Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology
While sales of dietary supplements have skyrocketed in recent years, information about their safety and efficacy in humans is generally sparse in comparison with what is available for prescription drugs. Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology presents, in both comprehensive and su...
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Totowa, NJ
Humana Press
2003
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Forensic Science and Medicine
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | UBR01 URL des Erstveröffentlichers |
| Zusammenfassung: | While sales of dietary supplements have skyrocketed in recent years, information about their safety and efficacy in humans is generally sparse in comparison with what is available for prescription drugs. Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology presents, in both comprehensive and summary formats, a wealth of objective information for a selection of significant nonherbal dietary supplements. The supplements detailed were chosen for their popularity, toxicity, and the quantity and quality of information available, and include such well-known agents as DHEA, androstenedione and other over-the-counter steroids, coenzyme Q10, fish oil, glucosamine and chondroitin, chitosan, chromium picolinate, creatine, vanadyl sulfate, SAMe, and melatonin. Additional coverage is given to colloidal silver, shark cartilage, germanium, red yeast rice extract, l-tryptophan, N,N-dimethylglycine, GHB and GBL, huperzine, hydrazine, methylsulfonylmethane, and pyruvate. Each monograph discusses the history of the compound; its chemical structure; its current and promoted uses, sources, and chemical composition; and its toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and physiological role. Also presented are case reports of their adverse effects and interactions, as well as information on their reproductive effects, chemical and biofluid analysis, and regulatory status. Each chapter is based on original studies published in reputable peer-reviewed journals, as well as on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or other high-quality assessments by recognized experts. Authoritative and objective, Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology offers physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, and medical examiners a treasure trove of uncommon-but reliable-scientific and clinical information on the toxicity and usefulness of today's leading nonherbal dietary supplements |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 410 p. 5 illus) |
| ISBN: | 9781592593033 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zc 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV046144289 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 190905s2003 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781592593033 |9 978-1-59259-303-3 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (ZDB-2-SME)978-1-59259-303-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1119003750 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV046144289 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-355 | ||
| 082 | 0 | |a 615 |2 23 | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Dietary Supplements |b Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology |c edited by Melanie Johns Cupp, Timothy S. Tracy |
| 264 | 1 | |a Totowa, NJ |b Humana Press |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 410 p. 5 illus) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Forensic Science and Medicine | |
| 520 | |a While sales of dietary supplements have skyrocketed in recent years, information about their safety and efficacy in humans is generally sparse in comparison with what is available for prescription drugs. Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology presents, in both comprehensive and summary formats, a wealth of objective information for a selection of significant nonherbal dietary supplements. The supplements detailed were chosen for their popularity, toxicity, and the quantity and quality of information available, and include such well-known agents as DHEA, androstenedione and other over-the-counter steroids, coenzyme Q10, fish oil, glucosamine and chondroitin, chitosan, chromium picolinate, creatine, vanadyl sulfate, SAMe, and melatonin. Additional coverage is given to colloidal silver, shark cartilage, germanium, red yeast rice extract, l-tryptophan, N,N-dimethylglycine, GHB and GBL, huperzine, hydrazine, methylsulfonylmethane, and pyruvate. Each monograph discusses the history of the compound; its chemical structure; its current and promoted uses, sources, and chemical composition; and its toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and physiological role. Also presented are case reports of their adverse effects and interactions, as well as information on their reproductive effects, chemical and biofluid analysis, and regulatory status. Each chapter is based on original studies published in reputable peer-reviewed journals, as well as on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or other high-quality assessments by recognized experts. Authoritative and objective, Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology offers physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, and medical examiners a treasure trove of uncommon-but reliable-scientific and clinical information on the toxicity and usefulness of today's leading nonherbal dietary supplements | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Pharmacology/Toxicology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Toxicology | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Klinische Pharmakologie |0 (DE-588)4073517-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Toxikologie |0 (DE-588)4060538-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nahrungsergänzungsmittel |0 (DE-588)4627438-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |8 1\p |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Nahrungsergänzungsmittel |0 (DE-588)4627438-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Klinische Pharmakologie |0 (DE-588)4073517-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |8 2\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Nahrungsergänzungsmittel |0 (DE-588)4627438-8 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Toxikologie |0 (DE-588)4060538-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |8 3\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cupp, Melanie Johns |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tracy, Timothy S. |4 edt | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |z 9781468497267 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |z 9781588290144 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |z 9781468497250 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a ZDB-2-SME | ||
| 940 | 1 | |q ZDB-2-SME_1990/2004 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031524473 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 883 | 1 | |8 2\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 883 | 1 | |8 3\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 |l UBR01 |p ZDB-2-SME |q ZDB-2-SME_1990/2004 |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804180479479382016 |
|---|---|
| any_adam_object | |
| author2 | Cupp, Melanie Johns Tracy, Timothy S. |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | m j c mj mjc t s t ts tst |
| author_facet | Cupp, Melanie Johns Tracy, Timothy S. |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046144289 |
| collection | ZDB-2-SME |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-2-SME)978-1-59259-303-3 (OCoLC)1119003750 (DE-599)BVBBV046144289 |
| dewey-full | 615 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 615 - Pharmacology and therapeutics |
| dewey-raw | 615 |
| dewey-search | 615 |
