Chemical technology: from principles to products
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
[2020]
|
| Edition: | Second edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-34421-5/ Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Die im Impressum genannten ISBNs (Print, ePDF, ePub) beziehen sich auf die vorhergehende Ausgabe! |
| Physical Description: | xl, 865 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9783527344215 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Jess, Andreas |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1032542233 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chemical technology |b from principles to products |c Andreas Jess and Peter Wasserscheid |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH |c [2020] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2020 | |
| 300 | |a xl, 865 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Die im Impressum genannten ISBNs (Print, ePDF, ePub) beziehen sich auf die vorhergehende Ausgabe! | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Technische Chemie |0 (DE-588)4078178-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Chemische Verfahrenstechnik |0 (DE-588)4069941-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Chemical Engineering | ||
| 653 | |a Chemie | ||
| 653 | |a Chemische Technik | ||
| 653 | |a Chemische Verfahrenstechnik | ||
| 653 | |a Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Energie | ||
| 653 | |a Energy | ||
| 653 | |a Fossil Fuels | ||
| 653 | |a Fossile Brennstoffe | ||
| 653 | |a Industrial Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Technische u. Industrielle Chemie | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Chemische Verfahrenstechnik |0 (DE-588)4069941-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Technische Chemie |0 (DE-588)4078178-1 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wasserscheid, Peter |d 1970- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)12089257X |4 aut | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Wiley-VCH |0 (DE-588)16179388-5 |4 pbl | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, PDF |z 978-3-527-81564-7 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, EPUB |z 978-3-527-67061-1 |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031415241 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| DE-BY-862_location | 2000 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-FWS_call_number | 2000/VN 5010 J58(2) |
| DE-BY-FWS_katkey | 928733 |
| DE-BY-FWS_media_number | 083000522381 |
| _version_ | 1824553998568390656 |
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
OF
FIRST
EDITION
(AND
GUIDELINES
HOW
TO
USE
THIS
TEXTBOOK)
XVII
WHY
A
SECOND
EDITION?
XVIII
NOTATION
XXI
1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
WHAT
IS
CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGY?
1
1.2
THE
CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
2
1.3
THE
CHANGING
GLOBAL
ECONOMIC
MAP
6
2
CHEMICAL
ASPECTS
OF
INDUSTRIAL
CHEMISTRY
19
2.1
STABILITY
AND
REACTIVITY
OF
CHEMICAL
BONDS
19
2.1.1
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
THE
ELECTRONIC
NATURE
OF
BONDS
AND
ATOMS
19
2.1.2
STERIC
EFFECTS
20
2.1.3
CLASSIFICATION
OF
REAGENTS
21
2.2
GENERAL
CLASSIFICATION
OF
REACTIONS
21
2.2.1
ACID-BASE-CATALYZED
REACTIONS
22
2.2.2
REACTIONS
VIA
FREE
RADICALS
23
2.2.3
NUCLEOPHILIC
SUBSTITUTION
REACTIONS
24
2.2.4
REACTIONS
VIA
CARBOCATIONS
24
2.2.5
ELECTROPHILIC
SUBSTITUTION
REACTIONS
AT
AROMATIC
COMPOUNDS
25
2.2.6
ELECTROPHILIC
ADDITION
REACTIONS
27
2.2.7
NUCLEOPHILIC
ADDITION
REACTIONS
27
2.2.8
ASYMMETRIC
SYNTHESIS
28
2.3
CATALYSIS
30
2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
AND
GENERAL
ASPECTS
30
2.3.2
HOMOGENEOUS,
HETEROGENEOUS,
AND
BIOCATALYSIS
35
2.3.3
PRODUCTION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSTS
38
2.3.4
DEACTIVATION
OF
CATALYSTS
41
2.3.5
FUTURE
TRENDS
IN
CATALYSIS
RESEARCH
43
3
THERMAL
AND
MECHANICAL
UNIT
OPERATIONS
45
3.1
PROPERTIES
OF
GASES
AND LIQUIDS
46
3.1.1
IDEAL
AND
REAL
GAS
46
3.1.2
HEAT
CAPACITIES
AND
THE
JOULE-THOMSON
EFFECT
50
3.1.3
PHYSICAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
OF
PURE
SUBSTANCES:
VAPORIZATION
AND
MELTING
53
3.1.4
TRANSPORT
PROPERTIES
(DIFFUSIVITY,
VISCOSITY,
HEAT
CONDUCTION)
58
3.1.4.1
BASIC
EQUATIONS
FOR
TRANSFER
OF
HEAT,
MASS
,
AND
MOMENTUM
58
3.1.4.2
TRANSPORT
COEFFICIENTS
OF
GASES
61
3.1.4.3
TRANSPORT
COEFFICIENTS
OF
LIQUIDS
66
VIII
CONTENTS
3.2
HEAT
AND
MASS
TRANSFER
