The Albanian Bektashi: history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans
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London
I.B. Tauris
2019
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| Physical Description: | xv, 372 Seiten 2 Illustrationen, 1 Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781788315692 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Albanian Bektashi |b history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans |c Robert Elsie |
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| 653 | 0 | |a Bektashi / Balkan Peninsula | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Bektashi / Albania / History | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Dervishes / Balkan Peninsula | |
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CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE ALBANIAN BEKTASHI Bektashi Beliefs and Hierarchy The Early History of the Bektashi The Spread of the Bektashi to the Balkans The Expansion of the Bektashi in Albania The Communist Dictatorship in Albania The Recovery of the Bektashi inPost-Communist Albania The Current Situation Chapter 2 EARLY REPORTS AND SCHOLARLY ARTICLES ON THE ALBANIAN BEKTASHI Evliya Çelebi ֊ ‘Notes on the Bektashi,’ 1660-1670 Johann Georg von Hahn: - ‘The Fortress of Kanina,’ 1854 Monk Zosimas of Athos: - ‘The Bektashi Tekkes of Thessaly,’ 1888 Andreas Karkavitsas: - ‘Visions of Thessaly: the Bektashi Tekke’, 1892 Antonio Baldacci: - ‘Albanian Wanderings,’ 1895 Naim Frashëri: - ‘The Bektashi Notebook,’ 1896 Alexandre Degrand: ֊ ‘The Legend of Sari Saltik,’1901 Sir Arthur Evans: - ‘A Pillar Cult at the Shrine of Tekija near Skopje,’ 1901 Edith Durham: - ‘A Visit to the Bektashi Tekke of Permet,’ 1904 Theodor Ippen: - ‘A Visit to Kruja,’ 1907 Ekrem bey Vlora: - ‘The Bektashi on Mount Tomorr,’ 1907 Max Choublier: - ‘The Tekke of Kalkandelen (Tetova),’ 1909 Gabriel Louis-Jaray: - ‘A Visit to the Tekke of Baba Ibrahim Xhefai near Elbasan,’ 1909 Frederick Hasluck: - ‘The Fourth Religion of Albania,’ 1919 Justin Godart: ֊ ‘The Place of the Bektashi among Albanian Religions,’ 1921 Margaret Hasluck: - ‘The Nonconformist Moslems of Albania,’ 1925 Franz Babinger: - ‘Among the Dervishes of Kruja,’ 1929 Dayrell Oakley-Hill: - ‘Up to Mount Tomorr,’ 1929 Baba Ali Tomorri: - ‘History of the Bektashi,’ 1929 Friedrich Markgraf: - A Botanist on Mount Tomorr,’
1930 xvi 1 1 4 6 7 12 13 14 17 17 19 20 22 27 30 36 39 41 43 48 50 53 56 58 62 69 73 75 82
x Contents Joseph Swire: - ‘Thoughts on the Bektashi,’ 1930 Richard Busch-Zantner: - ‘The Bektashi Sect in Albania,’ 1932 Richard Busch-Zantner: - ‘The Town of the Forbidden Dervishes,’ 1933 John Kingsley Birge: ֊ ‘Bektashiism in Albania,’ 1937 Margaret Hasluck: - ‘Baba Tomor,’ 1939 Anon.: - ‘The Mokattam Tekke of Cairo,’ 1953 Osman Myderrizi: - ‘The Beginnings of Bektashi Literature in Albania,’ 1955 Kurt Seliger: - ‘Meeting the Pope of the Bektashi,’ 1957 Hans Joachim Kissling: ֊ On the Origins of the Bektashi in Albania,’ 1962 Dorothea Russell: - ‘The Bektashi Monastery in Cairo,’ 1962 Jules Leroy: ֊ ‘A Visit to the Tekke of the Bektashis in Cairo,’ 1963 Georg Stadtmüller: - ‘The Bektashi Dervish Order in Albania,’ 1971 Frances Trix: - ‘The Ashura Lament of Baba Rexheb,’ 1995 Nathalie Clayer: - ‘Bektashism and Albanian Nationalism,’ 1995 Nathalie Clayer: ֊ ‘The Sacred Haunts of the Albanian Bektashi,’ 1996 Machiei Kiel: - ‘Durbali Sultan Resurrected?,’ 2009 Chapter 3 THE TEKKES AND SHRINES OF THE ALBANIAN BEKTASHI Tekkes and Shrines in Albania Map of Albania (showing cities and towns with tekkes) Alipostivan (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Abdullah Aranitas (Mallakastra, Albania): the dervishia of Aranitas Backa (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Baba Fetah Bënça (Tepelena, Albania): the dervishia of Bënça Berat (Berat, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ali Bilača (Dibra, Albania): the tekke of Jusuf Baba Borsh (Saranda, Albania): the tekke of Baba Xhafer Brerima (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Baba Xhafer Bubės і Pare (Permet, Albania) : the tekke of Baba Jemin Bubės і
Sipërm (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ali Bulqiza (Bulqiza, Albania) : the tekke of Bulqiza Cakran (Fier, Albania): the tekke of Cakran Çerrica (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Çerrica Çorrush (Mallakastra, Albania): the dervishia of Çorrush Delvina (Delvina, Albania): the dervishia of Beqir Efendi Drisht (Shkodra, Albania): the tyrbe of Baba Kamber Drizar (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Baba Xhelal Dukaj (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Dukaj Dushk (Gramsh, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ahmet Elbasan (Elbasan, Albania): the tekke of Ibrahim Xhefai Baba 84 87 89 93 95 97 99 108 113 117 120 122 126 138 161 173 177 177 178 178 178 179 179 179 181 181 181 181 181 182 182 182 182 182 183 183 183 184
Contents Elbasan (Elbasan, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ali Horasanı Elbasan (Elbasan, Albania): the tekke of Baba Hamit Frashër (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Tahir Nasibi Fratar (Mallakastra, Albania) : the dervishia of Fratar Fushë Kruja (Kruja, Albania): the tekke of Shemimi Baba Gjirokastra (Gjirokastra, Albania): the Gravel tekke of Asim Baba Gjirokastra (Gjirokastra, Albania): the Hajdërije tekke of Baba Sulejman Gjirokastra (Gjirokastra, Albania): the tekke of Baba Zejnel Gjonëm/Gjorm (Kurbin, Albania): the tekke of Hajdar Baba Gjorm (Vlora, Albania): the tekke of Gjorm Gllava (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Ismail Baba Golimbas (Vlora, Albania): the tekke of Haxhi Baba Mehmet Aliu Gorisht (Vlora, Albania): the tekke of Gorisht Greshica (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Baba Husejn Gumen (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Husejn Hekal (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Hekal Kanina (Vlora, Albania): the tekke of Sinan Pasha Kapaj (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ismail Këlcyra (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Hasan Dede Kiçok (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Kamber Komar (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Islam Koshtan (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Sadik Kosina (Permet, Albania): the dervishia of Kosina Kostrec (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Kostrec Krahës (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Husejn Kremenar (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Baba Hasan Kreshova (Kolonja, Albania): the tekke of Baba Hasan Kruja (Kruja, Albania): the tekke of Baba Hamza Kruja (Kruja, Albania): the tekke of Haxhi Jahja Baba Kruja (Kruja,
Albania): the tyrbe of Mustafa Dollma Kruja (Kruja, Albania): the tyrbe of Zemzi Baba Kruja, Mount (Kruja, Albania): the tyrbe of Sari Saltik Kuç (Devoll, Albania): the tekke of Baba Kasem Kuç (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Kuç Kuta (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Baba Rifat Lavdar (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Lavdar Leskovik (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Abedin Lushnja (Lushnja, Albania): the tyrbe of Baba Skënder Luz і madh (Kavaja, Albania): the tekke of Baba Sako Maricaj (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Musa Martanesh (Bulqiza, Albania): the tekke of Balim Sultan Martanesh (Bulqiza, Albania): the tekke of Haxhi Hysen Baba Matohasanaj (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Salih Mazreka (Korça, Albania): the tekke of Mazreka xi 187 188 189 191 191 193 194 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 199 199 200 202 202 202 203 203 204 204 204 205 205 206 207 207 208 208 210 211 211 211 211 212 212 212 213 216 216 216