| dewey-sort | 3615 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04275nmm a2200589zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV046144289</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">190905s2003 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781592593033</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-59259-303-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-2-SME)978-1-59259-303-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1119003750</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV046144289</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">615</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Dietary Supplements</subfield><subfield code="b">Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology</subfield><subfield code="c">edited by Melanie Johns Cupp, Timothy S. Tracy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Totowa, NJ</subfield><subfield code="b">Humana Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 410 p. 5 illus)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Forensic Science and Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">While sales of dietary supplements have skyrocketed in recent years, information about their safety and efficacy in humans is generally sparse in comparison with what is available for prescription drugs. Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology presents, in both comprehensive and summary formats, a wealth of objective information for a selection of significant nonherbal dietary supplements. The supplements detailed were chosen for their popularity, toxicity, and the quantity and quality of information available, and include such well-known agents as DHEA, androstenedione and other over-the-counter steroids, coenzyme Q10, fish oil, glucosamine and chondroitin, chitosan, chromium picolinate, creatine, vanadyl sulfate, SAMe, and melatonin. Additional coverage is given to colloidal silver, shark cartilage, germanium, red yeast rice extract, l-tryptophan, N,N-dimethylglycine, GHB and GBL, huperzine, hydrazine, methylsulfonylmethane, and pyruvate. Each monograph discusses the history of the compound; its chemical structure; its current and promoted uses, sources, and chemical composition; and its toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and physiological role. Also presented are case reports of their adverse effects and interactions, as well as information on their reproductive effects, chemical and biofluid analysis, and regulatory status. Each chapter is based on original studies published in reputable peer-reviewed journals, as well as on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or other high-quality assessments by recognized experts. Authoritative and objective, Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology offers physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, and medical examiners a treasure trove of uncommon-but reliable-scientific and clinical information on the toxicity and usefulness of today's leading nonherbal dietary supplements</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Pharmacology/Toxicology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Toxicology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Klinische Pharmakologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4073517-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Toxikologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4060538-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Nahrungsergänzungsmittel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4627438-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4143413-4</subfield><subfield code="a">Aufsatzsammlung</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Nahrungsergänzungsmittel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4627438-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Klinische Pharmakologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4073517-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">2\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Nahrungsergänzungsmittel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4627438-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Toxikologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4060538-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">3\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cupp, Melanie Johns</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tracy, Timothy S.</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">9781468497267</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">9781588290144</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">9781468497250</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-2-SME</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">ZDB-2-SME_1990/2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031524473</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">2\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">3\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3</subfield><subfield code="l">UBR01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-2-SME</subfield><subfield code="q">ZDB-2-SME_1990/2004</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV046144289 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:36:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781592593033 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031524473 |
| oclc_num | 1119003750 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 410 p. 5 illus) |
| psigel | ZDB-2-SME ZDB-2-SME_1990/2004 ZDB-2-SME ZDB-2-SME_1990/2004 |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Humana Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Forensic Science and Medicine |
| spelling | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology edited by Melanie Johns Cupp, Timothy S. Tracy Totowa, NJ Humana Press 2003 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 410 p. 5 illus) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Forensic Science and Medicine While sales of dietary supplements have skyrocketed in recent years, information about their safety and efficacy in humans is generally sparse in comparison with what is available for prescription drugs. Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology presents, in both comprehensive and summary formats, a wealth of objective information for a selection of significant nonherbal dietary supplements. The supplements detailed were chosen for their popularity, toxicity, and the quantity and quality of information available, and include such well-known agents as DHEA, androstenedione and other over-the-counter steroids, coenzyme Q10, fish oil, glucosamine and chondroitin, chitosan, chromium picolinate, creatine, vanadyl sulfate, SAMe, and melatonin. Additional coverage is given to colloidal silver, shark cartilage, germanium, red yeast rice extract, l-tryptophan, N,N-dimethylglycine, GHB and GBL, huperzine, hydrazine, methylsulfonylmethane, and pyruvate. Each monograph discusses the history of the compound; its chemical structure; its current and promoted uses, sources, and chemical composition; and its toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and physiological role. Also presented are case reports of their adverse effects and interactions, as well as information on their reproductive effects, chemical and biofluid analysis, and regulatory status. Each chapter is based on original studies published in reputable peer-reviewed journals, as well as on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or other high-quality assessments by recognized experts. Authoritative and objective, Dietary Supplements: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology offers physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, and medical examiners a treasure trove of uncommon-but reliable-scientific and clinical information on the toxicity and usefulness of today's leading nonherbal dietary supplements Pharmacology/Toxicology Toxicology Klinische Pharmakologie (DE-588)4073517-5 gnd rswk-swf Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd rswk-swf Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (DE-588)4627438-8 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (DE-588)4627438-8 s Klinische Pharmakologie (DE-588)4073517-5 s 2\p DE-604 Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 s 3\p DE-604 Cupp, Melanie Johns edt Tracy, Timothy S. edt Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 9781468497267 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 9781588290144 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 9781468497250 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacology/Toxicology Toxicology Klinische Pharmakologie (DE-588)4073517-5 gnd Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (DE-588)4627438-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073517-5 (DE-588)4060538-3 (DE-588)4627438-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology |
| title_auth | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology |
| title_exact_search | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology |
| title_full | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology edited by Melanie Johns Cupp, Timothy S. Tracy |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology edited by Melanie Johns Cupp, Timothy S. Tracy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Supplements Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology edited by Melanie Johns Cupp, Timothy S. Tracy |
| title_short | Dietary Supplements |
| title_sort | dietary supplements toxicology and clinical pharmacology |
| title_sub | Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology |
| topic | Pharmacology/Toxicology Toxicology Klinische Pharmakologie (DE-588)4073517-5 gnd Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (DE-588)4627438-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pharmacology/Toxicology Toxicology Klinische Pharmakologie Toxikologie Nahrungsergänzungsmittel Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-303-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cuppmelaniejohns dietarysupplementstoxicologyandclinicalpharmacology AT tracytimothys dietarysupplementstoxicologyandclinicalpharmacology |