Přenesená krajina: český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Czech |
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Praha
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2019
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| Edition: | Vydání 1. |
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Sachregister |
| Physical Description: | 270 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten (farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9788020029676 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Český venkov v rumunském Banátu |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Transferred countryside |
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Obsah Přenesená krajina, krajina změn (vstupní slovo) (P. Κονάή. 8 Ráz banátské krajiny a rozmanitost přírody (intermezzo první) (A. Bučekf, J. Lacina). 13 Změny krajiny a českého osídlení v rumunském Banátu (M. Šantrůčková a kol.). 22 Tradiční kultura českého Banátu Ų. Langhammerová).51 Lidová architektura českých vesnic v Banátu (V. Fanta, A. Rákosníková).67 Člověk v krajině, krajina v člověku - pomístní názvy v krajině Svaté Heleny (P Klvač). 114 Ovocnářství v českých vesnicích Banátu (S. Boček).118 Svět pod nohama - půdy a podloží (A. Kučera a kol.). 146 Přirozená lesní společenstva (intermezzo druhé) (A. Bučekf, J. Lacina). 164 Lesy v okolí Svaté Heleny a jejich obhospodařování (M. Friedl a kol.).168 Významné a mohutné stromy (J. Dreslerová). 182 Pastevní krajina - příroda a lidé
dnes Џ. Vojta a kol.). 193 Svatohelenské louky a pastviny (R. Řepka a kol.).199 Úhory ֊ laboratoř přírody na opouštěné kulturní půdě (A. Veselý a kol.).212 Hmyzí konstruktéři vegetace (P. Kovářa kol.). 222 Mravenci v okolí českých vesnic v rumunském Banátu (P. Pech a kol.).232 Brouci okolí Svaté Heleny (R. Stejskal a kol.).238 Globalizace a větrná energie ve Svaté Heleně - co ukázal čas (M. Hamanová). 245 DoslovU Janko).252 Résumé. շ55 Věcný rejstřík. շ60 Místopisný a jmenný
rejstřík.268
Résumé Transferred Countryside. A Czech Rural Phenomenon In the Romanian Banat Territory The first Czech colonists arrived in the Banat territory du ated the settlers. He supposedly promised better condi ring the eighteenth century. They were mainly veteran tions than those existing in reality and when business be soldiers who settled in mixed-nationality villages and came unprofitable, he took off the equipment and who were integrated into the formerly German cultural supplies. It is most likely that Magyarli's forest lease with milieu. More massive immigration including entire fami the military offices expired and that he no longer felt any lies which resulted in the creation of purely Czech villages duties to the colonists. This astonished the settlers a lot. followed in waves starting in the 1820s. Although all co To ease their situation they began negotiations with the lonists had their own reasons for emigrating from the military command in Bela Crkva on the acceptance of Czech lands, several common factors can be found. In the their settlements in the Military Frontier area along with early nineteenth century, the first phase of a demograp all accompanying rights and responsibilities. Within only hic revolution was on the way in the Czech lands. Natality a few years they came to a successful agreement.The ter was still high while mortality decreased which resulted ritory under the Wallachian-lllyrian Regiment was still in population growth. In addition, agricultural and trade sparsely inhabited, so the military administration was reforms were adopted, which
increased effectiveness and interested in attracting more settlers and so began to resulted in savings on labour costs, particularly on large organize further colonization on its own. In the Czech estates and in industrial firms. Small-scale farming and lands, offers to resettle Banat were met with relatively trades stagnated and had difficulties competing on the positive reactions. After 1826, the following villages were market. The government in Vienna supported immigra founded and settled by formerly Czech inhabitants: tion to marginal, sparsely populated, and little developed Gărnik, Bigär, Eibenthal, Ravensca, Sumita, Frauenwiese, parts of the monarchy, so that promises made to poten Schönthal (Ponáška), and Ablián; Germans from the Czech tial colonists (land allocations for farming, tax exemp lands established the following villages: Weidenthal (Bre tions, and exemptions from military service outside the bul Nou); Wolfsberg (Garana); Wolfwiese, Lindenfeld, and Military Frontier) were tempting for people from the Weidenheim. In total, about 3,500 people left the Czech Czech lands. The first Czech settlements established in lands. Banat were Elizabeta (Elizabethfeld) in 1823 and Sfânta Our book describes culture, folk traditions, but also natu Elena nearby Moldova Noua in (1824-1825).This wave of ral environment and literary tradition of a Czech century colonization was arranged by György Magyarli, a timber immigrant community living for almost 200 years in б re merchant from Oraviţa, who had leased the local forests mote mountain villages on Romanian-Serbian