IN CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
69
3.2.1
HEAT
TRANSPORT
69
3.2.1.1
HEAT
CONDUCTION
69
3.2.1.2
HEAT
TRANSFER
BY
CONVECTION
(HEAT
TRANSFER
COEFFICIENTS)
70
3.2.1.3
BOILING
HEAT
TRANSFER
80
3.2.1.4
HEAT
TRANSFER
BY
RADIATION
81
3.2.1.5
TRANSIENT
HEAT
TRANSFER
BY
CONDUCTION
AND
CONVECTION
82
3.2.2
MASS
TRANSPORT
86
3.2.2.1
FORCED
FLOW
IN
EMPTY
TUBES
AND
HYDRODYNAMIC
ENTRANCE
REGION
86
3.2.2.2
STEADY-STATE
AND
TRANSIENT
DIFFUSIVE
MASS
TRANSFER
87
3.2.2.3
DIFFUSION
IN
POROUS
SOLIDS
89
3.3
THERMAL
UNIT
OPERATIONS
93
3.3.1
HEAT
EXCHANGERS
(RECUPERATORS
AND
REGENERATORS)
94
3.3.2
DISTILLATION
99
3.3.2.1
DISTILLATION
PRINCIPLES
100
3.3.2.2
DESIGN
OF
DISTILLATION
COLUMNS
(IDEAL
MIXTURES)
104
3.3.2.3
AZEOTROPIC
,
EXTRACTIVE
,
AND
PRESSURE
SWING
DISTILLATION
108
3.3.2.4
REACTIVE
DISTILLATION
110
3.3.3
ABSORPTION
(GAS
SCRUBBING)
110
3.3.3.1
ABSORPTION
PRINCIPLES
110
3.3.3.2
DESIGN
OF
ABSORPTION
COLUMNS
116
3.3.4
LIQUID-LIQUID
EXTRACTION
118
3.3.4.1
EXTRACTION
PRINCIPLES
118
3.3.4.2
DESIGN
OF
EXTRACTION
PROCESSES
120
3.3.5
ADSORPTION
122
3.3.5.1
ADSORPTION
EQUILIBRIUM
AND
ADSORPTION
ISOTHERMS
122
3.3.5.2
ADSORPTION
KINETICS
(SINGLE
PARTICLE)
129
3.3.5.3
DESIGN
OF
ADSORPTION
PROCESSES
131
3.3.6
FLUID-SOLID
EXTRACTION
136
3.3.6.1
PRINCIPLES
OF
FLUID-SOLID
EXTRACTION
136
3.3.6.2
DESIGN
OF
FLUID-SOLID
EXTRACTIONS
138
3.3.7
CRYSTALLIZATION
139
3.3.7.1
IDEAL
BINARY
EUTECTIC
PHASE
SYSTEM
139
3.3.7.2
IDEAL
BINARY
PHASE
SYSTEM
WITH
BOTH
SOLIDS
COMPLETELY
SOLUBLE
IN
ONE
ANOTHER
140
3.3.8
SEPARATION
BY
MEMBRANES
141
3.3.8.1
PRINCIPLES
OF
MEMBRANE
SEPARATION
141
3.3.8.2
APPLICATIONS
OF
MEMBRANE
SEPARATION
PROCESSES
144
3.4
MECHANICAL
UNIT
OPERATIONS
149
3.4.1
CONVEYANCE
OF
FLUIDS
149
3.4.1.1
PRESSURE
LOSS
IN
EMPTY
TUBES
149
3.4.1.2
PRESSURE
LOSS
IN
FIXED,
FLUIDIZED,
AND
ENTRAINED
BEDS
154
3.4.1.3
COMPRESSORS
AND
PUMPS
157
3.4.2
CONTACTING
AND
MIXING
OF
FLUIDS
159
3.4.3
CRUSHING
AND
SCREENING
OF
SOLIDS
160
3.4.3.1
PARTICLE
SIZE
REDUCTION
160
3.4.3.2
PARTICLE
SIZE
ANALYSIS
160
3.4.3.3
SCREENING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
OF
PARTICLES
(SIZE
SEPARATION)
164
3.4.3.4
SOLID-SOLID
SEPARATION
(SORTING
OF
DIFFERENT
SOLIDS)
164
3.4.4
SEPARATION
OF
SOLIDS
FROM
FLUIDS
164
3.4.4.1
FILTRATION
164
3.4.4.2
SEPARATION
OF
SOLIDS
FROM
FLUIDS
BY
SEDIMENTATION
165
3.4.4.3
SCREENING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
OF
PARTICLES
(SIZE
SEPARATION)
167
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.3
4.3.1
43.1.1
43.1.2
43.1.3
4.3.2
43.2.1
43.2.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.2.1
43.2.2
4.5.3
43.3.1
43.3.2
4.5.4
43.4.1
43.4.2
4.5.5
433.1
433.2
4.5.6
43.6.1
43.6.2
43.6.3
43.6.4
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
CHEMICAL
REACTION
ENGINEERING
171
MAIN
ASPECTS
AND
BASIC
DEFINITIONS
OF
CHEMICAL
REACTION
ENGINEERING
171
DESIGN
ASPECTS
AND
SCALE-UP
DIMENSIONS
OF
CHEMICAL
REACTORS
172
SPEED
OF
CHEMICAL
AND
BIOCHEMICAL
REACTIONS
172
INFLUENCE
OF
REACTOR
TYPE
ON
PRODUCTIVITY
174
TERMS USED
TO
CHARACTERIZE
THE
COMPOSITION
OF
A
REACTION
MIXTURE
174
TERMS USED
TO
QUANTIFY
THE
RESULT
OF
A
CHEMICAL
CONVERSION
175
REACTION
TIME
AND
RESIDENCE
TIME
175
SPACE
VELOCITY
AND
SPACE-TIME
YIELD
176
CHEMICAL
THERMODYNAMICS
177
INTRODUCTION
AND
PERFECT
GAS
EQUILIBRIA
177
REAL
GAS
EQUILIBRIA
184
EQUILIBRIUM
OF
LIQUID-LIQUID
REACTIONS
186
EQUILIBRIUM
OF
GAS-SOLID
REACTIONS
188
CALCULATION
OF
SIMULTANEOUS
EQUILIBRIA
190
KINETICS
OF
HOMOGENEOUS
REACTIONS
192
RATE
EQUATION:
INFLUENCE
OF
TEMPERATURE
AND
REACTION
ORDER
192
FIRST
-
ORDER
REACTION
195
REACTION
OF
NTH
ORDER
196
SECOND
-
ORDER
REACTION
196
PARALLEL
REACTIONS
AND
REACTIONS
IN
SERIES
197
TWO
PARALLEL
FIRST
-
ORDER
REACTIONS
197
TWO
FIRST
-
ORDER
REACTIONS
IN
SERIES
197
REVERSIBLE
REACTIONS
200
REACTIONS
WITH
VARYING
VOLUME
(FOR
THE
EXAMPLE
OF
A
BATCH
REACTOR)
203
KINETICS
OF
FLUID-FLUID
REACTIONS
204
MASS
TRANSFER
AT
A
GAS-LIQUID
INTERFACE
(TWO-FILM
THEORY)
205
MASS
TRANSFER
WITH
(SLOW)
HOMOGENEOUS
REACTION
IN
THE
BULK
PHASE
207
MASS
TRANSFER
WITH
FAST
OR
INSTANTANEOUS
REACTION
NEAR OR
AT
THE
INTERFACE
208
KINETICS
OF
HETEROGENEOUSLY
CATALYZED
REACTIONS
213
SPECTRUM
OF
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
THE
RATE
OF
HETEROGENEOUSLY
CATALYZED
REACTIONS
213
CHEMICAL
REACTION
RATE:
SURFACE
KINETICS
217
SORPTION
ON
THE
SURFACE
OF
SOLID
CATALYSTS
217
RATE
EQUATIONS
FOR
HETEROGENEOUSLY
CATALYZED
SURFACE
REACTIONS
217
REACTION
ON
A
SOLID
CATALYST
AND
INTERFACIAL
TRANSPORT
OF
MASS
AND
HEAT
222
INTERACTION
OF
EXTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
