Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania: the Criterion Association
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
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Cham, Switzerland
palgrave macmillan
[2019]
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| Series: | Modernity, memory and identity in south-east Europe
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| Online Access: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Physical Description: | xxix, 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9783030201647 |
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Nae Ionescu, the Young Generation, ‘The Spiritual Itinerary’ and Education Abroad, 1927-1932 25 3 The Criterion Association of Arts, Literature and Philosophy: Beginnings and Birth in Bucharest, 1932 59 4 The Criterion Association’s Activity of 1932: ‘Idols’ Symposia, Politics, Culture 85 5 Criterion Activity of 1933-1935: Politics, Exhibition, Symposia, Music and the Publication 133 6 The Dissolution of the Criterion Association, 1934-1935: The Credinţa Scandal, Male Friendship, Sexuality and Freedom of the Press 177 7 Rhinocerization: Political Activity and Allegiances of the Young Generation, 1935-1941 211 xxi
ХХІІ CONTENTS 8 The Fate of the Young Generation and the Legacy of Criterion 253 9 Conclusion 277 Bibliography 281 Index 305
Bibliography 1. Manuscript and Archival Sources Archive at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, USHMM, Washington, DC, USA Inventory Nr. 2247; Ministerul de Interne—Diverse [the Romanian Ministry of the Interior—Diverse] Years 1910-1956 Arhiva Consiliul Naţional Pentru Studierea Arhivelor Securităţii, ACNSAS [The National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives] Bucharest, Romania Arşavir-Nazaret Acterian, R41665 Arşavir Acterian, 1203607 Haig Acterian, 121201 2/1 Dosar Nr. 54892/1-2 Mircea Eliade, SiE 167/1 Dosar Nr. 6814 (1-3) Constantin Noica, 14664; Dosar Nr. 85321 (1981-1987) Constantin Noica, 115156/1-3 Dosar Nr. 205407/1-3 Marietta Sadova, 1209489/1-А· Zaharia Stancu, 173549/1-2 Arhiva Muzeul Naţional al Literaturii Române, AMNLR [National Museum of Romanian Literature] Bucharest, Romania © The Author(s) 2019 C. A. Bejan, Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20165-4 281
282 BIBLIOGRAPHY Correspondence of Haig Acterian, Emil Cioran, Petru Coniamoseli, Mircea Eliade, Eugen Ionescu, Constantin Noica and Mihail Sebastian Arhivele Statului [State Archives] Bucharest, Romania Sala de studiu fonduri personale şi familie [Room for the study of personal and family files] File #1824: Acterian Family, Years 1904-1973 Biblioteca Academiei Române, BAR[Libraryofthe Romanian Academy] Sala de manuscrise, arhiva personală lui Petru Comarnescu [Manuscripts Room, personal archive of Petru Comarnescu] Ach. 17/2001 APPC The University of Chicago Library Mircea Eliade Papers 1926-1998, unpublished journal 2. Printed Primary Sourced Acterian, Arşavir. ‘Cite ceva despre Asociaţia Criterion.’ Criterion Seria Nouă, Year 1, Vol. 1, March 1990. Acterian, Arşavir. Jurnal 1929-1945/1958-1990. Bucharest: Humanitás, 2008. Acterian, feni .Jurnalul uneifiinţegreu de mulţumit. Bucharest: Humanitás, 2007. (*) ‘Asociaţa Criterion şi manifestaţiile studenţeşti.’ Cuvântul, November 14,1932, (*) ‘Astăzi începe procesul cavalerilor de Curlanda.’ Credinţa, Year 3 No. 352, fanuary 10, 1935. Benda, fulien. The Treason of the Intellectuals. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2017. Blaga, Lucian. Zalmoxis: Obscure Pagan. Translated by Doris PlantusRuney. Iaşi, Oxford, Portland: The Center for Romanian Studies, 2001. Botta, Dan. ‘Cronica Muzicală: Expresionism şi nou clasicism musical.’ Calendarul, October 14, 1933. Botta, Dan. ‘Puterea Cuvântului.’ Criterion, Year 1 No. 5, December 15,1934,1. Botta, Dan. ‘O Statuie [de Michelangelo].’ Criterion, Year 1 No. 5, December 15, 1934.
Cantacuzino, Ion I. and Petru Comarnescu, Mircea Eliade, Constantin Noica, Henri H. Stahl, Alexandru Cristian Tell, Mircea Vulcănescu, eds. Criterion: (*) indicates anonymous articles, which are placed alphabetically according to first word.