border. It from the military administration. Magyarli's job was to at includes in detail multifaceted phenomena ofthe"Czech tract colonists to the area who would clear the forests and Banat" with special emphasis on traditional agriculture establish permanent settlements. He himself would profit and subsistence, traditional cuisine, folk crafts, folk cos from the sale of wood. In spring 1827, Magyarli gave up tumes, folk art, traditional customs and festivities. It is stri this endeavour. According to a folk story, Magyarli che king for how long the Czech colonists managed to keep RÉSUMÉ 255
their own customs, religion, culture and way of life de lings, outbuildings, technical and small sacred buildings, monstrated also in land use and/or landscape structure. often coming to existence by the hands of untrained Landscape typology of the studied area is a comprehen workmen". sive, methodologically correct output of defining re The interesting combination of human and natural im peatable spatial units according to pre-defined criteria. pact on the rural landscape represents the fruit growing Within relatively invariable natural conditions, this proce system and assortment in Czech villages of Bîgăr, Eiben dure will allow to compare the current land use and the thal, Garnie, Ravensca, Sfânta Elena and Şumiţa.The main future situation which will strongly differ from the pre activities have been carried out in Garnie, Ravensca and sent given the dynamic nature of the present processes. Sfânta Elena. There are two real threats endangering the The defined landscape types also form a unique spatial traditional agriculture and local indigenous plant vari framework to assess the phenomena and processes of eties in the Czech villages in Banat. First, it is the ongoing natural and social nature and therefore they will also be exodus of the inhabitants to the Czech Republic. The risk employed to analyze the landscape changes in a long of genetic erosion is generally higher in annual plants, term scale. such as vegetables, legumes and field crops. If a farmer The territory of the "Czech Banat" is a very diverse region leaves his field, a heritage variety of arable
crops may in terms of ethnicity and languages. This fact could not soon disappear. The advantage of permanent crops (fruit but leave its marks in the local names of the native terri trees and grapevine) is their longstanding existence and tory. Without exaggeration, we can call this a multicultu a possibility of vegetative propagation from small parts ral area. It is characteristic of the surroundings of Sfânta of plants if necessary to transfer ex situ. Secondly, and Elena that names formerly from the Czech and Romanian maybe even more severe danger, it is the deliberate re- languages came into contact and mingled - but not only placementof traditional varieties by modem ones. Fruit these. German dialects too have preserved their historical growing offers many possibilities. Fruits are suitable for influence, as have Serbian, Hungarian, or perhapsTurkish processing into local specialities which can be sold to ones. Numerous folk tales and narratives have been re tourists. corded with respect to these and many other locations The core of the studied area is the surroundings of the and natural elements, e.g. caves. Many of these names Sfânta Elena village in the Banat Mountains (Munţii Ba have remained reflected in the collective memory, either natului) situated in southwest Romania, in the southern historically or secondarily from literature. part of the mountain arc of the Carpathians. The Carpa Czech villages in the Banat area will capture one's interest thian Mountains represent one of the largest mountain at the first sight by their authenticity and integrity,
which ranges in Europe because they spread across the territo is possible other things thanks to the use of identical ries of eight European countries (Austria, the Czech Re building constructions and materials. In general, the re public, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Romania and sulting face of vernacular structures stems from natural Serbia) and their total length is 1,500 km.The Carpathians conditions, available materials, traditional procedures are rightfully considered a green backbone of Central and and experience. All these phenomena are very specific in Eastern Europe. Their importance for biodiversity can be the case of the Banat territory (geographical location, so documented for example by the fact that a third (3,988) cial situation, multicultural character), and the buildings of all European vascular plants occur in the area of the in it have to exhibit distinct characteristic features quite Carpathian eco-region. The Carpathian Mountains form logically. By the term of "vernacular architecture" we un a "bridge" between the forests of European south, north derstand the "built heritage of the villages, namely dwel and west, and function as an important bio-corridor. 256 PŘENESENÁ KRAJINA