xii Contents Mbyet (Fier, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ali Horasanı Melan (Gjirokastra, Albania) : the tekke of Baba Ah Melçan ( Korça, Albania) : the tekke of Baba Hysen Memaliaj (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Memaliaj Ngrançija (Mallakastra, Albania): the tekke of Ngrançija Osmënzeza (Berat, Albania): the tekke of Baba Iljaz Pacomit (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Pacomit Permet (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Bektash Permet (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ali Permet (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Zenei Petran (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Petran Picar (Gjirokastra, Albania): the dervishia of Baba Hasan Plasa (Korça, Albania): the tyrbe of Plasa Plashnik (Berat, Albania): the tekke of Baba Muharrem Podgoran (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Podgoran Polena (Korça, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ismail Prishta (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Baba Tahir Progonat (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Progonat Pulaha (Korça, Albania): the tyrbe of Pulaha Qatrom (Korça, Albania): the tekke of Beqir Efendi Qesaraka (Kolonja, Albania): the tekke of Haxhi Baba Horasanı Qesarat (Tepelena, Albania): the tyrbe of Qesarat Rabija (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Selman Rodenj (Permet, Albania): the tyrbe of Rodenj Rozeç (Tepelena, Albania): the dervishia of Rozeç Sanjollas (Kolonja, Albania): the tekke of Baba Sulejman Saranda (Saranda, Albania): the tekke of Dede Reshat Bardhi Shëmbërdhenj (Gramsh, Albania): the tekke of Baba Mustafa Shkoza (Vlora, Albania): the tekke of Shkoza Shullaz (Kurbin, Albania): the tekke of Baba Isak Smokthina (Vlora, Albania): the tekke
of Smokthina Starja (Kolonja, Albania): the tekke of Baba Husejn Straficka (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Baba Meleq Suka (Permet, Albania): the tekke of Baba Tahir Tepelena (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Demir Han Therepel (Skrapar, Albania): the tekke of Baba Behlul Tirana (Tirana, Albania): the Kryegjyshata Tomorr, Mount (Berat, Albania): the tekke of Kulmak Turan (Korça, Albania): the tekke of Baba Salih Elbasani Turan (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Ali Velabisht (Berat, Albania): the tekke of Baba Kamber Veliqot (Tepelena, Albania): the tekke of Baba Hysen Vloçisht (Korça, Albania): the tekke of Vloçisht Vlora (Vlora, Albania): the tekke of Kusum Baba Vokopola (Berat, Albania): the tekke of Baba Tahir 217 217 218 219 220 220 220 220 222 222 222 222 223 223 223 223 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 228 229 229 230 230 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 234 237 239 239 240 240 240 241
Contents xiii Vrëpska (Korça, Albania): the tekke of Vrëpska Zërqan (Bulqiza, Albania): the tyrbe of Baba Hysen Zhepova (Permet, Albania): the tyrbe of Zhepova 241 242 242 Tekkes and Shrines in Kosovo Map of Kosovo 243 Gjakova (Gjakova, Kosovo): the tekke of Shemseddin Baba Kaçanik (Kaçanik, Kosovo): the tekke of Kaçanik Mitrovica (Mitrovica, Kosovo): the tekke of Mustafa Baba Peja (Peja, Kosovo): the tekke of Peja Prizren (Prizren, Kosovo): the tekke of Baba Adem 243 244 244 245 245 Tekkes and Shrines in the Republic of Macedonia Map of Republic of Macedonia 246 Kanatlar (Prilep, Macedonia): the tekke of Dikmen Baba Kërçova, (Kërçova, Macedonia): the tekke of Hidër Baba Makedonski Brod (Makedonski Brod, Macedonia): tyrbe of Hidër Baba Poroj (Tetova, Macedonia): the tekke of Jarar Baba Saint Naum (Ohrid, Macedonia): the Monastery of Saint Naum Shipkovica (Tetova, Macedonia): the tekke of Kojun Baba Skopje (Skopje, Macedonia): the tekkes of Mustafa Baba, Sulejman Baba and Axhem Zade Hasan Efendi Tekija (ilinden, Macedonia): the tekke of Ahmet Karadja Tetova (Tetova, Macedonia): the Harabati tekke Veles (Veles, Macedonia): the tekke of Haxhi Baba Vertok (Gostivar, Macedonia): the tekke of Baba Xhafer 246 247 Tekkes and Shrines in Greece Corfu (Epirus, Greece): the Church of Saint Spyridon Didymóteichon (Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece): the tekke of Seyyid Ali Sultan Elassona (Thessaly, Greece): the tekke of Salih Baba Farsala (Thessaly, Greece): the tekke of Durballi Sultan Heraklion (Crete, Greece): the tekke of Ali Dede Horasanı Juma (West Macedonia, Greece): the
tekke of Piri Baba Kastoria (West Macedonia, Greece): the tekke of Kasem Baba Katerini (Central Macedonia, Greece): the tekke of Abdullah Baba Konitsa (Epirus, Greece): the tekke of Hysejn Baba Odra (Western Macedonia, Greece): the tekke of Emine Baba Vodhorina (Western Macedonia, Greece): the tekke of Emine Baba 248 248 249 249 249 250 251 254 255 256 256 257 257 257 260 261 262 263 264 264 264
XIV Contents Tekkes and Shrines in Other Countries Hacıbektaşköy (central Anatolia, Turkey): the pir evi of Hacı Bektaş Veli Cairo (Egypt): the Mokattani tekke Taylor (Detroit, Michigan, United States): the First Albanian Bektashi tekke in America Chapter 4 NOTED HISTORICAL AND LEGENDARY FIGURES OF THE ALBANIAN BEKTASHI Abaz Hilmi, Dede Baba Abbas Ali Abdullah Baba of Melçan Abedin Baba of Leskovik Adem Baba of Prizren Adem Vexh-hi Baba of Gjakova Ahmet Baba of Prishta Ahmet Baba of Turan Ahmet Karadja Ahmet Myftari, Dede Baba Ahmet Sirri Baba of Mokattani Ali Baba of Berat Ali Baba of Tomorr Ali Baba Horasanı of Fushë Kruja Ali Haqi Baba of Gjirokastra Ali Riza of Elbasan, Dede Baba Alush Baba of Frashër Arshi Baba of Durballi Sultan Arshi Baba of Gjirokastra Asim Baba of Gjirokastra Balim Sultan of Dimetoka, Dylgjer Hysejni of Elbasan Edmond Brahimaj, Dede Baba Faja Martaneshi Baba Fetah Baba of Backa Hajdar Hatěmi Baba of Gjonëm Hajdër Baba of Kardhiq HajiBektash Hasan Dede of Permet Haxhi Baba Horasanı of Permet Haxhi Baba of Fushë Kruja Hidër Baba of Makedonski Brod Hysen Baba of Melçan Hysen Kukeli Baba of Fushë Kruja Ibrahim Baba of Qesaraka 266 266 267 271 273 273 274 275 275 275 276 277 277 278 278 279 281 282 283 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 292 293 293 294 295
Contents Ibrahim Xhefai Baba of Elbasan Iljaz Vërzhezha, Dervish Kamber Ali, Dede Baba Kasem Baba of Kastaria Kusum Baba of Vlora Lutfi Baba of Mokattani Mehmet Baba of Fushë Kruja Meleq Shëmbërdhenji Baba Muharrem Baba of Frashër Muharrem Mahzuni Baba of Durballi Sultan Myrteza Baba of Fushë Kruja Qazim Baba of Elbasan Qazim Baba of Gjakova Qamil Baba of Gllava Reshat Bardhi, Dede Baba Rexheb Baba of Gjirokastra Salih Baba of Matohasanaj Salih Nijazi, Dede Baba Sari Saltik Seit Baba of Durballi Sultan Selim Kaliçani Baba ofMartanesh Selim Ruhi Baba of Gjirokastra Selman Xhemali Baba of Elbasan Sersem Ali Baba of Tetova Shemimi Baba of Fushë Kruja Sulejman Baba of Gjirokastra Tahir Nasibi Baba of Frashër Tahir Baba of Prishta Xhafer Sadíku, Dede Baba Glossary of Terms Notes Bibliography Index XV 295 296 296 297 298 299 300 300 302 302 302 303 303 304 304 304 305 307 308 311 311 312 313 314 314 316 318 318 319 320 324 337 355
