene language, 12 Slovenia Communist Party, see Communist Party of Slovenia 419
INDEX Greater Slovenia, 54, 55,74,75,109, 180.188-9,229 Home Guard, 200 Italy, relations with, 54, 55,74,75, 109.180.188-9 Liberation Front, 136,149,176, 178,189,230-31 National Front, 150 Security and Intelligence Service (VOS), 136,176,178 UDBA corruption scandal (1965), 334 White Guard, 186,200, 205 Slovenian-Friulian-Italian Corps, 171, 197 Smederevo, Serbia, 33 Smeral, Bohumír, 51,73 SMERSH, (Smert Shpionam), 176 Smirnov, Vladimir, 138,139 Smodlaka, Josip, 150,151 Smolnikova, Natalia Nikolayevna, 196 Soares, Mário, 351 Sobica groblje, Drvar, 160-61 Socialist International, 357 socialist realism, 255 Sokolov, S. V, 157 Sokolovsky, Vasily, 322 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 6, 316 Somalia, 305, 358 Sorbonne, Paris, 69,118,123 Soustelle, Jacques, 274-5 Soviet Union 1921 New Economic Policy launched, 52 1922 Fourth Comintern Congress, 4, 28-9 1924 death of Lenin, 52 1927 ousting of Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamenev, 52 1928 Pantovčak conference, 5-9, 26, 34-5 420 1934 Kharkov congress, 118; Kirov assassination, 59 1935 Great Purge launched, 59, 339; execution of Zinoviev and Kamenev, 59 1936 OMS abolished, 8 1937 purge of OMS cadres, 8,33 1938 execution of Bukharin, 53; Tito-Dimitrov meeting, 83-4 1939 Bohinj letter, 85-9; Japanese War, 94; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 94-8,101,102,108,110, 111, 127,191, 210; invasion of Poland and Baltic, 94; invasion of Finland, 94; invasion ofMoldavia, 95 1940 Katyn Massacre, 205 1941 Yugoslavia joins Tripartite Pact, 105; Yugoslav coup detat, 96; Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, 106; German invasion, 108, 111; GRU radio installed in Cačak, 120; sieges
of Leningrad and Sevastopol begin, 125 1942 Operation Saturn, 128 1943 Battle of Kursk, 148,153; Teh ran Conference, 150,151,185 1944 Operation Bari, 153-8; Operation Bagration, 163; Stalin-Tito meeting, 179-80,181, 182, 184,186; Batde ofBatinska Skela, 187; Battle of Belgrade, 172,181,183-4,239; Vail dAran operation, 210-11; ChurchillStalin Agreement, 211; Danube offensive, 187; Vukovar landing attempt, 187 1945 Yalta Conference, 156,178, 182, 201; liberation of Budapest, 284; Treaty ofVarkiza, 222; executions of Cossacks, 201; Vic-
INDEX tory Parade, 186; Potsdam Agree ment, 204; Tito awarded Order of Victory, 170 1946 Stalin-Tito meeting, 221, 222, 271; Balkan Federation order, 221,227 1948 Stalin-Kardelj meeting, 222-3, 227,228, 230; split with Yugoslavia, 230-32, 238-9, 242-6, 247-8; Berlin Blockade begins, 228; PCE meeting, 212 1949 Semipalatinsk nuclear test, 246,295 1950 production of Tu-4 bombers begins, 246; Sino-Soviet Treaty, 324 1951 Stalin discusses offensive with Zhukov, 249; physicians’ plot, 285 1952 Đilas’ criticism of Stalin, 255-6 1953 death of Stalin, 9, 246,251, 260, 268,285; East German uprising, 259 1954 Khrushchev’s letter to Tito, 258-9, 260,263,267; Khrushchev-Todorović meeting, 268-9 1955 foundation ofWarsaw Pact, 269; Austrian State Treaty, 269; Belgrade Declaration, 259-60, 269-72,283,285,287 1956 Khrushchevs secret speech, 285-6; Khrushchev-Tito meet ing, 276-9, 294; Poland crisis, 286-7; Hungarian uprising, 147, 281,288-90 1957 Warsaw Pact summit, 293-4, 295; motion for Khrushchevs re moval, 322; ousting of Malenkov, 269; Sputnik 1 launch, 295,296; Zhukov visits Yugoslavia, 322-3; Mao’s visit, 323 1959 cessation of nuclear assistance to China, 323-4; KhrushchevMao meeting, 318 1960 U-2 incident, 290,313; Bucharest Conference, 318-19, 323; withdrawal of experts from China, 324 1961 Fostok 1 spaceflight, 307; Vienna Summit, 307, 312; Berlin Crisis, 324; nuclear tests, 308; Twenty-Second Congress, 316 1962 Brezhnevs Yugoslavia visit, 311-13; Cuban Missile Crisis, 312-13, 315, 319; Solzhenitsyn debate, 316; Khrushchev-Tito meeting, 317; Non-Proliferation Treaty announced,
