Grammatical voice:
"The grammatical category of voice covers a wide range of phenomena, including causatives, applicatives, passives, antipassives, middles, and others. Drawing on data from over 200 languages, Fernando Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä illustrate the semantic, morphological, and syntactic variation of voi...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY
Cambridge University Press
2019
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge textbooks in linguistics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The grammatical category of voice covers a wide range of phenomena, including causatives, applicatives, passives, antipassives, middles, and others. Drawing on data from over 200 languages, Fernando Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä illustrate the semantic, morphological, and syntactic variation of voice across languages from a range of families and regions. They approach the topic from a broad and explicit perspective, and discuss a variety of topics that are not always regarded as voice, in order to make a clear and useful conceptual delimitation. Clearly organized and accessibly written, the book will be welcomed by students and scholars of linguistics, especially those interested in how grammatical categories work"-- |
| Beschreibung: | 1812 |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 292 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781316612125 9781107159242 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV045447914 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20220404 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 190206s2019 |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781316612125 |c pbk. |9 978-1-316-61212-5 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781107159242 |c hb. |9 978-1-107-15924-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1090101374 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV045447914 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-188 |a DE-355 |a DE-824 | ||
| 084 | |a ET 660 |0 (DE-625)28014: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Zúñiga, Fernando |d 1968- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)171362268 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Grammatical voice |c Fernando Zúñiga, Seppo Kittilä |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY |b Cambridge University Press |c 2019 | |
| 300 | |a xviii, 292 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Cambridge textbooks in linguistics | |
| 500 | |a 1812 | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Changing semantic valency: causatives, applicatives, and related constructions -- Changing syntactic valency: passives, antipassives, and related constructions -- In search of balance: agent and patient voices -- The affected subject: reflexives, reciprocals, and middles -- Covert diatheses: uncoded alternations -- The fringes of voice -- Diachronic aspects of voice -- Revisiting voice theory | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "The grammatical category of voice covers a wide range of phenomena, including causatives, applicatives, passives, antipassives, middles, and others. Drawing on data from over 200 languages, Fernando Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä illustrate the semantic, morphological, and syntactic variation of voice across languages from a range of families and regions. They approach the topic from a broad and explicit perspective, and discuss a variety of topics that are not always regarded as voice, in order to make a clear and useful conceptual delimitation. Clearly organized and accessibly written, the book will be welcomed by students and scholars of linguistics, especially those interested in how grammatical categories work"-- | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Genus verbi |0 (DE-588)4071724-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | 0 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general / Grammatical categories | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general / Voice | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general / Grammatical categories | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general / Voice | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Genus verbi |0 (DE-588)4071724-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kittilä, Seppo |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1181818893 |4 oth | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-316-67139-9 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030833349 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804179342716043264 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents List of Figures x List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xii List of Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 Preliminaries Terminological and Analytical Prerequisites The Study of Grammatical Voice 1.3.1 Previous Studies 1.3.2 Voice as Understood and Presented in This Book 2 Changing Semantic Valency: Causatives, Applicatives, and Related Constructions 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Causatives 2.1.1 Prototypical Causatives 2.1.2 Non-Prototypical Causatives and Lookalikes 2.1.3 Formal Variation of Causatives 2.1.4 Semantic Variation of Causatives 2.1.5 Distribution of Causatives Anticausatives 2.2.1 Prototypical Anticausatives 2.2.2 Non-Prototypical Anticausatives and Lookalikes 2.2.3 Variation of Anticausatives 2.2.4 Distribution of Anticausatives Applicatives 2.3.1 Prototypical Applicatives 2.3.2 Applicative Types and Lookalikes 2.3.3 Variation of Applicatives 2.3.4 Distribution of Applicatives Antiapplicatives 2.4.1 Р-Demotion or Р-Suppression: Antipassives 2.4.2 Р-Removal: Antiapplicatives Proper 2.4.3 Envoi: An Unproductive Northern Sami Construction Subjective Undergoer Nucleatives 2.5.1 Philippine Undergoer Nucleatives Introduced 2.5.2 Malefactive and Possessive Subjective Nucleatives 2.5.3 Subjective Undergoer Nucleatives in a Nutshell 1 1 3 7 7 10 12 15 15 20 25 31 40 41 41 43 48 52 53 53 55 62 68 70 70 73 73 74 74 76 81 vrt
