"Nechtění" spoluobčané: skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Czech |
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Praha
Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů
2018
Liberec Technická univerzita v Liberci |
| Edition: | Vydání první |
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister |
| Physical Description: | 254 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9788088292067 9788074944215 |
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Pfedmluva ..............................................................7
„Nechteni“ spoluobcane z obecne perspektivy
Robert Kvacek - Slovo na üvod .......................................12
Jan Rychlik - Kdo patfil a kdo nepatfil do ceskoslovenskeho (pracujiciho) lidu ... 14
„(Ne)chtene“ mensiny
Katerina Portmann - „Jednou Nemec. Vzdycky Nemec “ Nemecky mluvici
obyvatelstvo v Ceskoslovensku po druhe svetove välce ... 28
Stefan Sutaj - Madarskä mensina v povojnovom Ceskoslovensku. Co by sme mali
vedief o postaveni Madarov v povojnovom Ceskoslovensku .. 44
Dalibor Stätnik - Rusini Prjasevsciny. Krätke zamysleni nad närodnostnlmi
pomery severovychodniho Slovenska ..................... 86
Helena Sadilkovä ~ (Ne)chteni spoluobcane?
Romove v povälecnem Ceskoslovensku .................. 98
Jakub Mlynäf - „To j sme vsechny mely ten pocit: musime se toho zbavit,
musime na to zapomenout.“ Reflexe pfipominäni holocaustu
v rozhovorech s cesko-slovenskymi pf ezivsimi .........116
„Nechteni“ spoluobcane v pfipadovych studiich
Matej Medvecky - Perzekücie a procesy v Ceskoslovensku 1948-1989 .... 132
Frantisek Bärtik - Täbory pro nesvobodne pracovni sily zfizene
v oblastech produkce uranove rudy .....................142
Jan Seidl - Homosexuälove v Ceskoslovensku v letech 1945-1989 .......154
Marcela Strouhalovä - Chtene knihy nechtenych osob. Konfiskace knih
z nepfätelskeho majetku po roce 1945 ...........166
5
„Nechteni“ spoluobcane ve vyuce a ve filmu
Jaroslav Pinkas - Identity v dejepisne vyuce ........................186
Petr Bednarik - „Nechteni obcane“ ve filmu za tzv. normalizace ......194
Jan Barta - Magdalena, Lucin a Nadeje. Nechtena dvojice na okraji v umelecke
reflexi Jana Prochazky - pffspevek k tematizaci alkoholismu
a prostituce v ceskoslovenskem filmu 50. a 60. let ...................216
Summaries ........................................................... 234
Prehled autorii ..................................................... 244
Seznam zkratek ...................................................... 246
Osobni rejstrik ..................................................... 250
6
Summaries
Unwanted Fellow Citizens: Groups of Citizens Persecuted or Marginalized
for Political, Ethnical, Religious or Other Reasons between 1945 and 1989
A Word of Introduction
This text, originally an opening speech at a Liberec colloquium, presents some per-
sonal reflections on the topic of unwanted fellow citizens, focusing on the position
of the deported German population in their new homeland. The author calls at-
tention to the fact that post-war Germany offered a rather cold welcome: seventy
percent of those repatriated, not only from Czechoslovakia but also from elsewhere
(those arriving from the Poznan region and the Ukraine faced the strongest aver-
sion) were settled in rural areas. Inhabitants of the German countryside often dealt
with those newly arriving as if they were almost inferior, and they did not believe
those arriving from the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic what they claimed about
their former social life, standing and standard of life. These new citizens kept try-
ing to relocate to the towns, those however, tried to resist their efforts. Nevertheless,
over time, the situation normalized. Relocated Germans received some support in
the form of “reparation”, which was also referred to as “making up for the burden.” It
was characteristic of the situation, however, that this form of support was met with
strong criticism amongst the original residents; they saw it as an act of generosity.
The support also did not lead to an equalizing of social status, West German society
became stratified in terms of property ownership, even in the German Democrat-
ic Republic. Yet, the number of those longing to leave their still cold new land for
their earlier homeland progressively decreased, especially when the latter became a
Soviet-style society. Any return then presupposed a prior change of regime. In Bava-
ria, for example, the “refugee problem” was considered to have been solved through
successful integration.