324 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 324, 329 1964 Suslov-Mao meeting, 325; removal of Khrushchev, 325, 329, 330; Brezhnev takes power, 333; Zhou’s visit, 325-6 1968 Prague Spring, 338, 340; foreign affairs conference, 337; Brezhnev-Tito meeting, 337-8 1972 Longo requests assistance, 357 1975 Helsinki Accords, 349-50, 351 1979 SALT-II Agreement, 360; invasion of Afghanistan, 359, 360 1988 protests and uprisings, 360 1991 dissolution, 361 Spain Agrupación de Guerrilleros Espa ñoles (AGE), 210-12 Civil War (1936-9), see Spanish Civil War Francos death (1975), 351 Junta Suprema de Unión Nacional (JSUN), 210 421
INDEX NOVI in, 170 Operation Boléro-Paprika (1950), 261 Operation Reconquista de España (1944), 210-11 Second Republic (1931-9), 46 Stalins line on, 209 Spanish Civil War (1936-9), 21, 37, 95,97,103,117,125,339 Abraham Lincoln Battalion, 70, 126 Andrej ević-Kun in, 42 Bebler in, 106 Belgrade veterans congress (1956), 262 Canadians in, 143 Comintern and, 65, 66, 67,70 Copié in, 70, 87 La Corse operation (1936), 71-3 Cuatro generales, Los, 209-12,237 Dapčević in, 126 Georgij évié in, 21 Great Purge (1935-8) and, 62 Ilié in, 213 Koča in, 118 Kopinič in, 133 Madrid siege (1936-9), 209 Malinovsky in, 245 Miletič in, 79 Rákosi Battalion, 283 Secchia in, 243 veterans in WW2,101,102,117 Spanish Sahara (1884-1976), 301 Special Air Service (SAS), 182 Special Operations Executive (SOE), 105,106,143,192 Split, Croatia, 71, 80, 86,98,250, 255, 311,332 Špoljarić, Đuro, 76,83,87 Sputnik 1 (1957), 295 Srebrnjak, Ivan “Antonov”, 102, 111, 115,132,133,134 422 Srem Front (1944-5), 199 Sremska Mitrovica prison, Serbia, 68, 74,86,88,93,210 1937 Marić-Miletić conflict, 79-81 1941 inmates escape, 117-18 1947 imprisonment ofJovanovič, 256 1955 imprisonment of Đilas, 256, 258 Sri Lanka, 306, 359 Srijem, Austria-Hungary, 15 SS (Schutzstaffel), 185,203 Carinthia withdrawal (1945), 200 Operation Fall Schwartz (1943), 142,145 Operation Fall Weiss (1943), 137, 139,140 Operation Rösselsprung (1944), 159 Volksdeutsche 187,204-5 Štajner, Karlo, 6-7, 8, 32,45,175 Stalin, Joseph, 4-5, 8, 52,62,129,162, 172,177-8,323 1922 Fourth Comintern Congress, 4,28-9 1928 Trotsky exiled, 35; Sixth Co mintern Congress,
35 1934 national front policy launched, 54 1934 Kirov assassination, 59 1935 Purge launched, 59; Red Army Military Academy address, 67 1938 execution of Bukharin, 53 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 94, 98,101,108,127 1941 Yugoslavia joins Tripartite Pact, 105; Zubov arrest, 106; Yugoslav coup detat, 96; Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, 106,107, 108, 112; meeting with Harriman and Beaverbrook, 127 1943 Tehran Conference, 150,185;
INDEX telegram from Tito on Peter II, 150 1944 Operation Bari, 153; meeting with Tito, 179-80,181,182,184; meeting with Churchill, 211 1945 Yalta Conference, 156,178, 182; Treaty ofVarkiza, 222; Potsdam Agreement, 204; Tito awarded Order of Victory, 170 1946 meeting with Tito, 221, 222, 271 ; urges swallowing of Albania, 221, 227,252, 258; Balkan Fed eration order, 221, 227 1948 meeting with Kardelj, 222-3, 227,228, 230; split with Yugosla via, 230-32, 238-9, 245; Berlin Blockade begins, 228; Togliatti as sassination attempt, 242; meeting with PCE, 212 1951 discusses offensive with Zhu kov, 249 1952 Dilas’ criticism, 255-6 1953 death, 9,246, 251,260,268, 285 Ständestaat (1934-8), 46, 53 Stara Gradiška concentration camp, Croatia, 133,134 Stepinac, Aloysius Viktor, 352 Stern, Moshe, 67 Stettin, Germany, 21,23 Stevenson, Ralph, 172 Stewart, Bill, 143,144,145 Stewart, Dugald Leslie Lorn, 355 Stipetić, Milutin, 15,16 Stockholm, Sweden, 208 Stojadinović, Milan, 95 Stojnic, Veljo, 190 Stolice Conference (1941), 123-4 student protests (1968), 338-40 Šubašić, Ivan, 177,178, 201 1939 Banovina formed, 83, 95; ar rests of communists, 83,97 1944 meeting with Tito, 168,172, 175,176; Stalin-Tito meeting, 179 Sudan, 198,215,305 Sudets, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, 183 Suez Canal, 263,264-5,275,280,281, 288,290-91,295,302 Suharto, 350 Sukarno, 264, 306, 309, 329-30, 350 Sumadija, Serbia, 128 Sun Yat-sen, 354 Supreme Headquarters Allied Expedi tionary Force, 201,214 Susak Island, Croatia, 93 Suslov, Mikhail, 321-6, 329, 330, 333, 341,344,359 1948 PCE meeting, 212 1950 Sino-Soviet Treaty,