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Index a ‘Accused Julien Benda, The’ (article by Noica), 9 Acosta, Mercedes de, 122 Acterian, Arşavir Bergson symposium, 120 biographical sketch of, 33, 37 Criterion Association and, 81, 91 Gide symposium, 108, 110 imprisonment of, 267 Iron Guard and, 115 Valéry symposium, 118, 119 Acterian, Eugenia ‘Jeni,’ 33 Acterian, Haig biographical sketch of, xxiv, 33, 35 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 131 death of, 237-238 education abroad of, 48, 230-231 Forum Group presentation, 72 imprisonment of, 237-238 marriage of, 228 National Theatre and, 235 photograph of, 2 Acterian, Jeni, 223-224 Action Française, 10 Acţiune şi Reacţiune, 36 Acţiunea Studenţească, 190 A la recherche du temps perdu (Proust), 123 Albright, Madeleine, xv Alexandrescu, Sorin, 7, 13, 33 Alioth-Karadj a, Lucie, 143 America văzută de un tânăr de azi (Comarnescu), 54-55, 263 American industrialization, 10 ‘Americanism and Europeanism’ conferences, 73 Anale, see Circle of the Romanian Annals (Cercul Analelor Române) Anderson, Vera, 75 Anii Treizeci (Ornea), 179 Anti-American sentiment, 10, 52 Anti-Semitism after the realization of Greater Romania, 18 of Carol, 214-216 Chaplin symposium, 102-103 © The Author(s) 2019 C. A. Bejan, Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania, Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20165-4 305
306 INDEX Anti-Semitism {cont.) of Cioran, 222-223 of Ionescu, 240-241 Ionescu and, 30 riots, 212 of Sadova, 233-236 at the university level, 20 Antonescu, General, 215-216, 254-255 Antonesei, Liviu, 7,15, 266-267 Arendt, Hannah, 278 Arghezi, Tudor, 171, 208 Art, 43^4,173 Automobiles, 71-72 Axa, 5, 116,147-148 Azi, 72, 74-75 В Badauta, Alexandru, 68 Baeumler, Alfred, 10 Bagdasar, Nicolae, 119 Baie, Cornelia, 134 Bald Soprano, The (Ionesco), 258 Baltazar, Camil, 209 Bărbat, Virgil, 69 Barbu, Ion, 112, 171 Bauhaus, 11 Bebis, Corneliu, 134 Benda, Julien influence of, 9 theory of intellectuals, 8-9 Treason of the Intellectuals, The (Benda), xvi Benn, Gottfried, 10 Bergson, Henri, 119-120 Besant, Annie, 121 Bessarabia, 21 Bieckerich, Victor, 134 Birth control, 145 Blaga, Lucian, 11, 14, 19, 25, 134, 227-228, 260 Blank, Aristide, 262 Bloomsbury Group, 11 Bogza, Geo, 207-209 Boia, Lucian, 22 Borsec, Transylvania, 146 Botta, Dan Bergson symposium, 120 biographical sketch of, 33 on the Criterion Association, 90 on Michelangelo, 173 philosophy of, 167 review of‘Cycle of Major Moments of Music’ series, 143 Valéry symposium, 117 Brancuşi, 14 Bratiami, Ion, 14 Brauner, Harry, 233 Brauner, Victor, 60, 129 Broşteanu, Aurel (Relu) D., 72-73,129 Bucharest Pogrom, 235 Bucur, Maria, xiv Burileanu, Rodica, 195 ‘Burning Pyre’ religious movement, 261 C Căile Ferate Române (CFR), 138 Calendarul, 74, 109 Caler, Leni, 232, 270 Călinescu, Armand, 96-97, 111, 123, 214-215 Călinescu, Matei, 2, 6, 37, 248, 274 Călugăru, Ion, 99, 103 Camaraderie, 62-65, 193, 194 Campanella, Tommaso, 35 Campus
environment, 53-54 Cantacuzino, G.M., 68 Cantacuzino, Ion I. on art, 173 biographical sketch of, 33, 38 Forum Group presentation, 72 Gide symposium, 109-110
INDEX on literature, 170-171 on nationalism, 169 Roşu and, 113-114 Valéry symposium, 117 Cantacuzino, Ion. I., Freud symposium, 97 Cantacuzino-Enescu, Maruca, 29-30 Capsali, Floria biographical sketch of, xxv, 33 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 131 Credinţa scandal and, 181 Criterion Association and, 63-65 ‘History and Aesthetic of Dance in Four Conferences with Examples’ series, 141 jealousy of, 205-206 ‘Music and Dance from Brăila’ workshop, 134 photograph of, 2 Caragiale, 268 Carol II (king of Romania) biographical sketch of, xxvi free speech and, 177 Frontul Renaşterii Naţionale [the Front of National Rebirth], 214-216 infidelity of, 208-209 rule of, 17, 148 Cars, 71-77 Catargi, Henri, 135 Caviar and Ashes (Shore), x, 11 Ceallaigh, Philip Ó, 7 Cecchetti, Enrico, 64 Censorship, 206 See also Free speech Chaplin, Charlie, 99-103,122 Chicago, IL, 54-55 Christianity, 46M7 Cinema, 99-100, 122 Cioculescu, Şerban Bergson symposium, 119 307 biographical sketch of, 33 on Comarnescu, 67 Forum Group presentation, 72, 73 Gide symposium, 108 Valéry symposium, 118 Cioran, Emil (E.M.) Bergson symposium, 120 biographical sketch of, xxiv, 32, 38 education abroad of, 54-55 friendship with Comarnescu, 239 legacy of, 5 liberalism of, 257 Nazism and, 55-57 personal disposition of, 257-258 photograph of, 257 political allegiances of, 219-224 Schimbarea la faţă a României, 56-57, 219-222 Schimbarea la faţă a României [The Transfiguration of Romania], 6 Circle of the Romanian Annals (Cercul Analelor Române), 68, 117 ‘Civilization’ symposium, 144 Clark, Roland, 22 ‘Classicism’
symposium, 144 Cocea, N.D., 198 Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea biographical sketch of, xxv Credinţa scandal and, 191 death squads and, 214 execution of, 215, 225 founding of the Legionary Movement, 4, 21-23 imprisonment of, 214-215 rule of, 147-149 Sadova and Haig’s meeting with, 231-232 Schimbarea la faţă a României (Cioran) and, 221 Collective, 241
