Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti: (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830)
Saved in:
| Other Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Romanian |
| Published: |
Sibiu
Astra Museum
2013
Sibiu Techno Media |
| Edition: | Ediţia a II-a, revizuită şi adăugită |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 305 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9786068520209 9786066161022 |
Staff View
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| adam_text | REPERTORY OF TYPOGRAPHERS, EDITORS, ENGRAVERS, PATRONS OF
ROMANIAN BOOKS (1508-1830)13
Contribution of whole generations of typographers, translators, engravers, editors and patrons,
involved in the printing of books in Romanian, Slav, Greek language, but also in Latin, Hungarian,
German, more rarely in other languages, on the Romanian territory, was the object of numerous
specialized works or collateral ones. Bibliologists, philologists, historians, theologians etc. approached
the extensive theme of the old book from the Romanian territory, ever since the XIXth century, and
researches, which embodied different editing forms and exposure of the issue, did not stop either
nowadays14. As we are acquainted with results of researches conducted in the neighbouring countries,
but also in more remote ones, we felt the need of drawing attention on the phenomenon of old
Romanian book from a different angle of investigation than the usual one15.
Researching for years, different aspects referring to appearance and continuity of old Romanian
books, making use of specialists’ expertise and involving young researchers, we considered useful a new
approach, even if we cannot consider it wholly undebated: identification, with the aid of vast
bibliography, of personalities who had left their mark on appearance, existence, evolution and graphical
aspect of book. This Repertory proposes to follow this theme for the first time in the Romanian culture,
synthetically and systematically, along a traditional chronological line, applied from the end of the XIXth
century by Timotei Cipariu16, then by loan Bianu, Nerva Hodog and Dan Simonescu in the Romanian
Academy -1508-1830 — segment of time widely used by researchers, aspect which hasn’t been exceeded
for now.
Authors of the Old Romanian Bibliography, volumes I-IV, deeply involved in the elaboration of
retrospective bibliography to Romanians, proposed a method of studying the old book, starting from
author and title of the book, in a chronological order of releases. Although the Old Romanian Bibliography
should be completed, we felt, at this stage of knowledge, the need for identification of possible
information, meaning the human element that contributed to printing of books. We consider useful
realization of a new synthetical variant of history of Romanian printing for cultural, scientific and of
representation purposes, even if those achieved until now served their cultural, documentary and
scientific role17. Why did we think, besides the scientific aspect also to that of representation? Because
Romanian books have a special charm as for appearance, comparing them with European printings from
the same period — more sober, about which researchers from outside Romania hold far too little
information. The printing house also became in the Romanian area an institution which sets up
directions or which allowed more rapid transmission of information from one geographical area of
Romania to another, even if we very well know that there existed sufficient administrative, political and
religious impediments, that attempted to oppose circulation of books amongst Romanians divided by the
Carpathian Mountains.
Old Romanian Bibliography (1508-1830)18 represents, in the history of Romanians, a research phase
and one of valorization of the cultural inheritance ended at the mid of XXth century and not exceeded
even in the first decade of the XXIst century. Throughout XIXth-XXIst centuries, Romanian specialists
have worked extensively on completion and correction of the work of loan Bianu, Nerva Hodo§ and
Dan Simonescu, but a newer version of Old Romanian Bibliography could not be published. Specialists
13 Repertoriul tipografilor, e ditori lor, gravorilor, patronilor cártilor románesti, Project no. 733 financed by CNCSIS (Romanian
Council for Research in Higher Education) during 2006-2008.
14 Extended bibliography afferent to this preface is present both in the Repertoire, in a concise form and through siglas, as well
as at the end of the work.
15 Eva Márza, PreJiminarii la un repertonu al tipografilor romani 1508-1830, in Amales Universitatis Apulensis Series Histórica
[AUASHf 2004, 8, p. 53-60.