viii CONTENTS 3 Changing Syntactic Valency: Passives, Antipassives, and Related Constructions 3.1 3.2 3.3 The Passive Domain 3.1.1 The Prototypical Passive 3.1.2 Non-Prototypical Passives and Lookalikes 3.1.3 Functions of Passives 3.1.4 Variation of Passives 3.1.5 Distribution of Passives The Antipassive Domain 3.2.1 The Prototypical Antipassive 3.2.2 Non-Prototypical Antipassives and Lookalikes 3.2.3 Functions of Antipassives 3.2.4 Variation of Antipassives 3.2.5 Distribution of Antipassives Epilogue: Changing the Morphosyntactic Realization of Arguments 4 In Search of Balance: Agent and Patient Voices 4.1 4.2 4.3 Symmetrical Voice in Western Austronesian 4.1.1 Tagalog 4.1.2 Other Western Austronesian Languages 4.1.3 Western Austronesian Variation Symmetrical Voice in Non-Austronesian Languages 4.2.1 Selected South American Languages 4.2.2 Selected North American Languages and “Inverse Voice” 4.2.3 Symmetrical Voices in the Americas and Beyond Symmetrical Voice in a Nutshell 5 The Affected Subject: Reflexives, Reciprocals, and Middles 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 Introduction Reflexives and Voice 5.2.1 Two Prototypical Reflexives 5.2.2 Variation of Reflexives Reciprocals and Voice 5.3.1 Two Prototypical Reciprocals 5.3.2 Variation of Reciprocals Middles 5.4.1 Middle Voice as a Value of a GrammaticalCategory 5.4.2 The Middle as a Network of Meanings 5.4.3 Middle Inflection, Voice, and Cluster Covert Diatheses: Uncoded Alternations 6.1 6.2 6.3 Introduction Changing Semantic Valency via Uncoded Alternations 6.2.1 Uncoded (Anti-)Causatives: The CausativeAlternation 6.2.2 Uncoded
(Anti-)Applicatives 6.2.3 Uncoded Subject Undergoer (De-)Nucleatives Changing Syntactic Valency via Uncoded Alternations 6.3.1 Passive Alternations 82 83 83 84 89 91 101 102 102 104 111 113 117 118 120 121 122 127 133 134 135 143 149 149 151 151 154 154 155 161 161 162 168 168 171 175 178 178 181 181 183 187 188 188
Contents 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.3.2 The Antipassive or Conative Alternation 6.3.3 The Dative Alternation Valency-Neutral Uncoded Alternations 6.4.1 The Locative Alternation 6.4.2 Agent-Patient-Diathesis Alternations Covert Affected Subjects: Uncoded Reflexives and Reciprocals 6.5.1 Uncoded Reflexives 6.5.2 Uncoded Reciprocals Discussion 7 The Fringes of Voice 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Uncoded Syntax-Neutral Alternations Uncoded Unclear-Syntax Alternations Nominal Incorporation Constructions (NICs) Transitivity Discord Constructions (TDCs) 7.4.1 Transitivity Modulation with Voice Alternation: Algonquian 7.4.2 Transitivity Modulation without DiatheticalAlternation 7.4.3 Lexically Restricted Transitivity Modulation: Oceanic and Beyond 7.4.4 Variation and Unity of TDCs 8 Diachronic Aspects of Voice 8.1 8.2 Source Morphology 8.1.1 Sources of Causatives 8.1.2 Sources of Applicatives 8.1.3 Sources of Passives 8.1.4 Sources of Antipassives 8.1.5 Sources of Reflexives 8.1.6 Sources of Reciprocals 8.1.7 Sources of Anticausatives Voice Syncretisms 8.2.1 The Transitivizing Cluster (= caus-appl Isomorphism) 8.2.2 The Detransitivizing Cluster (= mid Cluster) 8.2.3 Other Syncretisms 8.2.4 Summary 9 Revisiting Voice Theory References Author Index Language Index Subject Index 189 191 193 193 194 195 196 197 198 200 200 202 205 208 208 211 213 218 220 220 220 222 223 226 230 232 233 233 234 237 243 245 246 254 285 287 290 ix
The grammatical category ofvoice covers a wide range of phenomena, including causatives, applicatives, passives, antipassives, middles, and others. Drawing on data from over 200 languages, Fernando Zuniga and Seppo Kittilä illustrate the semantic, morphological, and syntactic variation ofvoice across languages from a range of families and regions. They approach the topic from a broad and explicit perspective, and discuss a variety of topics that are not always regarded as voice, in orderto make a clear and useful conceptual delimitation. Clearly organized and accessibly written, the book will be welcomed by students and scholars of linguistics, especially those interested in how grammatical categories work. FERNANDO ZÚÑIGA is professor of linguistics at the University of Bern. His research focuses on the qualitative typology ofvoice and alignment, as well as on benefaction and wordhood issues. He has со-edited numerous books including Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony (2018) with Sonia Cristofaro. SEPPO KITTILÄ works asa senior lecturer in linguistics at the University of Helsinki. He has published extensively on transitivity and argument marking, and also causatives. He has со-edited numerous books on these topics including Benefactioes and Malefactioes (2010) with Fernando Zúñiga.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Zúñiga, Fernando 1968- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)171362268 (DE-588)1181818893 |
| author_facet | Zúñiga, Fernando 1968- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Zúñiga, Fernando 1968- |
| author_variant | f z fz |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045447914 |
| classification_rvk | ET 660 |
| contents | Changing semantic valency: causatives, applicatives, and related constructions -- Changing syntactic valency: passives, antipassives, and related constructions -- In search of balance: agent and patient voices -- The affected subject: reflexives, reciprocals, and middles -- Covert diatheses: uncoded alternations -- The fringes of voice -- Diachronic aspects of voice -- Revisiting voice theory |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1090101374 (DE-599)BVBBV045447914 |
| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03230nam a2200457 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045447914</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220404 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">190206s2019 |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781316612125</subfield><subfield code="c">pbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-316-61212-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781107159242</subfield><subfield code="c">hb.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-107-15924-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1090101374</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV045447914</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ET 660</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)28014:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zúñiga, Fernando</subfield><subfield code="d">1968-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)171362268</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grammatical voice</subfield><subfield code="c">Fernando Zúñiga, Seppo Kittilä</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xviii, 292 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cambridge textbooks in linguistics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1812</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Changing semantic valency: causatives, applicatives, and related constructions -- Changing syntactic valency: passives, antipassives, and related constructions -- In search of balance: agent and patient voices -- The affected subject: reflexives, reciprocals, and middles -- Covert diatheses: uncoded alternations -- The fringes of voice -- Diachronic aspects of voice -- Revisiting voice theory</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"The grammatical category of voice covers a wide range of phenomena, including causatives, applicatives, passives, antipassives, middles, and others. Drawing on data from over 200 languages, Fernando Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä illustrate the semantic, morphological, and syntactic variation of voice across languages from a range of families and regions. They approach the topic from a broad and explicit perspective, and discuss a variety of topics that are not always regarded as voice, in order to make a clear and useful conceptual delimitation. Clearly organized and accessibly written, the book will be welcomed by students and scholars of linguistics, especially those interested in how grammatical categories work"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Genus verbi</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071724-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grammar, Comparative and general / Grammatical categories</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grammar, Comparative and general / Voice</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grammar, Comparative and general / Grammatical categories</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Grammar, Comparative and general / Voice</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Genus verbi</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071724-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kittilä, Seppo</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1181818893</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-316-67139-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030833349</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV045447914 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:18:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781316612125 9781107159242 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030833349 |
| oclc_num | 1090101374 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-824 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-824 |
| physical | xviii, 292 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Cambridge textbooks in linguistics |
| spelling | Zúñiga, Fernando 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)171362268 aut Grammatical voice Fernando Zúñiga, Seppo Kittilä Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY Cambridge University Press 2019 xviii, 292 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge textbooks in linguistics 1812 Changing semantic valency: causatives, applicatives, and related constructions -- Changing syntactic valency: passives, antipassives, and related constructions -- In search of balance: agent and patient voices -- The affected subject: reflexives, reciprocals, and middles -- Covert diatheses: uncoded alternations -- The fringes of voice -- Diachronic aspects of voice -- Revisiting voice theory "The grammatical category of voice covers a wide range of phenomena, including causatives, applicatives, passives, antipassives, middles, and others. Drawing on data from over 200 languages, Fernando Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä illustrate the semantic, morphological, and syntactic variation of voice across languages from a range of families and regions. They approach the topic from a broad and explicit perspective, and discuss a variety of topics that are not always regarded as voice, in order to make a clear and useful conceptual delimitation. Clearly organized and accessibly written, the book will be welcomed by students and scholars of linguistics, especially those interested in how grammatical categories work"-- Genus verbi (DE-588)4071724-0 gnd rswk-swf Grammar, Comparative and general / Grammatical categories Grammar, Comparative and general / Voice Genus verbi (DE-588)4071724-0 s DE-604 Kittilä, Seppo Sonstige (DE-588)1181818893 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-316-67139-9 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Zúñiga, Fernando 1968- Grammatical voice Changing semantic valency: causatives, applicatives, and related constructions -- Changing syntactic valency: passives, antipassives, and related constructions -- In search of balance: agent and patient voices -- The affected subject: reflexives, reciprocals, and middles -- Covert diatheses: uncoded alternations -- The fringes of voice -- Diachronic aspects of voice -- Revisiting voice theory Genus verbi (DE-588)4071724-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071724-0 |
| title | Grammatical voice |
| title_auth | Grammatical voice |
| title_exact_search | Grammatical voice |
| title_full | Grammatical voice Fernando Zúñiga, Seppo Kittilä |
| title_fullStr | Grammatical voice Fernando Zúñiga, Seppo Kittilä |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grammatical voice Fernando Zúñiga, Seppo Kittilä |
| title_short | Grammatical voice |
| title_sort | grammatical voice |
| topic | Genus verbi (DE-588)4071724-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Genus verbi |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030833349&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zunigafernando grammaticalvoice AT kittilaseppo grammaticalvoice |