which allows plants and animals to spread across Europe. with the abandonment of coppicing. Our results confir One of nature conservation areas of high sozologic value med the relevance of coppices in the landscape and their is a deep fault gap of the Danube River, beginning south influence on the diversity of herbs. It would be creditable of the Sfânta Elena village. to extend coppicing to the Czech Republic and to try its The chapter about bedrock and soils describes the geo effect on the vegetation composition and herb species logical environment in the physico-geographical context, diversity. historic development of the area and its bedrock compo Comparison of subxerophilous grasslands in Banat (Ro sition. Since in evolution terms the geological processes mania) and in the White Carpathians (the Czech Republic) usually occur at least at a regional or supra-regional level, shows that although the two areas host optically similar this part is considered within the framework of broad ter communities, the communities are dissimilar floristically. ritorial relations with the location of Sfânta Elena in its Both territories exhibit many vicarizing taxa of the same conclusion. Development of soils links up to a conside genera or taxa of the same species groups within the rable extent with the geological characteristic of the same genus. The species richness of the White Carpathian studied territory. It can hardly be imagined without the grasslands is much higher. The Banat types of subxero biotic component of the edatope, and this is why this philous grasslands show by
a contrast not only lower spe chapter briefly tackles the organic soil component. cies diversity, but also their heterogeneity (variability) is More than 90 woody species were determined during much lower than that of the grasslands in the White Car dendrological research in the territory. They compose of pathians. the following main groups of forest types: 1 - alluvial fo The direct damage of vegetation caused by grazing ani rests of the Danube Riverand the adjacent areas, 2 - ther mals proved to be stable during several years. Damage mophilous oak woods, 3 - oak woods and oak-beech from grazing also significantly influenced the vegeta woods, and 4 - beech woods. Referring to the measured tion composition and species richness unlike the dung structural parameters of the present woody plant com counts.Therefore, grazing damage is a preferable method munities, we distinguished several following structural of estimating grazing intensity in the landscape. Grazing types: active coppice, abandoned coppice, high forest intensity in the landscape was particularly influenced by and shrubs. They differ not only in their structures but the presence of shrubs as the shrubs probably hinder the also in their species composition and location within the movement of the livestock or offer less and/or worse landscape. Active coppices and shrubs occur near the vil feed. The importance of both grazing and shrubs in the lage while abandoned coppices and high forests farther landscape was confirmed by the analysis of plant species from the settlements. The canopy of the woods is redu
diversity and vegetation composition. Plant species di ced by a half after logging and becomes regenerated re versity peaked under intermediate levels of grazing in latively fast again. This is given exactly by the selective tensity and on sites with about 40 % of shrub cover. The cutting when a number of small diameter sprouts re shrub cover and grazing intensity also shaped the vege mains on the stump head, which readily fills the released tation significantly. To keep the maximum plant species crown space. richness on a particular site, we recommend to maintain It is shown clearly that coppice woodlands are hotspots the intermediate levels of grazing and about 40 % of for plant biodiversity. A lot of recent interest in coppice shrubs. On the landscape level, however, it is advisable to restoration arises from nature conservation reasons and keep the mosaic of grazed and ungrazed plots with the has been particularly stimulated by entomological stu variable cover of shrubs under different abiotic conditi dies that have linked a decline in insect species diversity ons. The combinations of different factors are responsible RÉSUMÉ 257
