Prírodný park v Betliari: = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Slovak |
| Published: |
Košice
Východoslovenské vydateľstvo
1982
Košice pre Gemersků vlastivednú spoločnosť v Rimanskej Sobote a Štátny kultúrny majestok v Betliari |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 149 Seiten Illustrationen, 1 Karte, 1 Diagramm |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Prírodný park v Betliari |b = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert |c Martin Kriak |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The nature park in Betliar |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a A Betléri tájkert |
| 264 | 1 | |a Košice |b Východoslovenské vydateľstvo |c 1982 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Košice |b pre Gemersků vlastivednú spoločnosť v Rimanskej Sobote a Štátny kultúrny majestok v Betliari | |
| 300 | |a 149 Seiten |b Illustrationen, 1 Karte, 1 Diagramm | ||
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| 546 | |a Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch, Englisch, Russisch und Ungarisch | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1816699521064763392 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
OBSAH Betliar a jeho príroda 7 Geografická poloha obce 7 Počiatky osídlenia a zamestnanie obyvateľstva 8 Spoločensko-historický vývoj obce 9 Náčrt geologicko-geomorfologických pomerov oblasti 1 Klimatické pomery 12 Vodstvo 14 Pôda 14 Rastlinstvo 15 Živočíšstvo 18 Kaštieľ a park 19 (Stručný historicko-architektonický vývoj kaštieľa) Prvé sadové úpravy pri kaštieli 24 Prvky francúzskych záhrad v betliarskom parku 26 Výstavba prírodno-krajinárskeho parku 28 Drobná záhradná architektúra 29 Územné rozšírenie parku a jeho prestavba 38 Priehľady 41 Umelý vodný systém 46 Cestná sieť v parku 46 Plastiky 48 Dreviny v parku 49 Ihličnaté stromy 50 Listnaté stromy 62 Listnaté kry opadavé 80 Vždy zelené kry 88 Najčastejšie bylinné porasty na území parku 90 Živočíšne spoločenstvá v parku 92 Ochrana prírody v betliarskom parku a jeho okolí 94
Literatura 99 Obrazová príloha 101 Резюме 127 Zusammenfassung 133 Summary 139 Összefoglalás 145 Bayerische Λ Г aaUuíoiiothek ļ t s München J
SUMMARY The nature park in Betliar The community of Betliar (Bethler, Betlér, Betlar Böttleer) with its population of 1300 is located on the southeastern margin of the Slovak Ore Mountains (Slovenske rudohorie) in the valley of the Slaná river. The valley in which the community lies is marked off in the north and the northeast by the main ridge of the Slovak Ore Mountains — the Volovske pohorie (Volovske hills), and in the southwest by tíie Turecká mountain. The surrouding hills consist mostly of the Paleozoic minerals such as the phyllites and the porphyroids. The porphyroids include quartz veins which consist of antimony, pyrite, chalcopyrite, limonite and other utility minerals which have been mined from times immemorial. The valley is divided into two parts by the Betliarsky (also called “Krivý”) potok (i.e. the Betliar, or “Crooked” brook) which springs at the height of 1050 metres. The village is situated at the height of 341 metres above the sea level. The climactic conditions are good, the average January temperatures being —4 to —5 degrees centigrade, the July temperatures 17 to 18 degrees centigrade. The period of vegetation (with the average day temperatures of 5 degrees centigrade and more) lasts 200 to 220 days. The average yearly rain crop is 718,1 mm. The snow cover lasts about 60 to 80 days and it is about 15 to 20 cm deep. The village of Betliar came into existence at the end of the 13th century. Its first inhabitants were miners who later earned for their living also by keeping cattle and agriculture. Standing in the northern end of the village, in a park
built in a nature landscape st le, is a mansion. The mansion was built in the middle of the 15th century. The mansion was originally a one-storey castle with defensive function, and was therefore surrounded by a moat. In the following centuries the mansion underwent many rebuildings, most of them at the time when it belonged to the Andrássy noble family. The originally small mansion expanded according to its changing functions and to the growing economic and political power of its owners. The last rebuilding took place at the end of the 19th century. Each of the rebuildings left its marks on the construction, and it is therefore unique (especially its facade) by its heterogeneity. As the castle changed from a once simple miniature building into a luxurious nobility seat, its environment changed in a likewise fashion. The once simple garden changed into a vast nature park with the area of 81 hectares. The first gardening adaptations took piace as early as the 16th century when the mansion began to be permamently inhabited. By the end of the 18th century the park had spread to 16 hectares. The original farming courtyard was rebuilt into a half-open “cour d’honneur”. West of the mansion was situated a decorative garden. Certain traces in the ground and the preserved sketches of the road network indicate (139)
that the latter was built in the regular baroque style with some possible Renaissance elements. North of the castle was situated a preserve or a pheasantry. The foundations of the nature park in Betliar were laid, by the well-known garden architect Henrich Nebien in the first years of the 19th century (when he was still a young man, before his study trip to England). The foundation consisted of a symmetrical circular road network (probably taken over from an older arrangement) and far-reaching nature landscape adaptations. Other important changes in the park were made by the gardener Jozef Bergmann. Probably most of the miniature empire buildings in the park were built during the period of his activity there: the Great waterfall, the Hermes well, the Free Masons’ pavilion, the Olympian fire, and the Hermitage with the ruins at Корайа. An even greater rebuilding of the park took place in the last quarter of the 19th century — incorporated into the park were many surrounding meadows, and the park attained its present size. The newly attained area was arranged by the gardeners into a park. The symmetrical system of roads was substituted by so called free paths, and the removal of certain regularities in the composition of the flora from the previous period took place. Certain remnants of the regular styles were preserved during the rebuilding of the park into a nature landscape one, or were additionally added to the park structure. For instance the vistas which had the origin in the French gardens, remained an important architectonic element also in the Betliar nature park.