16 Eva Márza, Timotei Cipariu p Bibliografía Románeascá Veche, in ALIASH, 2000-2001, 4-5, p. 115-120.
17 We are thinking here about Mircea Tomescu, Istoria cártii romanesti vechi de la inceputuripana la 1918, Bucure^ti, Ed. §tiinpfica,
1968; Dan Simonescu, Gheorghe Buluja, Din istoria cártii romane pi, Bucure^ti, Ed. Ion Creangá, 1981; idem, S curta ¿storie a cártii
románepi, Bucure^ti, Ed. Demiurg, 1994.
18 loan Bianu, Nerva Hodog, Dan Simonescu, Bibliografía Románeascá Veche (1508-1830), I-IV, Bucure^ti, 1903-1940.
9
preoccupied with this domain are aware of the necessity of a new approach on retrospective national
bibliography, which would need a new version, completed and corrected, to may become an exhaustive
work for the Romanian area, with implications of a modem and applied research. Respecting the
language criterion, Romanian, of Romanian authors, geographic criterion, but also issues referring to
authors speaking other languages than Romanian — whose works to have been printed on the territory of
Romania — involves debates that didn’t end at this time, without a new working concept19 being
established.
We proposed not to begin research from the widely circulated result, from the title of the book,
but to have in view the typographical institution, its workers and servants and then those who
supported, edited or financed the typographical act. The work wishes to be a synthesis of information
possible to be gathered from periodicals and monographs (those that accumulate older relations or new
discoveries), published documentary sources and, last but not least, from books realized in the Romanian
area until 1830, completed with mandatory bibliographical references, having at the end the role and
shape of a dictionary.
Our effort in completing some relative aspects referring to printing of Romanian books, those
of savants’ contribution, then of intellectuals and, last but not least, of toilers in printing books in the
Romanian area, is based once more on the accomplishments of Old Romanian bibliography as for its
content and established period. We took into consideration, it goes without saying, contributions that
appeared over time and owed to Daniela Poenaru20, Dan Rapa-Buicliu21 or the more recent edition, that
we named BRVAC22 and published by CIMEC (Institute for Cultural Memory). To this fundamental
bibliography we also added bibliographies appeared in Hungary, throughout time because in some cases
they reveal unknown information for Romanian bibliography or, based on funds of old Romanian book
from Hungarian libraries, they usefully complete our research. We proposed so that in the estimated
period of time to confront the consulted bibliographies with specialized works appeared during the last
decades, out of which we selected those that represent the synthesis phase of the researches concerning
firsdy history of Romanian printing houses, and we stopped to 2008 (2009 in several cases).
Many preoccupations existed in the Romanian historiography, about the finite object — the
book, there existing lesser studies on the institution issuing the book — the printing house. History of
printing houses and its research hide numerous traps by absence or at least insufficiency of
documentary material, to which are added difficulties of such research such as- time and institution
within which this is conducted — archives from the inland and abroad. An important source of
information is represented by the books themselves, here Old Romanian bibliography still can supply
research of original copies.
Apparently, the idea that we inclined towards with great enthusiasm in 2006 didn’t seem to be
too much complicated. We proposed to select names of persons involved, the way they appear in Old
Romanian Bibliography, and we established categories of possibilities of their involvement, as well as
the role they had in publishing books. Following the alphabetical and chronological line, we selected
printings to which each of the collaborators involved made a contribution, we proposed valorization of
references and, last but not least, we proposed to realize a short biography of each person involved in
editing. Initially, we started, from the position of typographer, engraver, editor, patron and we also
added the translators. Throughout research, bibliography increased significandy, which had to be
interrogated and it became sufficiendy complicated to establish names correcdy as much as possible of
the master typographers and engravers. Particularities of onomastics specific to the Romanian area and
to the period (XVIth century- first three decades of the XIXth century) did not always allow realizing
short biographies to persons involved in printing of books, without any other questions being
addressed. That is why, future completions, new identifications, corrections will carry on further what
19 It was difficult for us to either eliminate or preserve some persons, who by concept of authors of Old Romanian bibliography
should or should not be part of the Repertoire, we ballanced each situation, without considering that we have, always, found
the ideal solution.
