The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria: an archaeological visualization
Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura rem...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford, United Kingdom
Oxford University Press
2019
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. 0A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from0their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture.0Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world |
| Beschreibung: | xxxiii, 347 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten 29 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780198743569 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. 0A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from0their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture.0Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Illustrations xv
List of Table xxix
List of Plates xxxi
List of Abbreviations xxxv
Conventions xxxvii
Site Recording: Area Labelling System xxxix
Terminology for the Site, its Structures, Features, and Areas xli
PART I PERSPECTIVES ON DURA-EUROPOS
1. The Big Picture 3
Introduction and Overview 3
The Significance of Dura-Europos 10
Roman Base and Garrison: Key Aspects of Dura’s Later History 13
2. Project Context: Dura Research, Past and Present 26
Rediscovery and Exploration 26
3. Developing a New Perspective on Dura’s Military Base 32
Project Background 32
Oppression vs Concordia? Conceptualizing a New Study of Garrison,
Base, and City 33
Remit, Research Aims, and Objectives of the Study 34
Formation Processes of Site and Record: A ‘Pompeii of the Syrian Desert’? 35
The Evidence: Site, and Nature of Excavation Record 37
Methodology and Execution: A Visual Approach 41
4. Zooming In: Rome, the Middle Euphrates, and Dura 49
Historical Setting: World Empires and a Modest City 49
Material Realities: Natural and Human Environment 55
PART II THE BASE PORTRAYED
Extent of the Base 61
5. The Plateau Zone West of G St 63
The Temple of Bel (‘Temple of the Palmyrene Gods’ or ‘Temple
of Zeus’) in J9, and its Plaza 63
‘House of the Prefect’, Jl-A 66
CONTENTS
xii
The Temple of Artemis Azzanathkona and its Military-
Compound, E 7 70
Tht principia (‘Praetorium), E7 78
Changes to 10th St: The Via Principalis That Never Was 90
The E3 Bath and E4 palaestra Complex 93
The Great E4 House: From HQ to Defensive Strongpoint 103
The F3 Bath 109
The Amphitheatre, F3 118
Probable Horrea in J6 and J5 125
The Mithraeum, J7 125
The £Camp Wall5 130
Military Housing W of G St 135
Military Housing S of the Principia: E8 135
Military Housing E and SE of the Principia: E6 and E5 143
Military Housing W of the Principia: J1 to J4 144
Military Housing along the City Wall in J7 145
Military Housing along the City Wall in J8 and K7 152
Military Housing on the S Side of 8th St: K7, K5, K3, F7, and F5 153
6. The Plateau Zone East of G St 157
The Roman Palace (‘Palace of the Dux Ripae’), Blocks X3/X5 157
The X7 ‘Dolicheneum* 177
The X9 Temple 182
Military Housing E of G St 183
Military Housing in X7 183
Military Housing N of 10th St and the Roman Palace: El, E9, X5, X7,
X9, X10 186
Military Housing S of 10th St and the Roman Palace: E2, FI, X8, ‘X1-X4’,
and ‘X6’ 186
7. The Wadi Zone: Campus, Citadel, and C3 Bath 188
Military Enclosure between Citadel and Wadi Edge in A1 188
The Military Campus Zone 190
The ‘Temple of the Roman Archers’, A1 190
The Military Zeus Temple (‘Citadel Zeus Temple’), A1 195
The Military Campus, A1-A2 196
The Citadel 199
The Citadel in Roman Times: More Military Housing 202
Military Occupation around the Citadel in B2 206
The Southern Limit of the Base: B4 and Lower Main Street? 211
8. Military Presence around and beyond the Base Area 212
The C3 Bath 212
M7 Bath 221
L4: A Military-Related Facility? 226
Soldiers and Military Dependants Resident outside the Base Area 227
City Walls: Gates, Curtain, Towers, and Stairs 230
CONTENTS xiii
PART III A NEW PICTURE OF
GARRISON, BASE, AND CITY
Preview of Main Conclusions about Base and Garrison Community 239
9. Who Lived and Worked in the Base? 241
What the Textual Record Tells Us about the Garrison 241
The Nature and Extent of the Textual Record for the Garrison 241
Textual Evidence for Military Formations at Dura 242
Discussion: Attested Resident Formations 244
Garrison Chronology: The Established View 248
Garrison Development: A New Model 249
Further Unnoticed Thousands? An ‘Extended Military Community’ 250
10. What and Where? Revised Overview of Base Extent 256
The Military Quarter—or Third? The Base as Now Seen 256
11. When? New Outline of Development and Chronology 259
Epigraphic Evidence for Base Chronology 259
Archaeological Relations and Sequences: Relative Chronology 260
Development of the Base over Time 264
12. Why Was the Base Where It Was, and As It Was? 270
Why Two Initial Nuclei? 270
Why No ‘Standard Roman Castrametation’? 271
Irregularity of the Base: ‘Oriental Laxity’ or Sound Military Tradition? 272