324 1957 motion to remove Khrushchev, 322; Mao’s visit, 323, 324 1964 meeting with Mao, 325; removal of Khrushchev, 325, 329, 330, 333 1968 meeting with Tito, 338 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, 359, 360 1982 death, 361 Sutjeska river, 140,142,143,144,145 Sverdlov Communist University, 54 Sveti Grgur Island, Croatia, 86 Sviyazhsk, Russia, 17 Świerczewski, Karol Wacław, 58, 65, 286 Sydney, New South Wales, 208 Syria, 290, 302,336 Syrmia, Serbia, 118 Szczecin, Poland, 21 Szklarska Poręba, Poland, 223 Tagliamento river, 216 423
INDEX Tagüeña Lacorte, José Manuel, 209, 212 Taiwan, 318, 325, 354 Tara river, 142,143 Tasca, Angelo, 51 Tatarstan, Russia, 17 Tehran Conference (1943), 150,151, 185 Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), 296 Terme di Poretta, Italy, 208 Terracini, Umberto, 244-5 terrorism, 351 Terzič, Velimir, 140 Testa, Temistocle, 208 Tetovo, Macedonia, 192 Thessalonica, Greece, 112,172,188, 193,222,224,237 Third World interventionism, 277, 295-6,300,302-3,319-20,339 China and, 279,302-3 Soviet Union and, 279,311,313, 315-16 Thorez, Maurice, 46, 239 Tibet, 319,324,329 Tiljak, Ljudevit, 114,115,120 Time, ՂՏ7 Timofeev, Alexei, 66 Timoshenko, Semyon, 322 Tirana, Albania, 189 Titan, metal manufacturer, Slovenia, 14 Titanic, 32 Tito, Josip Broz 1892 birth, 12 1907 moves to Sisak; works as locksmith, 13 1910 moves to Zagreb; works as steelworker, 13 1913 draft notice, 14; joins Agram Honvéd Regiment, 14-15; fenc ing tournament, 15 424 1914 outbreak of war, 15; winter offensive in Galicia, 16 1915 wounded and taken prisoner in Russia, 17 1916 transferred to Kungur, 18 1917 joins Red Guards, 19 1918 meets Pelagija and Georgijević, 20 1919 returns home, 20-21,23,24 1920 loss of son in childbirth, 45; Obznana protests, 24 1921 moves to Veliko Trojstvo, 24, 29; birth of Zlatica, 29 1922 birth of Hinko, 29 1923 death of Zlatica, 29,45 1924 birth of Žarko, 29 1925 works at Jugoslavenska Ex press, 32; moves to Kraljevica, 32; joins CPY, 11,33,76,82 1926 moves to Zagreb, 33 1927 leads strike, 34,45,76; arrest, 6,76 1928 Pantovčak conference, 3-9, 34-5; Radić assassination riots, 35, 37-8,46;
Bombing Plot Trial, 38-9,45; imprisonment, 41-4 1934 released from prison, 45,47; moves to Vienna, 48,49, 53; Ljubljana mission, 54-6; elected to Politburo, 56, 57 1935 moves to Moscow, 57; ap pointed Comintern representa tive, 59; military training begins, 66 1936 KUNMZ conference, 63; La Corse operation, 71-3; visits Prague, 69-70, 71 1937 organizes Slovenian and Croa tian parties, 72,74-7; moves to Paris, 48,49,62,72,74; MarićMiletić conflict, 79-81
INDEX 1938 forms temporary CPY leader ship, 81-3; narrow-circle meet ing, 87; meeting with Dimitrov, 83-4 1939 Bohinj meeting, 85-9; Trebče meeting, 93; visits Moscow, 88-9, 93-5; visits Istanbul, 95-7 1940 moves to Zagreb, 97-8; Fifth Land Conference, 66-7, 96, 99-103 1941 Tripartite Pact meeting, 105; German invasion, 107; May Conferences, 108; Proleter article, 109-10; moves to Belgrade, 111; proclaims armed uprising, 113; GRU radio installed in Cačak, 120; travels to Valjevo, 120-22; takes residence in Užice, 122; Stolice Conference, 123-4, 127; German assault, 124; offers resignation, 125; escape to Sanjak, 125, 126; establishment of regular army, 126-9 1942 Long March begins, 129,130; purge of Croatian and Slovenian parties, 131-4; establishment of AVNOJ, 135-6; meets with Mugoša, 189; arrives in Bihać, 136 1943 Battle of the Neretva, 138-40, 141, 142; Zagreb negotiations, 140-41; splits forces, 143; Dea lern mission arrives, 143; Battle of the Sutjeska, 144-5; meets with Maclean, 146; second session of AVNOJ, 149-50; telegram to Stalin on Peter II, 150 1944 Operation Bari, 153-8; BAF established, 156-7; German assault, 159-63; transfer to Vis, 163-4,167-8; meeting with Šubašić, 168,172,175,176; formation of OZNA, 174,175-6; ousting of Hebrang, 174-80; leaves Vis, 173-4; meeting with Churchill, 168-70,172,173, 176; meeting with Stalin, 179-80, 181,182; enters Belgrade, 188; arrival of Spanish generals, 211 1945 formation of armies, 171-2; meeting with Alexander, 199-200, 201; Rijeka Operation, 202-4; ethnic cleansing cam paign, 206; labor camps order, 207; awarded