AND
CHEMICAL
REACTION
222
COMBINED
INFLUENCE
OF
EXTERNAL
MASS
AND
HEAT
TRANSFER
ON
THE
EFFECTIVE
RATE
225
CHEMICAL
REACTION
AND
INTERNAL
TRANSPORT
OF
MASS
AND
HEAT
232
PORE
DIFFUSION
RESISTANCE
AND
EFFECTIVE
REACTION
RATE
232
COMBINED
INFLUENCE
OF
PORE
DIFFUSION
AND
INTRAPARTICLE
HEAT
TRANSPORT
238
SIMULTANEOUS
OCCURRENCE
OF
INTERFACIAL
AND
INTERNAL
MASS
TRANSPORT
EFFECTS
240
IRREVERSIBLE
FIRST-ORDER
REACTION
240
REVERSIBLE
FIRST-ORDER
REACTION
WITH
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
EXTERNAL
AND
INTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
242
INFLUENCE
OF
EXTERNAL
AND
INTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
ON
SELECTIVITY
245
INFLUENCE
OF
EXTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
ON
THE
SELECTIVITY
OF
REACTIONS
IN
SERIES
245
INFLUENCE
OF
EXTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
ON
THE
SELECTIVITY
OF
PARALLEL
REACTIONS
247
INFLUENCE
OF
PORE
DIFFUSION
ON
THE
SELECTIVITY
OF
REACTIONS
IN
SERIES
248
INFLUENCE
OF
PORE
DIFFUSION
ON
THE
SELECTIVITY
OF
PARALLEL
REACTIONS
251
KINETICS
OF
GAS-SOLID
REACTIONS
253
SPECTRUM
OF
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
THE
RATE
OF
GAS-SOLID
REACTIONS
254
REACTION
OF
A
GAS
WITH
A
NONPOROUS
SOLID
255
X
CONTENTS
4.6.2A
4.6.2.2
4.6.2.3
4.6.3
4.6.3.1
4.63.2
4.63.3
4.63.4
4.63.5
SURVEY
OF
BORDER
CASES
AND
MODELS
FOR
A
REACTION
OF
A
GAS
WITH
A
NONPOROUS
SOLID
255
SHRINKING
NONPOROUS
UNREACTED
CORE
AND
SOLID
PRODUCT
LAYER
255
SHRINKING
NONPOROUS
UNREACTED
CORE
AND
GASEOUS
PRODUCES)
257
REACTION
OF
A
GAS
WITH
A
POROUS
SOLID
260
SURVEY
OF
BORDER
CASES
AND
MODELS
FOR
A
REACTION
OF
A
GAS
WITH
A
POROUS
SOLID
260
BASIC
EQUATIONS
FOR
THE
CONVERSION
OF
A
POROUS
SOLID
WITH
A
GASEOUS
REACTANT
261
GENERAL
CLOSED
SOLUTION
BY
COMBINED
MODEL
(APPROXIMATION)
261
HOMOGENEOUS
UNIFORM
CONVERSION
MODEL
(NO
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENTS)
263
SHRINKING
UNREACTED
CORE
MODEL
(RATE
DETERMINED
BY
DIFFUSION
THROUGH
PRODUCT
LAYER)
263
4.7
CRITERIA
USED
TO
EXCLUDE
INTERPHASE
AND
INTRAPARTICLE MASS
AND
HEAT
TRANSPORT
LIMITATIONS
IN
GAS-SOLID
REACTIONS
AND
HETEROGENEOUSLY
CATALYZED
REACTIONS
265
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
EXTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
THROUGH
BOUNDARY
LAYER
265
EXTERNAL
HEAT
TRANSFER
266
INTERNAL
MASS
TRANSFER
266
INTERNAL
HEAT
TRANSFER
266
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
KINETICS
OF
HOMOGENEOUSLY
OR
ENZYME-CATALYZED
REACTIONS
269
HOMOGENEOUS
AND
ENZYME
CATALYSIS
IN
A
SINGLE-PHASE
SYSTEM
269
HOMOGENEOUS
TWO-PHASE
CATALYSIS
271
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
KINETICS
OF
GAS-LIQUID
REACTIONS
ON
SOLID
CATALYSTS
273
INTRODUCTION
273
HIGH
CONCENTRATION
OF
LIQUID
REACTANT
B
(OR
PURE
B)
AND
SLIGHTLY
SOLUBLE
GAS
275
LOW
CONCENTRATION
OF
LIQUID
REACTANT
B
AND
HIGHLY
SOLUBLE
GAS
AND/OR
HIGH
PRESSURE
275
4.10
4.10.1
4.10.1.1
4.10.1.2
4.10.1.3
4.10.2
4.10.2.1
4.10.2.2
4.10.2.3
4.10.2.4
4.10.2.5
4.10.2.6
4.10.2.7
4.10.3
4.10.3.1
4.10.3.2
4.10.3.3
4.10.3.4
4.10.4
4.10.4.1
4.10.4.2
4.10.5
4.10.5.1
4.10.5.2
4.10.6
4.10.6.1
4.10.6.2
4.10.6.3
4.10.6.4
4.10.6.5
4.10.7
4.10.7.1
CHEMICAL
REACTORS
276
OVERVIEW
OF
REACTOR
TYPES
AND
THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS
277
BRIEF
OUTLINE
OF
IDEAL
AND
REAL
REACTORS
277
CLASSIFICATION
OF
REAL
REACTORS
BASED
ON
THE
MODE
OF
OPERATION
278
CLASSIFICATION
OF
REAL
REACTORS
ACCORDING
TO
THE
PHASES
279
IDEAL
ISOTHERMAL
REACTORS
284
WELL-MIXED
(DISCONTINUOUS)
ISOTHERMAL
BATCH
REACTOR
285
CONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED
ISOTHERMAL
IDEAL
TANK
REACTOR
286
CONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED
ISOTHERMAL
IDEAL
TUBULAR
REACTOR
286
CONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED
ISOTHERMAL
TUBULAR
REACTOR
WITH
LAMINAR
FLOW
287
CONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED
ISOTHERMAL
CASCADE
OF
TANK
REACTORS
290
IDEAL
ISOTHERMAL
TUBULAR
RECYCLE
REACTOR
290
COMPARISON
OF
THE
PERFORMANCE
OF
IDEAL
ISOTHERMAL
REACTORS
291
NON-ISOTHERMAL
IDEAL
REACTORS
AND
CRITERIA
FOR
PREVENTION
OF
THERMAL
RUNAWAY
294
WELL-MIXED
(DISCONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED)
NON-ISOTHERMAL
BATCH
REACTOR
295
CONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED
NON-ISOTHERMAL
IDEAL
TANK
REACTOR
(
CSTR)
299
CONTINUOUSLY
OPERATED
NON-ISOTHERMAL
IDEAL
TUBULAR
REACTOR
303
OPTIMUM
OPERATING
LINES
OF
CONTINUOUS
IDEAL
NON-ISOTHERMAL
REACTORS
306
NON-IDEAL
FLOW
AND
RESIDENCE
TIME
DISTRIBUTION
310
PULSE
EXPERIMENT