for vegetation differentiation and they are therefore re with high probability. The number of ant species found sponsible for the vegetation variability (beta diversity) at in the wider surroundings of Sfânta Elena was 45. the landscape level. In the study area we found more than 6 hundred beetle Successional transition of old fields into two-floor struc species, belonging to 53 families in the study area of which tured (shrubby) vegetation is manifested by old fields 428 species were associated more or less with grass abandoned for approx. 20 years, especially by those re lands and other non-forest habitats. 241 species were re peatedly burnt. This type of disturbance favours the es corded in the sampled forest habitats.The beetle assem tablishment of woody plant seedlings and growing blage was dominated by non-forest species typical for progress due to fire damage resistance, mainly of clonal open, sunny habitats; however, many species came from shrubs. Dependence of plant species diversity (number adjacent woodland. Some species, which are normally of species) on the age of the abandoned field displays found in woodlands, inhabited woody plants scattered in a unimodal shape of this relationship with the maximum the meadows and pastures. Forest species also profit of species diversity in plant stands aged approximately from the carpets of flowering plants, especially on mea 13 years. Influence of the key ecological factors and/or dows along the forest edges. Some beetle species are in type of management on the plant composition of the old teresting from a
zoogeographical point of view (see tab. fields suggests a significance order as follows: 1. time of 12). Some of them have a very restricted distribution area, land abandonment (age), 2, burning, 3. natural microsite such as species exclusively distributed within the Alpine- conditions. The other variables (grazing, mowing, zero -Carpathian chain, Balkan elements, species of disjunctive management) do not exhibit effective impact according distribution pattern, endemic species etc. to our dataset and seem to be equal to the absence of During the field research in the area of Sfânta Elena, we map burning. ped 692 trees of 23 species, of which wild pear (Pyruspy- Study of social insects in the context of sociobiology and raster) was represented by 152 individuals (22 %). A gre behavioral analogies with human societies is an attractive ater half of the surveyed trees were in excellent health theme. Our interest was focused on the other feature of condition, with no visible signs of damage (53 %). Indivi an important insect group facilitating the development duals with good health condition had a high share too of cultural landscape with traditional agriculture going (32.2 %). Only 7.8 % of trees exhibited minor injuries. This through changes at present. Grassland vegetation struc positive situation is primarily due to the nearby village, ture in relation to the activity of ants was studied in the and the continual cultivation of adjacent lands, although surroundings of Sfânta Elena. Grasslands without ant-hills atan extent lower than in the past. Severely injured trees
differ from grasslands with the presence of mound-buil are removed both for a better safety of field works and ding ant species. The difference consists of a partly diffe for fuel wood in winter. The continuity of old trees in the rent composition of plant stands and usually lower landscape is not only an important factor of biological numbers of plant species are found in grasslands with diversity, but helps in preserving the landscape charac mounds. ter, too. The mounds of ants differ in the vegetation composition In the Czech villages of the Romanian Banat region and from their surroundings. However, differences are obser especially in the most accessible one, Sfânta Elena, the ved between the active and the abandoned ant-hills modernization tendencies showed themselves distinct (more compact vegetation cover is present on dead ly after political changes in 1989, when the communist mounds without the activity of ants). The factor of grass regime of Nicolae Ceausescu fell. The consequence of land management (burning, grazing) is very important that meant the opening of Romania to the world, travel 258 PŘENESENÁ KRAJINA
possibilities, foreign TV channels and new goods. All that lian Enel Group. Nine generators are located in the mu brought rapid changes of the traditional community nicipal pastu res. The company did not succeed in buying which till that time had lived relatively closed, in tradi these pieces of land thanks to a Czech representative's tional thoughts and production schemes. opposition in the municipal council.The company is thus With Romanian accession to the European Union in 2007, bound by a lease contract, from which an obligation to new, till that time unknown, entrepreneurial activities contribute to the municipal budget by a sum of 2,500 started showing up. One of the significant manifestations Euro for each of the 9 generators flows. The other gene of globalization tendencies recently is the on-going con rators stand on private pieces of land which were sold by struction of wind power plants in the territory of the the village people for relatively low prices (starting at 400 Sfânta Elena village at the turn of the years 2011/2012: Euro per hectare). There is a big risk that the constructions these are 21 wind turbines with the capacity of 3 MW will negatively influence the developing potential of tou each, 140 m in height, conducted by the Enel Green Po rism, the intact landscape of the Iron Gate Nature Park, wer Romania Company, a subsidiary company of the Ita and the protected areas of the NATURA 2000 scheme. RÉSUMÉ 25 9
