Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948:
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Romanian |
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Timişoara
Editura Universităţii de Vest
2018
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Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | 152 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9789731256405 |
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adam_text | CUPRINS
CUVÂNT-ÎNAINTE......................................................7
CAPITOLUL I
ME§TE§UGURILE ÎN JUDETELE CARA§ §1 SEVERIN
ÎN PERIOADA1918-1948
1.1. Meftefugurile în judetul Caraf.................................13
1.1 .a. Meftefugurile în judetul Caraf în perioada interbelicä
fi în anii celui de-aï Doilea Râzboi Mondial..............13
1.1. b. Meftefugurile în judetul Caraf în perioada 1944-1948...14
1.2. Meftefugurile în judetul Severin..............................25
1.2. a. Meftefugurile în judetul Severin în perioada interbelicä
fi în anii celui de-al Doilea Râzboi Mondial.............25
1.2. b. Meftefugurile în judetul Severin în perioada 1944-1948.31
CAPITOLUL II
COMERTUL ÎN JUDETELE CARAÇ §1 SEVERIN
ÎN PERIOADA 1918-1948
II. 1. Comertul în România în perioadal 918-1948....................55
11.2. Comertul în judetul Caraç....................................61
11.2. a. Comertul în judetul Caras în perioada interbelicä
fi în anii celui de-al Doilea Râzboi Mondial.............61
11.2. b. Comertul în judetul Caraç în perioada 1944-1948 ......63
11.3. Comertul în judetul Severin..................................77
11.3. a. Comertul în judetul Severin în perioada interbelicä
fi în anii celui de-al Doilea Râzboi Mondial.............77
11.3. b. Comertul în judejul Severin în perioada 1944-1948....90
CONCLUZII.........................................................139
LISTA ABREVIERILOR................................................145
BIBLIOGRAFIE......................................................147
ABSTRACT..........................................................149
5
Bibliografie
I. FONDURI ARHIVISTICE
SJCSAN (Caransebeç), fondurile:
1. Camera de Comert fi Industrie Lugoj - Oficiul Oravita.
2. Federada mes er ¡afilar - Central raional Refita.
3. Federada meseriafilor Oravita.
4. Prefectura judefului Cara§.
5. Prefectura judetului Cara§ - Cabinet.
6. Sindicatul comerciandlor fi meseriafilor din judetul Caraç.
7. Tribunalul Caransebeç — firme sociale.
SJTAN (Timisoara), fondurile:
1. Camera de Comert fi Industrie Lugoj - firme sociale fi bancare.
2. Camera de Comert fi Industrie Lugoj - secretariat-administradv.
3. Delegatul Comisiei Române pentru Aplicarea Armisddului - judetul
Severin.
4. Federafia Meseriafilor - Centrul Regional Timisoara.
5. Prefectura judetului Severin.
6. Prefectura judetului Severin — Biroul Armisddului.
II. PERIODICE
1. Asiguräri Sociale, Bucureçti, 1947.
2. Bulednulpreturilor, Bucureçti, 1944.
3. Curierul Banatului, Timisoara, 1941.
4. Lupia patriótica, Timisoara, 1945.
5. Luptätorul bänätean, Timisoara, 1948.
6. Refita, Reçita, 1939.
7. Revista Fiscalä $i Financiara, Bucureçti, 1945.
8. Vestal, Timisoara, 1939.
147
III. LUCRÄRI GENERALE
1. Birou, Virgil, Buletinul Camerei de Muncä din Timisoara. 1941 §i 1942,
Institutul de Arte Grafice „Rapid”, Timisoara, 1943.
2. Bona, Petru; Gumä, Nicoleta; Groza, Liviu, Caransebe§. Contribuid
monografice, f. e„ Caransebe§, 1990.
3. Brätescu, Constantin, Istorie §i cultura in arhivele Cara§-Severinulul
Indrumätor, f. e., Bucureçti, 1997.
4. Constantinescu, N.N. (coord.), Istoria económica a României, vol. 2,
Editura Economicä, Bucureçti, 1998.