308 INDEX Comarnescu, Petru ‘Titel’ America văzută de un tânăr de azi, 263 ‘Americanism and Europeanisin’ conferences, 69 ancestry of, 188-189 Azi, 78-79 Bergson symposium, 119 biographical sketch of, x, xxiii, 32, 36, 197-199 Borsec trip, 146 Chaplin symposium, 100-101 Credinţa scandal and, 179-192,197 on the Criterion Association, 276 Criterion Association and, 77-78 ‘Cycle of Major Moments of Music’ series, 141-144 death of, 204, 264 education abroad of, 51-55 Forum Group and, 70-72 Freud symposium, 97 friendship with Cioran, 239 friendship with Noica, 199-203, 224-227 friendship with Sebastian, 240 Gide symposium, 109-110 ‘History and Aesthetic of Dance in Four Conferences with Examples’ series, 141 Homo Americanus, 53-54 influence of Benda on, 9 Iron Guard and, 116 Kalokajjathon, 264 leadership of, 67 legacy of, 5, 262-264 Lenin symposium, 96 marriage of, 182, 189,195, 198 on the members of Criterion, 16 ‘Nature of Beauty and its Relation to Goodness, The,’ 51 needs of, 66-67 notes of, 88 optimism and, 53 photograph of, 159 political allegiances of, 238-240 Proust symposium, 123-124 public appearances of, 68 ‘Răul Veacului Nostra: Hamlet 1933,’ 137-138 relationships with other members of the Criterion Association, 65-66 role of, xvi on the role of the intellectual, 163-164 Royal Foundation and, 133, 144 sexuality of, 192, 196-204 on the social atmosphere within the Criterion Association, 62-63 ‘Spiritual Directions of the New Generation’ symposium, 137-138 Stancu and, 205 student work of, 20 ‘Tyranny of Form-Traps’ article, 167 ‘Utilization of the American Spirit’
symposium, 68, 69 Valéry symposium, 117, 118 Commercial Academy, 140 Communism and the Communist Party Criterion Association and, 114 Gide’s sympathy for, 108 installation of, 4, 260-261 prohibition of, 20-21 Roşu and, 113 Condrea, Sergiu, 71-77 Conferences, 68-69 Constante, Lena, 20 Constantinescu, Costina, 238 Constantinescu, Mac, 63, 64 Constantinescu, Nicuşor, 243 Constitutional monarchy, 16-17 ‘Contemporary Idols’ symposium, 91, 135 Contemporary Romanian Culture’ symposium, 91, 130-131 Convorbiri Literare, 168
INDEX Cornea, Andrei, 266 Corteanu, A., 69 Cosmopolitanism, 171-176 Costescu, Christinei, 256 Countryside, 19 Craig, Edward Gordon, 230 Crainic, Nichifor, 14, 86,109, 111, 260 Credinţa, 5,170,179-192,197, 273 Cristescu, Colonel, 215 Criterion (publication) art reproduced in, 173 content of, 154-167,173-176 cover photo, 159 creation of, 149-154 criticism of, 175 end of publication, 176 feuilletons in, 5 internationalism in, 171-176 literary criticism in, 170-171 presentations of nationalism in, 168-169 ‘Rehabilitation of Spirituality’ article, 165-166 themes explored by, 153-154 ‘Two Italian Books’ article, 172 ‘Two Italian Commentaries’ article, 171-172 ‘Tyranny of Form-Traps’ article, 167 ‘Village’ article, 169 Vulcănescu’s contributions, 152-153 Young Generation and, 162-163 Criterion Association and the Criterionists activity of, 5, 59, 82,134-135 artistic sections, 80 camaraderie within, 193,194 ‘Civilization’ symposium, 144 ‘Classicism’ symposium, 144 communist agenda, 114 conflicts within, 65-66 ‘Contemporary Idols’ symposium, 91, 135 ‘Contemporary Romanian Culture’ symposium, 91, 130-131 309 contributions of, 276 Credinţa scandal and, 179-192 Cretin motif and, 112-113 criticism of, 109-116 Criticism section, 80 ‘Cycle of Major Moments of Music’ series, 141-144 dissolution of, 4, 177-179, 209 Forum Group, 60 Griviţa riots, 137, 140-141 ‘History and Aesthetic of Dance in Four Conferences with Examples’ series, 141 history of, xiii influence of Benda on, 9 informal meetings of, 79-81, 92 instability of, 138,147 Iron Guard and, 177-178 legacy of, 271-273 literature on,
7-8 ‘Meaning of Life in Contemporary Literature’ symposium, 144 membership of, 59-60, 62, 77, 80-84 Mihai’s thesis on, 8 mission of, 85-94 name of, 85-86 ‘Neoclassicism’ symposium, 144 official meetings of, 83 operation of, 79 organization of, xvi, 4, 82-83 origins of, 23-24, 31, 61, 77-84 outreach to the provinces, 134 Philosophy section, 80 political series, 144-145 public response to, 89, 120, 143-144, 190 ‘Race’ symposium, 144 resignations from, 81 self-identity of, 92 Social Science section, 80 ‘Solutions to the Economic Crisis’ symposium, 144 success of, 4
310 INDEX Criterion Association {cont.) symposium format, 90-91 Tendinţe (Trends) series, 135-138 themes explored by, 129-130 views of, 16 ‘War’ symposium, 144 women and, 193-195, 205 Young Generation and, 59-60, 89 Cronica Musicala, 143 Cubism, 129 Culianu, loan Petru, 7, 256 Culturalization, 168 Cultural Politics in Greater Romania (Livezeanu), 17 ‘Cultural Topics’ conference, 136 Culture, 42-43,89,91,93-94,130-131 Cum am devenit huligan (Sebastian), 2,213 Curentul, 97 ‘Current trends in Physics: the Problem of Matter’ conference, 136-137 Cuvântul Cioran’s contributions, 25 Eliade’s contributions, 50 Ionescu’s contributions, 148-149 publication of, 5 Sebastian’s contributions, 6, 70 Spiritual Itinerary, 39 suspension of, 149 Vulcănescu’s contributions, 25 Cuza, Alexandru C., 21, 31, 214 Cuzists, 101 ‘Cycle of Major Moments of Music’ series, 141-144 Czechoslovakia, 239 D Dada, 11 Daia, Vasile, 191 Dalles Foundation, 141 Daniel, Henry, 134 D’Annunzio, Gabriele, 172 Danovski, Oleg, 64 Dasgupta, Surendranath, 49 Death squads, 214 Decline of the West (Spengler), 124 De două mii de ani [For Two Thousand Years] (Sebastian), xvi, 30, 170, 213, 240 Delavrancea, Celia, 30 Demetrius, Lucia, 233 Dianu, Romulus, 97 Diavolul şi ucenicul său: Nae Ionescu Mihail Sebastian (Petreu), 6 Dictatorships, in Romania, xvii Dilettantism, 40-41 Dimensiunea românească a existenţei (The Romanian Dimension of Existence) (Vulcănescu), 19 Discovery of self, 107 Discuţia controversată, 69 Dobridor, Hariu, 191 Domnişoara Christina (Ehade), 208 Dreiser, Theodor, 172 Duca, Ion Gheorghe, 4,69,88,136,148 E