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INDEX Note: Locators with letter ‘n refer to notes. Abas Ali shrine 168,225, 236 Abaz Hilmi Dede Baba 12,215,222,233, 273, 274,279,289, 303 Abbas Ali (Imam Alis son) 49, 68, 81-3, 96, 124,161,162, 166-71, 226,234, 235, 274,296 grave of 83, 96,124, 161, 162, 166-9, 170, 274 shrine 82,167, 170, 171, 234-5 tyrbe 234, 237,296 Abbas Ali Tyrbe 234 Abdal Tekkes 93, 267 Abdullah al- Maghawiri Mosque 97 Abdullah Baba Tekke 263-4 Abdullah Magauri Tekke (Sidi Abdullah al-Maghawiri) 267-71 Abdylgani Baba 243, 244 Abedin Pasha Tekke 211-12 Abiddin Baba 212 Adam and Eve 106 Adrianopolis 115,123 Ahmet Karadja (Karadja Ahmet Sultan) 250, 251,278 Ahmet Karadja Tekke 250-1 Ahmet Myftari Dede 12,108-12,183,215, 230, 233,274,278-9, 302, 304, 312 Ahmet Sirri Baba of Mokattani (Ahmet Sirri Baba of Glina) 97, 98,263, 269, 271,279-81, 300, 305, 316 Ajize Baba 166 Albania/Albanian admission to the League of Nations 58 ban on religion 13,14,162,169,187, 188 civil war 12,171, 278 Congress of Elbasan 53, 54 Constitution 13, 57, 77,144,148, 156-7,234 flag 132,133, 156,157 independence 2,8, 9, 29, 57,60, 63, 64, 77, 78, 81, 86, 87, 94, 201,212, 229, 275, 301,330 nn.113-14 independence struggle 138-60 nationalism 29, 60-1,138-60 religious harmony 14,153-4 Supreme Regency Council 153,154, 155 Venetian rule in 45 Albanian Knowledge’ Club 146 Albanian language 8, 73 propagation of teaching/learning 8, 77, 141-8, 180, 193,195,204, 216,229, 293-4, 296, 305-7 Albanian National Bank 8 alcohol 2,27, 65, 66, 67, 84,108, 123,163, 223, 284 Alevi Islam 1 Ali, Imam 1-3, 30, 33, 50,65, 67, 70, 94, 106, 118, 132,
159,235 Ali Baba 51, 52, 70, 238, 252 Ali Baba Gega 193 Ali Baba Horasanı of Fushë Kruja 283-4 Ali Baba Horasanı Trybę 188,191,193, 284, 314 Ali Baba of Berat 281 Ali Baba Tyrbe 70, 191,193, 238,263, 284 Ali Day (2 August) 165, 166, 309 Ali Dede 252 Ali Dede Horasanı Tekke 260-1 Ali Haqi Baba of Gjirokastra 2,185,193, 194, 196,198, 217, 219, 227, 232, 239, 262,263, 284, 291, 312 Ali Kamberi of Prishta 233, 296-7 Ali Pasha Tepelena and Yannina 6-7,20, 56-7, 63, 85, 94, 98,102, 113,183, 256,258, 262,263, 302,315 Alipostivan Tekke 15,178
356 Index Ali Resmi Baba of Crete 261 Ali Riza Dede Baba 188,189, 233,259, 285 Ali Riza Dede Baba of Elbasan, 285,297 Allah 22,27, 52,110,115,132,133,138, 217,239 alms box 44,47,49, 54, 55,117,167,186, 192, 209,235,284 altar 42, 65, 83, 221 America, Bektashi Albanians in 14,126, 127, 137,153,239, 271,277 support to Albanians 153 amulet 40, 96,120, 250,280 Aqif Pasha Elbasani 59,186,213 Arabic script 8, 9, 41, 77,89, 99,104-5, 145,166,217,283 Aranitas Dervishia 178 Arshi Baba of Durballi Sultan 286 Arshi Baba of Gjirokastra 286-7 ashik (lover) 3,127, 312, 313 ashura feast (tenth day of Muharrem) 2, 12,117 Ashura Lament (Baba Rexheb) 126-37 Balkan antecedents 130-2 ceremonial context 132-4 English and Albanian texts 134-7 Ottoman antecedent 127-9 Asim Baba of Gjirokastra 6,11,15,105, 159,189,194,196,198, 207,217, 219, 227,232,239, 283, 287,291 Asim Baba Tekke (Gravel Tekke) 6,11,15, 79, 159,189,193-4, 196,198, 207, 217, 219,227,232,239, 284, 291 Askeri, Hasan 3, 30 Assumption of the Virgin Mary, feast of 49, 124, 167, 235 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 1,11,117,188, 233, 266,270, 307, 313 ‘Auspicious Event’ of 1826 5,7,44, 63,218 autonomy 2, 8, 29, 78,86,139,141,145, 148, 152,154,155 Avdi Pasha 242 Axhem Zade Hasan Efendi Tekke 249-50 babas!dervishes (leader/monks) appointment of 60 cleanliness and orderliness 50, 51,148, 190,253 exiled/imprisoned/refugees 6,13, 75, 76-7, 79-80,102-4, 115, 138, 144, 153,191,194, 218,219,220, 224, 232, 233, 242, 264,277, 305-6, 327 n.74, 328 n.82, 330 n.113, 332 n.138 hierarchical structure 3-4 kindness and hospitality 44,67,70, 74, 82-3, 86,
108,117,168,195-6, 201, 221,225,317 married 31,46, 51, 59,64,65, 250, 261 obedience 45,48 pastimes 52 services and duties 33 support to çetas (armed bands) 147-8 unmarried/celibate 4,27, 31, 32,46, 51, 55, 58, 59, 64-5,67,91,112,119, 121, 227, 244, 255,261,270, 280, 305, 308, 313, 317, 328 n.97, 330 n.114 used as spies 6-7,56 wartime impact on 9-10, 76-80 Baba Abaz Hilmi of Frashër 233 Baba Abaz Malaj 228 Baba Abdullah 178,218 Baba Abdullah of Melçan 224,229, 237, 275, 300, 318 Baba Abdullah Tekke 178,218,229, 263, 275 Baba Abdurrahman 244 Baba Abdylgani 244 Baba Abdylgani grave 243 Baba Abdyl Shehu 219 Baba Abedin Gllava 198 Baba Abedin Hoxhaj 230 Baba Abedin Leskoviku 211-12,229,275, 299 Baba Abedin of Backa 76 Baba Abedin of Frashër 77-9,148, 295 Baba Abedin Tekke 211-12 Baba Adem 139, 218,244 Baba Adem Mahmutaj 189 Baba Adem of Backa 238,239 Baba Adem of Melçan 75,183,189,275, 293 Baba Adem Tekke 139,245,276,293 Baba Adem Vexh-hi of Gjakova 244,276, 319 Baba Ahmed Serri Dede 120-1, 280 Baba Ahmet 210, 224,277 Baba Ahmet Dėdėj 186,188
Index Baba Ahmet Koshtani 77, 80, 282 Baba Ahmet Nazereci/Nazereka 183,184 Baba Ahmet of Koshtan 77, 80 Baba Ahmet of Prishta 144, 220, 277, 303 Baba Ahmet Resuli 203-4 Baba Ahmet Tekke (Dushk/Gramsh) 144, 183,210, 220, 224,277 Baba Ahmet Turani 10,11, 79, 81,154, 180,187,189,196, 212, 213,219, 222, 239,273, 277, 282, 316, 319 Baba Ali 47,100, 178 Baba Ali Dedej 185 Baba Ali Horasanı 201, 227, 228, 314 Baba Ali Horasanı of Persia 201 Baba Ali Horasanı Tekke 187-8, 217 Baba Aliko Tekke 138 Baba Ali Myrteza of Fushë Kruja 12, 302 Baba Ali of Gjirokastra 75 Baba Ali Rizaj of Korça 188, 215 Baba Ali shrine 238 Baba Ali Tekke 7,47,178, 217, 222, 227, 239, 267,284, 300 Baba Ali Tekke (Alipostivan) 178 Baba Ali Tekke (Berat) 179 Baba Ali Tomori (Ali Tyrabiu/Turabiu) 7, 12, 75-81, 85, 95-6,157, 171,198, 229, 235, 282-3, 297,318-19 Baba Alush of Frashër 75-6,139, 148,189, 276, 285-6 Baba Arif Pervekushi/Devekushti 183 Baba Arshi Bazaj 271,286 Baba Avdulla 205, 206 Baba Barjam Mah m utaj 220, 289 Baba Behlul 232 Baba Behlul of Therepel 78 Baba Behlul Tekke 232-3 Baba Bektash Aliaj 198 Baba Bektashi of Vlora 198 Baba Bektash Kodheli 229 Baba Braho. See İbrahim Baba of Qesaraka Baba Dalıp Tekke 181 Baba Daut Agjahi 184 Baba Daut Tyrbe 185 Baba Dino grave 199 Baba Ejup Rakipi 247 Baba Eski 165 Baba Faik Selmani 187,188 Baba Faja Martaneshi 12, 215, 233, 273, 289-90, 303 357 Baba Fehmi of Tepelena 233,279 Baba Fejzë Bulqiza 181-2,242 Baba Fejzo Dervishi 12,233,273, 289 Baba Fetah 178-9, 290, 300 Baba Fetah Tekke/grave 178-9,199 Baba Gani 244 Baba Hafiz 210,298 Baba Hafiz Ali 244 Baba
Hafiz of Kuç 79 Baba Hajdar 216, 237, 264 Baba Hajdar Hashimia 100 Baba Hajdar Hatěmi 255, 290-1 Baba Hajdar Leskoveci 213,214 Baba Hajdër of Kardhiq 77,194,277, 291, 316 Baba Hajdër Plaku 194 Baba Hajra 189 Baba Hajra of Turan 214 Baba Halil Curri 193 Baba Halim of Nishova 232 Baba Hamit (of Dibra) Tekke 188-9, 285 Baba Hamit of Melçan 178 Baba Hamza 244 Baba Hamza Tekke 206 Baba Hasan 204, 205, 206 Baba Hasan Dede Sultan 292 Baba Hasan Tekke (Kremenar) 205 Baba Hasan Tekke (Kreshova) 205 Baba Hasan Tyrbe 219-20,223 Baba Haxhi 235 Baba Haxhi Adem grave 243 Baba Haxhi Adem of Prizren 244, 275-6, 303 Baba Hekuran Nikollari 178 Baba Hilmi 229, 230 Baba Husejn 224 Baba Husejn Axhemi 219 Baba Husejn Gumaj 228 Baba Husejn Tekke/Baruç Tekke 230-1 Baba Husejn Tekke (Greshica) 199 Baba Husejn Tekke (Gumen) 199 Baba Hussein Tekke 47,192 Baba Hysejn grave 199 Baba Hysejn of Backa 189 Baba Hysen Duhanxhiu 184 Baba Hysen Kukeli 191,242, 294-5,292, 298 Baba Hysen of Kruja 75, 76 Baba Hysen of Martanesh Tyrbe 242