Věcný rejstřík A bohatost flóry 10 abiotické faktory prostředí 143,199 boreální 209 Advent 59 agroturistika 37,143 Boží Tělo 34,57,58 aktivní pařeziny 169,172,173,176 broskvoň 127,129,130 brouci 212,238-242 alfa diverzita 193,216,217,220 alochtonní horniny 153 brouci fauna 238 - společenstvo 239,241 alpsko-karpatský orogen 146 břidlice 19,149,150 amphimull 155 andělíček 60 bylinné patro 173,194,218, 220 býložravci 193,197,222, 242 antropické ovlivnění 150,158 antropický tlak 36 antropogenní tvary 21 antroposoly 152 antropozem 152 c celoevropská síť chráněných území 21 cestní infrastruktura 249 cestovní ruch 245-250 argilany 154,162 cihelné zdivo 72,76,100 cyklostezky 249 azbest 32,33 cyklus křesťanských svátků 57 В Č Apponyiho školský zákon 29 balkánská refugia 17 banátský kroj 55,57 beta diverzita 193 bezlesí 209, 233 časová škála 196 černá kuchyně 95,97,102-104 černé uhlí 32 černický horizont 151 Bílá sobota 58,59 černozem 50,151,155 Československá přesidlovací komise pro Rumunsko 31 Československý ústav zahraniční 30 biodiverzita 119,182,194,195,201 14. illyrsko-banátský pluk 23 biogeografická provincie 17,18 biokoridor 13 čtvrtohory 147,149,150,152 bezzásahovost 216 biblické mystérium 57 biologická rozmanitost 11,13,190,212 biomasa 199,213, 224,225 bionomická pozorování 238 biota 249 biotop 19,118,168,183,188,193,199-202,205, 206, 214, 225, 232, 233, 238-240, 242 bioturbace 222 biřmování 57 260 PŘENESENÁ KRAJINA D dálkové šíření semen 223 datové sady 44,45 dekompresní nemoc 249 dělnice 222,224,232,233, 235 deluvium 205 demografická revoluce 24 diaspora 224
díkůvzdání 59 dýmník viz otevřený dýmníkový komín disturbance 195 dysmull 155,160 díverzita rostlin 17 doba ledová 17,149 E - poledová 17 edafon 158 dolomity 8,16,147,205 ekoinženýrské organismy 222 dotace 128,199, 245 ekologické faktory 216,220 dožinky 59 ekologie obnovy 9 drapérie na dveřích 63 ekosystémy 119,213,214 draslík 223 ekotonoví specialisté 240 drnový kryt (pokryv) 197,222 ekoturistika 245,249 drť 150,155 elektrifikace 245 druhá světová válka 30, 34, 71,86,104,106,108,118,128, empírová štukatura 51,62 137 entomofauna 224 druhé vojenské mapování Uherského království 42,69,71, environmentální gradient 45 75, 76,80,90,113 eolické sedimenty 148,151 druhohory 146,162 - spraše 16,147,162 druhová bohatost 10,171,174,175,196,197,199,205, etnikum 44,55,67, 94,98,99,106,108 207, 209,210,216,220 etnoturistika 37 --lesů 171,174 eumoder 155 - díverzita 17,175,188,193,195,199,205,209,210,219, eumull 155,158,159 230 Evropská komise 247 - pestrost 222 Evropská unie 33,128,142,246 - rozmanitost 10,195 evropsky významné lokality 21 - skladba lesů 98,171 expanze 11, 76 druhy dutinové 242 extenzivní pastva 218,219,222 - nepůvodní 20 -výsadba 118,136 - ohrožené 20,199,204,205 extravilan 69,246,247 - stínomilné 175,214 extrém prostředí (extrémní stanoviště) 130,218,242 - submediteránní viz druhy teplomilné - světlomilné 174,214 F - teplomilné (submediteránní) 18,164,165,208 facilitace 222 dřevaři 8 faktory prostředí 45,199 dřevěné konstrukce 69,72,81,98 fenologie 224 dřeviny mohutné 183 floristické složení 197,200, 202,206,209, 222,224,230 - ovocné
11,98,118,119,125-127,129,130,142,184,188 fluvisoly 151 - roztroušené (rozptýlené) 194,239 fluvizem 50,151 - solitérní (solitér) 128,142,182,183,188,190 flyš 146-148,150,162, 205, 206 ֊ významné 182,188 formace (vegetační) 193,213,220,222 -, hodnocení stavu (zdravotní stav) 186 fragmentace 35 -, regenerace 169,170 - ploch 214 -, vegetativní rozmnožování 127,170 fýtocenologický (porostní) záznam 225 dřevní remíz 212 -snímek 205,206,215,219 dřevo kaz 233 fýtocenóza 206,224 dusík 9,216,217,220,223 fytofágní brouci 212 Dvorská válečná rada 22 fytogeografické členění 206 VĚCNÝ REJSTŘÍK 261
Q insignie Kristova umučení 58 genetická eroze 118 intenzita pastvy 194,195,197 genetický zdroj 118,119,124,125,142 internet 245 genofond 11 invázni neofyty 20 geomorfologické procesy 247 inventarizace 81,182,189 glej 152 inventární průzkum 70,92, 93,98,99,102,106 glejsoly 152 globalizace 245, 250,252 J granitické horniny 148 jabloň 122,126-133,138-140,142,143,170,188 granitoidní horniny 150 jihokarpatská příroda 13 granodiorit 150,152 jitro 23,24,34 jizba viz světnice H habitat 44 К habsburská monarchie 22, 36, 37,69,94 kambisoly 152 Heat Load Index (HLI) 215 kambizem 49,50,151-153,162 hemiboreální 209 kamenné zdivo 76,98 hémimoder 155,160 karbonátové podloží 151,158, 213 hemisférická fotografie 194 karlovický mír 22 heterogenita 45,46,158,193, 207,209,210, 212,234 karpatská fauna 240 - vegetace 193 karpatský flyš 146,148,150, 205 historicko-geologický vývoj 146,148 - oblouk 13,14,124,208,239,241 HLI viz Heat Load Index kategorie využití krajiny 36 hlíny 16, 72, 99,100,103,147,149-151,155 kdouloň 127,128,130,142 hlízkové baktérie 224 klastrová analýza 45 hnízdní kopečky 224-227 klimatické faktory 45,151 - kupy 223,224,226,228-230, 235 klimaxové společenstvo 213,214,216 holiny 242 klonální keře 197,216,219 h ra ba n ka 240,242 - šíření 197,219 hraničáři 8 kolonisté 8,22, 24-26,33, 51,52, 55,61,69,71,75,86, hrázdění 99,101 93,94 hrušeň 121,126-128,130,135,137,138,140-143,170, kolonizace 11,22, 23,25, 26,33,34,67-69, 71,76,86, 89, 176,184,185,188 90,93,95,135,213,228 humózní lesní horizont 155 koluvizem 151 humus 150,151,155,157,158,226,230, konk viz zápraží humusová forma