• Robert Kvacek
Who Was and Who Was Not Included in the Phrase
Czechoslovak (Working) People
This essay deals with the question who belonged or did not belong to the group of
people referred to as “Czechoslovak People”, paying special attention to the develop-
ment of the word “lid” in Czech and Slovak discourse. The word has become discred-
234
ited thanks to its excessive use during the forty years of the so-called socialist system,
and is thus no longer can be found in official political manifestos or the speeches of
statesmen. After the downfall of the communist régime, when difficult negotiations
were held about the future form of the Czechoslovak state, the expression did not
gain any rehabilitation, not only because it was regarded as a relic of Marxist-Lenin-
ist ideology, but also as it did not fit the Framework of two nation states. In contrast,
the term “lid” was a frequently used expression of the political discurse both of polit-
ical theory and journalism, similarly to “unity” (“jednota”) and “nation” (“narod”).
In fact, the expression “lid” was, in essence, used as a synonym of “narod”. From
February 1948 onwards, however, the expression “people” (“lid”) was progressively
substituted by “working people” (“pracujici narod”). The élite of the “people” was
supposed to be above else the working class, yet, socialist sociology had increasingly
serious problems with the term “worker” (“dëlnik”), as it was not certain who be-
longs to this category. It was apparent, for example, in the case of those people who
were expelled from the category of “people” after 1948 as members of the “exploit-
ing classes,” since these people, after their means of production were expropriated,
were no longer members of the bourgeoisie from a strictly social perspective. On
the contrary, they sank down to the “working class”, and usually to its unqualified
part. As it was no longer possible to marginalize the “exploiting classes” since they
were no longer present, the régime had to use other means sideline the “enemy”:
they expelled the so-called “former people” or “previous people” (“bÿvali lidé”) from
amongst the “people”. The paper further discusses who could become a member of
the categories “working people” and “former people”, and other what conditions.
• Jan Rychlik
“Once a German, Always a German.” The German-speaking Inhabitants
of Czechoslovakia after the Second World War
This paper analyzes the situation of the German-speaking inhabitants of post-war
Czechoslovakia. One of the main aims of post-war state politics, formulated already
during the Czechoslovak government’s period in exile, was to create an ethnical-
ly homogeneous state of Czechs and Slovak, which, in the case of German inhab-
itants, they managed to achieve to a large extent. At the end of the Second World
War, 3,000,000 people living on the territory of Czechoslovakia were considered by
state authorities to be of German origin. A large majority of these were forcefully
deported by the end of the year 1946. The latest estimates for the number of those
who left the country through deportations during the so-called “wild expulsion,”
he. before the international approval of the transfers at the Potsdam Conference in
August 1945, is between 800,000 and 1,000,000 people. The course of expulsion
235
in this phase was considerably affected by violence and brutality. Three groups of
German-speaking inhabitants could avoid deportation. The most numerous group
was that of the so-called specialists, who, however, tended to be people necessary
for the state for economic reasons, rather than top experts. Those living in ethnical-
ly mixed marriages belonged to the second group, and the third group was made
up of people who could manage to gain the status of anti-fascists. The fate of those
German-speaking inhabitants who stayed in Czechoslovakia was substantially influ-
enced by developments of the Cold War. In 1953, these people were returned their
Czechoslovak citizenship in a global, universal and in some ways forcible manner.
This, however, did not mean that they would receive any kind of minority rights. A
certain qualitative change can be detected in connection with the Prague Spring,
when the “Constitutional Act on the Position of Ethnicities in the Czechoslovak So-
cialist Republic” came into power, and the Cultural Association of Ethnically Ger-
man Citizens was established in its wake. The number of citizens claim a German
ethnicity is progressively decreasing. At the last census in 2011, according to the data
provided by the Czech Statistical Office, 18 658 citizens (0.2%) listed their nationality
as German.
• Katerina Portmann
The Hungarian Minority in Post-War Czechoslovakia (What Is There to
Know about the Situation of Hungarians in Post-War Czechoslovakia)
The present essay deals with the situation of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia af-
ter the Second World War. The relationship of Hungarian and Slovakian inhabitants
was influenced by the Magyarization of Slovakian inhabitants during the existence
of Austria-Hungary, which had happened partially as through natural assimilation,
and partially as a forcible process of assimilation under the influence of the adminis-
trative measures of state authorities. The establishment of the Czechoslovak Repub-
lic considerably changed the situation of those inhabitants of the new country who
claimed to have a Hungarian nationality and had Hungarian ethnic sentiments. In-
stead of being a part of the governing Hungarian nation of the Kingdom of Hungary,
they became a minority who had to “fight” for their status. Not only Hungary itself,
but also many Hungarians living outside the new borders of the country understood
the separation from the mother country after the First World War as a temporary
one. This is why, their majority enthusiastically welcomed the results of the First Vi-
enna Arbitration in November 1938 and the joining of Southern Slovakia to Hunga-
ry. The defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies in the Second World War also meant the
rejoining of separated territories at the South of Slovakia to Czechoslovakia and a
change in the situation of Hungarian inhabitants. The essay discusses in detail the
236
forms and concepts of resolving the “Hungarian question” after the Second World
War, including the efforts to achieve their deportation similarly to German inhabi-
tants. It further analyzes the exchange of inhabitants between Czechoslovakia and
Hungary, the issue of Hungarian inhabitants citizenship, the attempts at “Re-Slova-
kizing” part of the Hungarian population, the forced resettlement of Hungarians for
labor in the Czech lands, the confiscation of the property of Hungarians in Slovakia,
and their sanctioning through judicial processes of retribution. In conclusion, the
paper summarizes the political agenda of the communist régime towards the Hun-
garian minority in Slovakia after 1948.