358 Baba Hysen of Melçan 77, 78, 142,144, 147-8, 218,293-4, 300 Baba Hysen of Melçan Tekke 142,144, 218, 293 Baba Hysen of Skorovot 229 Baba Hysen of Skrapar 81 Baba Hysen of Vérien 77,218 Baba Hysen Rama of Martanesh (Hysen Martaneshi) 213 Baba Hysen Tekke 218-19, 240 Baba Hysni Shehu 216 Baba Ibrahim 149,151,196, 295 Baba Ibrahim Kukes 187 Baba Ibrahim Shkembi 227 Baba Iljaz 224, 240 Baba Iljaz (Elias) 220 Baba Iljaz Tekke 220 Baba-i-madh Kamber Ali 84, 225,231 Baba Isak Tekke 230 Baba Islam 203,211 Baba Islam Islamaj 212 Baba Ismail 80,103-4,198 Baba Ismail Jangulli 180 Baba Ismail of Gllava 78 Baba Ismail Tekke 202, 223-4 Baba Isuf 142,180 Baba Jahja 227 Baba Jashar Krena 213, 214,216 Baba Jemin Tekke 181 Baba Jonuz Zhepa/Xhepa 183 Baba Jusuf Tekke 179-80 Baba Kamber 203 Baba Kamber Ali 189, 224, 233,261, 285, 297, 302 Baba Kamber of Berat 80 Baba Kamber Tekke 202, 239-40 Baba Kamber Tyrbe 182-3 Baba Kameri 183-4 Baba Kasem Tekke 210 Baba Kasem Tyrbe 210, 223 Baba Kaso (Kasem) 204 Baba Manes 146,194,195, 316 Baba Meço 190 Baba Mehmed Ali of Merdivenköy 75 Baba Mehmet Aliu 198 Baba Mehmet of Fushë Krnja 195,288, 300 Baba Mehmet Shemseddin of Gjakova 244 Baba Mehmet Zykaj 191 Index Baba Meleq 178,229 Baba Meleq Shëmbërdhenji (Baba Meleq Staravecka) 76,141,149-51,229, 300-1 Baba Meleq Shëmbërdhenji (Baba Meleq Staravecka) Tekke 231 Baba Meleq Shëmbërdhenji (Baba Meleq Staravecka) Tyrbe 229 Baba Meleq Staravecka. See Baba Meleq Shëmbërdhenji Baba Mestan 179 Baba Muço 224 Baba Muharrem 203,206, 223,247 Baba Muharrem Agushi of Tepelena 205 Baba Muharrem Mahmutaj of Lázárát
189 Baba Muharrem Malmini 211,275 Baba Muharrem Mahzuni of Durballi Sultan 300, 302 Baba Muharrem Mahzuni of Gjirokastra 258 Baba Muharrem of Koshtan 75 Baba Muharrem Tekke 223 Baba Mümin Lama 244 Baba Murat 190,198 Baba Musa 254, 255 Baba Musa of Gjakova 247 Baba Musa Tekke 212-13 Baba Mustafa 184,190,191, 219,289 Baba Mustafa Dollma Tyrbe 90 Baba Mustafa Dolma 45,207, 219 Baba Mustafa of Frashër 81 Baba Mustafa Qefshi (Mustafa Baltëza of Fushë Kraja) 184,185 Baba Mustafa Tekke 229-30, 301 Baba Mustafa Xhani (Baba Faja Martaneshi) 215 Baba Myheddin of Gllava 80,198 Baba of Kastoria 210 Baba Pajo Hasa 184 Baba Qamil Gjini of Vlora 217 Baba Qamil Gllava of Tepelena 12, 304 Baba Qamil Kapllani of Vërzhezha 198 Baba Qazim 113,143,219, 226,254, 288 Baba Qazim Bakalii of Gjakova 13,244, 247, 303-4 Baba Qazim Beratı 259 Baba Qazim (Kasem) Tekke 262-3 Baba Qazim of Aranitas 240 Baba Qazim of Elbasan 303
Index Baba Qazim of Qatrom 143,144, 218-19, 226, 294 Baba Qazim Plaku grave 226 Baba Rakip 183 Baba Ramadan grave 226 Baba Ramadan of Qatrom 81 Baba Rexheb of Gjirokastra 13, 304-5, 312-13,314 Baba Rexheb of Plevisht 184 Baba Rifat (Rifaat Baba, Baba Refat) 211 Baba Rifat Tekke 211 Baba Rushit Tollja 179-80, 214 Baba Rystem Llacja of Gjirokastra 189, 285 Baba Sadik Ibro 188 Baba Sadik Tekke 203-4 Baba Sako Tekke 212 Baba Salih Elbasani 218,255, 284 Baba Salih Elbasani Tekke 237-9 Baba Salih of Elbasan 77, 79, 218 Baba Salih of Matohasanaj 144, 216, 305-7 Baba Salih shrine 238 Baba Salih Tekke 216 Baba Sali Matohasani 198 Baba Seit Koka of Skrapar 259 Baba Seit (Seyid) 212 Baba Sejfullah Melani 217 Baba Selim of Gjirokastra 79, 81, 217, 283 Baba Selim of Maslavica 205 Baba Selim Ruhi 153,189,193,217, 223, 284, 304-5, 308, 312-13 Baba Selim the Elder of Elbasan 194 Baba Selman of Martanesh 227 Baba Selman Tekke (Tepelena) 227-8 Baba Seyyit 174 Baba Shaban 184,203, 237, 273 Baba Shaban of Prishta 77, 78, 80, 279,282 Baba Shaban Shkëmbi 227 Baba Shefket Koshtani of Tepelena 12, 277 Baba Shefqet Koshtani (Shefqet Mahmuti/ Baba Shefqet Gllava) 204 Baba Sheme 190 Baba Shemimi 102,255 Baba Shemimi of Fushë Kruja 100-1, 316 Baba Shëmin of Kruja 85 Baba Shemja of Frashër 79 Baba Shemseddin (Baba Shemsi Plaku) 243-4 Baba Sherif Canometaj 187,188 359 Baba Sherif of Çorrush 182 Baba Shukri 227 Baba Skënder Tyrbe 212 Baba Sulejman 10, 59, 79, 81,194,195, 249 Baba Sulejman of Barmash 229 Baba Sulejman of Gjirokastra 154,218, 277, 300, 316-17 Baba Sulejman of Leskovik 279 Baba Sulejman
Tekke 228-9 Baba Sulo 204 Baba Sulo grave 199 Baba Tahir 170, 263,315 Baba Tahir Bubėsi 258-9 Baba Tahir Emini 254 Baba Tahir Hyseni of Qesarat 184,215 Baba Tahir Nasibi of Frashër 264, 302, 316,318 Baba Tahir Nasibi Tekke 189-91 Baba Tahir Nesibiu 101,102-3 Baba Tahir of Crete 7,170,224, 315, 318 Baba Tahir Tekke/Tyrbe 84,190-1, 224-5, 231,241 Baba Tajar Gashi 244 Baba Tajar Gashi of Gostivar 304 Baba Tekke 20, 254, 314 BabaXhafer 181, 214,224 Baba Xhafer of Prishta 75 Baba Xhaferr Karriqi of Gjirokastra 214 Baba Xhafer Sadíku 12, 222, 233,273, 319 Baba Xhafer Tekke 181, 220,255 Baba Xhafer Tekke (Borsh) 181 Baba Xhafer Tekke (Brerima) 181 BabaXhelal Tekke 183 Baba Xhemal (Baba Selman Xhemali of Elbasan) 205,206, 242,313-14, 319 Baba Xhemali Tekke 187-8, 314 Baba Xhemal of Permet 77, 81 Baba Xhemal Shkëmbi 227 Baba Xhevher of Persia 201 Baba Zejnel Abedin of Backa 189,190 Baba Zejnel of Gjirokastra Tekke 196-7 Baba Zejnel of Kruja 80 Baba Zenei 198, 278 Baba Zenei grave 226 Baba Zenei Tekke 222 Baba Zeqir 219 Baba Zeqir of Korça 230 Baba Zija 247
360 Baba Zija Pasholli of Kanatlar 247 Baba Zoto Tyrbe 205 Baba Zylfo 218-19, 237, 294 Baba Zylfo of Melçan 11, 307 Babinger, Franz 69-72,113,123,179,191, 202, 210,211, 226, 228, 231,239, 312 bacılar 2 Backa Tekke 178-9,183, 300 Baghdad 2,45,46,279, 313 Bairam Aga 20-1 Bajo Topulli 77,147,218, 294, 295 Bakir, Muhammed З, 30 Balaban Bey 72 Baldacci, Antonio 27-9 Balim Sultan 4,123, 287-8 Balim Sultan Tyrbe/Tekke 43, 213,214, 216,242,251,257,266,314 Balkan region spread of Bektashi in 6-7 Balkan Wars 8-9,64, 67,152,168,193, 195,197,257, 265, 303 Balli Baba Tekke 20 Balli Kombëtar (The National Front) (anti communist resistance group) 205, 237,297, 305 Bardhi, Reshat. See Dede Baba Reshat Bardhi Bashkimi (Union) Club 147 Battle of Kerbela 106,124 Battuta, Ibn 308 Bayezid II4,113,114,288 Bazaj, Arshi. See Arshi Baba of Durballi Sultan beard 24, 36,41,63, 70, 74, 82,108, 214, 221,225,268,289, 310 Bejkua, Veisel Efendi 146,195 Bektash Cakrani 78 Bektashi of Albania age, eligibility for initiation 110 Alevi communities 14 arrival and expansion in Albania 6-12, 63-4,85,93-4, 101,113-16, 123-5, 154-6,161-72 banning and abolition of 5-6,7,12-13, 90,125,155, 169,188, 200, 210, 284 communist rule, impact of 12-13,133, 159,162,171,174,178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184,191, 193, 196, 197, Index 198,199,200, 201,202, 203,204, 205,206-7,208, 210, 211,212,213, 215,216,217,219,220, 222,223, 224,225,226,227,228, 230,231, 232,233,234,236,237,239,240, 241,242,259,263,273,274,278, 279,280,283,284,289,297, 302, 303, 304, 305, 312, 319, 331 n.136, 332 n.138 conversion to Bektashism 8, 56, 57,85,
161,225,263,297 core beliefs and features 1-4, 5,8, 30-4,48, 58, 62-3, 65-6, 84-5, 87, 91-2,109,118,121,123, 317 decline of 15-16 faith 3, 30-1,101 funding and subsidies 111 Haji Bektash as founder of the order (iSee Haji Bektash Veli) hierarchical structure/ranks 3-4, 31-2, 46,48, 54, 56, 58, 60, 64-5, 82, 91, 108,118-19,120-1, 122-3 history and culture 1-16 liberality of 2, 20, 28,45,48, 58,60, 62, 70,80, 82, 83,84, 112, 199 national spirit 29, 59, 60,63-4, 75-81, 86,110-11, 125,138-60,189,215, 222,282-3, 284,286,287, 301, 312 origins (in Turkey) 1, 4-6, 56, 62-3, 70, 85,87,90,113,122-3,161-72 orthodox Muslims (differences/ accusations/controversies) 44-5, 48, 54-5, 57, 58, 60,65, 66, 67-8, 84, 86, 87, 92, 93,110,118,121, 122-3, 196 political perspective 2-3 population and propagation in Albania 56 post-1990 revival of 13-16 recognised as an official religious community 10,11,87,125,153-6 recovery of 13-14 relations with Orthodox Christians 8, 27,44, 54, 57, 60-1,62,64, 66-8, 71-2,86,89, 90, 109,116, 118, 122, 123,124, 153,165 reports and scholarly articles 17-175 secrets/mysteries of Bektashism 84-5, 86,109-10, 119,123