310
STEP
EXPERIMENT
311
TANKS-IN-SERIES
MODEL
313
RESIDENCE
TIME
DISTRIBUTION
OF
A
CASCADE
OF
IDEAL
STIRRED
TANK
REACTORS
313
CALCULATION
OF
CONVERSION
BY
THE
TANKS-IN-SERIES
MODEL
315
DISPERSION
MODEL
315
AXIAL
DISPERSION
AND
RESIDENCE
TIME
DISTRIBUTION
315
CALCULATION
OF
CONVERSION
BY
THE
DISPERSION
MODEL
319
DISPERSION
AND
CONVERSION
IN
EMPTY
PIPES
321
DISPERSION
OF
MASS
AND
HEAT
IN
FIXED
BED
REACTORS
323
RADIAL
VARIATIONS
IN
BED
STRUCTURE:
WALL
EFFECTS
IN
NARROW
PACKED
BEDS
324
MODELING
OF
FIXED
BED
REACTORS
325
FUNDAMENTAL
BALANCE
EQUATIONS
OF
FIXED
BED
REACTORS
325
4.10.7.2
CRITERIA
USED
TO
EXCLUDE
A
SIGNIFICANT
INFLUENCE
OF
DISPERSION
IN
FIXED
BED
REACTORS
327
4.10.7.3
RADIAL
HEAT
TRANSFER
IN
PACKED
BED
REACTORS
AND
METHODS
TO
ACCOUNT
FOR
THIS
332
4.10.8
NOVEL
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
REACTOR
TECHNOLOGY
336
4.10.8.1
HYBRID
(MULTIFUNCTIONAL)
REACTORS
33
7
4.10.8.2
MONOLITHIC
REACTORS
338
4.10.8.3
MICROREACTORS
339
4.10.8.4
ADIABATIC
REACTORS
WITH
PERIODIC
FLOW
REVERSAL
342
4.11
MEASUREMENT
AND
EVALUATION
OF
KINETIC DATA
344
4.11.1
PRINCIPAL
METHODS
FOR
DETERMINING
KINETIC
DATA
345
4.11.1.1
MICROKINETICS
345
4.11.1.2
MACROKINETICS
345
4.11.1.3
LABORATORY
REACTORS
345
4.11.1.4
PROS
AND
CONS
OF
INTEGRAL
AND
DIFFERENTIAL
METHOD
347
4.11.2
EVALUATION
OF
KINETIC
DATA
(REACTION
ORDERS,
RATE
CONSTANTS)
347
4.11.3
LABORATORY-SCALE
REACTORS
FOR
KINETIC
MEASUREMENTS
350
4.11.4
TRANSPORT
LIMITATIONS
IN
EXPERIMENTAL
CATALYTIC
REACTORS
351
4.11.4.1
IDEAL
PLUG
FLOW
BEHAVIOR:
CRITERIA
TO
EXCLUDE
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
DISPERSION
352
4.11.4.2
GRADIENTLESS
IDEAL
PARTICLE
BEHAVIOR:
CRITERIA
TO
EXCLUDE
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
INTERFACIAL
AND
INTERNAL
TRANSPORT
OF
MASS
AND
HEAT
354
4.11.4.3
CRITERION
TO
EXCLUDE
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
DILUTION
OF
A
CATALYTIC
FIXED
BED
355
4.11.5
CASE
STUDIES
FOR
THE
EVALUATION
OF
KINETIC
DATA
356
4.11.5.1
CASE
STUDY
I:
THERMAL
CONVERSION
OF
NAPHTHALENE
356
4.11.5.2
CASE
STUDY
II:
HETEROGENEOUSLY
CATALYZED
HYDROGENATION
OF
HEXENE
358
4.11.5.3
CASE
STUDY
III
:
HETEROGENEOUSLY
CATALYZED
MULTIPHASE
REACTION
360
4.11.5.4
CASE
STUDY
IV:
NON-ISOTHERMAL
OXIDATION
OF
CARBON
NANOTUBES
AND
FIBERS
363
5
RAW
MATERIALS,
PRODUCTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS,
AND
COSTS
OF
CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGY
371
5.1
RAW
MATERIALS
OF
INDUSTRIAL
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
AND
ENERGY
SOURCES
372
5.1.1
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION,
RESERVES,
AND
RESOURCES
OF
FOSSIL
FUELS
AND
RENEWABLES
373
5.1.1.1
GLOBAL
AND
REGIONAL
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
AND
FUEL
SHARES
3
73
5.1.1.2
WORLD
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
AND
WORLD
POPULATION
380
5.1.1.3
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL
ASPECTS
OF
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
380
5.1.1.4
CONVENTIONAL
AND
NON-CONVENTIONAL
FOSSIL
FUELS
387
5.1.1.5
NUCLEAR
POWER
389
5.1.1.6
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
390
5.1.1.7
ENERGY
MIX
OF
THE
FUTURE
392
5.1.1.8
GLOBAL
WARMING
395
5.1.1.9
ECOLOGICAL
FOOTPRINT
AND
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
399
5.1.1.10
ENERGY
DEMAND
AND
ENERGY
MIX
TO
RECONCILE
THE
WORLD S
PURSUIT
OF
WELFARE
AND
HAPPINESS
WITH
THE
NECESSITY
TO
PRESERVE
THE
INTEGRITY
OF
THE
BIOSPHERE
401
5.1.2
COMPOSITION
OF
FOSSIL
FUELS
AND
ROUTES
FOR
THE PRODUCTION
OF
SYNTHETIC
FUELS
403
5.1.3
NATURAL
GAS
AND
OTHER
TECHNICAL
GASES
403
5.1.3.1
PROPERTIES
OF
NATURAL
GAS
AND
OTHER
TECHNICAL
GASES
403
5.1.3.2
CONDITIONING
OF
NATURAL
GAS
,
PROCESSES
,
AND
PRODUCTS
BASED
ON
NATURAL
GAS
406
5.1.4
CRUDE
OIL
AND
REFINERY
PRODUCTS
410
5.1.4.1
PRODUCTION,
RESERVES,
AND
PRICE
OF
CRUDE
OIL
410
5.1.4.2
PROPERTIES
OF
CRUDE
OIL
412
5.1.4.3
PROPERTIES
OF
MAJOR
REFINERY
PRODUCTS
414
5.1.4.4
REFINERY
PROCESSES
415
5.1.5
COAL
AND
COAL
PRODUCTS
418
5.1.5.1
PROPERTIES
OF
COAL
AND
OTHER
SOLID
FUELS
418
5.1.5.2
PROCESSES
AND
PRODUCTS
BASED
ON
COAL
420
5.1.6
RENEWABLE
RAW
MATERIALS
422
5.1.6.1
BASE
CHEMICALS
FROM
RENEWABLE
RAW
MATERIALS
422
XII
CONTENTS
5.1.6.2
FATS
AND
VEGETABLE
OILS
423
5.1.6.3
CARBOHYDRATES
426
5.1.6.4
EXTRACTS
AND
EXCRETA
FROM
PLANTS
428
5.1.7
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
IN
HUMAN
HISTORY
429
5.1.7.1
TIME
TRAVEL
NO,
1:
GLOBAL
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
FROM
10000
BCE
UNTIL
2010
429
5.1.7.2
TIME
TRAVEL
NO.