155,157-160 konkurence 188, 219,223, 229 hustota hnízd 225 kontinuita 108,172,190,241 hydrologické procesy 247 konvence o majetkovém vyrovnání 31 Ch koridor 197 chemismus půdy 157, 220 kozy 19,168,173,193,195,197, 238 I -agro-industriální21 ilimerizace 151-154,162 - Banátu 9-11,13,20,22,33-36,42-44,52,60,164,199,250 indikátor 194,197,216,218 - kulturní 8,9,19, 20, 21,44, 71,108,114,179 indikátory starobylých lesů 241 - otevřená 11 konzumenti 223 krajina agrární 213 262 PRENESENÁ KRAJINA
ŕ* - pastevní 193 leštěný nábytek 62 ֊ zemědělsko-lesní 33 lidový kroj 54,55 krajinná mozaika 33,36,193,212,238 limitující faktor 196 ֊ struktura 33,182 listový opad 219 krajinný typ 44,45,49,50 litozem 151,153 krajová odrůda 118,119,125,126,128,130,138,140-142 liturgie 57 královna 222,224,232 louka 23, 26, 33,34,49, 50, 71,76,116,151,172,188, kras 13,16,19, 76,126,150,165,205, 218, 248 199-202, 206-210, 212, 232, 246 krasová planina 15,16,20,21,49,164 - mezická 232 krasové jevy 115,149 - mezofilní 201 -podloží 8,15,16 - subxerofilní 199-201,205,206 krasový reliéf 15,16,21,193 -suchá 232,236 ֊ závrt 8, 9,21,71,115,116,149,150,193,213 luvisoly 151,153 krátké obmýtí 8 luvizem 49,50,151-153,205 kretonové šaty 57 krotovina 162 M krov hambalkový 100-102 makroklima 199 ֊ vaznicový 100-102 malíř 60,63 krystalické břidlice 19,149,150 malorolnické hospodaření 9 ֊ horniny 16,149,152,153,157 management 37,190,199,200, 202,214,216,217, 220 křížová cesta 57,58 -trávníků 230 křovíny 8,168,169,172-175,193-197,213,216, 239, 246 kulak 31 masopust59 kultizem 152 měděné doly 242 masíčka 223 kvalita půdy 220 měl 155,157 květenné oblasti 17 melanický horizont 151,155 květnaté louky 20,239 mésomull 155,159 metoda k-průměrů 45 L mezozoikum 146 lada 212 migrace 24,26,28,29, 245 land cover 35 mikroklima 115,249 land use 35,45 mineralizace 216 larvální stadia 238,239 minerální podklad 222 lejnožrouti 238 místní komunita 250 leptosoly 151,153 mistrovské tkaniny 55 les 8,11,13,18,19,25,26, 29-31,33-36,49-51,69,80,81, mišpule 127-129 86, 98,115,116,129,137,150,159,160,164,165,168, moder 155,157 171
-180,199,207,209,212, 233,236,238,240-242 moravské Karpatikum 202 lesní biocenózy 164 morušovník 119,128 ֊ monocenózy 165 mozaikovitost 33 ֊ společenstva 164,165,169,193, 201,213,214,21 б mramorování 155 lesy nízké 8,11,164,165, mravenci 222-230,232-236 - pastevní 10, 36,193 mull 155 -světlé 175,209,233 myrmekofauna 232,233,236 - výmladkové 168,175,207, 209, 241,242 myrmekochorie 222,223,229 -vysoké 169,172,174,175 myrobalán 127,130 VĚCNÝ REJSTŘÍK 263
N P náboženské obrazy 64 pálení čarodějnic 59 nadregionální ochrana přírody a krajiny 21 paleosoly 152,154,155,163 naivní umění 63 paleozoikum 146 nálet 20,179,197 panonske sedimenty 16 náplavy 233 pararendzina 151 národní park 21 pařezení (výmladkové hospodařeno 37,168-171,175 narušení krajinného rázu 21,247 pařeziny 150,168,169,171 ֊177,242 nástenné malby 63,64 pařezová výmladnost 170 Naše zahraničí 30 pastva 8,10,19,35,37,53,172,173,193-197,199,205, NATURA 2000 21,241,247 213,215,216,218-220,222,225, 229,246 nevládní organizace 245 -v lesích 158,168,171,175 pastvina 9,10,20,23,29, 33-35,49,50, 71,76,80,88,114, О 116,124,128,129,168,172,173,175,180,188,190,194, obraz Kalvárie 58 195,197,199-202, 205, 209, 212, 222-224, 227, 230, 234, obytný d ů m 70, 78,87,89,91,92,103 238, 239, 246, 247 odkaliště 242 pašijový týden 57 odkopek 127 pažená konstrukce 98,99 odlesňovaní krajiny 33 pedotubule 162 odrůdy ovocných dřevin 11,118,119 pěnovec 72,77,82,83,99,100 ochrana přírody 14,21,199 Perchta 60 okna 73, 74, 82,87,96,104,105,106 plody dužnaté 223 okrajový efekt 215,224 plužina 79,80,175 okus 127,168,169,177,197 počet plošek 35 oligomull 155,159 podmínky hydrické 248,249 Oltáře 58 - mikroklimatické 8,127,215 on farm konzervace 119,142 - stanovištní 182,197 opad 150,155,158,219 podnož 127,140,141,143 opouštění půdy 26, 36,214 podrost 19,164,165,193,196,205,208,222 - staveb 106 podrovnávka vnějších stěn 62 opuštěná pole viz úhory pohlavní generace 224 ordinační metoda 215 pokryvnost 165,194,197,205,215,225,228,229 organická hmota 155,157,158,162,216,220 organický materiál