Order of Victory, 170 1946 promulgation of constitution, 220; meeting with Stalin, 221, 222 1947 Bled Agreement, 222, 237 1948 Stalin-Kardelj meeting, 222; Carrillo and Lister request air support, 212; split with Soviet Union, 230-32,238-9; Fifth Congress, 232; appears in Life magazine, 257; Operation Velvetta, 265 1949 closure of Greek border, 248 1951 gallbladder surgery, 251 1952 meets with Mountbatten, 250, 251; meets with Eden, 251; Sixth Congress, 255-6, 331 1953 visits London, 251-2; acces sion of Nagy in Hungary, 259; meets with Nasser, 275 1954 Third Plenum, 258; resigna tion of Dilas, 257,267; meets with Nasser, 264-5; visits Turkey and Greece, 253,263; Haile Selassie s visit, 263; letter from Khrushchev, 258-9,260, 263, 267; meets with Murphy, 253, 425
INDEX 259; Trieste Agreement, 250-54, 262-3,268, 279; Asian tour, 263-4,268-9 1955 meets with Nasser, 264-5, Khrushchev s visit, 259-60, 269-72,283,285,287 1956 meets with Nasser, 275; tele gram from MNA, 274; Paris visit, 274; meets with Khrushchev, 276-9,294; receives Nasser and Nehru, 279-80; FLN-France negotiations, 280; Hungarian uprising, 289-90,295 1957 Budapest Conference, 294; recognition of East Germany, 330 1960 Bucharest Conference, 318 1961 African tour, 299-302; NonAligned Conference, 305-10,312 1962 closed session of Politburo, 331; Brezhnevs visit, 311-13; meets with Khrushchev, 317 1963 Ranković appointed Vice President, 332; Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 329 1964 Non-Aligned Conference, 329; removal of Khrushchev, 329, 330 1965 economic reform program launched, 333; UDBA corruption scandal, 334 1966 Fourth (Brijuni) Plenum, 331, 334-5; removal of Ranković, 334-5; secret service dismissals, 335 1968 world tour, 337; meets with Brezhnev, 337-8; meets with Ceausescu, 338; student protests, 338-40 1969 Ninth Congress, 341; meets with Ceausescu, 341-2; Italy visit, 342 426 1973 Brandt s visit, 344-5 1974 promulgation of constitution, 345,347; Vfest Germany visit, 346;Jovanka scandal, 346-9 1975 Helsinki Accords, 350-51 1977 CSCE conference, 350; China visit, 353-5 1979 Non-Aligned Conference, 359 1980 death, 12,361 Tjentište Plateau, 144 Todorovič, Mijalko, 268-9,276 Togliatti, Palmiro, 51,147,222,229 1940 Fifth Land Conference, 99 1944 dispatch of NKVD operatives, 195; joins Bonomi government, 197; meets with Kardelj and Dilas, 180 1945 expulsion of SIS
liaison, 171; rejects “Greek scenario”, 236 1947 Civil War, 218,236 1948 Sixth Congress, 237; par liamentary elections, 235,238; Soviet-Yugoslav split, 238-40; assassination attempt, 241-5,357 1954 Trieste Agreement, 251 1964 death, 237,341 Togo, 300 Tolbert, William, 301 Tolbukhin, Fedor Ivanovich, 183 Tolstoy, Leo, 126 Tomac, Zdravko, 345-6 Tomšič, Tone “Gašpar”, 198 Tomšič, Vida “Lenka”, 198 Topusko, Croatia, 174-5,177 Toulouse, France, 210,211, 213, 216, 237,261 Touré, Ahmed Sékou, 301, 305 Travnik, Bosnia, 31 Trbovlje, Slovenia, 82 Treaty of Rome (1957), 331 Treaty ofVarkiza (1945), 222,224,229
INDEX Treaty ofVersailles (1919), 28,60 Trebče, Slovenia, 72, 93 Trešnjevka, Zagreb, 4 Trgo, Fabijan, 115 Trieste, Italy, 14,31, 55,75,109,148, 180,188,199,224 Free Territory (1945-54), 217,229 illegal export-import deals, 334 London Agreement (1954), 249, 250-54,262-3,268,279 Protulipac assassination (1946), 208 Rijeka Operation (1945), 202-4, 214 Trilisser, Mikhail Abramovich, 7,48, 58, 87 Trilla, Gabriel León, 210 Troiło, Ettore, 217, 236 Trojstvo, Veliko, 29 Trotsky, Leon, 5, 35,46, 52, 61,62 Trotskyism, 73, 83, 86-7,129,230, 245,255,285,300,339 Truman, Harry S., 204, 248, 263,268, 295 Tsedenbal, Yumjaagiin, 337, 350 Tu-4 strategic bombers, 246 tuberculosis, 251 Tubman, William, 301 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich, 27 Tulski-Tokarev (TT) pistol, 12 Tunisia, 266, 276, 302, 305 Turin, Italy, 217,235, 242 Turkey, 95-7,170,196, 250, 251, 268, 306,315 Turnu Severin, Romania, 183 Tuscany, Italy, 235 “Twenty-One Points” (Lenin), 27 typhoid, 142 typhus, 17, 207 U-2 incident (1960), 290, 313 UDBA, {State Security Administra tion), 22,42,207,256,334,335,348 Udine, Friuli, 195 Ufa, Russia, 135,147,171, 227,283, 346 Ukmar, Anton ‘Miro’, 214,215 Ukraine, 183-4,228,360 Ulbricht, Walter, 147 United Arab Republic (1958-71), 302, 305, 337 United Kingdom, 216-17 1941 Belgrade protests, 105; Murmansk convoys begin, 127; Beaverbrook-Stalin meeting, 127 1942 SOE deployed in Greece, 192 1943 Operation Typical, 143; Ma clean Mission, 145-6; intelligence on Yugoslav resistance, 143; Teh ran Conference, 150,151,185 1944 intelligence on Yugoslav resistance, 145; BAF established, 156-7;