Eastern philosophy, 50 Economu, Chini, 238 Education abroad, 48—49, 57 1848 Generation, 13 Eleutheriade, Micaela, 134 Eliade, Mircea accusation of pornography, 208 anti-Semitism of, 7 biographical sketch of, xxiii, 35 Chaplin symposium, 102-103 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 130 on the Criterion Association, 59, 77-78, 89, 90, 92, 93, 178 on criticism, 112-113
INDEX ‘Cycle of Major Moments of Music’ series, 142-143 education abroad of, 49-51 ‘Few Opinions about the Development of the Iron Guard, A’ series, 147-148 Forum Group and, 74 Forum Group presentation, 74-75 Freud symposium, 97-99 friendship with Noica, 256 friendship with Sadova, 244, 250-251,268-270 friendship with Sebastian, 244-246 Gandhi symposium, ! 26-129 Gide symposium, 109 Guardism and, xi imprisonment of, 218, 245 întoarcerea din Rai (Return from Paradise), 140-141 on Ionescu, 160-161 Iphtøenia, 218-219 on the Iron Guard, 161-162 Krishnamurti and, 121-122 legacy of, 5 Lenin symposium, 95 Maitreyi, 50 marriage of, 195, 244 modernism and, 11-12 philosophy of, 52 photograph of, 257 political allegiances of, 217-219 post-war exile of, 255-256 ‘Rehabilitation of Spirituality’ article, 165-167 on the responsibility of the Young Generation, 34 on the role of the intellectual, 159-163 role of, xvi, 32 Spiritual Itinerary, 38-48 as a student of Ionescu, 27 ‘time when we will no longer be free to do what we wish,’ 249-252 ‘Two Italian Books’ article, 172 311 ‘Utilization of the American Spirit’ symposium, 68 Viaţa Nouă, 160 ‘Why I believe in the victory of the Legionary Movement’ article, 217-218 worship of, xvii Eliade, Nina, 235 Eliot, T.S., 10 Elisabeta Boulevard, 100 Elitism, 204 Eloße des Intellectuels (Lévy), 9-10 Eminescu, 14 Enescu, C., 105-106 Envy, 205-206 ‘Epistemological function oflove, The’ (lecture by Ionescu), 26 Esprit, 10 Eugenics, 145 Europeanists, 13 Europenism ¡i dileme identitare in Romania interbelică:ßruparea Criterion (Mihai), 8 Evans, R.J.W., 17
Evola, Julius, 10, 35, 218 Existentialism, 271 Experience (experienţa), xi, 15,42,155 Experiential literature, xvi Extremism, rise of, xiii-xiv Б Fabregue, Jean de, 52 Facia, 5, 37 Fascism appeal of, 4, 274-275 defined, !2 goals of, 22 historical context of, 278-279 intellectuals and, 10 intellectual support of, xv in Italy, 103-106 modernism and, 11-13
312 INDEX Fascism: A Warning (Albright), xv Ferdinand (king of Romania), 17 Feuilletons, xiii, 89 ‘Few Opinions about the Development of the Iron Guard, A’ series, 147-148 Floarea de Foc, 75 Floru, Constantin, Bergson symposium, 119 Foreign literature, 171-172 See also Literature Forum Group, 60, 70-77 Foucault, Michel, 194 Fragments ofa Journal (Ionesco), 260 France, 243-244 Free speech, 139, 189, 206 Freud, Sigmund, 96-99 Friends of the United States Society, 68, 69, 88 Friendship, 193, 194, 205 Frontul Renaşterii Naţionale [the Front of National Rebirth], 214 Fuhlsbuettel concentration camp, 195 Futurism, 11 G Gafencu, Grigore, 144 Gandhi, Mahatma, 125-129 Gândirea, 5, 14-15, 25,149 Garbo, Greta, 122-123 Garcia Marquez, Gabriel, xiv, 8 ‘General Economic Directions’ conference, 136-137 Generaţia tânără [the Young Generation], see Young Generation Generation ’27, 9 Generation Without Beliefs, A (Vanhaelemeersch), 7 Generations in the social history of modern Romania, 14,156-158 Georgescu, Radu, 143-144 Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe, 140, 255 Ghinda, Barbu Catargi, 141 Gide, André, 1,106-110 Gilbert, Arthur, 194 Glasul Patriei (The Voice of the Motherland), 260 Goga, Octavian, 169, 214 Golescu, 14 Golopenţia, Anton biographical sketch of, 33 interests of, 38 on the role of the intellectual, 164 work of, 20 Goya y Lucientes, Francesco Jose de, 173 Greater Romania, xiii See aho Romania Griffin, Roger, 11, 12, 22 Grigorescu, Mircea, 73, 96 Griviţa riots, 137-141 Grosu, Monica, 7, 193 Guardism, xi Gulian, Emil, 108 Gusti School and Dumitrie Gusti, 20, 60, 91 Gyr, Radu, 235 H ‘Happy
Guilt’ (essay by Manea), 6, 279 Hechter, Iosif, see Sebastian, Mihail Heidegger, Martin, 10 Helena (princess of Greece), 17 Herf, Jeffrey on extremism, xiv, xv reactionary modernism of, xi, 12 Herseni, Traían interests of, 38 work of, 20
INDEX Heyse, Hans, 10 Hillard, Richard ‘Ricci, 33,106 Historical revisionism, 7 ‘History and Aesthetic of Dance in Four Conferences with Examples’ series, 141 History of Sexuality (Foucault), 194 History, Eliade’s theory of, 160 Hitchins, Keith, 13 Hitler, Adolf Carol’s visit with, 215 Cioran’s interest in, 58 homosexuality and, 195 Hogaş, Calistrat, 97 Hoitaş, Cianida, 235 Hóiban, Anton, 117 Hollywood, 99-100,122 Holocaust in Romania, 215-216 Holy Legionary Youth (Clark), 22 Homo Americanus (Comarnescu), 72 Homosexuality concept of, 194 Credinţa scandal and, 179 180 Garbo and, 122-123 Gide and, 108 male friendship and, 11 persecution of, 187, 195 in Romania, 196 Hooliganism, 213 Hour ofDecision: Germany and the World Historical Revolution, The (Spengler), 125 ‘How Julien Benda lied!’ (article by Noica), 9 Huliganii (Eliade), 213 Hungarian people, 223 I lancu, Avram, 14 lancu, Marcel, 14, 129, 134 Iaşinschi, Vasile, 235 313 Idei europeane (European Ideas), 68 ‘Idols’ symposium, organization of, 91 Imagination, 118 ‘Immediate Economic Directions: Monetary Solutions conference, 144 Impatience, 47 Individuals, 241 Infamous Past, An: E.M. doran and the Rise ofFascism in Romania (Petreu), 6 Integral Nationalism, 155 Intellectuals defined,9 imprisonment of, 265 role and responsibility of, 8-9 role of, 159-167 Internationalism, 171-176 întoarcerea din Rai [Return from Paradise] (Eliade), 140-141, 213 Ionesco, Eugene Bald Soprano, The, 259 biographical sketch of, xxiv, 32, 37 on Comarnescu, 262-263 on the Criterion Association, 178-179, 272 criticism of, 170-171 education abroad