Index statistics 14, 87, ПО, 121,124-5,153-4 wartime impact 9-10 women 2, 31, 32, 37, 65, 66, 75, 84, 85, 95, 97, 112, 118-19, 123, 163,209, 249, 262,310-11 Bektashi Notebook (Fletore e Bektashinjet) 2, 3,125,149 Bektashi Order of Dervishes, The (Birge) 93,113 Bektashism 1, 4, 8, 15, 56, 57, 64, 67, 68, 84, 85, 154, 158, 275, 284, 326 n.72, 329 n.112, 331 n.136 Bënça Dervishia 179 Beqir Efendi Dervishia 182 Beqir Efendi Tekke 226 Beqiri, Abdyl 254 Beqiri, Rexheb. See Baba Rexheb of Gjirokastra Berat 7, 27,48, 73, 79, 166,170,179, 292 Berat Tekke 48,79, 220, 281 Bërzezhda, Colonel Halit 147 Bethel 39 betrothal 33 Beyazıt I 93 Biçaku, Aqif (Aqif Pasha Elbasani) 154 Biçaku, Aqif Pasha 10 Birge, John Kingsley 93-4,113,188,193, 207, 314 Bishop of Trimythous 256 Bismarck, Otto von 63 Eliaca Tekke 80,141,142,179-80, 278 border disputes, Albanian-Greek 9-10 Borsh Tekke 181 Bosnia, Bektashi diaspora in 44 Bosnia and Herzegovina 92,171 Boué, Ami 249 Bourcart, Jacques 214 boza (millet beer) 51, 93, 325 n.40 Braçi, Mustafa 229 Brailsford, Henry 245,276 Brataj Tekke 278 bread 27,42, 74, 83,215,221,283 Brerima Tekke 181 brotherhood, Bektashi 27-8, 30, 66,152 Bubės і Pare (First Bubės) Tekke 181 Bubës i Sipërm (Upper Bubës) Tekke 181 Buda, Aleks 108-10,111-12 Buddhism 84 Bujak Tekke 261, 262 361 Bulqiza Tekke 181-2 Bumçi, Luigj (Bishop of Lezha) 10, 60, 154 burial 33,44, 117, 270 Busch-Zantner, Richard 87-92 Butka, Sali bey 218,295, 330 n.l 14 Buza, Tafii 80,198 cabbalism 1, 52 Cairo Tekke 97-8,117-19,120-1,141, 224,267, 329 n.113, 330 n.l 19 Cakran Tekke 182 calligraphy 24, 46,192,
207,260 Candia Tekke 260-1,296, 318 candles 23, 40, 65, 74, 95,199, 248, 251, 309 Caritas 14 cat, as holy animal 90 Catholics, in Albania 14,127,153 Çelebi, Evliya 6, 17-18, 19, 75, 93, 94, 99, 100, 113-15, 123, 162, 163, 165, 166, 200, 241, 244-5, 263, 292, 299 celibacy 4, 27, 32,46, 55, 58, 59,64-5, 67, 117,121,227, 305, 308,313 Çeno, Mehmet. See Baba Mehmet of Fushë Krnja Çerrica Tekke 182 chapel 42,44,46,47, 70,83,248,293 cheese 27, 73, 123, 196 Chinese Revolution 13 Choublier, Max 50-2, 252 Christians and Bektashis, relations between 8,13-14,122, 332 n.136 churches destruction of 13 revival of 14 Church of St. Demetrius 20 cigarettes 52, 84,223, 231 Cilka, Grigor 148 Clayer, Nathalie 7,138-72, 247,251 coffee 50, 51, 55, 70, 71, 84, 108, 231,283 communist dictatorship 12-13,159,174, 178, 201, 232, 234, 312 recovery of 13-14 Conference of London 79 confession 27,123 Congress of Berlin 7 Congress of Monastir 145
362 Index Constantinople 10, 28, 54, 57, 63, 87,91, 256, 278, 301, 307 Convention on the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Population 9-10 copper 24,25, 52, 55, 97 Corfu Tekke 38 Çorrush Tekke 182, 211 Covel, J. 115 Crete, Bektashi in 5,7, 318 cudgels 23,25, 26 Cultural Revolution, in Albania 13,125, 238 Dede Baba Abaz Hilmi 273-4 Dede Baba Edmond Brahimaj 288, 289, 301 Dede Baba Reshat Bardhi 13,183,234, 272, 288, 304 Dede Baba Reshat Bardhi Tekke 229 Dede Rustem Melçani 219 Degrand, Baron Jules Alexandre 36-8, 164,256, 283-4, 292, 310, 315 De Jong, Fred 260 Delvina, Sulejman bey 10,29 Demir Han 166-7,234 Demir Han Tekke 232, 270 Der el Busair monastery 120 Dervish Abulbaki 208 Dervish Arshi of Vlora 271 Dervish Aziz 308 Dervish Bajram of Gjakova 271 Dervish Bektas Karamartin of Turkey 271 Dervish Eliton Pashaj 271, 272 Dervish Hasan Picari 222-3 Dervish Iljaz 81,171, 235,296 Dervish Iljaz Vërzhezha 80, 235,296, 303, 319 Dervish Lutfi of Gjirokastra 271 Dervish Myftar 142,226 Dervish Ramadan 144,226, 328 n.87 Dervish Rexhep Tyrbe 240 Dervish Shahin 233 Dervish Xhafer Hanku 242 Detroit Tekke. See Taylor (Detroit) Tekke devshirme (child levy) system 6 Diakovo Tekke 54 Didymóteichon (Dimetoka) Tekke 257 Dikmen Baba Tekke 246-7 Dimetoka (Didymoteicho) Tekke 308 Djelveti Order 114 Djeíveti Tekke 114 Djìba Tekke 166 donations 44,45,49,213,267. See also offerings dream interpreters 52 dress. See robes and clothing Drizar Tekke 183 Droja River 43 drums 26,146 Dukaj Tekke 183 Dumbabists 9 Durballi Sultan 23,248,257-8, 293 Durballi Sultan Tekke 20, 22-6,173-5, 203, 211,
248,257-61,263,271, 275,280, 286, 302,311 Durham, Mary Edith 41-2,221 Durrës 9,15, 79,186,193, 278, 311 Dürres Tekke 38 Durri Najaf (precious stone) 46 Dushk Tekke 183-4 Dylgjer Hysejni of Elbasan 288 earring 4,21,59, 70, 82,117,121, 317 Eastern Orthodoxy 1 Edmonds, Paul 187 Egypt 9, 80,82, 87, 111, 120,267, 270,271, 279,299, 305, 307 Eke, Mustafa 247 Ekrem bey Vlora 48-9,114,167,169,170, 201 Elbasan 6,10,11, 53, 54,58, 59,77-9, 88, 93,114,146, 147, 184,187,188, 237, 278,284,289, 303 Elbasan Tekke 53-5, 59,79,100,186, 187-9, 285, 303, 314 Emine Baba 264 Emine Baba Tekke 264-5 Erbei Baba 261 Ercan, Haydar 247 Essad Pasha of Tirana 57, 64 Essad Pasha Toptanı 80 European Court of Human Rights 254 Eustathios of Thessaloniki 131 Evans, Sir Arthur 39-40,250 Fadil Pasha Toptanı 77 Fadlullah 62 Fakri Mustafai Baba 184,295
Index Fakrı Mustafai Baba Tekke 184-5 Farouk, King 269, 280 fasting 2, 32,45, 82,91,127 fate 41, 66, 68,174 fatihas 133 Fatima (Imam All’s wife) 1, 3, 65,106 feeding/helping the poor 42, 80, 221, 299-300 Fejzi Dede 76, 212, 277, 307, 316 Ferid Pasha Vlora 48 Fier Tekke 241 First World War 8, 9,152,153,168,179, 190,193, 212,214, 216, 218, 237, 244, 261, 296 Floqi, Thanas 213 folksong 77, 258 food 18, 27,40, 51, 84, 126, 133 fortune-telling 52 Fourteen Pure Innocents 118 Frashëri, Abdul bey 63-4, 76,139,149, 189,191,285-6 Frashëri, Dalip 99-100,102-7,139,144, 264, 285, 327 n.74 Frashëri, Mid’hat bey 9,60,154,157, 330 n.125, 332 n.138 Frashëri, Naim bey 2-3, 30-5, 49, 63,64, 76, 125, 139,144,149,154, 157, 159, 170, 274,285, 301, 329 n. 112 Frashëri, Sami bey 63, 99,102, 113-14, 139, 285,318, 330-1 n.125 Frashër Tekke 76, 78, 79,102-3,139,140, 148,189-91,196, 218, 273,285, 302 Fratar Dervishia 191 Friday prayers 1,156 Fukara Club 147 Fushë Kruja Tekke 15,46, 47, 69-72, 100-1, 191-3, 195,209, 216,242, 284, 285,294, 295, 312, 315, 316 Fuzulî 104-5, 106, 139, 144, 305, 307, 327 n.74 Garden of Eden 106 Garrett, L. M. J. 125 Gavrilka (Gavril Pepo) 142,144 Gazi Evrenos 46, 72,93 Gërmenji, Themistokli 142,143,144, 328 n.88, 328 n.90 Ghazi Sinan Pasha 18, 99,113-14 gifts 14, 24, 25, 54 363 Gjakova Tekke 13,165-6,243-4,276-7, 303 Gjirokastra 6,12, 60, 79,88,102,105,146, 152, 153,155,170, 214, 217,227, 269, 271,284,292, 295 Gjirokastra Tekke 58, 60,77, 80,128,146, 155, 193-4,277,284,287 Gjonëm 6,197 Gjorm/Gjonëm Tekke (Kurbin) 197 Gjorm Tekke (Vlora) 197 gjysh (grandfather/dede),
hierarchical structure 4, 31 Gjysh Mustafa Qerezi 191 Gllava Tekke 198, 304 Gnosticism 1 Godart, Justin 10, 58-61,186,195, 317 Golimbas Tekke 198 Gorisht Tekke 199 Göyegü Sinan Pasha 113,114,123 Grameno, Mihal 144,148,178,189-90, 286,290,294,295 Graves, Sir Robert 197,198 graves/graveyard 24-5, 40,43,45,46, 53-4, 111, 122,194,207, 222, 234, 240,251, 260, 261,262 Greece Bektashi in 5, 9-10,174,257, 297 foreign aid to Albania 14 struggle with Albania 9-10, 79, 86 tekkes and shrines 256-65 Greek Orthodox Church 14,141 Greek-Turkish war 9-10 green, colours significance in Islam 82 Gulf States 14 habit. See robes Hacıbektaş(köy) Tekke 81,155,170,266, 308 Haci Mustafa Baba 208 Hadikaja [The Garden] (Dalip Frashëri) 99-100, 102-7,264 Hadiqatû’s-Suadâ (Fuzulî) 104-7,139, 144-5, 305, 306 Hadji Baba of Hacıbektaş 81 Hadji Hasan Dede of Salonka 75 Hadji Mehmed Dede of Malatya 76 hair 24 Haj dar Baba Tekke 6,197 Hajdar Mehmet Baba 269,299