• Stefan Sutaj
Rusyns of Pqasevscina. Short Reflections on the Ethnic Relations
of North-Eastern Slovakia
The former Carpathian Ruthenia, today’s Zakarpattia Oblast, has drawn the atten-
tion of the Czech public since 1989, probably also for reasons of rancour. The eth-
nographically and ethnically related neighboring area of North-Eastern Slovakia,
also populated by Rusyns, which is called “Prjasevscina” after the Rusyn name of the
region’s capital, Presov, however, is not usually a topic of public interest. The histo-
ry of this region has been different since 1918 when the temporary border between
Carpathian Ruthenia and Czechoslovakia was set. This border has not changed sig-
nificantly ever since. First of all, as opposed to Carpathian Ruthenia, this territory
remained a part of the restored Czechoslovakia even after 1945. A general econom-
ic, social and cultural backwardness, as well as the related factor of a belated de-
velopment of national consciousness and sentiment, were common for the whole
Carpatho-Ruthenian settlement area, regardless of which side of the border one is
talking about, showing signs of a peripheiy. This retarded development meant that
Rusyns (also at times called as Carpathian Rusyns), who were also claimed as their
own by the progressively strengthening Ukrainian nationalism since the end of the
19th century, missed the decisive period of forming new nations, and their nation-
al awakening stopped halfway. In fact, the codification of the Rusyn language hap-
pened only after 1990. After 1948, this territory was afflicted by an especially cruel
collectivization, coupled with the so-called orthodoxization, when the Greek Catho-
lic Church was banned in April, 1950. This church had been the Rusyn people’s only
protector, support and representative organ, as faith had been their most import-
ant feature of (self-)identity. This was followed by a forced Ukrainization of schools
and eventually the Ukrainian language displaced the formally used “jazycie” or Car-
pathain Ruthenian language, which had been a mixture of Church Slavonic, accom-
modated Russian and local dialects. Even the Prague Spring did not bring funda-
237
mental change beyond the reestablishment of the Uniate Church. Such a change was
brought by the year 1989 when all othe problems that had been hibernated by the
period of normalization resurfaced, such as the relationship between the Orthodox
and the Greek Catholic Church, and above all else the conflicts between a Rusyn and
a Ukrainian orientation.
• Dalibor Statnik
(Un) wan ted Fellow Citizens? The Romani People
in Post-War Czechoslovakia
This essay provides a summarizing overview of the changes of central policies in re-
lation to the Roma on Czech territories from 1945 to the beginning of the 1970s, and
what has been so far established about the approach of Czech society to Romani
people and its impact on local social practice. In this regard, the paper traces - to
the extent it is possible based on research projects carried out so far - the approach-
es used by local authorities who received the imperative to implement centrally
planned policies, or rather the imperative to somehow negotiate their implemen-
tation in the context of local relations and existing practice, as well as the approach
of “everyday citizens” and their attitudes to Roma migrants from Slovakia or local
Roma survivors and their offspring. Besides discussing sources of non-Romani ori-
gin used by a majority of historical essays, which are often, although not exclusively,
of a bureaucratic nature, this paper also briefly introduces the character of various
sources of Romani origin, most importantly those of oral history, which provide an
opportunity to witness the heterogeneity of attitudes and situations, and the result-
ing interethnic relations of an often overly generalized group, which was called by
people in the period as “gypsy inhabitants”. It thus calls attention to the contextu-
ally and individually variable extent and character of various Romani individuals’
and groups’ being (un)wanted by various non-Romani subjects, and to the resulting
heterogeneity of Roma people’s experience with “the communist régime” and the
equally varying ways of its appraisal by living Romani witnesses of the period.