Lebanon Agreement, 193; Drvar operations, 156,159,163; Normandy landings, 163, 171; Bretton Woods Conference, 263; Vis operations, 182; ChurchillTito meeting, 168-70,172,173, 176; Greek Dekemvriana, 194, 222 1945 Alexander-Tito meeting, 199-200, 201; Yalta Conference, 156,178,182, 201 Operation Gelignite plan, 167; lib eration ofVenice, 216; Operation Keelhaul launched, 201 ; cessation of supplies to Yugoslavia, 214; General Election, 204, 216; Pots dam Agreement, 204 1946 Albanian commando opera tion, 221 1947 Albanian commando opera tion, 262 427
INDEX 1948 Operation Valuable launched, 262 1951 General Election, 250 1952 Mountbatten visits Tito, 250, 251; Eden visits Tito, 251 1953 Tito’s visit, 251-2 1954 Trieste Agreement, 250-54, 262-3, 268, 279 1955 Austrian State Treaty, 269 1956 Suez Crisis, 275, 280,281, 288,290-91,295,302 1960 Cyprus gains independence, 306 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 324,329 1973 Elizabeth II visits Yugoslavia, 344 1977 Dolancs visit, 355-6 1979 General Election, 358 United Nations, 217, 221, 232, 276, 290,295,299,330 United States, 14, 32,169, 229 1943 Tehran Conference, 150, 151,185; alleviation ofYugoslav import regulations, 248 1944 capture of Rome, 163; Nor mandy landings, 163; Bretton Woods Conference, 263; Opera tion Dragoon, 167; liberation of Paris, 211-12,214; Angleton arrives in Italy, 169 1945 German retreat to Austria, 200-201; X MAS operation, 216; Potsdam Agreement, 204 1946 Kennan’s long telegram, 247; relations established with Yugosla via, 220; C-47 shot down, 217 1948 Marshall Plan launched, 244, 247,331; Operation Valuable launched, 262 1949 Operation Pyrsos, 233 428 1950 Popovié requests economic assistance, 248 1951 Velebits tour, 249; military assistance to Yugoslavia begins, 249-50; Popovié visits Pentagon, 249 1952 Sixth Fleet visits Split, 250, 255; Ivy Mike nuclear test, 246, 295 1954 Murphy meets with Tito, 253, 259; Trieste Agreement, 253-4 1955 Austrian State Treaty, 269 1956 Tito s letter to Eisenhower, 294-5; Hungarian uprising, 287, 288, 295; Suez Crisis, 290-91, 295, 302 1960 U-2 incident, 290,313 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion, 262,307, 311, 312;
Vienna Summit, 307, 312; Berlin Crisis, 324; NonAligned Conference, 308-9,312 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, 313, 315, 319; Sino-Indian War, 319; Non-Proliferation Treaty an nounced, 324 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 324,329 1966 Ghanaian coup, 300 1975 Helsinki Accords, 349-50; Fords Yugoslavia visit, 350 1977 Giessen army base bomb plot, 357-8; Vances China visit, 354 1979 SALT-II Agreement, 360; Haig assassination attempt, 358 United Unions, 136 University Clinical Center Ljubljana, 12 University of Montpellier, 337 Ustashe, 46, 83,128,207-8 1934 Alexander 1 assassination, 63 1941 German invasion, 98,107,
INDEX 108,117; Tiljak assassination, 114,115,120; Serbian offensives, 124,125 1942 prisoner exchange, 134 1943 Operation Fall Weiss, 137-8, 140 1944 Battle of Belgrade, 186 1945 withdrawal to Carinthia, 200; executions, 205-6; Frković assas sination attempt, 207-8 1946 executions, 220; Protulipac assassination, 208 1949 Jílek abduction, 208; suicide of Testa, 208 Ustinov, Dmitri, 359 Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-91), 337 Užice, Serbia, 107,122,123-5,128 V-2 rockets, 219 Vafiadis, Markos, 189,193,194, 217, 223,229,232-3,241,244 Valjevo, Serbia, 107, 121 Vall d’Aran, Spain, 210-11 Valter, Anđelko, 347-8 Vance, Cyrus, 354 Vardar Macedonia, 102,192, 224,237 Vatican, 242,342 Velebit, Vladimir “Vlatko” 1937 formation of Croatian party, 76,77 1939 visits Istanbul, 97 1940 moves to Zagreb, 98 1942 Vrapče safe