364 Hajdar Mehmet Baba of Leskovik 267, 269 Hajdër Baba of Kardhiq 291 Hajdërije Tekke 58, 77,155,194-6,277, 291,300, 305,316-17 Haji Bektash Veli (founder and patron) 1, 2,4,24, 30, 44,48, 62-3, 70, 75, 84, 87, 111, 115,118, 122, 123,132, 165,208,238,278,291, 308 feast 51 Tekke/shrine 4,18,68,200, 287 Haji Hamsa Baba Tyrbe 43 Haji Hamsa (Five Hajis) Mausoleum 89 Haji Huseyn Baba Tyrbe 71 Haji Mustafa Užicanin 44 Haji Yahya Baba 94, 207 Hajro, Shemso 148 Hakk (the Truth) 1, 5 al-Hallaj 2 Halveti Order 7,161,200 Halveti Tekke 18 Hamid, Abdul 28, 54,57, 76,148 Harabati Baba Tekke 50, 251-4, 314 Harabati Tekke 50,188-9,201, 248,253, 254, 255, 303 Harakop Tekke 204-5 hares, as forbidden 2 harvest 95-6 Hasan Dede 252 Hasan Dede of Permet 292 Hasan Dede Tekke 202 Hasan (Imam Alis son) 1, З, 30, 45,46, 106 Hasib Baba 299 Hasluck, Frederick William 6, 56-7,113, 115,125,170, 192,200, 214, 216, 240,248,251-3, 256,261, 263, 264, 266, 309 Hasluck, Margaret 6-7, 62-8, 95-6,178, 186,191,193-4,202,203, 204, 205, 210, 212,219,221-2, 229, 231,239, 241,251,262, 265, 275 Haxhi Ahmet Dede 252 Haxhi Baba Adem of Gjakova 245, 276-7 Haxhi Baba Horasanı of Permet 292, 293 Haxhi Baba Horasanı Tekke 226-7,295 Haxhi Baba Mehmet Aliu Tekke 198 Haxhi Baba of Fushë Kruja 78, 292 Haxhi Baba Tekke 254-5 Haxhi Baba Tyrbe 221 Index Haxhi Bektash. See Haji Bektash Veli (founder and patron) Haxhi Emin Baba 252 Haxhi Et’hem of Tirana 101 Haxhi Hamza Tekke 206 Haxhi Hazbi Hyseni 184-5 Haxhi Hysen Baba Tekke 216 Haxhi Jahja Baba of Kruja 193 Haxhi Jahja Baba Tekke 207 Haxhi Mehdi Baba 252 Haydar Baba 94,113
headpiece/headdress (taj) 3, 21,23, 27,41, 70,74,94,117,120-1,123, 291 headstones 25,40 Hekal Tekke 199-200 Helena 19 heterodoxy 1 Hidër Baba of Makedonski Brod 247,293 Hidër Baba Tekke 247, 248,293 Hider Baba Tyrbe 248,293 High Regency Council 10, 59 Hilmi, Abaz 215, 222,273, 279,289, 319 Hilmi Dede 76 Hima of Struga 78 Historical Archives of the Institute of Science 102,105-6 Hizir Dede 115 Hizir Lale Sultan 115 Hizirlik (Hidirlik) Tekke 115-16,123 holidays, national 2 holy water 209,215,248 Horasanlı Ali Baba 94 Horeb 96 Hoxha, Enver 273 Hoxhi, Koto 77 Hurufism 1, 62 Husein (Imam Alis son) 1, 3, 30, 33,49, 106, 124, 168, 274 lament for 126-37 Husejn Baba Tekke (Krahës) 204-5 Husejn Baba Tekke (Melçan) 6 Huseyn Baba 113 hymns 118 Hysein Dede 252 Hysejn Ali Dede Tekke 218 Hysejn Baba Elbasani 193 Hysejn Baba Tekke (Konitsa/Konica) 264 Hysen Kukeli Baba of Fushë Kruja. See Baba Hysen Kukeli
Index Ibn Tulim mosque 118 Ibrahim Baba 210, 298, 315 Ibrahim Baba of Qesaraka 288, 295 Ibrahim Baba Turku 193 Ibrahim Xhefai Baba of Elbasan 15,184, 295-6 Ibrahim Xhefai Baba Tekke 6, 53-5, 58, 184,187,188 initiation 3, 31, 66, 94 Insabato, Enrico 27 International Control Commission 9 ipek Tekke 54 Ippen, Theodor 43-7, 91,163,192,206, 209 Iran 14, 318 Ismail Baba 221, 247 Ismail Baba Tekke (Gllava/Qafe Gllava Tekke) 198 Ismail Pasha 98,269 Ismail Qemal bey Vlora 77, 201, 303 Istanbul 6,29, 75, 76,102,113,115,146, 173, 174,187, 188,195, 229, 259, 299, 303, 328 n.97 Italy/Italian occupation 9,233,289, 308, 312 Izet Zavalani 78 Jacob 39 Jafar Baba 279 Jahja, Osman 251 Jahja Baba 193, 207, 227 Janissary Corps 5-6, 20, 85, 123,138,291 Jarar Baba Tekke 248 Jelaladdin Ibrahim Shemimi Baba Tyrbe 70, 314 Jella, Selman 141,180 Jesus 3, 30, 65,85 Apostles of 27 Juma (Djuma) Tekke 261-2 Kabashi, Rustem 52 Kaçanik 6,17, 78 Kaçanik Tekke 244 Kalendari Enciklopedik 12 Kalenderi (Qalandari) 1 Kalkandelen (Tetova) Tekke 6, 50-2, 54, 251,252,314 Kallajxhi, Xhevat 140 Kalthoum, Umm (Um Kalsum) 280 Kamal al-Din Hussein 98 365 Kamal ed-Din, Prince 118,270 Kanina Tekke 6, 7,17-18,19,99,100,113, 114, 116, 123, 200-2, 326 n.70 Káni Pasha 174 Kaplan Pasha Toptani 43,102,124,206, 316 Karadja, Ahmet 250, 251, 278 Kara Mahmud Pasha Bushati 43, 85,115, 206 Karaman 143,144 Karkavitsas, Andreas 22-6 Kasem Baba of Kastoria 262-3, 297-8, 304 Kastoria Tekke 262-3 Katerini Tekke 263-4, 279-80 Katundi, Goni 144 Kavaja 8-9,15,124,188, 212, 289,295, 316 Kaygusuz Sultan 267 Kaygusuz Sultan Tekke 80 Kemal,
Ismail 152,202 Kemal, Mustafa 1,11,155, 233,266, 307 Kemal ad-Din Hussein, Prince 269 Kërçova Tekke 247-8, 293 Khayyam, Omar 225, 280 Khedive Abbas Pasha 267 Khedive Ismail Pasha 267,269 Khizir Baba/Nikola Baba 248 Kiazim, Musa 3, 30 Kiel, Machiei 173-5,194,196, 201, 206-10,237, 258-60, 262, 309 Kirk-Ayak Sinan 115 Kissling, Hans-Joachim 113-16,123 knives 23 Kódja Sinan Pasha 113 Kojun Baba Tekke 249 Kolonja region 11,79, 81,169, 226,229, 296, 307 Konitsa Tekke 100,102,103-4,105,178, 264, 327 n.74 Köprülü Tekke 100, 218, 237,254-5,290, 315 Koran 24, 25, 65, 68, 95,131, 167,234 Korça 6, 7,11,12,15,27, 29,44, 60, 77-9, 86, 88, 92,106, 124, 138, 141-6, 148,152,155, 183,184,188, 189, 213, 218-19, 226,230,237, 249, 255, 283, 294, 297, ЗОЇ, 328 nn.87-9, 328 n.91
366 Koshtan Tekke 77,183, 202,203-4, 211, 282, 330 ո. 119, 331 n.136 Kosina Dervishia 204 Kosovo 6,12, 13, 17,165, 252,275, 276, 304, 309,311 tekkes and shrines 243-5 uprisings 78-9 Kostrec Tekke 204 Kosturi, Vani Cico 148 Kotta, Kostaq 86 Krahës Tekke 204-5 Kremenar Tekke 205 Krena, Jasha 213,216, 242 Kruja 6,12, 36, 38, 43-7, 69-72,163, 207-10 Kruja Tekke 38,43, 79,206-10, 256 kryegjysh (head grandfather/dede baba) 4,155, 189, 215, 233, 273,278-80, 285, 289,297, 307 Kryegjyshata 11-13,15,102,106,233-4, 247, 273-4, 279,289, 297, 304, 307, 311,312 Kuç Tekke 7,79, 138,210-11, 298 Kufie script 97 Kulakli Baba Tekke 20 Kulmak Tekke 181,211,234,235, 282, 296 Kupekli Tekke 20 Kus Baba/Kuzum Baba. See Kusum Baba of Vlora Kusum Baba of Vlora 18,298-9 Kusum Baba Tekke/Mekam/Tyrbe 15, 201, 240-1, 278, 298-9 Kuta Tekke 211 Kyzyl Deli Sultan Tekke 257 ĽAffaire de ľEpire: le martyre d’un peuple (The Epirus Question - the Martyrdom of a People) 9 lamenting/commemorating the dead 126-37 Lavdar Tekke 211 League of Prizren 76,139,148,189,191, 194,216, 218,219, 229, 276, 285, 291 Leake, William, Colonel 63,263 Leroy, Jules 120-1,270,280 Leskovik Tekke 211-12, 231,267, 275 literature, Albanian Bektashi 2, 99-107, 145,157 banned 125,156 Index Louis-Jaray, Gabriel 53-5,185,245 love, gospel of67, 111, 118,134 Luarasi, Petro Nini 227,295,330 п.114 Lulet e veres (Summer Flowers) (Naim Frashëri) 170 Lushnja Tyrbe 212 Lutfi Baba of Mokattani Tekke 267,269, 279,299-300 Luz i Madh Tekke 188,212,289 Macedonia 6,12,16, 39, 50, 67, 77, 78, 111, 165,197,198,244,259,278, 290,293,314, 315 tekkes and
shrines 246-55,261,263,264 Magnificat 118 Mahmud Huda’i 114 Mahmud Pasha of Shkodra 43,213 Mallakastra 15,16,44,48,78,79,88,92,124, 178,182,183,191,199,202,205,211, 220,224,227,228,279,296,304,318 Man Bushi 102 Manes Baba. See Baba Sulejman of Gjirokastra Manfred, King 19 Marco Kraal 19 Maricaj (Marican) Tekke 212-13 Markgraf, Friedrich 82-3 Marku, Thimi 148 marriage 33, 37, 59, 67, 263 Martanesh Tekke 65, 80,180,189,213-17, 289, 312 Mary 3, 30, 33,49, 65,118,128,167,235, 274 Mašulovic-Marsol, Liliana 251 matem 2,105,106 Matohasanaj Tekke 216, 327 n.74 Mazreka Tekke 216-17 Mbroja, Dr Haki 142,143,144 Mbyet Tekke 217 meals 74, 82, 83,142,297 prayer, before and after 33,133 ritual 18,27 meat 40, 51,74,283, 325 n.36 Mecca 24, 84,89,106,166,190,275, 295, 299 Medina 24, 75,106,276 meditation 22, 84,121, 225,268,281 Mehdi, Muhammed 3,30 Mehmed Baba Tekke 246-7
Index Mehmed the Conqueror 263,297 Mehmet Ali Pasha 97, 98, 267 Mehmet Ali Pasha Vrioni 77 Mehmet Lutfi Baba. See Lutfi Baba of Mokattam mekam (holy site) 49, 83,166-7,169,179, 234,235, 240, 274,281 Melametism 1, 27-8 Melan Tekke 217 Melçan Tekke 6,7,15, 77, 85, 138, 139, 142-4, 147,170, 217-19, 229,275, 276, 284, 293, 294, 308, 315, 318, 328 n.89 Melikoff, Irène 173 Memaliaj Tekke 79, 219-20, 329 n. 100 Merdivenköy Tekke 76,211, 258, 301 Mersen Demë 142,180 Meta, Tush 141-2, 180 metempsychosis 66, 68, 85,123 Mevlevi Order 48,102 meydan (private prayer room) 1-2,133, 143, 147,159,232,246, 271, 294 Michael, Despot of Epirus 19 Michael VII Palaeologus 165 Michigan Tekke. See Taylor (Detroit) Tekke Middle Ages 19 Middle East 1, 8,14,189, 234, 270, 276, 277, 280,285, 293, 295, 296, 318 Migeon, Gaston 268 Mimi Baba. See Shemimi Baba of Fushë Kraja Misticizma dhe Bektashizma (Mysticism and Bektashism) (Baba Rexheb) 149 Mitrovica 6,17, 244-5 Mitrovica Tekke 6,17, 244-5 modernisation 1 Mokattam Tekke/Magauri Tekke 97-8, 263,267-71,279,280, 300, 305 Mondi Baba. See Dede Baba Edmond Brahimaj mortification 45 Moses З, ЗО, 33, 65,293 mosques communist impact on 13,178,179, 181-4,191,193, 197-200, 202-5, 207-13, 216-20,222-8, 230-2, 239-42, 310 367 revival of 12,14,159,174,178, 201, 232, 234,312 Mother Teresa 13, 234 Mount Tomorr Tekke 48-9, 73-4, 80-1, 124, 162, 166-72,226,231,232, 234,235, 274,282, 296, 303 Mousset, Albert 11 moustache 24, 29 Muaviye 93 Muça, Meleq. See Baba Meleq Shëmbërdhenji Muhammed, prophet 1, 5, 27, 67, 85,106, 118, 132, 156,215 Muhammed Ali 1, З, ЗО, 31, 33,