2:
FROM
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
TO
MODERN
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
429
5.1.7.3
TIME
TRAVEL
NO.
3:
BUILDING
OF
KHUFU S
GIANT
PYRAMID
IN
ANCIENT
EGYPT
433
5.1.8
POWER-TO-X
AND
HYDROGEN
STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES
434
5.1.8.1
HYDROGEN:
COMPRESSED
AND
CRYOGENIC
436
5.1.8.2
CHEMICAL
HYDROGEN
STORAGE:
GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
IN
GASEOUS
COMPOUNDS
440
5.1.8.3
CHEMICAL
HYDROGEN
STORAGE
IN
GASEOUS
COMPOUNDS
440
5.1.8.4
CHEMICAL
HYDROGEN
STORAGE
IN
LIQUID
COMPOUNDS
441
5.2
INORGANIC
PRODUCTS
AND
RAW
MATERIALS
448
5.2.1
NONMETALLIC
INORGANIC
MATERIALS
448
5.2.2
METALS
453
5.3
ORGANIC
INTERMEDIATES
AND
FINAL
PRODUCTS
469
5.3.1
ALKANES
AND
SYNGAS
469
5.3.2
ALKENES,
ALKYNES,
AND
AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
472
5.3.3
ORGANIC
INTERMEDIATES
FUNCTIONALIZED
WITH
OXYGEN,
NITROGEN,
OR
HALOGENS
479
5.3.3.1
ALCOHOLS
481
5.3.3.2
ETHERS
484
5.3.3.3
EPOXIDES
484
5.3.3.4
ALDEHYDES
485
5.3.3.5
KETONES
487
5.3.3.6
ACIDS
488
5.3.3.7
AMINES
AND
NITROGEN-CONTAINING
INTERMEDIATES
490
5.3.3.8
LACTAMS,
NITRILES,
AND
ISOCYANATES
491
5.3.3.9
HALOGENATED
ORGANIC
INTERMEDIATES
493
5.3.4
POLYMERS
495
5.3.4.1
POLYOLEFINS
AND
POLY
DIENES
496
5.3.4.2
VINYL
POLYMERS
AND
POLYACRYLATES
497
5.3.4.3
POLYESTERS,
POLYAMIDES,
AND
POLYURETHANES
501
5.3.5
DETERGENTS
AND
SURFACTANTS
503
5.3.5.1
STRUCTURE
AND
PROPERTIES
OF
DETERGENT
AND
SURFACTANTS
503
5.3.5.2
CATIONIC
DETERGENTS
504
5.3.5.3
ANIONIC
DETERGENTS
504
5.3.5.4
NONIONIC
DETERGENTS 505
5.3.6
FINE
CHEMICALS
507
5.3.6.1
DYES
AND
COLORANTS
508
5.3.6.2
ADHESIVES
508
5.3.6.3
FRAGRANCE
AND
FLAVOR CHEMICALS
508
5.3.6.4
PESTICIDES
508
5.3.6.5
VITAMINS,
FOOD,
AND
ANIMAL
FEED
ADDITIVES
510
5.3.6.6
PHARMACEUTICALS
510
5.4
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
OF
CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGY
512
5.4.1
AIR
POLLUTION
512
5.4.2
WATER
CONSUMPTION
AND
WATER
FOOTPRINT
515
5.4.2.1
WATER
SOURCES
AND
WATER
CONSUMPTION
515
5.4.2.2
WATER
FOOTPRINT
AND
WATER
AVAILABILITY
517
5.4.3
PLASTIC
PRODUCTION,
POLLUTION,
AND
RECYCLING
OF
PLASTIC
WASTE
523
5.4.3.1
GLOBAL
SITUATION
523
5.4.3.2
PLASTIC
PRODUCTION
AND
RECYCLING
OF
PLASTIC
WASTE
IN
EUROPE
526
5.4.4
*
GREEN
CHEMISTRY
*
AND
QUANTIFYING
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
OF
CHEMICAL
PROCESSES
527
5.5
PRODUCTION
COSTS
OF
FUELS AND
CHEMICALS
MANUFACTURING
530
5.5.1
PRICE
OF
CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS
530
5.5.2
INVESTMENT
COSTS
530
5.5.3
VARIABLE
COSTS
532
5.5.4
OPERATING
COSTS
(FIXED
AND
VARIABLE
COSTS)
533
6
EXAMPLES
OF
INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES
537
6.1
AMMONIA
SYNTHESIS
537
6.1.1
HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT
OF
HABER-BOSCH
PROCESS
537
6.1.2
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
AMMONIA
SYNTHESIS 539
6.1.3
KINETICS
AND
MECHANISM
OF
AMMONIA
SYNTHESIS
540
6.1.4
TECHNICAL
AMMONIA
PROCESS
AND
SYNTHESIS
REACTORS
542
6.2
SYNGAS
AND
HYDROGEN
547
6.2.1
OPTIONS
TO
PRODUCE
SYNGAS
AND
HYDROGEN
(OVERVIEW)
547
6.2.2
SYNGAS
FROM
SOLID
FUELS
(COAL,
BIOMASS)
551
6.2.2.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
AND
REACTIONS
OF
SYNGAS
PRODUCTION
FROM
SOLID
FUELS
551
6.2.2.2
SYNGAS
PRODUCTION
BY
GASIFICATION
OF
SOLID
FUELS
552
6.2.2.3
CASE
STUDY:
SYNGAS
AND
HYDROGEN
BY
GASIFICATION
OF
BIOMASS
553
6.2.3
SYNGAS
BY
PARTIAL
OXIDATION
OF
HEAVY
OILS
560
6.2.4
SYNGAS
BY
STEAM
REFORMING
OF
NATURAL
GAS
562
6.3
SULFURIC
ACID
565
6.3.1
REACTIONS
AND
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
SULFURIC
ACID
PRODUCTION
565
6.3.2
PRODUCTION
OF
SO
2
566
6.3.3
SO
2
CONVERSION
INTO
SO
3
567
6.3.4
SULFURIC
ACID
PROCESS
572
6.4
NITRIC
ACID
573
6.4.1
REACTIONS
AND
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
NITRIC
ACID
PRODUCTION
574
6.4.2
KINETICS
OF
CATALYTIC
OXIDATION
OF
AMMONIA
576
64.2.1
CATALYTIC
OXIDATION
OF
AMMONIA
ON
A
SINGLE
PT
WIRE
FOR
CROSS-FLOW
OF
THE
GAS
577
6.4.2.2
CATALYTIC
OXIDATION
OF
AMMONIA
IN
AN
INDUSTRIAL
REACTOR,
THAT
IS,
ON
A
SERIES
OF
PT
GAUZES
5S3
6.4.3
NO
OXIDATION
587
6.4.4
NITRIC
ACID
PROCESSES
588
6.5
COKE AND
STEEL
591
6.5.1
STEEL
PRODUCTION
(OVERVIEW)
591
6.5.1.1
STEEL
PRODUCTION
BASED
ON
THE
BLAST
FURNACE
ROUTE
592
6.5.1.2
STEEL
PRODUCTION
BASED
ON
SCRAP
AND
DIRECT
REDUCED
IRON
(DRI)
593
6.5.2
PRODUCTION
OF
BLAST
FURNACE
COKE