house raid, 133-4 1943 Zagreb negotiations, 140,141; Maclean Mission, 146 1944 Churchill-Tito meeting, 168; formation of London brigade, 198 1948 Stalins letter, 231 1951 tours United States, 249 1953 London visit, 252 1954 Trieste Agreement, 254 Veliki Klekovac, 163 Veliko Trojstvo, Croatia, 24,29, 32 Velouchiotis, Aris, 192,193,194 Venezia-Giulia, 55,75,109,188, 215, 253 Venice, Italy, 216, 242 Ventotene, Italy, 196 Vergarola docks bombing (1946), 217 Versailles Treaty (1919), 28, 60 Veselinov, Jovan and Slavka, 118 Vichy France (1940-44), 213,215 Viđali, Vittorio, 67 Vidič, Dobrivoje, 290 Vidmar, Josip, 150 Vidmar, Jože, 149 Vielha, Spain, 210 Vienna, Austria, 6,48-9 Allied invasion (1945), 199-200 Comintern in, 9, 23, 24,26, 29, 31, 33,72 CPY in, 49,53,68-9,72
Khrushchev-Kennedy Summit (1961), 307, 312 Kun in, 23, 25 riots (1920), 25,103 SALT-II Agreement (1979), 360 Ständestaat batdes (1934), 46,49, 59 State Treaty (1955), 269 Tito in, 14,48,49,53, 57, 59,65 Vietnam, 65, 264, 273,295, 300, 306, 307,341 Villa Zagorje, Zagreb, 3 Vis, Croatia, 163,167-72,182,195 Vitruk, Andrey Nikiforovich, 183 Vivian, Valentine, 156 Vladivostok, Russia, 24,25 Vlaška Street, Zagreb, 114 429
INDEX VMRO, (InternalMacedonian Revolu tionary Organization), 33,47,63 Vo Nguyen Giap, 273 Vojnilovič, Boris, 88 Vojvodina, 84,109,118, 205, 206, 207, 224 Volksdeutsche 187, 204-5 Voroshilov, Kliment Yefremovich, 212, 276,278 Voss-Rudin, Braina, 48, 57,72 Vračar District, Belgrade, 112 Vranješ, Mihajlo, 4, 6, 10 Vrapče, Zagreb, 133 Vratuša, Anton, 171,195,197,207, 216 Vršac, Serbia, 187 Vučevo Peak, 142 Vujovič brothers, 33, 87 Vukmanović, Svetozar “Tempo” 1941 Dedinje meeting, 113; Stolice Conference, 123 1942 Long March, 131 1943 operations in Albania, 172, 190; operations in Greece, 192, 193 1944 visits Vis, 170 1948 split with Soviet Union, 230 1954 Trieste Agreement, 253-4 Vukovar, Croatia, 26,187 Vytka, Russia, 19 Waldheim, Kurt, 350 Wallinger, Geoffrey Arnold, 227 Walther PPK, 59 Warsaw Pact, 269,293-4, 340,356 Warszawski, Bronski, 24 Waugh, Evelyn, 156 von Wfeichs, Maximilian, 159-60,188 Wells, Herbert George, 52 Western Sahara 301 Whampoa Military Academy, Taiwan, 354 430 White Palace, Belgrade, 260,270,346, 348 White Star Line, 32 Wiener Neustadt, Austria, 14,34 Wiesner, Frank, 174 Wilson, Harold, 355 Winter War (1939-40), 94 Wojtyła, Karol, 352 Wolf, Markus “Mischa” 346 Woodhouse, Chris, 192 Workers’ Battalion, 124 World War I (1914-18), 15-20,105 World War II (1939-45), 21-2,93 1939 German invasion of Poland, 94; Soviet invasion of Poland and Baltic, 94; Soviet invasion of Finland, 94; Soviet invasion of Moldavia, 95 1940 Katyn Massacre, 205; German invasion of France, 101; Italian invasion of Greece, 106 1941 British land in Greece, 106; Axis invasion of
Yugoslavia, 86, 98,106; German invasion of Crete, 119; German inva sion of Soviet Union, 108, 111; Montenegro uprising, 119,125; German pacification of Serbia, 119, 124-9; siege of Leningrad begins, 125 1942 Operation Saturn, 128 1943 Operation Fall Weiss, 137-40; Zagreb negotiations, 140-41; Operation Fall Schwartz, 141-5; Battle ofKursk, 148, 153; Ger man invasion of Istria, 148,203; Miied invasion of Italy, 148; Armistice of Cassibile, 148,196; Tehran Conference, 150,151,185 1944 Batde of Monte Cassino, 153, 195, 273; Operation Bari,
INDEX 153-8; Marseille uprising, 214; Operation Rösselsprung, 159-63, 167; Allies capture Rome, 163; Normandy landings, 163, 171, 198; Operation Bagration, 163; Florence uprising, 190; Opera tion Dragoon, 167; liberation of Toulouse, 210; liberation of Paris, 211-12,214; Battle of Belgrade, 172,181,183-4,186, 188, 239; liberation ofThessalonica, 172, 188,193; Soviet Danube offensive, 187; German withdrawal from Balkans, 188; Battle ofKnin, 188; liberation of Tirana, 190; Battle of the Bulge, 200-201; Greek Dekemvriana, 191,194, 222 1945 Yalta Conference, 156,178, 201,216, 219; liberation of Budapest, 284; Operation Spring Awakening, 200; killing of Mus solini, 214-15, 244; German retreat to Austria, 200; liberation ofMilan, 196; Rijeka Operation, 202-4; Potsdam Agreement, 204 Wyszyński, Stefan, 286, 352 XMAS, 216 