of, 48 Fragments ofa Journal, 260 friendship with Sebastian, 246-248 Iron Guard and, 115 Jewish identity of, 248, 259-260 legacy of, 5 letter to Vianu, 60, 253-254 marriage of, 195 photograph of, 257 political allegiances of, 247-249 post-war exile of, 258-260 Present Past Past Present, 259 relationships with other members of the Criterion Association, 66 Ionescu, Marioara, 235
314 INDEX Ionescu, Nicolae C. (Nae) academic career of, 26-29 anti-Semitism of, xvi, 6, 30, 240-241 biographical sketch of, xxiii, 25-26, 37 criticism of, 170 death of, 215 Eliade on, 160-161 imprisonment of, 214-215, 245 insecurity of, 29-30 mentor- mentee relationship with Sebastian, 240-241 politics and, 30-31,148-149 Spengler and, 124 style of, 32 Tendinţe (Trends) series, 135-137 trăire and experienţa, and, 15-16 ‘Trends in Domestic Politics: the Romanian State’ conference, 136-137 Young Generation and, 31 Iordache, Maria, 235 Iorga, Nicolae, 17, 18, 31, 52, 216 Iorgulescu, Yor Petre, 135 Iphįgenia (Eliade), 230 Iron Guard aesthetics of, 22-23 anti-Semitism riots, 212 Axa, 116,147-148 Carol II and, 226 Criterion Association and, 177-178 Eliade and, 147-148, 161-167, 217-219 formation of, 21 Ionescu’s support of, 30-31 National Legionary State and, 216 Polihroniade and, 115-116 See also Legionary Movement Isabel şi apek diavolului (Eliade), 208 Italy, fascism in, 103-106 Itineráriu Spiritual, see Spiritual Itinerary, The [Itineráriu Spiritual] J Jackson, Eric, 203 Jammes, Francis, 172 Jealousy, 205-206 Jennings, Jeremy, 9 Jewish population, 17-18 Jianu, Ionel ‘Nelly’ biographical sketch of, 33, 36 on the Criterion Association, 276 Forum Group and, 70, 75-77 Jocul de-a vacanţa (Sebastian), 232 Johnson, Paul, 8, 278 Jung, Carl Gustav, 11 Junimea Society, 33 К Kalokajpathon (Comarnescu), 264 Katz, Jonathan Ned, 194 Kemp-Welch, Anthony, 9 Kiriţescu, Constantin, 208 Klages, Ludwig, 55 Kogălniceanu, 14 Kriek, Ernst, 10 Krishnamurti, Jiddu, 121-122 L Laignel-Lavastine,
Alexandra, 6 LANC (the League of National Christian Defence), 21 Language, 169 Lapedatu, Al., 30 Lavrič, Sorin, 199 Lazăr, Gheorghe, 14 Leadbeater, C.W., 121 League of National Christian Defence (LANC), 101,212 Legat, Nicolas, 64 Legion of the Archangel Michael, see Legionary Movement Legionary Movement
INDEX appeal of, 6 criticism of, 147-149 founding of, 4 history of, xiii, xvi modernism and, 12 nature of, 22 Noica’s enlistment in, 225 ‘Totul Pentru Ţară’ [Everything for the Country] politcal party, 214 See also Iron Guard Legionary Rebellion, 235-237 Legione Decima [The Tenth Legion] (Panzini), 172 Lenin, Vladimir, 94-96 Lévy, Bernard, 9-10 Lewis, Wyndham, 10 Liberal Party, 20 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 266 Literary style, 5 ‘Literary Topics’ conference, 136 Literature, 43-44,170-172 Livezeanu, Irina, 17 Los Angeles Review ofBoob, 7 Lost Generation, 33 Lovinescu, Eugen, 11, 14, 25,136 Lovinescu, Monica, 258 Lumea, 36 Lupescu, Elena ‘Magda,’ 17 M Madgearu, Virgil, 136-137 Maiorescu, Titu, 33 Maitreyi (Ehade), 50 Male friendship, 11, 193,194 Manea, Norman, 6,14,279 ‘Manifestul Crinului Alb’ [The Manifesto of the White Lily], 38 Maniu, luhu, 20, 214 Manolescu, Mihail, 69,103,106 Manolescu-Strunga, Gina, 147,189,198 Manolescu-Strunga, Ion, 182 315 Manoliu, Petru, 170 Mareş, Nina, 102,195, 244, 245 Margareta-Fotino, Elena, 26 Marie (queen of Romania), 52,134 Marin, Bobi, 235 Marin, Vasile, 214 Marinetti, Filippo, 10 Martial law, 139-140 Marxism, 155 Mârzescu Law, 21 Masculinity, 193 Massis, 107 Maulnier, Thierry, 52 Maurras, Charles, 10 Maxy, Max Hermann, 60, 129, 134 ‘Meaning of Life in Contemporary Literature’ symposium, 144-147 Medrea, Victor, 182-183, 185 Mehedinţi, Simion, 90, 96,136 Mezdrea, Dora, 32 Michael (king of Romania), 254-255 Michailescu, Corneliu, 134 Michelangelo, 173 Micu, Dumitru, 15 Miculescu, George, 236 Mihai, Constantin, 8 Mihalache, Ion, 133 Minority issue,
144-147 Mircea Eliade: Le prisonnier de l’histoire (Ţurcanu), 6 Mironescu, Alexandru, 97 Modernism, fascism and, 11-13 Moldova, 17 Molea, Vera, 228 Monitorul Oficial, 139 Mosse, George L., 22 Moţa, Ion, 214 Mussolini, Benito, 103-106 Muston, Wendy, 200-202 Mysticism, 44
316 INDEX N Narcissus, 118 Nationalism forms of, 12 presentations in Criterion, 168֊! 69 Vulcănescu on, 156 National Legionary State, 216 National Peasant Party (PNŢ), 20, 214 National Theatre, 235, 261, 262, 267 ‘Nature of Beauty and its Relation to Goodness, The’ (Comarnescu), 51 Nazism, 195 Neam [people, nation], 18 Neamul Românesc, 18 Negry, Gabriel biographical sketch of, xxv, 33 Capsali and, 205 Credinţa scandal and, 179, 181-182, 186-187 Criterion Association and, 60 ‘History and Aesthetic of Dance in Four Conferences with Examples’ series, 141 Nehru, Pandit, 127 Neoclassic humanism, 155 Neoclassicism’ symposium, 144 Neumann, Victor, 19 New Culture Movement, 11 The New Republic, 6 Newspapers, 5 New York, NY, 54-55 ‘Nicadori’ death squad, 148 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 55 Night of the Long Knives, 195 Nihilism, 55 Nistor, Ion, 38 Noica, Bebe, 200 Noica, Constantin ‘Dinu’ biographical sketch of, xxiv, 32, 37 on Comarnescu, 36 education abroad of, 48 Forum Group and, 70 friendship with Comarnescu, 199-203, 224-227 friendship with Eliade, 256 imprisonment of, 265 influence of Benda on, 9 Iron Guard and, 116 legacy of, 5, 264-267 marriage of, 200-202, 227-228 Păltiniş group, x Păltiniş School, 266-267 photograph of, 159 political allegiances of, 224-228 on the role of the intellectual, 164—165 Non-spiritual moment, 156-157 Nu (Ionesco), 37, 170-171 О Oişteanu, Andrei, 2 Old Generation (generaţia socială), 14, 17, 90 Okeanu, Alexandru, 191 Omescu, Ion, 203 Optimism, 100 Ornea, Žigu, 15, 149-150, 153,179 Orthodoxy, 45-47 O scrisoare pierdută (Caragįale), 268 P Palingenetic