20 Daniela Poenaru, Contribut d la Bibliografía Romdneasca Veche, Tárgovi^te, 1973.
21 Dan Rapá-Buicliu, A.dditamenta la Bibliografía Romdneasca Veche, Galap, 2000.
22 Bibliografía romdneasca veches -C (Old Romanian Bibliography Ví-C), Bucure^ti, CIMEC, 2004.
10
we have started. Especially, archival researches still remain an actual and ahead imperative of culture and
civilization of Romanian book.
Starting from the form of the name most frequently encountered or established conventionally
by us or Old Romanian Bibliography, we entered in bold, beside the name, the role that each of the persons
listed in publishing of book had. For the position that the named persons had, we used the terms:
patron, editor, typographer and engraver as main attributes. Throughout research we also added, within
observations the feature of translator (edition supervisor, maybe corrector), printing house operator, which
sometimes confounded with the typographer.
Connotations of princely or ecclesiastical patronage may be observed, ever since the first books
printed by Macarie, from the first decades of the XVIth century. It gradually transforms, during the
activity of Coresi, into an interRomanian collaboration with important implications of the
representatives of the religious Reformation, aspect that can be followed also in Transylvania,
throughout the following century. In Walachia and Moldavia, it is remarked a strong interest showed for
book printing both by state authority and that of the church. In the XVIIIth century there already exist
conscious manifestations of censorship or at least of official, ecclesiastical and princely control, over the
editorial activity; for example, we have the situation with printing house from Ramnic. By a charter from
20 July 1742, „the New Agreement”, issued by Mihai Racovi^a at the request of metropolitan bishop
Neofit Criteanul, was established that before printing, any book had to be reported to superiors to gain
the approval of the metropolitan bishop, who had previous access to the manuscript that followed to
appear printed. This privilege obliged the bishops to obtain approval from the metropolitan bishop for
printing books in the episcopal printing houses23. Thus, we find on the majority of the books from the
epoch the name of the metropolitan bishop — patron of the printing, who, sometimes, was even backer,
next to the name of the bishop, as editor, who may also held the position of sponsor, more deeply
involved in the typographical act. The mentioned document is the evidence that the typographical
production, ever since these times, underwent censorship of highest ecclesiastical bodies. In direct
connection with exerting control of the Church over Romanian printing there must be noticed
involvement of the princes from the same area. Princely patronage may be identified on the title pages of
books or through dedications from forewords or prefaces. Princely patronage or control over editorial
plans is enacted later, in 1784, from when the two documents from July and August date, one is issued
by Mihai Sutu being addressed to the metropolitan bishop Gregory II, and the second to Filaret, bishop
of Ramnic. By the respective document, the ruler demanded to the two hierarchs of the church to be
presented to him any publication in Greek proposed for printing24. At that moment, laic control over
printing houses becomes law and it must be understood also in the case of other publications than the
Greek ones. In the majority of cases princes’ names accompany editorial data of books printed on the
Romanian territory. The phenomenon of „political” control — spiritual patronage from official
representative of the country or at least his invocation, be it Master or Prince, later on Emperor in the
case of Transylvania, embodies the most different forms, used most of times on the title page. It is
advisable to meditate upon situations on which, out of data offered by preface writer, it is not revealed
who financed printing of the Romanian books.
Observations rubric reveals information on books’ particularities, represents our notes on
obstacles encountered in the process for identification of books or quality of writing in bold letters. We
recorded, if necessary, which was the role of the person in question in the printing process —editing of
book.
Bibliography, our next rubric includes bibliographical references presented by siglas and
abbreviations, their list being at the end of the paper. To the extent in which possibilities allowed it, we
indicated also facsimile editions but especially critical editions that appeared.
Short biographies, named within this research Biographical references, are meant to provide short
presentations of all categories of collaborators to printing of books. As for the staff of printing houses,
their biography was more difficult to gather, in some cases existing only disparate pieces of information
23 Daniela Lupu, “Tipografia “greceasca” de la Ramnic in a doua jumatate a secolului al XVIII-lea”, in Valori bibliofile din
patrimonial cultural national. Valorificare, cercetare, 2006, p. 59, apud Tit Simedrea, Tiparul bucurepean de carte bisericeasca in anii 1740-
1750, in Biserica Ortodoxa Romdnd, LXXXIII, 1965, 9-10, p. 930-931.