593
6.5.2.1
INSPECTION
OF
TRANSIENT
PROCESS
OF
COKING
OF
COAL
596
65.2.2
CASE
I:
NEGLIGIBLE
THERMAL
RESISTANCE
OFCOAL/COKE
CHARGE
596
65.2.3
CASE
II:
NEGLIGIBLE
THERMAL
RESISTANCE
OF
HEATED
BRICK
WALL
598
65.2.4
CASE
III:
THERMAL
RESISTANCES
OF
BRICK
WALL
AND
COAL
CHARGE
HAVE
TO
BE
CONSIDERED
598
6.5.3
PRODUCTION
OF
PIG
IRON
IN
A
BLAST
FURNACE
599
65.3.1
COKE
CONSUMPTION
OF
A
BLAST
FURNACE:
HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT
AND
THEORETICAL
MINIMUM
603
65.3.2
RESIDENCE
TIME
DISTRIBUTION
OF
A
BLAST
FURNACE
606
6.6
BASIC
CHEMICALS
BY
STEAM
CRACKING
609
6.6.1
GENERAL
AND
MECHANISTIC
ASPECTS
609
6.6.2
FACTORS
THAT
INFLUENCE
THE
PRODUCT
DISTRIBUTION
612
66.2.1
INFLUENCE
OF
APPLIED
FEEDSTOCK
612
66.2.2
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
TEMPERATURE
IN
THE
CRACKING
OVEN
612
6.62.3
INFLUENCE
OF
RESIDENCE
TIME
612
66.2.4
INFLUENCE
OF
HYDROCARBON
PARTIAL
PRESSURE
IN
THE
CRACKING
OVEN
613
XIV
CONTENTS
6.6.3
6.6.4
INDUSTRIAL
STEAM
CRACKER
PROCESS
613
ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
OF
THE
STEAM
CRACKER
PROCESS
617
6.7
6.7.1
6.7.2
LIQUID
FUELS
BY
CRACKING
OF
HEAVY
OILS
618
THERMAL
CRACKING
(DELAYED
COKING)
619
FLUID
CATALYTIC
CRACKING
(FCC
PROCESS)
622
6.8
6.8.1
6.8.2
6.8.3
CLEAN
LIQUID
FUELS
BY
HYDROTREATING
625
HISTORY,
CURRENT
STATUS,
AND
PERSPECTIVE
OF
HYDROTREATING
625
THERMODYNAMICS
AND
KINETICS
OF
HYDRODESULFURIZATION
(HDS)
626
HYDRODESULFURIZATION
PROCESS
AND
REACTION
ENGINEERING
ASPECTS
629
6.9
6.9.1
6.9.2
6.9.3
6.9.4
6.9.4.1
6.9.4.2
HIGH-OCTANE
GASOLINE
BY
CATALYTIC
REFORMING
633
REACTIONS
AND
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
CATALYTIC
REFORMING
633
REFORMING
CATALYST
635
PROCESS
OF
CATALYTIC
REFORMING
635
DEACTIVATION
AND
REGENERATION
OF
A
REFORMING
CATALYST
638
COKE
BURN-OFF
WITHIN
A
SINGLE
CATALYST
PARTICLE
638
REGENERATION
IN
A
TECHNICAL
FIXED
BED
REACTOR
643
6.10
6.10.1
6.10.2
6.10.3
6.10.3.1
6.10.3.2
6.10.3.3
6.10.3.4
6.10.4
6.10.4.1
6.10.4.2
6.10.4.3
REFINERY
ALKYLATION
649
REACTION
AND
REACTION
MECHANISM
OF
REFINERY
ALKYLATION
649
ALKYLATION
FEEDSTOCK
AND
PRODUCTS
651
PROCESS
VARIABLES
651
REACTION
TEMPERATURE
651
ACID
STRENGTH
AND
COMPOSITION
652
ISOBUTANE
CONCENTRATION
652
EFFECT
OF
MIXING
652
COMMERCIAL
ALKYLATION
PROCESSES
652
COMMERCIAL
PROCESSES
USING
HYDROFLUORIC
ACID
AS
LIQUID
CATALYST
653
COMMERCIAL
PROCESSES
USING
SULFURIC
ACID
AS
LIQUID
CATALYST
654
COMPARISON
OF
COMMERCIALLY
APPLIED
ALKYLATION
PROCESSES
656
6.11
6.11.1
6.11.1.1
6.11.1.2
6.11.1.3
6.11.1.4
6.11.1.5
6.11.2
6.11.2.1
6.11.2.2
6.11.2.3
FUELS
AND
CHEMICALS
FROM
SYNGAS:
METHANOL
AND
FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS
657
FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS
658
REACTIONS
AND
MECHANISMS
OF
FISCHER-
TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS
659
INTRINSIC
AND
EFFECTIVE
REACTION
RATE
OF
FISCHER-TROPSCH
SYNTHESIS
662
HISTORY,
CURRENT
STATUS,
AND
PERSPECTIVES
OF
FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS
663
FISCHER-
TROPSCH
PROCESSES
AND
REACTORS
666
MODELING
OF
A
MULTI-TUBULAR
FIXED
BED
FISCHER-
TROPSCH
REACTOR
669
METHANOL
SYNTHESIS
676
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
METHANOL
SYNTHESIS
677
CATALYSTS
FOR
METHANOL
SYNTHESIS
679
PROCESSES
AND
SYNTHESIS
REACTORS
682
6.12
6.12.1
6.12.1.1
6.12.1.2
6.12.1.3
6.12.2
6.12.2.1
6.12.2.2
6.12.2.3
ETHYLENE
AND
PROPYLENE
OXIDE
685
COMMERCIAL
PRODUCTION
OF
ETHYLENE
OXIDE
685
CHLOROHYDRIN
PROCESS
685
DIRECT
OXIDATION
OF
ETHYLENE
686
PRODUCTS
MADE
OF
ETHYLENE
OXIDE
688
COMMERCIAL
PRODUCTION
OF
PROPYLENE
OXIDE
689
CHLOROHYDRIN
PROCESS
689
INDIRECT
OXIDATION
OF
PROPYLENE
690
PRODUCTS
MADE
OF
PROPYLENE
OXIDE
692
6.13
6.13.1
6.13.2
CATALYTIC
OXIDATION
OF
O-XYLENE
TO
PHTHALIC
ACID
ANHYDRIDE
694
PRODUCTION
AND
USE
OF
PHTHALIC
ANHYDRIDE
(OVERVIEW)
694
DESIGN
AND
SIMULATION
OF
A
MULTI-TUBULAR
REACTOR
FOR
OXIDATION
OF
O-XYLENE
TO
PA
695
6.14
HYDROFORMYLATION
(OXOSYNTHESIS)
701
6.14.1
INDUSTRIAL
RELEVANCE
OF
HYDROFORMYLATION
701
6.14.2
HYDROFORMYLATION
CATALYSIS
703
6.14.3
CURRENT
HYDROFORMYLATION
CATALYST
AND
PROCESS
TECHNOLOGIES
706
6.14.4
ADVANCED
CATALYST
IMMOBILIZATION
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
HYDROFORMYLATION
CATALYSIS
714
6.14.4.1
IMMOBILIZATION
OF
HOMOGENEOUS
HYDROFORMYLATION
CATALYSTS
ON
SOLID
SURFACES
BY
COVALENT
ANCHORING
714
6.14.4.2
CATALYST
SEPARATION
BY
SIZE
EXCLUSION
MEMBRANES