222,224,226 polygenetický vývoj půd 152 orchideje terestrické 203,216, 229 -zemní 212 ornamentální výšivka 55 polykormon 172,173,178 poměr C/N 216,217 pomologická determinace 126 pomologický popis 126,130 ortofotomapa 89,113 posvícení 59 ořešák 120,127,128,130,165,188,242 potenciální oslunění stanoviště 195,196 osadníci 8,26,28,55 pouť 8,59 oskeruše 125,126,128,129 požár 8, 30, 75,104,178,179,219,223,230 osmanska říše 22 pralesovité bučiny 241 ostatní plocha 33,36 - vysokokmenné porosty 8 otevřený dýmníkový komín (dýmník) 85,87,95,103 ovce 52,193,197,238 pramenné vývěry 16 ovocnářství 118,125,127,128,142,222 produktivita 193,239 264 PŘENESENÁ KRAJINA prediktivní modely 11
- krajiny viz úživnost krajiny rozměrová škála 196 proliferace jabloně 142 rozptýlená zeleň 182 proměnlivost vegetace 10 rubifikace 152,162,163 propadání 150 ruční krajka 55 prosevy detritu 242 rudy barevných kovů 9,32 prostor EU 11 rukodělná dovednost 54 prostorová škála 10,193 - práce 60 proterozoikum 146 rukodělné umění 54 průlomové údolí 14-16,164,206 rustikální život 54 průmyslová deponie 224 první světová válka 29,100,102 Ř předkřesťanská magie 60 řehtačky, trakářky a mlýnky 58 přijímání 57 řezba ř 64 přírodní park 21,247 říční fenomén 14 přirozená lesní společenstva 7,164 pseudoglej 152 S ptačí oblast 21 sad 16, 25, 33,36,49,69,80,116,128-130,138,140,142, půda ležící ladem 36,129,179, 212,220,240 180,188,193, 201,212, 222, 233, 236 - orná 9, 29, 33-36,49,50,69,118,127,129,158,199,212, -luční 118 213,215,218,246 - pastvinný 126 půdní nadezdívka 97,101,102 -polní 118,123,126,129,132 - poměry 45,161 sakrální tématika 64 půdy fersialitické 152,162 samozásobitelství 25 - hydromorfní 152 sbírka tradiční lidové kultury 54 - polycyklické 153 seč 10,213,215,216,220,222 půlnoční mše 59 sedimenty 16,146-152,162,205, 206 selekce 224 R semena dormantní 214 rakousko-uherské vyrovnání 29 semenáče (semenáčky) rostlin 222,223 rámová konstrukce 72,82,91,99,105,106 sešlap 197,222 ramsarská lokalita 21 sešlapávaná místa 239 ráz krajiny 13,183 sezónní dynamika 212 reemigrace 30, 31,34,38,39,41,65, 71,80,125 síň 92-95, 97 relativní přelidnění 24,29,34 skarn 150,162 reliéf 8,14-16,19,21,45,46, 50,64,147,151,158,176,177, skot 51,193 slavnost Vzkříšení 57,58 193,213 rendzina 49,50,
150,151,153,155 siivon 124,127,128,130,142,171,184,188,194, 219, 241 rohovce 16,150 směrnice o ptácích 21 rostlina matečná 223 - o stanovištích 21 rostlinná dominanta 193,201,207 smíšený substrát 151,152 rostlinné strategie 230 sociálně parazitičtí mravenci 232 rostliny klonální 224,230 solitérní stromy 20,128,138,182,193 - pionýrské 214 spásané plochy 238 - plevelné 212 spásání 193,197,222,230 roubení 72,77, 81 -83,87,89, 91,99,100 sporák 102-104 roubování 124,127 spraš 16,147,149,151,155,162,205 VĚCNÝ REJSTŘÍK 265
sprašové hlíny 16,150,151,155, terrae caleis 152-154,163 sprašový sediment 150,162 textura půdy 154,163 srovnávací fotografie 69,78,84,87 těžba dříví 171,173,175-178,213,242 stabilní katastr 69-71,76,86,89-91,94,96,113 - nerostných surovin 32,33 stagnosoly 152 tkalcovna 30 stará odrůda 130-134,142 topeniště 92,102-104 starosídelní oblast 15 tradiční kultura 51,55,60,118 stáří úhoru 213, 215,216,218, 220 - produkty 249 starina 193, 229 - zvyky 54 stavební materiály 70,72,94,98,100,106,224 transport semen 222-224 stavení májů 59 travinná společenstva 193, 197,205,216, 222,228 struktura krajinného pokryvu 35 travnaté biotopy 239,240 - krajiny 11,33, 35,87,108,114,246 - plochy 193 - lesů 11 travní porosty 8,20,33-36 strukturní typy porostů 174,175 trávníky 16,175,193, 200,205,213, 229,230,236, 239, 240 střídavý systém 25 Trianonský mír 29 stupnice pokryvnosti 215 trofismus půd 149,155,158 submerídionální zóna 206 trojdílný dům 82,92,94 sukcese 173,214,225 trojpolní systém 25,240 - přirozená 246 truplování 72, 76,87,99,100 -sekundární 216 trus dobytka 238 -vegetační 10,199,214,246 trvalý travní porost 20,33-36 sukcesní série 212,218 třešeň 120,127,130,171,176,180,184, 185, 188 surový humus 230 třetí vojenské mapování Uherského království 69,71, 75, sutě 147,150 80,113 suťové pole 153 třetihory 147,150,152 sv. Mikuláš 60 13. valašsko-banátský pluk 23 svahová hlína 147,150,151,155 turistika 245,246, 249 svahovina 16,153,156,157 typ krajiny 45 svátá hostie v monstranci 58 typologie krajiny 44 světnice (jizba) 92,94,95,98 U Š udržitelné zemědělství 118 šarka švestky 142 uhlík
179,216, 217, 220,225 širokolisté suché trávníky 200,205,240 šlechtitelské účely 11 225, 234, 239, 240 štěrkové lavice 236 úmrtnost netopýrů 249 štěrky 16,147,150,233 unimodální křivka 216,220 úhory (opuštěná pole) 9,10,168,193,200,212-220,222, útlum zemědělství 9 T úživnost krajiny (produktivita krajiny) 193 tašková střecha 62, 73,82 taxon 194,200-202,210 V temperami 206 terénní propadliny 213 valašsko-illyrský pohraniční pluk 23,25 Vánoce 59,60 terra fusca 151-154,163 vápenaté sedimenty 150 - rosa 153,163 vápencové podloží 15,16,19,154 266 PŘENESENÁ KRAJINA