34, 301 Muhammed Asim Baba. See Asim Baba of Gjirokastra Muharrebe Baba 252, 253 Muharrem 2, 32, 34, 91,106,129 Muharrem Baba of Frashër 302 Muharrem Kocka 78 muhib (lover/sympathiser) 3,139, 182, 185, 239, 244, 247, 282, 304, 307, 314 Mulla Ali Dėdėj 184 Murad Bey 71 Murat II 93 Musa Demi 78 Mustafa Baba Lahori 258 Mustafa Baba Tekke 17, 20,244-5,249-50 Mustafa Dolima Tyrbe 207-8 Mustafa Hexhri Baba of Ankara 78 Mustafa Pasha Bushatlliu 7,182-3 Mustafa Usicanovic 92 Myderrizi, Osman 99-107,167,234-5 Myftari, Ahmet. See Ahmet Myftari Dede Myhtarnameja (Shahin Frashëri) 102 mysticism 1,149,159,170,276 myxher (celibate). See celibacy Nakshbandi Order 6,248, 266 namaz (prayer) 33 Namik Selimi of Delvina 78 Nasib Tahir Baba. See Baba Tahir Nasibi of Frashër National Congresses of Bektashi Eighth and Ninth 14 Fifth 13,234 First 10, 178, 179,181, 183,191,198, 203, 204, 219, 224, 228,282, 297
368 Fourth 12,219, 233,273,319 Second 11,196, 305,317 Seventh 13-14 Sixth 13-14, 304 Third 11,156, 233,237, 307 Naziresha Mosque 188 Near East 66,68 nefes (spiritual chants) 138,149-51 Neki, Ali З, ЗО Nevruz (Bektashi holiday) 2,13, 34 Ngrançija Tekke 220 Nijazi, Salih. See Salih Nijazi Dede Nimet, Princess 269 niyas (prayer) 33 Niyazi Bey of Resna 148, 294 Noli, Bishop Fan 60,219, 297, 305 Norris, Harry 258 Norton, John 5 Nosi, Lef 187 novices 21,46,190 Nunc Demittis 118 Nuri 143 Nuri Baba Tekke 220 Oakley-Hill, Dayrell 73-4 Ocak, Yasar 174 offerings 23,24,25, 39,40, 55, 70, 71, 89, 95, 97,209,251,256, 278, 309 omens 95 open-mindedness 8 original sin 106 Osmani, Ram 180 Osmënzeza Tekke 188,220 Ottoman Empire 5,7, 9,77,122,138,139, 145,147,152,173,240,258,295 Ottoman flag 9 Ottoman Turkish (national language) 9, 127,179,284 Pacomit Tekke 220 paintings 24, 90,110,207 Panariti, Qamil 144 pantheism 3,159 paradise 25, 30, 97,129,186, 208 Pasha of Scutari 56 patriotism, Albanian 7-8, 28, 34-5,66, 68, 79 Patsch, Carl 199, 241 Pearl of Najaf 46 Index Pebbles Tekke 193 Peja Tekke 245 Peqini, Ibrahim 185 Percy, Sir Jocelyn 73 Permet Tekke 28, 29,41-2, 77,78,79, 81, 84, 97,140,169,178,213,220-2, 226, 233,235, 258,292, 319 persecution 6,12, 28,44, 57, 76,79, 84, 85,102,110,138,218,229,237, 295,308 Petran Tekke 222 Philip IV 75 Picar Dervishia 222-3 pilgrimage 19, 39,40,45,46,49,54,81, 85, 95,96,122-4,161-3,165-72,181, 183-5,189,208,220,232,235,237, 249,250,256,263,271,276, 310, 311,318 Pillar cult 39-40 pipes 22, 24 Pirani Baba 179 Piri Baba 113, 261-2 Piri Baba Tekke 261-2 Plasa
Trybę 223 Plashnik Tekke 223 Podgoran Tekke 223 poetry 2, 3,49,149 Pogoni, Bardhyl 305 Pojani, Ohran 142,148 Polena Tekke 223-4 Pope 12,65,108-12 pork, as forbidden 2 prayer beads 22,23,82 prayers 1-2,121 before and after meals 33 benedictory 126,133 at betrothals 33 chanting 126, 127,133 at feasts/ceremonies 33, 34, 84,133 at funerals 33 patriotic element in 133-4 sunrise and sundown 2, 65,84 at weddings 33 Prince Kamal ed-Din 118,270 Prince Wied 10,152 Prishta Tekke 6,7, 75,144,170,181,183, 203, 204,218,219,224-5,228, 233 Prizren Tekke 54,219,245,275-6 Progonat Tekke 225
Index pudding, Ashura 126, 133, 232 Pulaha Tekke 225-6 purges, Stalinist 12, 233 Pyramids 95, 97,118 Qafoku, Iljaz of Vërzhezha. See Dervish Iljaz Vërzhezha Qamili, Haxhi 9,184,186,192,198, 214, 216, 229, 301 Qâmûs al-a’lâm (Sami bey Frashëri) 139 Qasr el- ‘Ayni Tekke 117 QatromTekke 7,138,142,144, 226, 294 Qemali, Ismail 78 Qerbela 76 Qesaraka Tekke 149,226-7 Qesarat Tekke 227 Qiriazi, Jorgji 147 Quzum Baba Sultan Tekke 240, 241 Rabija Tekke 198, 227-8 Ragip Effendi of Delvina 305 raki (ritual drink) 48, 50, 74,142, 209, 293 ram 40, 95-6,180,250 Ramadan 33,45, 312 Rami, Ahmad 280-1 Ramsay, Sir William 62 Ratıp Ahmed Pasha 173 Red Cross, Albania 60 Reforma (Reform; periodical) 282 reincarnation 58, 66 relics 122,262 Rexhep Pasha Mati 77, 306 Rexhep Pasha of Tetova 252 Richards, Theophilos 94 Rifai 165 Riza, Ali З, 30,189,233, 285 Riza Pasha 253 Riza Pasha of Tetova 252 robes and clothing 3,21, 23, 31, 41,46, 51, 64-5, 70, 74, 82,108, 117,120, 195, 317 belt 41 caps 21, 51 coat 23, 82 teslim tash 46, 59,70,82,120 Rodenj Tyrbe 228 Roman Catholicism 1, 85 rose, as emblem of Bektashism 84,231 369 Rozeç Dervishia 228 Rrisk Baba 261 Rrisk Baba Tekke 260-1 Rubaiyat (Omar Khayyam) 280 Rufa’i 22,110 Ruhi, Selim. See Baba Selim Ruhi Ruhije, Princess 269 Russell, Dorothea 117-19,269 Russell, Sir Thomas Wentworth 117, 269 sabres 26 sacred emblems 89 sacrifice 39,40, 49, 83, 95-6,134,162,164, 167, 190, 235, 250, 251,274, 310 Sa’di (Grand) Tekke 165-6 Sadik, Jafer 1, 3, 5, 30 Sadik Baba 252, 315 Sa’di Order 166, 243 Sah Kulu Tekke 211, 301 Saint Alexander 208, 310 Saint Charalambos 68,266
Saint Charalambos monastery 68,266 Saint Elias of Mount Tomor 68, 252, 274, 293 Saint Elijah (Elias) 165, 253,262,274 Saint Elijahs (Elias) Day 163 Saint George 20, 21,115,124,163,165, 250,251,258, 262, 293, 309 Saint Georges Day 39,163,250,259 Saint Khidr (the Green Saint) 293 Saint Menas Church 264 Saint Naum 68, 85,122,165, 249, 309 Saint Nicholas 165,248,293, 309 Saint Quentin 50, 252 saints, veneration of 8, 20,25, 65,122 Saint Simeon 165, 309 Saint Spyridon of Corfu 68,165, 256 Saiyida Nafisa 118 Salih Baba Tekke 238,255,257, 306 Salih Nijazi Dede 11,155,189,198,233, 247, 285, 302, 307-8 Salónica Tekke 27, 51, 75, 78,197,198, 277, 279, 303 Saltık, Sari 6, 36-8,43-6, 68,70, 71, 85, 89,93, 122,124, 161-6, 169-71, 208-10,249, 256, 275,298, 308-11 Sancaktar Ali Baba Tyrbe 263 Sanjollas Tekke 228-9 Sarajevo 44,92,167
370 Saranda Tekke 15,229 Sari Saltık 36-8, 68, 70, 85,122, 308-11 footprint 38, 46,164, 311 tyrbe 89-90,161,163-6, 169,170,171, 208-10 sashes 23,225 Scanderbeg 45, 55, 56, 69, 76,78, 81, 85, 90, 144,171, 185, 186,289 Second World War 12, 62,108,125,127, 161,166,196, 198, 199,204,205, 215,216,222, 228, 232, 237,273, 278, 283,289, 297, 304, 305, 309, 312,319 secret ceremonies 2,109 secret intelligence 56 secret signs 64, 84 Sefer Shah 115 Şehidlik Tekke 187-8, 313 Seit Baba of Durballi Sultan 298, 311 Sejdi Baba 180 Selenica, Teki 11-12, 220, 223 self-discipline 84 Seliger, Kurt 108-12 Selim Kaliçani Baba of Martanesh 296, 311-12 Selim Kaliçani of Peja 215, 245 Semimi Sultan Tekkesi 94 Sersem Ali 252 Sersem Ali Baba of Tetova 314 Sersem Ali Baba Tekke 6, 251-4, 314 Seyahatname (Çelebi) 113,114,123 Seyyid Ali Sultan 4-5, 257,258,287,288 Seyyid Ali Sultan Tekke 257 Seyyid Muhammed Asim Baba 193,287 Shafi’i, imam 118 Shahin Baba Tekke 20 Shahin bey Kolonja 77 shaving, of head 65 sheaths 23-4 Sheh Hysen Dylgjeri Tekke 188 Sheik Abdullah el Maghaouri 120, 280 Sheikh Hüseyin Tusiu of Djiba 166, 234 Sheikh Mimi (Shemimi Baba) 192, 256 Sheikh Safi 127-8,130,131 Sheikh Üftade 114 Shëmbërdhenj Tekke 229-30, 300-1 Shemimi Baba 94, 206, 218, 224, 275, 290 Shemimi Baba, grave of 193 Index Shemimi Baba of Fushë Kruja 184,197, 295, 314-16 Shemimi Baba Tekke 6, 191, 192, 291, 292 Shemseddin Baba Tekke 243-4 Shenusi Baba Tyrbe 89 Shi’ites 1, 5,14, 87 vs. Sunnis 56, 62 Shijak Tekke 38 Shkalla, Flamur 271-2 Shkoza Tekke 230 Shtip Tekke 244 Shtuf Tekke 194-6 silence 12,13, 37,45, 52, 55, 58,82,