715
6.14.4.3
CATALYST
IMMOBILIZATION
IN
LIQUID-LIQUID
BIPHASIC
REACTION
SYSTEMS
USING
FLUOROUS
PHASES:
SUPERCRITICAL
CO
2
OR
IONIC
LIQUIDS
715
6.14.4.4
SUPPORTED
LIQUID
HYDROFORMYLATION
CATALYSIS
718
6.15
ACETIC
ACID
721
6.15.1
ACETIC
ACID
SYNTHESIS
VIA
ACETALDEHYDE
OXIDATION
722
6.15.2
ACETIC
ACID
SYNTHESIS
VIA
BUTANE
OR
NAPHTHA
OXIDATION
723
6.15.3
ACETIC
ACID
SYNTHESIS
VIA
METHANOL
CARBONYLATION
724
6.15.3.1
BASF
HIGH-PRESSURE
PROCESS
724
6.15.3.2
MONSANTO
LOW-PRESSURE
PROCESS
725
6.15.3.3
CATIVA
PROCESS
727
6.15.4
OTHER
TECHNOLOGIES
FOR
THE
COMMERCIAL
PRODUCTION
OF
ACETIC
ACID
728
6.15.4.1
DIRECT
ETHYLENE
OXIDATION
728
6.15.4.2
ACETIC
ACID
PRODUCTION
BY
ETHANE
AND
METHANE
OXIDATION
728
6.16
ETHYLENE
OLIGOMERIZATION
PROCESSES
FOR
LINEAR
1
-ALKENE
PRODUCTION
729
6.16.1
INDUSTRIAL
RELEVANCE
OF
1
-OLEFINS
729
6.16.2
ALUMINUM-ALKYL-BASED
*
AUFBAUREAKTION
*
(GROWTH
REACTION)
730
6.16.3
NICKEL-CATALYZED
OLIGOMERIZATION:
SHELL
HIGHER
OLEFIN
PROCESS
(SHOP)
733
6.16.4
METALLACYCLE
MECHANISM
FOR
SELECTIVE
ETHYLENE
OLIGOMERIZATION
735
6.17
PRODUCTION
OF
FINE
CHEMICALS
(EXAMPLE
MENTHOL)
740
6.17.1
MENTHOL
AND
MENTHOL
PRODUCTION
(OVERVIEW)
740
6.17.2
THERMODYNAMICS
AND
KINETICS
OF
EPIMERIZATION
OF
MENTHOL
ISOMERS
741
6.17.3
INFLUENCE
OF
MASS
TRANSFER
ON
THE
EPIMERIZATION
OF
MENTHOL
ISOMERS
744
6.17.4
EPIMERIZATION
OF
MENTHOL
ISOMERS IN
TECHNICAL
REACTORS
748
6.18
TREATMENT
OF
EXHAUST
GASES
FROM MOBILE
AND
STATIONARY
SOURCES
750
6.18.1
AUTOMOTIVE
EMISSION
CONTROL
750
6.18.1.1
EMISSION
STANDARDS
AND
PRIMARY
MEASURES
FOR
REDUCTION
OF
ENGINE
EMISSIONS
750
6.18.1.2
CATALYTIC
CONVERTERS
FOR
REDUCTION
OF
CAR
ENGINE
EMISSIONS
752
6.18.2
SELECTIVE
CATALYTIC
REDUCTION
(SCR)
OF
NO§
FROM
FLUE
GAS
FROM
POWER
PLANTS
756
6.18.2.1
TREATMENT
OF
FLUE
GAS
FROM
POWER
PLANTS
(
OVERVIEW)
756
6.18.2.2
FORMATION
OF
NITROGEN
OXIDES
DURING
FUEL
COMBUSTION
IN
POWER
PLANTS
757
6.18.2.3
CATALYSTS
AND
REACTORS
FOR
SELECTIVE
CATALYTIC
REDUCTION
OFNO
X
757
6.18.2.4
REACTION
CHEMISTRY
OF
SELECTIVE
CATALYTIC
REDUCTION
OFNO
X
758
6.18.2.5
REACTION
KINETICS
AND
DESIGN
OF
SCR
REACTOR
759
6.19
INDUSTRIAL
ELECTROLYSIS
763
6.19.1
ELECTROCHEMICAL
KINETICS
AND
THERMODYNAMICS
763
6.19.1.1
FARADAY S
LAW
AND
CURRENT
EFFICIENCY
763
6.19.1.2
ELECTROCHEMICAL
POTENTIALS
764
6.19.1.3
GALVANIC
AND
ELECTROLYSIS
CELLS
,
NERNST
*
S
LAW
765
6.19.1.4
STANDARD
ELECTRODE
POTENTIALS
765
6.19.1.5
ELECTRICAL
WORK
AND
THERMONEUTRAL
ENTHALPY
VOLTAGE
765
6.19.1.6
OVERPOTENTIALS
767
6.19.2
CHLORINE
AND
SODIUM
HYDROXIDE
768
6.19.2.1
APPLICATIONS
OF
CHLORINE
AND
SODIUM
HYDROXIDE
768
6.19.2.2
PROCESSES
OF
CHLOR-ALKALI
ELECTROLYSIS
769
XVI
|
CONTENTS
6.19.2.3
DIAPHRAGM
PROCESS
769
6.19.2.4
MERCURY
CELL
PROCESS
770
6.19.2.5
MEMBRANE
PROCESS
771
6.19.3
ELECTROLYSIS
OF
WATER
773
6.19.4
ELECTROMETALLURGY
(PURIFICATION
OF
METALS
BY
ELECTROREFINING)
778
6.19.4.1
ELECTROLYTIC
REFINING
IN
AQUEOUS
SOLUTION
778
6.19.4.2
FUSED
SALT
ELECTROLYSIS
(PRODUCTION
OF
ALUMINUM)
779
6.20
POLYETHENE
PRODUCTION
782
6.20.1
POLYETHENE
CLASSIFICATION
AND
INDUSTRIAL
USE
782
6.20.2
GENERAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
PE
PRODUCTION
PROCESSES
783
6.20.2.1
EXOTHERMICITY
OF
THE
REACTION
AND
THERMAL
STABILITY
OF
ETHENE
784
6.20.2.2
PURITY
OF
ETHENE
784
6.20.3
REACTION
MECHANISM
AND
PROCESS
EQUIPMENT
FOR
THE
PRODUCTION
OF
LDPE
784
6.20.4
CATALYSTS
FOR
THE
PRODUCTION
OF
HOPE
AND
LLDPE
787
6.20.4.1
ZIEGLER
CATALYST
SYSTEMS
787
6.20.4.2
PHILLIPS
CATALYST
SYSTEMS
788
6.20.4.3
SINGLE-SITE
METALLOCENE
CATALYST
SYSTEMS
788
6.20.5
PRODUCTION
PROCESSES
FOR
HDPE
AND
LLDPE
789
6.20.6
PE
PRODUCTION
ECONOMICS
AND
MODERN
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
PE
PRODUCTION
792
6.21
TITANIUM
DIOXIDE
793
6.21.1
PRODUCTION AND
USE
OF
TITANIUM
DIOXIDE
(OVERVIEW)
793
6.21.2
SULFATE
PROCESS
FOR
PRODUCTION
OF
TITANIUM
DIOXIDE
793
6.21.3
CHLORIDE
PROCESS
FOR
PRODUCTION
OF
TITANIUM
DIOXIDE
795
6.22
SILICON
796
6.22.1
PRODUCTION
AND
USE
OF
SILICON
(OVERVIEW)
796
6.22.2
CARBOTHERMIC
REDUCTION
OF
SILICA
797
6.22.3
REFINING,
CASTING,
AND
CRUSHING
OF
METALLURGICAL
GRADE
SILICON
798
6.22.4
ECONOMICS
OF
THE
METALLURGICAL
GRADE
SILICON
PRODUCTION
798
6.22.5
PRODUCTION
OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC
GRADE
SILICON
BY
PURIFICATION
OF
METALLURGICAL
GRADE
SILICON
798
6.22.5.1
PRODUCTION
OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC
GRADE
SILICON
BY
THE
SIEMENS