24 Daniela Lupu, “Tipografia “greceasca”, p 59.
11
?
on pages of old books; other times we could pick up data gathered throughout older researches. We
introduced, here, also different forms of the name or abbreviations we have encountered. The obstacle
we had to surpass is owed to contractions of name or numerous forms of the name used by the
typographers, especially engravers, from where results also the possible cause of confusions between the
presented persons.
We endeavoured not to express insubstantial conclusions; we have always searched for logical
and provable solutions. Still, in the history of the Romanian printing exist, also at this time, when some
syntheses concerning history of some printing houses were written, enough unknowns owed to absence
of original documents or their indiscovery.
Following release of the first edition of the Kepertory from 2008, such it happens more than once,
we noticed some lacks, gaps or even mistakes in our collective work. We hoped that will be able to solve
at least a part of the drawbacks specific to beginning, which happens on this occasion. We resumed issue
segments and we added some works, books and essential studies from biography appeared between 2008
and 2012 to complete our cards as for typographers, engravers, patrons and editors or books that they
contributed to. The way we ended also the first edition, neither today we consider this second edition
definitely complete because some undiscovered or uninvestigated archival sources will definitely bring
new information useful to this theme. In case a possible electronic variant is released, corrections and
completions are welcome. I end by paraphrasing the chronicler, I have written with a hand of dust and ashes,
not a sainfs one...
Eva Márza
Translated by Adina Bogdan
12
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| genre | (DE-588)4188171-0 Verzeichnis gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Verzeichnis |
| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV045234946 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:12:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786068520209 9786066161022 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030623247 |
| oclc_num | 1073178207 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 305 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Astra Museum |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) coordonator: Eva Mârza, Florin Bogdan Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) Ediţia a II-a, revizuită şi adăugită Sibiu Astra Museum 2013 Sibiu Techno Media 305 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung auf Englisch Geschichte 1508-1830 gnd rswk-swf Buch (DE-588)4008570-3 gnd rswk-swf Drucker (DE-588)4013091-5 gnd rswk-swf Verleger (DE-588)4138343-6 gnd rswk-swf Schriftsetzer (DE-588)4180006-0 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Carte veche / România / 1508-1830 Gravori / România / 1508-1830 Edituri / România / 1508-1830 Tipografi / România / 1508-1830 Istoria cărţii / România (DE-588)4188171-0 Verzeichnis gnd-content Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Buch (DE-588)4008570-3 s Drucker (DE-588)4013091-5 s Schriftsetzer (DE-588)4180006-0 s Verleger (DE-588)4138343-6 s Geschichte 1508-1830 z DE-604 Mârza, Eva 1948- (DE-588)120796899 edt Bogdan, Florin ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1171365012 edt Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030623247&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) Buch (DE-588)4008570-3 gnd Drucker (DE-588)4013091-5 gnd Verleger (DE-588)4138343-6 gnd Schriftsetzer (DE-588)4180006-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4008570-3 (DE-588)4013091-5 (DE-588)4138343-6 (DE-588)4180006-0 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4188171-0 |
| title | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) |
| title_alt | Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) |
| title_auth | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) |
| title_exact_search | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) |
| title_full | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) coordonator: Eva Mârza, Florin Bogdan |
| title_fullStr | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) coordonator: Eva Mârza, Florin Bogdan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) coordonator: Eva Mârza, Florin Bogdan |
| title_short | Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti |
| title_sort | repertoriul tipografilor gravorilor patronilor editorilor cartilor romanesti 1508 1830 repertory of typographers editors engravers patrons of romanian books 1508 1830 |
| title_sub | (1508-1830) = Repertory of typographers, editors, engravers, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830) |
| topic | Buch (DE-588)4008570-3 gnd Drucker (DE-588)4013091-5 gnd Verleger (DE-588)4138343-6 gnd Schriftsetzer (DE-588)4180006-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Buch Drucker Verleger Schriftsetzer Rumänien Verzeichnis |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030623247&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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