5. Enciclopedia României, vol. II, Imprimeria Nationalâ, Bucureçti, 1938.
6. Enescu, Ion; Enescu, Iuliu (coord.), Ardealul, Banatul, Criçana §i
Maramureçul din punct de vedere agricol, cultural §i economic, editia a Ill-a
adäugitä, Editura Libräriei SOCEC Co S.A., Bucureçti, 1920.
7. Ghidiu, Andrei; Bàlan, Iosif, Monografia Caransebeçului, editie îngri-
jitä de Nicolae Pârvu, Imprimeria Mirton, Timisoara, 2000.
8. Groflorean, Cornel, Banatul de altàdatà §i de totdeauna. Sinteza
problemelor istorice §i social-politice, f. e., Timiçoara, 1946.
9. Moldovan, Sim. Sam., Judetul Cara§ §i ora§ul Oravifa. Scurtà
monografie istoricà, Tipografía Iosif Kaden, Oravita, 1943.
10. Munteanu, loan; Munteanu, Rodica, Timiç. Monografie, Editura
Marineasa, Timiçoara, 1998.
11. Mureçan, Maria; Mureçan, Dumitru, Istoria economiei, Editura
Economicä, Bucureçti, 1995.
12. Puia, Ilie; Tambozi, Justin, Istoria economiei nationale, Editura
Fundatiei „Andrei Çaguna”, Constanta, 1993.
13. Smeu, Liviu, Contribuía la istoria Almàjului, Editura Litera, Bucureçti,
1977.
14. Zahiu, I. (coord.), Re§i{a - istorie §i contemporaneitate, f. e., Récita,
1971.
IV. LUCRÄRI SPECIALE 1
1. Çerban, Ion, „Intensificarea exploatärii maselor populare din judetul
Caraç-Severin în anii dictaturii militare antonesciene (1940-1944)”, în
Banatica, Récita, nr. 6, 1981, pp. 365-366, 368.
148
Abstract
By the end of the Second World War and during the years that followed
after it, the Soviet Union has enjoyed its priviliged situation in the international
relations, because it was the main force which defeated Germany, saved many
countries from the german occupation and freed the world from jewes.
The Soviet Union became the main quarantee against a possible rebirth
of the nazist spirit. The fear for this rebirth came from the symphathy shown
for the Soviet Union. This priviliged situation offered it a great freedom of
movement in the international problems and it got a lot more believeble,
it also, realized great political ideals.
To calm its partners, the Soviet Union, officially declared that it doesn’t
intend to impose by force its political system and social, but the only thing the
Soviet Union wanted was to enssure its security.
As a result of this policy, the Soviet Union succeeded to obtain from the
United States the right that consisted in not to support I.Lb. Me§te§ugurile
in judetul Cara$ in the others political groups hostile for the russians.
The political international phenomena that had long and deep consequences
in the whole world and it put its print on the entire european social and political
life, it was represented by the cold war.
After signing the treaty from February the 10th of 1947, with the contries
that participated to the anti-soviet war, suchs as: Italy, Romania, Hungary,
Bulgaria and Finland. This event represented for the Soviet Union the end
of a flourishing colaboration period with the Occident. Although, signing
the treaties of peace with the Soviet Union represented the beginning of its
presence among the countries from eastern Europe, and so, the entire power
was taken by the communist parties. After signing these treaties, the Soviet
Union, „refounded” in September 1947, the Comintern as Cominform.
By refounding this institution, the Soviet Union supports the communists
and „workers” movements from all over the countries.
In the same time, the contradictions between the russians and the occidentals
were re-taken on the first plan. All these events signaled the beginning of
the „Cold War”, which had as a result the spliting of Europe and the world,
in half, and the Soviet Union got a greater power.
149
The public justification of the cold war was the following: „agressive
intentions”, „prepairings for war made by the impérialistes countries”.