PROCESS
798
6.22.5.2
FLUIDIZED
BED
REACTOR
PROCESS
FOR
PRODUCTION
OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC
GRADE
SILICON
799
6.23
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE
(PTFE)
801
6.23.1
PRODUCTION
AND
USE
OF
PTFE
(OVERVIEW)
801
6.23.2
PROCESS FOR
PRODUCTION
OF
PTFE
802
6.23.3
TREATMENT
OF
PTFE
WASTE
802
6.23.3.1
INCINERATION
AND
DISPOSAL
OF
PTFE
WASTE
804
6.23.3.2
REPROCESSING
OF
PTFE
WASTE
804
6.23.3.3
CHEMICAL
RECYCLING
OF
PTFE
WASTE
805
6.24
PRODUCTION
OF
AMINO
ACIDS
BY
FERMENTATION
807
6.24.1
GENERAL
ASPECTS
807
6.24.2
OVERVIEW
OF
THE
METHODS
APPLIED FOR
INDUSTRIAL
AMINO
ACID
PRODUCTION
807
6.24.2.1
AMINO
ACID
EXTRACTION
FROM
PROTEIN
HYDROLYSATES
807
6.24.2.2
CHEMICAL
SYNTHESIS
808
6.24.2.3
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
PROCESSES
809
6.24.3
AMINO
ACID
FERMENTATION
810
6.24.3.1
BACTERIA
FOR
AMINO
ACID
PRODUCTION
AND
STRAIN
DEVELOPMENT
810
6.24.3.2
SUBSTRATES
811
6.24.3.3
FERMENTATION
PROCESS
811
6.24.3.4
DOWNSTREAM
812
REFERENCES
815
INDEX
841
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Jess, Andreas Wasserscheid, Peter 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1032542233 (DE-588)12089257X |
| author_facet | Jess, Andreas Wasserscheid, Peter 1970- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Jess, Andreas |
| author_variant | a j aj p w pw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046033401 |
| classification_rvk | VN 5010 VN 7000 VN 7001 |
| classification_tum | CIT 300 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1140170793 (DE-599)DNB1182714889 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen |
| edition | Second edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV046033401 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-20T06:44:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16179388-5 |
| isbn | 9783527344215 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031415241 |
| oclc_num | 1140170793 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-B768 DE-703 DE-29T DE-92 DE-1050 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-1102 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-634 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-862 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | DE-B768 DE-703 DE-29T DE-92 DE-1050 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-1102 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-634 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-862 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | xl, 865 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Jess, Andreas Wasserscheid, Peter 1970- Chemical technology from principles to products Technische Chemie (DE-588)4078178-1 gnd Chemische Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4069941-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078178-1 (DE-588)4069941-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Chemical technology from principles to products |
| title_auth | Chemical technology from principles to products |
| title_exact_search | Chemical technology from principles to products |
| title_full | Chemical technology from principles to products Andreas Jess and Peter Wasserscheid |
| title_fullStr | Chemical technology from principles to products Andreas Jess and Peter Wasserscheid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical technology from principles to products Andreas Jess and Peter Wasserscheid |
| title_short | Chemical technology |
| title_sort | chemical technology from principles to products |
| title_sub | from principles to products |
| topic | Technische Chemie (DE-588)4078178-1 gnd Chemische Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4069941-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Technische Chemie Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Lehrbuch |
| url | http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-34421-5/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031415241&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jessandreas chemicaltechnologyfromprinciplestoproducts AT wasserscheidpeter chemicaltechnologyfromprinciplestoproducts AT wileyvch chemicaltechnologyfromprinciplestoproducts |
Indexes
THWS Schweinfurt Zentralbibliothek Lesesaal
| Call Number: |
2000 VN 5010 J58(2) |
|---|---|
| Copy 1 | ausleihbar Available Place a Hold |