13. How Did the Base Work? 275
Facilitating and Organizing Life: Layout 275
Surveillance and Control 276
Can We Locate Contingents to Specific Zones? 278
How Was Accommodation Organized? 279
Supply and Production 280
The Daily Round and Longer Cycles 282
Administration, Training, Ceremonial, and Religious Rites 283
Religion: Shrines and Temples 283
Amenities 284
‘Missing’ or Unlocated Components 284
14. Impact of Garrison and Base on the City 286
Military Domination of Both Urban Space and Time 286
Critical Details in the Big Picture: Signs of Military Consideration
for Civil Dura 287
Shades of Light and Dark 293
The Coming of Rome 297
Imperial Garrison—Or City within a City? 298
XIV
CONTENTS
15. Conclusion: Chiaroscuro 314
16. Epilogue and Prospect 317
The Second Destruction of Dura-Europos 317
Prospect 318
Image Credits 319
Plates 319
Figures 319
Bibliography 325
Index Locorum 337
General Index 339
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | James, Simon 1957- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1026757150 |
| author_facet | James, Simon 1957- |
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| author_sort | James, Simon 1957- |
| author_variant | s j sj |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045679373 |
| classification_rvk | NH 7982 LF 2035 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1091605116 (DE-599)BVBBV045679373 |
| discipline | Geschichte Klassische Archäologie |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 165-256 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 165-256 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Dura-Europos (DE-588)4013332-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Dura-Europos |
| id | DE-604.BV045679373 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:24:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198743569 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031062876 |
| oclc_num | 1091605116 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 |
| physical | xxxiii, 347 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten 29 cm |
| psigel | gbd_4_1906 BSB_NED_20190609 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | James, Simon 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)1026757150 aut The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization Simon James First edition Oxford, United Kingdom Oxford University Press 2019 xxxiii, 347 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten 29 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. 0A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from0their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture.0Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world Geschichte 165-256 gnd rswk-swf Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd rswk-swf Lager Militär (DE-588)4192540-3 gnd rswk-swf Dura-Europos (DE-588)4013332-1 gnd rswk-swf Excavations (Archaeology) / Syria / Dura-Europos (Extinct city) Fortification, Roman / Syria / Dura-Europos (Extinct city) Dura-Europos (Extinct city) / Civilization Dura-Europos (Extinct city) Civilization Excavations (Archaeology) Fortification, Roman Syria / Dura-Europos (Extinct city) Befestigungen (DE-2581)TH000008048 gbd Dura Europos (Syrien) [91 B3 SYR] (DE-2581)TH000012099 gbd Römisches Militärwesen (DE-2581)TH000007270 gbd Dura-Europos (DE-588)4013332-1 g Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 s Lager Militär (DE-588)4192540-3 s Geschichte 165-256 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031062876&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | James, Simon 1957- The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd Lager Militär (DE-588)4192540-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076769-3 (DE-588)4192540-3 (DE-588)4013332-1 |
| title | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization |
| title_auth | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization |
| title_exact_search | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization |
| title_full | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization Simon James |
| title_fullStr | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization Simon James |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria an archaeological visualization Simon James |
| title_short | The Roman military base at Dura-Europos, Syria |
| title_sort | the roman military base at dura europos syria an archaeological visualization |
| title_sub | an archaeological visualization |
| topic | Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd Lager Militär (DE-588)4192540-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Römerzeit Lager Militär Dura-Europos |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031062876&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jamessimon theromanmilitarybaseatduraeuropossyriaanarchaeologicalvisualization |