Although it tried to evoid the transformation of Romania in a theatre of
war, the state-hit from August 23rd, 1944, was followed, inevitably, by the
soviet military occupation.
After eliberating the southern part of the country from german troops,
the romanian army got engaged in the fight for freedom of the north-west
territory of Transilvania, which territory was given to Hungary through the
Dictate of Viene on August 30th, 1940, followed by taking the cities soldiers
and officers were sacrificed. Unfortunately, this part of the country got under
soviet military administration on November 11th, 1944. Hoping that it will
obtain the participation to war, the romanian army got involved in the west
campain under soviet comand, until the surrender of Germany, on May 9th,
1945, but the human and material sacrifices of people were substantial.
The Armistice Convention, signed at Moscow, on September 12th 1944,
was considered a tiry treaty of peace, because of its foresights, completed by
a series of normative acts, elaborated between September 1944-march 1945,
with a negative effect over the romanian economy, especially the agriculture.
In the trades domain, there were signaled similar problems, such as: lack
of first materials, excessive fiscality, usage of machinery, decreased number
of workers, involvement of the politic factor in its activity, low qualification
level etc.
The commerce was also afected of different problems: the control of
the state in this domain, maintaining the private property, changing the taxe
system, refuse of the romanian government to participate to Marshall Plan,
proposed by U.S.A., high prices to all merchendises, low quality of products
and laws were changed (organisation of Professional Rooms).
The subject of my thesis contains all kind of events before and after 1989,
from different perspectives. For this research paper, I will present some works
I used.
The evolution of the romanian economy between 1944-1948 is reflected by
some specially works. The work of Ion Alexandrescu, entitled The Romanian
Economy in the first post-war years (1945-1947)9 includes rare information
about the impact of the Treaty of Armistice over our society, presenting in
details the economic legislation of 1944-1947. The work of Keith Hitchins,
Romania. 1866-1947, gives details about some aspects concerning the activity
of the Groza government. Maria and Dumitru Mureçan wrote the work entitled
The History of Economy, which presents multiple aspects concerning the
development of the romanian economy, correlated with the world’s economy,
150
between 1944-1948. Vasile Pu§ca§ and Vasile Vesa wrote The Development
and evolution in inter-war period (1919-1939), which debates about the
evolution of economy in Banat. Cornel Grof^orean wrote the work Banat of all
times, which gives information about the economic, social, politic and cultural
evolution of Banat. The nationalisation of the main means of production is
rendered in the following works: Gavril Sonea, The nationalisation of the
main means of production in Romania, gives arguments about the actions
of communists in this process. Another work, writen under communists, was
The Act of Nationalisation in Banat, by Ion Popa which gives details about
this aspect.
The importance of this period, between 1944 and 1948 is revealed by the
dramatic situation on the international plan. The end of the Second World
War and its consequences generated the presence of two superpowers, which
influenced political life until now.
The reason I chose this theme for research, includes the fact that I wanted
to find more about the economic, and social situation in this part of Romania.
The information given in this research paper habe been collected from
several important works and special articles, such as the local archives from
Timi§ district and Cara§-Severin, but also the local library.
The originality of this research paper consists in exquisite information
concerning the economic and social life of the districts up-mentioned, in fact,
it is about a monography of these during 1944-1948.
During 1944 and 1948, to the organisational structure of the Caraç District,
there were added new compartments, such as the economic office, the CASBI
office and others.
In 1949 were founded the provisory committees of popular advice.
In 1950 the territories of Cara§ and Severin were bounded together in one
administrative unit.
From the point of view of administrative structure the Severin district
was reunited in 1925 with Caraç district. Its evolution after this union was
influenced by numerous measures adopted in 1930, 1938 and 1941. According
to its population, these districts were formed predominantly by romanians and
their occupation were variated.
During 1944 and 1948, the economy of Banat was unpleasantly surprised
by two major events, such as: the redrawall of the german troops and the
entrance of the russian troops in this area.