• Helena Sadílková
“We Had this Feeling: We Have to Get Rid of It, We Have to Forget
about It”: Reflections on Remembering the Holocaust in Interviews
with Czech and Slovak Survivors
During the last few decades tens of thousands of audiovisual interviews were re-
corded focusing on reflections of the events of the Holocaust. The archives of these
recordings provide unique insights into the past through the narration of people
238
I
who survived this genocide. They also indicate their personal attitudes, opinions
and views at the moment of the interview’s recording. Amongst others, it is possi-
ble to observe the various stands these witnesses of history take about the post-war
commemoration of the Holocaust. In my contribution, I present a basic framework
for tacking the topics of remembering and commemorating the Holocaust which
has resulted from an analysis of selected archived interviews. The act of post-war
commemoration should be understood as a part of the newly emerging identity of
the holocaust survivor. A subjectively different experience of the Second World War
belongs above all else to the attributes of this identity, leading to taking differing
stances about recounting personal experiences of the war, the motivation for which
is also subject to progressive changes. In this context, three basic commemorative
frameworks arise from the narration of survivors: (1) the personal dimension; (2)
the collective dimension; (3) the public dimension. The diverse acts of commemora-
tion (e.g. writing, meetings of survivors, memorial events) can be found in the inter-
sections of these general frameworks. I use excerpts from audiovisual interviews to
illustrate the main characteristics of the topic, and I also remark on some methodo-
logical limitations of working with archived oral histoiy.
• Jakub Mlynáf
Persecution and Political Trials in Czechoslovakia
between 1948 and 1989
During the existence of the communist régime in Czechoslovakia, many different
forms of sanctions existed against the country’s citizens. We can distinguish various
types of these sanctions based on the criteria we use for their assessment. We can
distinguish judicial and non-judicial forms, proceedings against individuals, fam-
ilies or other small groups of people vs those against whole social classes or other
major groups, proceedings of a political nature vs those with an economic motiva-
tion, and certainly other such categories could be found as well. The prosecution of
people was primarily based on the dominant ideology’s dogmatic world view, which
regarded certain groups of people as a priori enemies, and demanded an absolute
loyalty without any willingness to tolerate differing opinions. Nevertheless, other
layers could be added progressively to this basic factor of motivation, starting with
an official’s or any other person’s personal initiative, yet still acting for ideological
reasons, all the way up to settling one’s accounts with somebody, in which case the
motivation of the proceeding’s initiator is explicitly personal. At the same time, it is
also possible to perceive, primarily during the first years of the régime’s existence,
as a natural part of its efforts to solidify its power, as this is a usual part of the court
proceedings following the seizing of the power of state by each group or movement
239
with authoritarian or totalitarian tendencies. The various categories, however, in
most cases, tend to overlap.
• Matej Medvecky
Forced Labor Camps Established at Territories
of Uranium Ore Production
The Czechoslovak uranium industry also used forced labor besides civilian (core)
employees. Three types of camps can be distinguished on the territory of the pre-
sent-day Czech Republic built at places of uranium mining between 1946 and 1953.
The first camps were built for German prisoners of war. They can be further sub-
divided into camps for prisoners of war transferred to the Jachymov, Slavkov and
Pribram regions from the Soviet Union, and camps for those who were imprisoned
locally. Between 1946 and 1950, up to 5,000 German prisoners of war passed throu-
gh these camps. The other two types of camps were already established by the co-
mmunist régime in a strict sense. At the beginning, they were forced labor camps,
which existed at uranium mines in the Jachymov and Pribram region between 1949
and 1951. Approximtely 5,000 prisoners passed through them. The lat type of camp
was identified as Correctional Work Camp. These were established in the environs
of Jachymov, Horni Slavkov and Pribram between 1949 and 1953* As a result of the
depletion of deposits and amnesties these camps were gradually abolished. From
1961 onwards only the Bytlz Correctional and Educational Facility and prison re-
mained where the prisoners’ work was used by the uranium industry until 1986. On
the basis of reasonable estimates i tis possible to put the number of forced laborers
who passed through these camps at around 90,000 people.