vápenec 1 6, 72, 99,100,148-151,153,154,156,157,205, 207, 232,247 vápnité usazeniny 206 Vardarska jizva 146 - zvyky 57,59 vysokokmen 118,127 vývěr 16,150 vzdělávání 53, 245 variabilita společenstev 215 vegetace antropogenní 212 - luční 232 - nitrofilní 226 X xerotermofyty 19 - vodní 242 Z vegetační formace 193,220 - mezistadia 213 zahrada 16,17,33, 36,49,64,69,71,80,83,122,126-129, 131-133,138,141,142, 236 - stupně 164,165 velikonoční hody 57 zápoj 141,142,168,175,178, 213 zápraží (konk) 73,78,82,83,93,95-97,101,102 -třídění 57 zásobní komory 224 velikost plošek 35 zastavěná plocha 33,35-37,49,50 velikostní frakce zeminy 222 velkopáteční omývání 57 zastínění 175,194,195,197,214,219 zavážení závrtů 9,21 závrt 8,9,15,16,21,71,115,116,127,149,150,193,208, Velký patek 57, 58 Věstník Komenský 30 213,239, 240,249 větrné elektrárny 9,21,37,216, 247-249, 252 -turbíny 247, 249 zdánlivé pařeziny 172,173 zemědělské družstvo 31,71,76,86 Vikariant 208 - obhospodařování 193,212 vinice 33, 35, 36,50,53 vodní plocha 33,36,50 zemnice 8,26,93 změny krajiny 22,247,249 ֊ životního prostředí 248 vojenské mapování 34,35,42,69,71,75, 76,80,90,113 výběrné výmladkové hospodaření 178 znečištění vod 245 zonální statistika 45 výmladek 19,169-171,177,178 výmladkové hospodaření viz pařezení zvlněný reliéf 151,213 vrata 74,105,106 zooedafon 155,157,158 vypalování 10, 20,172,179,193,199,213,215,216, 218-220, 222,225,226,229,239, 240 výpar vody 196 Ž výroční trhy 59 236 Živiny 127,131,157,158,175,200, 202, 216, 218, 223, 224, VĚCNÝ REJSTŘÍK 2Õ7 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Kovář, Pavel 1944- |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | p k pk |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1017237050 |
| author_facet | Kovář, Pavel 1944- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046039702 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1108318662 (DE-599)BVBBV046039702 |
| edition | Vydání 1. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Banat Ost (DE-588)7563814-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Banat Ost |
| id | DE-604.BV046039702 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-10T15:20:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788020029676 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031421420 |
| oclc_num | 1108318662 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 270 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten (farbig) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190722 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Academia |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kovář, Pavel 1944- (DE-588)1017237050 edt Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory Pavel Kovář (ed.) Český venkov v rumunském Banátu Transferred countryside Vydání 1. Praha Academia 2019 270 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten (farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 gnd rswk-swf Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 gnd rswk-swf Banat Ost (DE-588)7563814-9 gnd rswk-swf Banat Ost (DE-588)7563814-9 g Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 s Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031421420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031421420&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031421420&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister |
| spellingShingle | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 gnd Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061083-4 (DE-588)4127794-6 (DE-588)7563814-9 |
| title | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory |
| title_alt | Český venkov v rumunském Banátu Transferred countryside |
| title_auth | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory |
| title_exact_search | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory |
| title_full | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory Pavel Kovář (ed.) |
| title_fullStr | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory Pavel Kovář (ed.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Přenesená krajina český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory Pavel Kovář (ed.) |
| title_short | Přenesená krajina |
| title_sort | prenesena krajina cesky venkov v rumunskem banatu transferred countryside a czech rural phenomenon in the romanian banat territory |
| title_sub | český venkov v rumunském Banátu = Transferred countryside : a Czech rural phenomenon in the Romanian Banat territory |
| topic | Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 gnd Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tschechen Heimatkunde Banat Ost |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031421420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031421420&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031421420&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kovarpavel prenesenakrajinaceskyvenkovvrumunskembanatutransferredcountrysideaczechruralphenomenonintheromanianbanatterritory AT kovarpavel ceskyvenkovvrumunskembanatu AT kovarpavel transferredcountryside |