Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage: basic physical concepts
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, Fla.
Taylor & Francis, CRC Press
[2019]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | IX, 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781138626638 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents Foreword............................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1 Introduction................................................................................ 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Chapter 2 Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics................................. 9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Chapter 3 Energy, Power, and Efficiency.......................................... 1 The Efficiency-Power Trade-Off.......................................4 Outline............................................................................... 6 Equilibrium States.......................................................... 10 2.1.1 Energy..................................................................11 2.1.2 Entropy maximization........................................ 12 2.1.3 Temperature........................................................ 16 2.1.4 Statistics of quantum particles.......................... 18 2.1.5 Examples of equilibrium states.......................... 22 2.1.5.1 Perfect gas of independent particles ..22 2.1.5.2 The photon gas....................................24 2.1.5.3 Two-level system and negative temperatures........................................26 Reversible Processes........................................................28 2.2.1 System and environment....................................29 2.2.2 Heat and work.....................................................29 2.2.3 Thermodynamic response coefficients................32 2.2.4 Thermodynamic potentials.................................34 2.2.5 Examples for
reversible processes......................38 2.2.5.1 The perfect gas....................................38 2.2.5.2 The photon gas....................................40 Cycle Processes and Efficiencies.....................................41 2.3.1 Otto cycle efficiency of a two-level system...... 42 2.3.2 Carnot efficiency..................................................44 Exergy and Anergy.........................................................46 Linear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics............................... 49 3.1 3.2 Irreversible Processes......................................................49 3.1.1 The dropping stone example............................. 50 3.1.2 Irreversible cycle processes.................................52 3.1.3 Master equations.................................................52 Generalized Forces and Currents................................... 54 v
Contents VI 3.3 Chapter 4 3.2.1 Energy and particle currents..............................57 3.2.2 Relaxation............................................................58 Current Densities............................................................60 3.3.1 Diffusive currents and LTE................................60 3.3.2 Ballistic currents and non-LTE......................... 64 The Entropy Production Rate...............................................67 4.1 Total Entropy Production Rate..................................... 68 4.1.1 Ś in statistical thermodynamics........................ 68 4.1.2 S in phenomenological thermodynamics.......... 69 4.2 Local Entropy Production Rate..................................... 71 4.2.1 S in diffusive transport....................................... 71 4.2.2 Ś in ballistic transport....................................... 74 4.2.2.1 Photons: Radiative heat transfer...... 74 4.2.2.2 Electrons: Mesoscopic conductors..... 76 4.3 Entropy Production Rate Optimization........................ 78 Chapter 5 Endoreversible Thermodynamics.............................................81 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chapter 6 Ragone Plots..............................................................................97 6.1 6.2 Chapter 7 Endoreversible Systems...................................................81 Efficiency-Power Relations............................................. 84 5.2.1 Curzon—Ahlborn engine..................................... 85 5.2.2 Novikov engine with leakage...............................87 5.2.3 Electrochemical
engines...................................... 90 5.2.4 Thermo-electrochemical engines........................ 91 Endoreversible Pumped Heat Storage........................... 92 Ragone Charts of Storage Technologies........................ 97 Ragone Plots of Storage Devices.................................... 99 6.2.1 The ideal battery.............................................. 101 6.2.2 Kinetic energy storage...................................... 105 6.2.3 The ideal capacitor............................................107 Power and Efficiency Limits................................................... Ill 7.1 7.2 7.3 Solar Power.................................................................... Ill 7.1.1 Solar thermal power..........................................Ill 7.1.2 Photovoltaic power............................................115 Electrical Power Conversion Devices............................122 7.2.1 DC-DC converter...............................................122 7.2.2 Transformer....................................................... 122 Impedance Matching..................................................... 124 7.3.1 Impedance matching with a DC-DC converter.............................................................125
Contents vii 7.4 7.5 Chapter 8 7.3.2 Maximum power point tracking....................... 126 7.3.3 Impedance matching with an LC circuit.........127 7.3.4 Impedance matching with a transformer.........128 Electro-Mechanical Energy Conversion: Motors.......... 130 7.4.1 Torque-frequency relation and stability........... 131 7.4.2 Efficiency-power relations of DC motors.........133 Fluid-Flow Power.............................................................136 7.5.1 Lift-force based free fluid-flow power................138 7.5.2 Drag-force based free fluid-flow power............. 141 7.5.3 Impulse based ducted fluid-flow power ........... 142 7.5.4 Reaction based ducted fluid-flow power.......... 143 7.5.5 Efficiency-power relations of hydro turbines... 143 Performance Optimization......................................................147 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Efficiency-Power Relations of Composite Systems......148 Entropy Generation Rate Minimization....................... 148 8.2.1 Electric current duct........................................... 149 8.2.2 Heat exchanger.................................................... 151 The Ecological Function..................................................153 Economic Optimization...................................................154 8.4.1 Net present value.................................................154 8.4.2 Power-efficiency trade-off.................................. 156 References....................................................................................................... 161 Index 165
Physics and Engineering 8851 AND POWER IN energy conversion and storage BASIC PHYSICAL CONCEPTS This book provides fundamental theoretical concepts for the understanding, the modelling, and the optimisation of energy conversion and storage devices. The discussion is based on the general footing of efficiency-power relations and energy-power relations (Ragone plots). Efficiency and Power in Energy Conversion and Storage: Basic Physical Concepts, is written for engineers and scientists with a bachelor-degree level of knowledge in physics. It contains: • An introductory motivation of the topic • A review on equilibrium thermodynamics • A primer to linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics and irreversible processes • An introduction to endo-reversible thermodynamics • The basics on the theory of Ragone plots • Derivations of efficiency-power relations or Ragone plots for illustrative examples like heat engines, batteries, capacitors, kinetic energy storage devices, solar power, photodiodes, electro-motors, transformers, and flow turbines • An excursion to impedance matching and the optimization of technical devices with respect to economic and related objectives 978113862663890000 1054443004600
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138626638 |
| language | English |
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| physical | IX, 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
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| publisher | Taylor & Francis, CRC Press |
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| spelling | Christen, Thomas Verfasser aut Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts Thomas Christen Boca Raton, Fla. Taylor & Francis, CRC Press [2019] IX, 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Power resources Energy conversion / Mathematics Energy storage / Mathematics Electric power-plants / Efficiency Electric power-plants / Efficiency fast Power resources fast Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, eBook 978-0-4294-5428-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, Adobe PDF 978-0-4298-4525-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePUB 978-0-4298-4524-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, Mobipocket 978-0-4298-4523-9 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030686897&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030686897&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Christen, Thomas Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts Power resources Energy conversion / Mathematics Energy storage / Mathematics Electric power-plants / Efficiency Electric power-plants / Efficiency fast Power resources fast |
| title | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts |
| title_auth | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts |
| title_exact_search | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts |
| title_full | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts Thomas Christen |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts Thomas Christen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts Thomas Christen |
| title_short | Efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage |
| title_sort | efficiency and power in energy conversion and storage basic physical concepts |
| title_sub | basic physical concepts |
| topic | Power resources Energy conversion / Mathematics Energy storage / Mathematics Electric power-plants / Efficiency Electric power-plants / Efficiency fast Power resources fast |
| topic_facet | Power resources Energy conversion / Mathematics Energy storage / Mathematics Electric power-plants / Efficiency |
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