• Frantisek Bârtik
Homosexuals in Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1989
The essay presents the characteristics of the life of the homosexual minority in
Czechoslovakia during the long period from the end of the Second World War to
the fall of the communist régime. The main focus is primarily on the development
of the legal position of this minority, more specifically the forms of their persecution
and their attempts of resistence, and to a lower extent on the everyday life of the
members of this group of people. The histoiy or living memory of the homosexual
minority in the Czech Republic has been a subject of interest of both professional
and amateur historiography practically for the whoe period following the régime
change. In the nineties, this research took the form of memoires and journalistic
publications, in close connection with the LGBT emancipation movement of the
240
period (primarily Zdenëk Zeman and Jiri Fanel). Roughly from 2000 onwards, the
focus of research was transferred to the academic community (Martin C. Putna, Vera
Sokolova, Franz Schindler, Jan Seidl) the output of which peaked in three edited vo-
lumes published between 2011 and 2013. The main driving force of contemporary
research is the first institution in this field of studies, the Society for Queer Memory
(established in 2013), aiming at combining a communitarian approach with aca-
demic rigour. Parallel with these, research of LGBT history has also started in Slova-
kia (Jana Jablonickâ Zezulovâ).
• Jan Seidl
Wanted Books of Unwanted People: The Confiscation of Books
from Enemy Posessions after 1945
After the Second World War, in accordance with the decrees of the president, a pro-
cess of procuring and subsequently confiscating the possessions of “enemy citizens”
took place. Besides real property, which was the main focus of historical research
in the past, millions of pieces of personal property were also procured, including,
amongst others, objects of cultural or historical value. In the last few years, an in-
terest in these somewhat specific type of possessions has been at the forefront of
research. Yet, practically no attention has been paid so far to books and libraries. It
is apparent from those source known so far that at least fifteen million books were
confiscated. Those books have had a variety of different fates: a large amount of
those books can be found in public libraries, part of them were sold abroad, and an
uncertain amount of books was destroyed. The present essay surveys basic mecha-
nisms of confiscating books from “unwanted” people after 1945. Besides providing a
brief analysis of legal regulations and the process of confiscation itself, it also aims
to identify in brief the main institutions participating in the confiscation.
• Marcela Strouhalova
Identity in the Teaching of History
This essay is a reflection on the issue of identity and values linked to it in contem-
porary history education. In its introductory part, the paper analyzes the narrative
of history textbooks in terms of their preferred and neglected subjects, and pays at-
tention to a shift from national to social categories in their definition of subjects. In
its subsequent parts, the paper suggests a strategy which moves attention from the
“core” of identities to their “margins”, that is, it recommends focusing on borderline
cases which rather problematize than support these “big” categories. Although it
calls attention to the risks of deconstructing traditional frameworks of identity, it
241
also emphasizes that these veiy frameworks are undergoing radical changes as a re-
sult of globalization irrespective of educational policies. In its conclusion, the paper
points out history education’s framework of values is not provided by an ethnically
Czech national tradition, but by constitutional patriotism consisting in an emphasis
on democratic and human rights.
• Jaroslav Pinkas
“Unwanted Citizens” in Films of the So-Called Normalization
This essay deals with Czech films from the period of so-called normalization which
pursued the topics of alcoholism, drug addiction, therapeutic boarding schools, fos-
ter homes and the life of Romanis. Depicting these subject areas was, in some ways,
also tabooed, as it showed that socialist society also had problems it could not really
solve. Only a small amounts of films were created within the framework of the so-
called normalization film industry, it is nevertheless possible to illustrate on the ba-
sis of them how filmmakers approached their representation. At the same time, it is
also possible to observe how this representation changed in the period of Perestroj-
ka. The issue of alcoholism was depicted in the films Divka s musli, Hadijed, Lukâs and
Dobri holubi se vraceji. These films showed how alcohol influences the human psyche
and destroys interpersonal relationships. At the same time, they creators were rath-
er skeptical about the possibility that an alcoholic could overcome their addiction.
The functioning of therapeutic boarding schools was shown in Pomerancovy kluky
and most importantly in Zâmek Nekonecno, which showed the negative phenome-
na in the operation of these institutions in a considerably critical manner. The film
Mravenci nesou smrt was a crime story about an investigation of drug dealers. Unfor-
tunately, however, the film aimed unsuccessfully at imitating similar productions
from the West. Zdenek Zaoral’s film Pavucina received very positive reviews at the
time of its production. The film focused on the issue of drug addiction and was very
difficult to make, since its director had to work on it under the conditions of ama-
teur cinema for several years until he received an opportunity during Perestrojka to
finish it in the Gottwaldov Film Studio. After its premiere in 1987 the film became a
favorite of filmgoers, attracting more than a million viewers to cinemas. Roma char-
acters appeared in the films Stav ztroskotâni, Dobré svét/o, Radikâlni fez and Kdo se boji,
utikâ. The crime stoiy Radikâîni fez aimed to show the problems of the Roma minori-
ty in the period, but contemporary reviews had serious objections about the film.