ultranationalism, 12 Păltiniş group, x Păltiniş School, 5, 266-267 Pandrea, Petre, 38, 263 Panzini, Alfredo, 172 Papagoga, Margareta, 237 Papini, Giovanni, 35 Părerile Libere, 5,37 Pârvan, Vasile, 15, 27 Passion, 40 Pătrăşcanu, Lucreţiu, xi, 94, 255 Pătraşcu, Miliţa, 135 Patronage Society, 68 Pauker, Ana, 255 Pavel, Sorin, 38
INDEX Payne, Stanley, 22 Peasants’ Party, 20 Pe culmile disperării [On the Heights of Despair] (Cioran), 38 Penciulescu, George, 267 People’s Republic of Romania (RPR), 268 Petrescu, Camil, 240 Petrescu, N., 69 Petreu, Marta, 6-7, 29, 47, 221-222, 240-241, 275 Petroviči, Ion, 91, 97 Petru Comarnescu: un neliniştit în secolul său [Petru Comarnescu: A Restless Man in His Century] (Grosu), 7 Philosophical Society, 68 Picasso, Pablo, 129 Pierre-Quint, Léon (fictional character), 2 Pillat, Ion, 117 Pippidi, Andrei, 9 Pirandello, Luigi, 171-172 Pleşu, Andrei, 266 Ploieşti oil refineries, 138 Poesis, 68 Poetry, 43, 207 Polihroniade, Mary, 2, 235 photograph of, 2 Polihroniade, Mihail ‘Mişu’ biographical sketch of, xxiv, 32, 35, 36 execution of, 215 Forum Group and, 70 Forum Group presentation, 73-74 imprisonment of, 214-215 Iron Guard and, 115-116 Lenin symposium, 94-95 literary reference to, 2 Mussolini symposium, 104 photograph of, 2 relationships with other members of the Criterion Association, 65 317 Societatea de politică externă (Foreign Policy Society), 68 Political allegiances, 216 See also specific individuals ‘Political Directions of the New Generation’ conference, 135-136 Political parties, 20-23 Politics, 241 Popa, Gr., 69 Popa, Victor Ion, 20 Popescu, Al., 125 Pop-Martian, D. Al., 130 Poporanism, 14 Popoviči, Gheorghe, 167-168 Popoviči, Lily, 68 Popovici-Lupa, Elena, ЗО Pornography, 207 Pound, Ezra, 10 Practical people, 159 Present Past Past Present (Ionesco), 259 Press, 73,109-110, 242 Professions, 91 Prostitution, 187,198, 208 Protestantism, 45-46 Protopopescu,
Dragoş, 242 Proust, Marcel, 123-124 Psychoanalysis, 98-99 Psychology, 45 R Race, 144-147 ‘Race’ symposium, 144 Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin Bergson symposium, 119 Lenin symposium, 94 Old Generation (generaţia socială) and, 17, 60, 90 spirituality and religion and, 19 ‘Trends in Philosophy: Metaphysics or Positive Science’ conference, 136 Ralea, Mihai, 91, 108
318 INDEX Rampa, 5, 37, 72 Rareş, Nina, 77 Rationalization, 274-275 Reactionary modernism, xi, 12 Regeneration, 22 Renard, Jules, 243 Rennie, Bryan, 7 Reporter, 198 Revisionism, 7 Revista Buna-Vestire, 5 Revista Fundaţiilor Regale, 5,143-144 Revolution, 88-89,159-167 Rhinocerization, Ionesco’s warning against, xvi Rhinoceros (Ionesco) historical context of, 214-216 message of, 274 origins of, 211-212 Ricketts, 74 Roberts, Joanne, 242 Rohm, Ernst, 195 Roman, Elly, 141 Romania Borsec, 146 celebration of, 13 communism in, 260-261 constitutional monarchy of, 16-17 dictatorships in, xvii, 214-216 difficult past of, 7 education in, 20 elite in, 3 Griviţa riots, 137-141 history of, xv, 7 Holocaust in, 215-216 homosexuality in, 194,196, 203-204 interwar period of, 168, 207 map of, 17 martial law, 139-140 political upheaval in, 147-148 population of, 17-18 realization of Greater Romania, 17-20 ‘Romanianness,’ 19 Treaty of Trianon, 17,169 Romanian Academy, 168, 261 Romanian Communist Party (RCP), 138 Romanian Orthodox Christianity, 19,21,22 Rosetti, Alexandru, 218, 262 Roşu, Nicolae, 113-114, 182-183 Royal Foundation differences with Criterion Association, 133 location of, 96, 111-112 symposia at, 61-62, 68, 144 Russian revolution, 88 Sacrificed Generation {generaţia de foc) members of, 14 Young Generation and, 25, 60 Sadova, Marietta biographical sketch of, xxiv, 32, 35-36 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 130 Criterion Association and, 8, 77 death of, 267-271 friendship with Eliade, 268-270 friendship with Sebastian, 232-234 imprisonment of, 237, 238, 269 legacy of, 267-271
marriage of, 228 photograph of, 2, 228 Poesis, 68 political allegiances of, 227-238 Sadoveanu, Ion Marin, 35, 68, 99, 189 Said, Edward, 9 Salonul Independenţilor, 86 Sămănătorism (sowerism), 14 Sandburg, Carl, 54 Săndulescu, Ecaterina, 55, 219, 224 Săndulescu, Valentin, 22