110, 121,185,186,233 Sinai 96 Sinani 184 Sinan Pasha, Mir Liva of Dukagjin 114, 116 Sinan Pasha mosque 18 Sinan Pasha of Konya 19,200 Sinan Pasha Tekke 200-2 Sirri, Ahmet Baba. See Ahmet Sirri Baba of Mokattam (Ahmet Sirri Baba of Glina) Skënderasi, Tahir. See Baba Tahir Nasibi of Frashër Skopje Tekke 249-50 Skrapar 7,16 Skrapar Tekke 6,10,48 Smokthina Tekke 230 solidarity 48, 58 souvenirs 24 Stadtmüller, Georg 122-5 Stalinism 12 stallion 25-6 Stamoulis, Dimitris 174 Staravecka, Meleq. See Baba Meleq Shëmbërdhenji (Baba Meleq Staravecka) Starja Tekke 205 stones, venerated as sacred object 38, 39-40 Straficka Tekke 231 Suez crisis 269,280 Sufism 1-2, 159, 161,174,275 Suka Tekke 84,231-2,297 Sulejman Baba of Gjirokastra (Baba Manes) 193,194-6, 316 Sulejman Baba Tekke 249-50
Index Sultan Abdul Hamid 76,141,148 Sultan Baba Tyrbe 89,174,259 Sultan Bayezid II 113,114 Sultan Husein 118, 270 Sultan Ibrahim 115 Sultan Jem 165 Sultan Mahmud II 5, 7, 20, 63, 77,113, 114, 138,179,210, 261,266,281 Sultan Murad II113,114 Sultan Orhan 62, 208, 278, 308 Sultan Selim III 102,118 Sultan Suleyman 251, 314 Sunni Islam 1, 2, 8,14, 87,122 intolerance 67,123 Sunni Muslim uprising 1914 8-9 Sunni Sublime Porte 92 superstitions 51,84, 85,117, 270,292 Süreyya, Mehmed 114 Swire, Joseph 84-6, 168, 214-15, 224-5, 235-6,282-3 symbols, Bektashi 94,133-4, 207, 216 Tafii Buza 80,198 Talaat Pasha (Talat Pasha) 78,125 Tasha, Demir 141,180 Tasha, Hysen 141,180 Tasha, Seit 141,142,180 Tatars of the Golden Horde 165 Tatar Tekke 20,165 Taylor (Detroit) Tekke 13,159, 271-2, 286, 305 Teki, Muhammed З, 30 Tekija Tekke 39-40, 250-1 tekkes (monasteries) as centres of patriotic activity 143-4 cleanliness and good organisation of 148 damage and destruction of 8-10,13, 15,20, 59, 70, 79-80, 85, 91, 102, 115,138,153, 174,179,181,183, 197, 198,199, 203,204, 205, 210, 215,216,217, 219, 220, 223, 226, 228, 229-30, 231,232, 236, 237, 241-2, 249,255, 257, 260, 273, 281, 295, 307,313-14,317 meals served at (see meals) occupied by criminals 20 re-establishment of 11-12,15, 70, 80-1, 153,178, 179-80, 183,188, 193,198,199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 371 215, 217,219, 220,223,225,230, 231, 232-3, 234,237,238,239, 241, 242, 261, 273 wartime impact on 76-80 Tekke Köy 278 Tepelena 16,138 teslim tash. See robes and clothing Tetova Tekke 6, 50, 188,201, 248,249, 251-4, 303 Tevfik, Riza 125 Thessaly 10, 20-1, 22
Timurlane, invasion of 93 Timur the Tartar 62 Tirana 11, 233-4 tolerance 8, 56, 60,67, 68, 85, 86, 123,276, 308 tombs/tombstones 24-5, 51, 53, 55, 58, 59, 63, 70, 94, 117, 120,163, 165,185, 186, 193, 195,201,202,206,207, 208, 238, 253,255, 260,267,270, 278, 280, 281,317 Toptanı, Abdi bey 10,154 Toptanı, Adem Aga 207, 208 Toptanı family 45, 87, 90,92, 315 Topulli, Bajo 77, 147,218,294, 295 Topulli, Çerçiz 77,148, 294 Tourtoulis, Michael 10 Treaty of San Stefano 139 trinity 27,118 Trix, Frances 12, 126-37, 305, 312 Tsikoumis, K. G. 175 Tsitsilikis, Kostis 175 Turam, Ahmet Baba. See Baba Ahmet Turanı Turan Tekke (Korça) 237-9 Turan Tekke (Tepelena) 11,15,142, 218, 219, 233,239 Turbali Sultan Tekke 20 turban 25, 26, 40, 41, 51, 70, 74,91,108, 120,199, 221, 225, 280, 282. See aho headpiece Turgut Pasha 142,180 Turkey, Bektashi in 1,4,10-11,76 and Alevi communities 14 and Constitution 57, 77 origins 1,4-6,165 relations with Kryegjyshata 11, 15-16 Turkish revolt for freedom 77-8,218, 294 wartime impact 10-11
Index 372 Turtulli, Mihal 154 Tütüncü, Mehmet 207 Twelve Imams 1, 3, 5, ЗО, 33,48,65,94,118 tyrhes (mausoleums). See individually listed tyrbes ulema (religious commission) 28 unity 2, 29, 33, 34, 56, 57, 61,111, 149, 283, 301 universality 3 Vaiz, Hüseyin 104 Vatican 14 veiling, of women 65, 84 Velabisht Tekke 179,239-40 Veles Tekke 254-5 Veli Agushi of Skrapar 230 Veli Baba 247 Veliqot Tekke 7,138,240 veneration, of saints 8, 20, 25, 70-1, 122 Vertok Tekke 255 Vërzhezha, Iljaz. See Dervish Iljaz Vėrzhezha Vexh-hi, Adem Baba. See Baba Adem Vexh֊hi of Gjakova virtues 3, 24, 30, 31, 32,66, 149,190 Vloçisht Tekke 240 Vlora 8, 9,18 Vlora, Ekrem bey 48,114,167,169,170, 201,235 Vlora, Ismail Qemal bey 77,201, 303 Vlora Tekke 6,17,18, 240-1 Vodhorina Tekke 264-5 Vokopola Tekke 167,241 von Hahn, Johann Georg 19,114,200, 249 vows 31, 51, 55, 66, 82,185, 249,282 Vrëpska Tekke 241-2 Wallisch, Friedrich 201-2 water, abstention from 32, 84 0 Way of the Family of the Mantle 93 weekly meetings 27, 51 Wied, Prince Wilhelm zu 9,10,86,152 women, equality of 2, 85,118-19 World Headquarters, Bektashi 15,73,233, 308 administrative districts 11,15,191, 219 Xhafer Baba Halepi Tyrbe 258 Xhani, Mustafa. See Baba Faja Martaneshi Xhefai, Ibrahim Baba. See Ibrahim Xhefai Baba of Elbasan Xhemali, Selman Baba of Elbasan. See Baba Xhemal (Baba Selman Xhemali of Elbasan) Xholi, Zija 159 Ύα Ali’ slogan 1,123 Yakub Efendi Tekke 18 Yannina 7, 56 Yazid 49,168,235 Yemin Baba 113 Yezit 93 Young Turk Revolution 48,64,125,141, 145-7, 148,195,294 Zaimllar family 181 Zavalani, Fehim 147 Zavalani, Memdu 143 Zaviye
of Mürteza Baba 94,193 Zein-el-Abidin 3, 30 Zemzi Baba Tyrbe 208 Zenei Hoxhaj 100 Zeneli, Jashar 141,142,180 Zeyneb, princess 98 Zhepova Tyrbe 242 Zog, King 11, 62, 87, 97,155,219, 269 Zoroastrianism 84 Zosimas of Mount Athos 20-1,259 BayţmcM ։ StNtsbibUottwk Mönche" j |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Elsie, Robert 1950-2017 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124994458 |
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| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
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| id | DE-604.BV046154402 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T00:29:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781788315692 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Elsie, Robert 1950-2017 Verfasser (DE-588)124994458 aut The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans Robert Elsie London I.B. Tauris 2019 xv, 372 Seiten 2 Illustrationen, 1 Karte txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bektaschi-Orden (DE-588)4069242-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf Bektashi / Balkan Peninsula Bektashi / Albania / History Dervishes / Balkan Peninsula Dervishes Balkan Peninsula Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Bektaschi-Orden (DE-588)4069242-5 b Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031534448&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031534448&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031534448&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Elsie, Robert 1950-2017 The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans Bektaschi-Orden (DE-588)4069242-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4069242-5 (DE-588)4001028-4 |
| title | The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans |
| title_auth | The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans |
| title_exact_search | The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans |
| title_full | The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans Robert Elsie |
| title_fullStr | The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans Robert Elsie |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Albanian Bektashi history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans Robert Elsie |
| title_short | The Albanian Bektashi |
| title_sort | the albanian bektashi history and culture of a dervish order in the balkans |
| title_sub | history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans |
| topic | Bektaschi-Orden (DE-588)4069242-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bektaschi-Orden Albanien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031534448&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031534448&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031534448&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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