The film Kdo se boji, utikâ was inspired by the personality Miroslav Dëdic who spe-
cialized at the education of the Romani in Southern Bohemia in the post-war period
• Petr Bednarik
242
Osobni rejstrik
A
Adam Jân 87
Adamecjifi 195,200
Anderson Benedict 188
Apponyi Albert 88
Arburg Adrian von 29,35,40
Askenazy Ludvik 205
Augé Marc 124
B
Bajcuralvan 87
Bakulin Ivan 144
Balik Jaroslav 230
Barnovskÿ Michal 55
Bartajan 9
Bartik Frantisek 9
Barton Keith 189
Bârtovâ Dagmar 160,161
Bartusek Michal 210
Becka Josef 170,171
BednafikPetr 9
Beer Fritz 190
Benes Edvard 31,46,47, 66,82
Benes Zdenëk 186
Bernard Jan 204
Blanarovicova Yvetta 206,209
Blumenfeld Pavel 219
BocaJan 62
Bocan Hynek 202
Bocek Jaroslav 213
Borza Peter 87
Brabec Jaroslav 209
Brandt MUDr. 143
Brecht Bertold 24
Brodsky Vlastimil 195
Brynych Zbynëk 210
Brzek Antonín 161
Brzobohaty Radoslav 202
Bunza Bohumir 37
C
Cibulkova Vilma 195
Cikan Miroslav 226
Clarkova Katerina 224
dementis Vladimir 82
Coranic Jaroslav 87
Curie-Sklodowskâ Marie 142
C
Capek Karel 13
Carnogurskyjan 14
Cech Vladimir 230
Cepek Petr 200, 209
CermâkLudëk 207,213
Cefovsky Frantisek 155
Cefovsky Milos 155
D
Dédie Miroslav 208,215,242
Derfinak Patrik 87
Dobrjanskÿ Adolf 88
Dolezalova Ivana 201
Dubcek Alexander 23
Duchnovic Alexandr 88
Duris Julius 68
Dusek Zdenëk 211
Dvorcsak Viktor 91
E
EakinPaulJ. 122
Eichmann Adolf 120
EiynckAdreas 13
ErbanEvzen no
Erban Vaclav 211,213
Esterhazy Jänos 45
F
Fäbrylstvän 58,80
Facuna Anton 112
Fanei Jifi 154, 240
Fiala Milos 222
Fidelius Petr viz Palek Karel
Fidlerovä Radka 211
Fierlinger Zdenek 47
Filip Frantisek 195
Forman Milos 201
Franc Martin 226
Frankl Michal 190
Frej Ladislav 196
FrejkaLudvik (püvodnim jmenem
Ludwig Freund) 35
Freund Kurt 156-159
Freund Ludwig viz Frejka Ludvlk
Fric Martin 195, 226
Frolikjan 163
FurkoväZita 209
G
Gajdos Marian 87
Gojdic Pavol 90
Gorkij Maxim (vlastnim jmenem
Alexej Maximovic Peskov) 12
Gottwald Klement 37,150
Gracovä Blazena 186
Greimas Algirdas 186
GyöngyösiJänos 82
H
Halaga Ondrej R. 87
Haller Antonín 177
Hallstein Walter 40
Hanibaljifi 202
Haraksim Ludovit 87
Harbul ová Lubica 87
Havel Václav 14
HegeroväHana 217,223
Heitlingerová Alena 120
Helge Ladislav 227
Henlein Konrad 35
Hermánek Karel 197, 206
Hitler Adolf 38,121
Höger Karel 22y, 229
Holomek Miroslav 108
Holomek Tomás 110
Holy Tomás 208
Horák (statkár zLískovce) 177
Horáková Milada 134
Hrabal Bohumil 175, 206
Hradilák Zdenek 204
Hrubín Frantisek 229
Hrusínsky Rudolf 200, 217, 227, 230
Hrusínsky Rudolf ml. 201
HubacJirí 195
Hubálek Slavomil 160,161
HulíkStepán 194
Hünigen Edmund 35
HusákGustáv 23,78
Húsekján 89-92,96
Ch
Charvátová Irena 197,198
Chlupácek Alois 177
Chruscov Nikita Sergejevic 94,134
J
Jablonická Zezulová Jana 154,155i 241
Jachiewicz Alicja 200
Jachnin Boris 219
Jakoubek Marek 8
Jamek Václav 162,164
251
Jandäk Vitezslav 204, 205
JasnyVojtech 199
Jeriovä Anezka 39
Jockusch Laura 119
JohnRadek 211,213
Jurcisinovä Nadezda 87
K
Kädärjän 199,226,228
Kafka Franz 223
Kahuda Frantisek 228
Kachyna Karel 216,217, 223,224, 230
Kaplanovä Dita 196,197
Karika Gustav 111
Klein Dusan 200-202,205-209
Klima Josef 206,207
Kliment Jan 199
Klos Elmar 226, 228
Knapikjifi 226
Knazko Milan 200
Koläroväjaromira 196
Kolder Drahomir 223
Konecny Stanislav 87
Kopfiva Antonín 203,205
Kopfiva Ladislav 19
KosekOtakar 199
Koslk Karel 223
Kostka Petr 203
Koura Petr 194
Kova! Peter 87
Kraus Ota 125
KrausoväA. 173
Krejcikjifl 230
KrejcikZdenek 170
KremerVilem 171
Krska Vaclav 226, 227
Kruta Ferdinand 197
Kxychtälek Vladimir 18
KrenekPetr 199
Kfiz Pavel 203, 205, 208
Kubicek Vladimir 211
KuceraJaroslav 40
Kudrna Tomás 208
Kuglerjózsef 58
KulicMichal 211
KulichováEva 211
Kvacek Robert 8
L
Labuda Marián 201
Lackovic Otto 205,209