INDEX Savants, 41 Sburatomi, 14, 25 Scânteia, 269 Schüler, F.C.S., 145 Schmitt, Carl, 10 Scientific knowledge and specialization, 41 Sebastian, Mihaü ‘Americanism and Europeanism’ Conferences, 69 on the animalism of man, 211-212 biographical sketch of, xxiii, 32, 37 Chaplin symposium, 101-102 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 130 on the Criterion Association, 147 Cum am devenit hulinan, 2 death of, 261 De două mii de ani [Бог Two Thousand Years], xvi, 170, 240 diary of, 6 education abroad of, 48 Forum Group and, 70 Forum Group presentation, 77 friendship with Comarnescu, 240 friendship with Eliade, 250-251 friendship with Ionesco, 246-248 friendship with Sadova, 232-234 Jewish identity of, 240, 247 Jocul de-a vacanţa, 232 legacy of, 261-262 mentor-mentee relationship with Ionescu, 240-241 photograph of, 2 political allegiances of, 240-247 relationships with other members of the Criterion Association, 65-66 Steaua Jara nume, 233 as a student of Ionescu, 29-30 Ultima Ora, 262, 268 ‘Utilization of the American Spirit’ symposium, 68 Şeicaru, Pamfil, 26, 97 319 Sexual Instinct, The (Westfried), 200 Sexuality of Comarnescu, 196-204 Credinţa scandal and, 179-180 Garbo and, 122-123 Gide and, 108 during the interwar period, 207 persecution of homosexuality, 187 understanding of, 98-99, 194 Sfatul Ţării, 17 Shore, Marci, x, xvii Sibiu, Popescu, 97 Sibiu Literary Circle, 11 Süber, Belu, 2, 33, 94, 221 Sima, Horia, 215, 235 Simmel, Georg, 57 Sin, Gheorghe Ionescu, 135 Six Characters in Search ofan Author (Pirandello), 171-172 Skamander group, x Slatioreanu, Badea, 191 Socialism,
108, 238-239 Societatea de politică externă (Foreign Policy Society), 68 Sociological Society, 68 Sociology, 168-169 Socrates, 188 Sodomy, 187 Soffici, Ardengo, 172 ‘Solutions to the Economic Crisis’ symposium, 144 Sora, Mihail, 266, 269-270 Sorel, Georges, 95 Soviet Union, 21 Spengler, Oswald, 124-125 ‘Spiritual Directions of the New Generation’ symposium, 135-137, 139 Spiritual Itinerary, The [Itineráriu Spiritual], 32, 39-40 ‘Spirituality’ (article by Vulcănescu), 9 Spirituality and religion, 19, 44—47, 155-156
320 INDEX Sports, 72 Stalil, Henri H. biographical sketch of, 33 Freud symposium, 97 interests of, 38 Mussolini symposium, 104-105 on nationalism, 168-169 work of, 20 Stancu, Zaharia attacks on the Criterion Association, 147, 180 biographical sketch of, xxv, 33 Comarnescu and, 75, 182-184, 205 imprisonment of, 261 Krishnamurti conference, 122 Stark, Letta, 75 Stat [state], 19 Steaua förå nume (Sebastian), 233 Ştefanescu-Goangă, F., 215 Steinhardt, Nicolae, 265 Stelescu, Mihai, 214 Sterian, Margareta, 76, 134 Sterian, Paul biographical sketch of, 35 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 130 Criterion Association and, 112 ‘Cycle of Major Moments of Music’ series, 142 Jianu and, 76-77 ‘Utilization of the American Spirit’ symposium, 68 Valéry symposium, 118 Stoilov, Simion, 256 Strikes, 138-139 Şuluţiu, Octav biographical sketch of, 33, 37 on the Criterion Association, 112 diary of, 88, 92, 93 on Gide, 107 on language, 169 on violence, 213 on women, 193 work of, 36 Surrealism, 11 Symposium formula, 69 Synthesis, 41 T Taccuino di Arno Borghi [The Notebook of Arno Borghi] (Soffici), 172 Taliami, Ion, 236 Taşcă, G., 112,136,144 Tatărescu, Giza, 63-64 Telephone Tower, 52 Tell, Alexandru Christian biographical sketch of, xxv, 33, 38 Credinţa scandal and, 185 execution of, 215 and the fight for the man of tomorrow, 158-159 imprisonment of, 214-215 Mussolini symposium, 105 Tendinţe (Trends) series ‘Cultural Topics’ conference, 136 ‘Current trends in Physics: the Problem of Matter’ conference, 136-137 ‘General Economic Directions’ conference, 136-137 ‘Immediate Economic Directions:
Monetary Solutions’ conference, 136 ‘Literary Topics’ conference, 136 ‘Political Directions of the New Generation’ conference, 135-136 ‘Spiritual Directions of the New Generation’ symposium, 135-137, 139 ‘Trends in Contemporary Art’ conference, 137
INDEX ‘Trends in Domestic Politics: the Romanian State’ conference, 136-137 ‘Trends in External Politics’ conference, 136 ‘Trends in Philosophy: Metaphysics or Positive Science’ conference, 136 Teodorescu, Alexandru, see Tudor, Sandu (Alexandru Teodorescu) Theatre, 234-237 Theosophy and the Theosophical Society, 44, 121 Theweleit, Klaus, 194 Third Reich, 195 Third sacrificial curve, 139 ‘Time when we will no longer be free to do what we wish,’ 249 Timpa, 199 Tismăneanu, Vladimir, 22, 278 Ţiţeica, G., ! 36-137 Titulēšot, Nicolae, 196-197 Toma, Dimitriu, 236 Ţopa, Sorana biographical sketch of, 33 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 130 Criterion Association and, 92, 195 friendship with Cioran, 223 Krishnamurti and, 121-122 ‘Totul Pentru Ţară’ [Everything for the Country] politcal party, 214 Traditionalists, 13 ‘Traffic of Male Meat’ series, 186 TrtUre, 15, 27 Transylvania, 17, 20, 146 Treason of the Intellectuaե, The [La trahison des clercs] (Benda), xvi, 9 Treaty of Trianon, 17,169 ‘Trends in Contemporary Art’ conference, 137 ‘Trends in Domestic Politics: the Romanian State’ conference, 136-137 321 ‘Trends in External Politics’ conference, 136 ‘Trends in Philosophy: Metaphysics or Positive Science’ conference, 136 Trianon Treaty, 17, 169 Truth, intellectuals and, 10 Tudor, Sandu (Alexandru Teodorescu), 33 biographical sketch of, xxv, 204 Credinţa scandal and, 179-192 Floarea de Foc, 75 imprisonment of, 261 Krishnamurti conference, 122 Tugearu, loan, 64 Ţurcanu, Florin, xxv, 6, 98,129, 147 Ţuţea, Petre, 267, 268 ‘Two Italian Books’ article, 172 ‘Two Italian
Commentaries’ article, 171-172 U Ultima Ora (Sebastian), 9, 36, 262, 268 Ultranationalism, 12 Unamuno, Miguel de, 172 Underhill, Evelyn, 29 United States, 52 Universalism, 51 University Group for the United Nations, 68 University of Chicago, xvi Universul, 190 Universul Literar, 5, 37, 207 USSR, 21 ‘Utilization of the American Spirit’ symposium, 68 V Vaida-Voevod, Alexandru, 139 Valéry, Paul, 117-119, 172 Vanhaelemeersch, Philip, 7, 33, 219 Vianu, Alexandru, 117