They are oriented to the mountain scene in the background of the park, as well as to the other beautiful nature scenes and to the romantic miniature park buildings. In the northwest vista we can see in a row two fountains out of which water spouts to the height of 8 to 10 metres. In a close proximity of the mansion near the fountain is situated a baroque ornamental drawing from wintergreen, planted at the end of the 19th century and renovated in 1980; in the parterre at the eastern side of the mansion, marked off by the wintergreen hedge, were situated ornamental pictures from varicoloured carpet plants. Even some motives from Chinese and Japanese gardens found their way into the park. Betliarsky potok (the Betliar brook) is crossed by a hat-like bridge next to which stands a tin Chinese pavilion with a graciously modelled cupola roof. According to some sources the Japanese bridge used to be adjoined by a garden built in the Japanese style. An important architectonic element in the park is the vistas with beautiful nature scenes and architectonic objects. Of great importance in the park, also aesthetically, is water. There are several cascades on the Betliar brook, artificial meanders,- artificial branches, ponds and waterfalls. The wooden plants in the Betliar nature park consist mostly of domestic plants. To the original foliate trees were later added spruces, pines, red spruces and ýew-trees. Of the originally foreign and later domesticated plants an important part is played by horse chestnut which is as widespread here as any domestic tree; some horse chestnuts in the
environment of the mansion are estimated to be old as many as 200 years. Of the originally foreign coniferous trees the most widespread is the Weymouth silk pine which fares extremely well in Betliar and some exemplars of which belong to the most impressive trees of its kind in Slovakia. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuiy several more foreign wooden plants were introduced into the park: mariposa lily, magnolia, catalpa, zelkova, ginkgo, the Lawson cypress, the Douglas fir, Canadian tsuga, the Dahore fir and others. Remarkable are also improved domestic trees such as the limetree with cut leaves, overhanging ash-tree, improved kinds of the spruce and of the pear, and others. Every visitor of the Betliar mansion and park is sure to find there many interesting and remarkable things and opportunities for recreation in all-periods of the year. (140) |
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| author | Kriak, Martin |
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| geographic | Betliar (DE-588)1115487140 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Betliar |
| id | DE-604.BV045886618 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T13:01:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031269682 |
| oclc_num | 1102424038 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 149 Seiten Illustrationen, 1 Karte, 1 Diagramm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190717 |
| publishDate | 1982 |
| publishDateSearch | 1982 |
| publishDateSort | 1982 |
| publisher | Východoslovenské vydateľstvo pre Gemersků vlastivednú spoločnosť v Rimanskej Sobote a Štátny kultúrny majestok v Betliari |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kriak, Martin Verfasser aut Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert Martin Kriak Naturpark in Betliar The nature park in Betliar Park v Betljare A Betléri tájkert Košice Východoslovenské vydateľstvo 1982 Košice pre Gemersků vlastivednú spoločnosť v Rimanskej Sobote a Štátny kultúrny majestok v Betliari 149 Seiten Illustrationen, 1 Karte, 1 Diagramm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch, Englisch, Russisch und Ungarisch Schlosspark (DE-588)4140684-9 gnd rswk-swf Betliar (DE-588)1115487140 gnd rswk-swf Betliar (DE-588)1115487140 g Schlosspark (DE-588)4140684-9 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031269682&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031269682&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kriak, Martin Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert Schlosspark (DE-588)4140684-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4140684-9 (DE-588)1115487140 |
| title | Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert |
| title_alt | Naturpark in Betliar The nature park in Betliar Park v Betljare A Betléri tájkert |
| title_auth | Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert |
| title_exact_search | Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert |
| title_full | Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert Martin Kriak |
| title_fullStr | Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert Martin Kriak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prírodný park v Betliari = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert Martin Kriak |
| title_short | Prírodný park v Betliari |
| title_sort | prirodny park v betliari naturpark in betliar the nature park in betliar park v betljare a betleri tajkert |
| title_sub | = Naturpark in Betliar = The nature park in Betliar = Park v Betljare = A Betléri tájkert |
| topic | Schlosspark (DE-588)4140684-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Schlosspark Betliar |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031269682&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031269682&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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