Langer-Schroll Eduard 172
Langmiler Josef 204
Lázoková Margita 108
LeeAng 191
Levstiková Linda 189
Liehm Antonín Jaroslav 223
Lórincz Gyula 58, 80
Louzenskyjifí 163
Löwenstein dr. 177
M
Magocsi Paul R. 87, 91, 94-96
Machácek Miroslav 201,211
Major István 58
Makovicka Drahoslav 202
Malinskÿ Frantisek 177
Marcus Alan 191
Marx Karel 17,222
Matásek David 203,205
Matëjka Václav 203
Mathausová Milena 200
Matyás Imrich 155
Mayerová Carmen 203
Medrická Dana 197
Medveckÿ Matej 9
Melounek Pavel 205,209
Mensik Vladimir 201,195,226
252
Mësfan Vojtëch 210
Mikulâs Marek 200
Misaf Karel 202
Mistrikjân 199
Miskovâ Vëra 204, 210,213
Mlynârjakub 9
Mokrejs Antonín 124
MunzarLudëk 208
Musinka Mikulâs (Mykola) 87
N
Nedoma Karel 157,158
Netusil Daniel 203
NosekVâclav 19,57
Novak Ivo 224,225
Novotny Antonín 22,
Novotny Petr 203,222,223
O
Okâli Daniel 58, 66
OlmerVit 206
Ornestjiri 204
P
Palek Karel
(pseudonym Petr Fidelius) 16
Pavlovic Alexandr 88
Pechâcek Ladislav 200, 208
Pekâr Martin 87
Petljura Symon 93
Pinkas Jaroslav 9
Pinkava Vâclav 157,159
Podskalskÿ Zdenëk 230
Pohl Josef 208
Portmann Katerina 8
Potmësil Ladislav 202
Prochâzkalvo 161
Prochâzka Jan 9,216, 217, 219, 221-225,
229-231,243
Pursjifi 194
Putna Martin C. 154,241
R
Rabay Ferenc 58
Racekllja 207
Rais Stefan 19
Rajewsky prof. 143
Räz Vladimir 226
Rejzekjan 197
Rethylstvän 58
Ripka Hubert 144
Roden Karel 195,205
Ropogjozsef 207
Rubes Jaromir 211
Runciman Walter 92
Rüzek Martin 228
RüzickaCenek 103
Rüzicka Leon 107
Rychlikjan 8, 91
Rychlikovä Magdalena 91
ft
RehofZdenek 201
Riha Bohumil 199
S
Sadilkovä Helena 8
Seidl Jan 9,154,241
Seixas Peter 189
Scheybal Josef 166,170-178,180
Schindler Franz 154,156,158,241
Schmitt Jan 174
Skaiski Boleslav 206
Skalsky Stepän 219
Slansky Rudolf 35
Smolik Frantisek 226
Snyder Timothy 7,42
Sokolova Vera 154,156,241
253
Somrjosef 200
Sovákjirí 226
Spielberg Steven 192
Spumy Matëj 106,112,113
Srb Vladimir 108
StalinJosifVissarionovic 86,138,150
Stanëk Tomás 29,40
Státník Dalibor 9
Steimarová Evelyna 196
Stein Eric 14
Steklÿ Václav 170
Storchová Marie 207
Strouhalová Marcela 9
Suchafipa David 205
Svetoñján 62
Svobodajifí 196,197
Svobodová Ilona 197
S
ScukaEmil 207
Siroky Viliam 93
Smidmajer Miloslav 201
Stëpânek Zdenëk 226
Sturák Peter 87
Sutaj Stefan 8
SvédaPetr 206
Svorc Peter 87
U
Uldrich Frantisek 198
Ulicny Ferdinand 87
V
VackeVojtëch 206
Vanatlvan 87
VâvraOtakar 229
VetchÿOndrej 205
Vik Karel 170
Vinklaf Josef 197,198
Virostkovâ Anna 87
Vitek Vladimir 210
Vlâcil Frantisek 197-199
Volosinov Valentin Nikolajevic 92
Vondrâcek Vladimir 156
Vorosilov Kliment Jefremovic 51
Vydra Miloslav 196
Vychopen Daniel 199
W
Weber Rudolf 35
Weiss Jiri 205,206
Wieviorka Annette 119,120
Wilde Oscar 160
WineburgSam 192
Wirth Zdenëk 166,172,173,176
T
Tajták Ladislav 87
Tandlerová Elvira 38
Tasinato Ota 157
Titojozip Broz 138
TofiSagvan 206
Tokárová Zuzana 87
Tomásová Irena 108
TomsováAnna 206
Ray S
ns .he
Z
Zahajskyjifi 211
ZaoralZdenek 211-213,215,242
Zaoralová Eva 197,198
Zednicek Pavel 201
ZelenkaOtto 195
Zelenková Bohumila 195
Zeman Zdenëk 154,160,240
Z
Zingor Viliam 140
254
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Portmann, Kateřina 1976- |
| author2 | Pažout, Jaroslav 1974- Portmann, Kateřina 1976- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | j p jp k p kp |
| author_GND | (DE-588)136620469 (DE-588)1165192497 |
| author_facet | Portmann, Kateřina 1976- Pažout, Jaroslav 1974- Portmann, Kateřina 1976- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Portmann, Kateřina 1976- |
| author_variant | k p kp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045223962 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1057674601 (DE-599)BVBBV045223962 |