X-2 counterintelligence, 169,216 Xoxe, Koçi, 190,221, 262 Yemen, 302, 305,337 Yeremenko, Andrey, 322 Yezhov, Nikolai, 62 Young Communist International, 54, 68 Young Communist League, 53 Yudenich, Nikolai, 25 Yugoslav dinar, 217 Yugoslav lira, 217 Yugoslav National Movement, 119 Yugoslav People s Army (JNA) Soviet support, 313 student protests (1968), 339-40 US support, 249, 271, 300 Zhukovs visit (1957), 322 Yugoslavia, Kingdom of (1918-41) 1920 Constituent Assembly elec tions, 26; Obznana, 24, 27 1921 Draskovic assassination, 27, 42; State Protection Act, 4, 6 1923 parliamentary elections, 27 1928 Pantovčak conference, 3-9, 34-5; Radić assassination and riots, 35,37-8,46 1929January 6 Dictatorship begins, 46 1934 Alexander I assassination, 63 1939 Cvetković-
Maček Agreement, 75,95, 98 1941 Tripartite Pact accession, 105; coup detat, 96; Axis invasion, 86, Yakubovich, Grigory, 58,62 Yalta Conference (1945), 156,178, 182,216,219 Yangjisheng, 317 Yangel, Mikhail Kuzmich, 312 Yasnaya Polyana, Russia, 126 Yazid, Mohamed, 280 Yekaterinburg, Russia, 18 Yeltsin, Boris, 96 98,106-10,111-16,117-29 Yugoslavia, Federal People’s Republic (1945-63) 1946 Constitution, 41,220; rela tions established with US, 220; Mihailovič execution, 220; TitoStalin meeting, 221,222, 271 1947 Bled Agreement, 222,237; Operation Lakes preparation, 224, 237; harvest, 248 431
INDEX 1948 Kardelj-Stalin meeting, 222-3,227, 228; Operation Lakes preparation, 212; split with Soviet Union, 230-32,238-9, 242-6,247-8; Fifth Congress, 232; closure of Italian border, 261; Operation Velvetta, 265 1949 arrest and death of Hebrang, 246; closure of Greek border, 248 1950 Popovié requests US assis tance, 248 1951 US military assistance begins, 249-50; Zagreb Peace Confer ence, 261 1952 Tito’s speech on Trieste, 250; Mountbattens visit, 250,251 ; Edens visit, 251; US Sixth Fleet visits Split, 250,255; Sixth Con gress, 255-6,331 1953 Balkan Pact, 251,252; Tito visits London, 251-2; self-management introduced, 346; Đilas’ essays on destalinization, 256-7; Tito-Nasser meeting, 275 1954 Third Plenum, 258; resigna tion of Dilas, 257-8, 267; TitoNasser meeting, 264-5; Tito visits Turkey and Greece, 253; Haile Selassie’s visit, 263; Khrush chev letter, 258-9, 260,263, 267; Trieste Agreement, 250-54, 262-3,268,279; Fifth Plenum, 267; Titos Asian tour, 263-4, 268-9; Todorović-Khrushchev meeting, 268-9 1955 Nasser-Tito meeting, 264-5; Khrushchevs visit, 259-60, 269-72, 283,285,287; supply of weapons to Algeria begins, 266 1956 Tito-Nasser meeting, 275; im prisonment of Dilas, 258; Tito’s 432 Paris visit, 274; Tito-Khrushchev meeting, 276-9,294; Nasser and Nehru visit, 279-80; FLNFrance negotiations, 280; Inter national Brigades congress, 262; Hungarian uprising, 289-90 1957 Budapest Conference, 294; capture of Srbija, 293; Zhukovs visit, 322-3; recognition of East Germany, 330 1958 capture of Slovenija, 296; Seventh Congress, 296 1959 capture oíMakedonija, 296
1960 Bucharest Conference, 318 1961 Tito’s African tour, 299-302; Patrice Lumumba Dormitory opened, 336; Non-Aligned Con ference, 305-10,312,359 1962 closed session of Politburo, 331 ; Brezhnev’s visit, 311-13; Tito-Khrushchev meeting, 317 Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of (1963-92) 1963 Constitution, 332-3; Ranković appointed Vice Presi dent, 332, 333; Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 329 1964 Non-Aligned Conference, 329; removal of Khrushchev, 329 1965 economic reform program launched, 333; UDBA corruption scandal, 334 1966 wiretapping scandal, 334-5; Fourth (Brijuni) Plenum, 331, 334-5; removal of Ranković, 334-5; secret service dismissals, 335 1968 world tour, 337; TitoBrezhnev meeting, 337-8; TitoCeauşescu meeting, 338; protests, 338-40; 343