The great changes of the economy put their print over the social structure
of the population. The sindicates represented the interests of traders in Cara§,
and they got involved in helping the peasants and their trades. Supplying the
151
traders with main materials and obtaining credits were two problems taken
into account by the central and local authorities. By perfectioning the qualified
workers and their work, they tried to attract people and leave the „black work”
forever. The working program, the right to free days and the pension age time
were problems which affected the traders and their co-workers. The system
of taxes, that the traders were obliged to pay to the state have diminueshed
substantialy the incomes of this professional cathegory. For this reason, in
this period, the traders of Severin came up with extreme measures, such
as: organizing meetings with the mass-media, adressing telegrams to the
Ministery of Finance and so on. The years that followd, especially the one of
1947, represented the attempt of the traders to freed themselves of all taxes
to the state, considered unuseful. In 1948, the system of taxes came up with
large modifications for all the cathegories of workers. Alloting the right for
money and materials for traders was an important measure of the government.
The traders got involved in different activities, such as: cultural and social
activities, so that they could obtain substantial donations. The political options
expressed by the traders’representatives of this area were good for the Groza
governments’views and for the communist Party.
To sum it up, even though they confronted with multiple problems
concerning goods and materials between 1945-1948, the traders from Severin
made a propaganda in the favour of the Groza government.
In this agitated period (1944-1948), there were necessary a series of
measures that would stabilise the industry and trades. For the urban traders,
an important action was the reopering of the industrial railways Oravita-
Ie$enova-Var§et-Timi§oara, belonging to the U.D.R. Society.
Between 1944-1947, took place some legislative changes, for example,
the law for organizing the Professional Chambers, establishing prices for
different trades, even banning some of them to get on the markets. The Severin
district had to deal with some negative effects too, because the state started to
controll everything and everyone from the trading domain. Its commerce was
affected by the sovietic robberies and abuses from 1944-1945. The instability
of the internal market, and the lack of products because of the soviet army
have encouraged the traders to form societies of their own, professional
organisations of traders, such as: The Society of Traders specialised in: wood,
cereals, iron, meat and lambs, textiles, glass, food, skin and shoes, but all of
them had to respect the government’s rules.
In conclusion, the commerce in Severin between 1944-1948 was limited
by the political factor and the state’s control over it.
152
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geographic | Judeţ Caraş-Severin (DE-588)4346900-0 gnd |
geographic_facet | Judeţ Caraş-Severin |
id | DE-604.BV045376687 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:16:28Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789731256405 |
language | Romanian |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030763084 |
oclc_num | 1081349337 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
physical | 152 Seiten |
publishDate | 2018 |
publishDateSearch | 2018 |
publishDateSort | 2018 |
publisher | Editura Universităţii de Vest |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Narai, Eusebiu-Marcel 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)1048702804 aut Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 Timişoara Editura Universităţii de Vest 2018 152 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung auf Englisch Geschichte 1918-1948 gnd rswk-swf Handwerk (DE-588)4023299-2 gnd rswk-swf Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd rswk-swf Judeţ Caraş-Severin (DE-588)4346900-0 gnd rswk-swf Judeţ Caraş-Severin (DE-588)4346900-0 g Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 s Handwerk (DE-588)4023299-2 s Geschichte 1918-1948 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030763084&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030763084&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030763084&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Narai, Eusebiu-Marcel 1974- Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 Handwerk (DE-588)4023299-2 gnd Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4023299-2 (DE-588)4023222-0 (DE-588)4346900-0 |
title | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_auth | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_exact_search | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_full | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_fullStr | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_full_unstemmed | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_short | Meşteşugurile şi comerţul în judeţele Caraş şi Severin în perioada 1918-1948 |
title_sort | mestesugurile si comertul in judetele caras si severin in perioada 1918 1948 |
topic | Handwerk (DE-588)4023299-2 gnd Handel (DE-588)4023222-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Handwerk Handel Judeţ Caraş-Severin |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030763084&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030763084&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030763084&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT naraieusebiumarcel mestesugurilesicomertulinjudetelecarassiseverininperioada19181948 |