| edition | Vydání první |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV045223962 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:12:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16015883-7 (DE-588)5189547-X |
| isbn | 9788088292067 9788074944215 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030612503 |
| oclc_num | 1057674601 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M457 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-M457 DE-12 |
| physical | 254 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů Technická univerzita v Liberci |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 Jaroslav Pažout, Kateřina Portmann (eds.) Unwanted fellow citizens Vydání první Praha Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů 2018 Liberec Technická univerzita v Liberci 254 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassungen der Beiträge auf Englisch Geschichte 1945-1989 gnd rswk-swf Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd rswk-swf Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrenzung (DE-588)4300539-1 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 s Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 s Ausgrenzung (DE-588)4300539-1 s Geschichte 1945-1989 z DE-604 Pažout, Jaroslav 1974- (DE-588)136620469 edt Portmann, Kateřina 1976- (DE-588)1165192497 edt aut Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů (DE-588)16015883-7 isb Technická univerzita v Liberci (DE-588)5189547-X isb Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030612503&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030612503&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030612503&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Portmann, Kateřina 1976- "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd Ausgrenzung (DE-588)4300539-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046565-2 (DE-588)4752223-9 (DE-588)4300539-1 (DE-588)4078435-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 |
| title_alt | Unwanted fellow citizens |
| title_auth | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 |
| title_exact_search | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 |
| title_full | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 Jaroslav Pažout, Kateřina Portmann (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 Jaroslav Pažout, Kateřina Portmann (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | "Nechtění" spoluobčané skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 Jaroslav Pažout, Kateřina Portmann (eds.) |
| title_short | "Nechtění" spoluobčané |
| title_sort | nechteni spoluobcane skupiny obyvatel perzekvovanych ci marginalizovanych z politickych narodnostnich nabozenskych i jinych duvodu v letech 1945 1989 unwanted fellow citizens groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political ethnical religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 |
| title_sub | skupiny obyvatel perzekvovaných či marginalizovaných z politických, národnostních, náboženských i jiných důvodů v letech 1945-1989 = Unwanted fellow citizens : groups of citizens persecuted or marginalized for political, ethnical, religious or other reasons between 1945 and 1989 |
| topic | Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd Ausgrenzung (DE-588)4300539-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politische Verfolgung Minderheit Ausgrenzung Tschechoslowakei Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030612503&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030612503&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030612503&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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