INDEX 1969 Ninth Congress, 341; TitoCeauşescu meeting, 341-2; Tito’s Italy visit, 342 1972 Moroccan coup attempt, 301 1973 Brandts visit, 344-5 1974 Constitution, 345, 347; Titos West Germany visit, 346; Jovanka scandal, 346-9 1975 Helsinki Accords, 350 1977 Dolancs UK visit, 355-6; CSCE conference, 350; Tito’s China visit, 353-5 1979 Non-Aligned Conference, 359 Zabijak, Montenegro, 98 Zachariadis, Nikos, 222, 229 Zadar, Croatia, 254 Zagorje region, Croatia, 12,75 Zagreb, Croatia, 34,45,47-8,49, 56, 97-8 Agram Honvéd Regiment, 14-15 Bombing Plot Trial (1928), 38-9 CPC in, 72,76 Izidor Haramina’s workshop, 13 Jugoslavenska Express Agencija, 32 Land Conference, Fifth (1940), 66-7, 96,99-101 March negotiations (1943), 140-41 May Conferences (1941), 108 metal workers’ union, 34,47 Pantovčak Conference (1928), 3-9, 26,34-5,175 Peace Conference (1951), 261 protests (1968), 343 Radić assassination riots (1928), 35, 37-8,46 Revolution (1918), 20, 21 Zagreber Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment, 14-17 Zaisser, Wilhelm “Gomez”, 67 Zaja, Andrija, 82 Zambia, 330, 359 Zastava M53 machine guns, 220 Zatec Airport, Czechoslovakia, 265 ZAVNOH, {State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croa tia), 175-7,180 Zbor, 119 Zdenčina, Croatia, 29 Zečević, Vlada, 151 Zelengora Mountain, 144 ZEMBILJ, {Zemaljski biro Komunističke partijeJugoslavije), 63 Zervas, Napoleon, 192,193 Zeta, Montenegro, 127 Zetkin, Clara, 28 Zhdanov, Vladimir, 183,228, 239,255 Zhou Enlai, 325-6, 353, 355 Zhu De, 355 Zhukov, Georgy, 94,249, 271,288, 289,322 Žigić, Rade, 174 Zinoviev, Grigory, 52, 59, 61 Zivkovic,
Petar, 46 Zlatibor Mountain, Serbia, 125 Zoro, Agustín, 211 Žujović, Sreten “Black”, 69,73,74, 81, 113,123,151,231 Bayerische } Staatsbibliothek l München J 433
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| author | Klinger, William 1972-2015 Kuljiš, Denis 1951-2019 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1147159343 (DE-588)1238089321 |
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| author_sort | Klinger, William 1972-2015 |
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| bvnumber | BV046196730 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:37:57Z |
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| isbn | 9781787383142 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Klinger, William 1972-2015 Verfasser (DE-588)1147159343 aut Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world William Klinger, Denis Kuljiš London Hurst & Company [2021] © 2021 xviii, 433, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Portraits (schwarz-weiß) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Tito, Josip Broz 1892-1980 (DE-588)118622935 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Tito, Josip Broz 1892-1980 (DE-588)118622935 p DE-604 Kuljiš, Denis 1951-2019 Verfasser (DE-588)1238089321 aut Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover 978-0-19-757242-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-761084-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575974&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575974&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Klinger, William 1972-2015 Kuljiš, Denis 1951-2019 Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world Tito, Josip Broz 1892-1980 (DE-588)118622935 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118622935 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world |
| title_auth | Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world |
| title_exact_search | Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world |
| title_full | Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world William Klinger, Denis Kuljiš |
| title_fullStr | Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world William Klinger, Denis Kuljiš |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tito's secret empire how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world William Klinger, Denis Kuljiš |
| title_short | Tito's secret empire |
| title_sort | tito s secret empire how the maharaja of the balkans fooled the world |
| title_sub | how the Maharaja of the Balkans fooled the world |
| topic | Tito, Josip Broz 1892-1980 (DE-588)118622935 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tito, Josip Broz 1892-1980 Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575974&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575974&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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