322 INDEX Viamı, Tudor, 60, 91,117,136, 253-254 Viaţa Literară, 113 Viaţa Nouă (Eliade), 160 Viaţa Românească, 5, 138 Viforeanu, Petre, 94, 144 Village life, 19 Village Museum, 20 Vinea, Ion, 97 Violence, 213 Vlad Ţepeş League, 212 Voinescu, Alice, 60, 122 Vojen, Ion Victor, 115-116, 267-271 Vremea, 5, 56-57 Vulcănescu, Mircea ‘Americanism and Europeanism’ conferences, 69 biographical sketch of, xxv, 6, 32 Contemporary Romanian Culture symposium, 130 Credinţa scandal and, 184 on the Criterion Association, 152-153 Dimensiunea românească a existenţei [The Romanian Dimension of Existence], 19 education abroad of, 48 Forum Group and, 70 Forum Group presentation, 73 Gide symposium, 107 imprisonment of, 261 influence of Benda on, 9 interests of, 38 Lenin symposium, 94-95 marriage of, 195 Mussolini symposium, 104 note to Comarnescu, 78-79 photograph of, 159 Royal Foundation and, 65 on the social history of modern Romania, 14 spirituality and, 155-156 as a student of Ionescu, 28-29 student work of, 20 ‘Utilization of the American Spirit’ symposium, 68 W Wach, Joachim, 256 Wallachia, 17 Wallachian Revolution, 4 ‘War’ symposium, 144 Washington, DC, 54 Western philosophy, 50 Westfried, Iosif, 200 Whitman, Walt, 54 ‘Why I believe in the victory of the Legionary Movement’ (Eliade), 229-230 Wilde, Oscar, 188 Wohn, 275 Women Cioran and, 223-224 Comarnescu and, 198-199 Criterion Association and, x, 193-195, 205 World War I, 26 World War II (WWII), 254-255 Writers Association, 242 Writer’s Union of Romania, 261 Y Yanev, Yanko, 10 Yeats, William Butler, 10 Yoga, 98-99 Toga: Essai sur ks
origines de la mystique Indienne (Ehade), 50 Young Generation Chaphn and, 100 Criterion Association and, 59-60, 89 discourse of, 33-34
INDEX dismissal of, 7 education abroad of, 50, 59 fascist leanings of, 5, 274-275 Generation ’27 name, 9 historical context of, 14 homosexuality and, 108 influence of, 12 intentions of, 33 Ionescu and, 33 membership of, 34-35, 60 Sacrificed Generation and, 25 Spiritual Itinerary, 41-42 Vulcănescu on, 162 Z Zarifopol-Johnston, Hinca, 221 c Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 323
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bejan, Cristina A. 1982- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1194669719 |
| author_facet | Bejan, Cristina A. 1982- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bejan, Cristina A. 1982- |
| author_variant | c a b ca cab |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046136538 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1128838768 (DE-599)BVBBV046136538 |
| era | Geschichte 1927-1935 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1927-1935 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV046136538 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:36:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030201647 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031516852 |
| oclc_num | 1128838768 |
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| physical | xxix, 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
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| series2 | Modernity, memory and identity in south-east Europe |
| spelling | Bejan, Cristina A. 1982- Verfasser (DE-588)1194669719 aut Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association Cristina A. Bejan Cham, Switzerland palgrave macmillan [2019] © 2019 xxix, 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Modernity, memory and identity in south-east Europe Dissertation Oxford Universität 2009 überarbeitete Version Asociaţia Criterion (DE-588)1047169819 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1927-1935 gnd rswk-swf Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd rswk-swf Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 s Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 s Geschichte 1927-1935 z DE-604 Asociaţia Criterion (DE-588)1047169819 b Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-20165-4 https://www.recensio.net/r/49ebeae639804d12a9eccb06fb12335e rezensiert in: Hungarian Historical Review, 2020, 4, S. 743-746 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031516852&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031516852&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031516852&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Bejan, Cristina A. 1982- Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association Asociaţia Criterion (DE-588)1047169819 gnd Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1047169819 (DE-588)4077587-2 (DE-588)4027249-7 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association |
| title_auth | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association |
| title_exact_search | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association |
| title_full | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association Cristina A. Bejan |
| title_fullStr | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association Cristina A. Bejan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania the Criterion Association Cristina A. Bejan |
| title_short | Intellectuals and fascism in interwar Romania |
| title_sort | intellectuals and fascism in interwar romania the criterion association |
| title_sub | the Criterion Association |
| topic | Asociaţia Criterion (DE-588)1047169819 gnd Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Asociaţia Criterion Sozialer Wandel Intellektueller Rumänien Hochschulschrift |
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