Biodegradability of Surfactants:
The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft&#...
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
1995
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | BTU01 Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability' |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 257 p) |
| ISBN: | 9789401113489 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-94-011-1348-9 |
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| 520 | |a The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability' | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| author2 | Karsa, D. R. Porter, M. R. |
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| author_facet | Karsa, D. R. Porter, M. R. |
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| bvnumber | BV045185953 |
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| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 670 - Manufacturing |
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| dewey-search | 670 |
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| dewey-tens | 670 - Manufacturing |
| discipline | Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/978-94-011-1348-9 |
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| id | DE-604.BV045185953 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:10:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789401113489 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030575130 |
| oclc_num | 1053810109 |
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| owner_facet | DE-634 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 257 p) |
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| publishDate | 1995 |
| publishDateSearch | 1995 |
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| publisher | Springer Netherlands |
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| spelling | Biodegradability of Surfactants edited by D. R. Karsa, M. R. Porter Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 1995 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 257 p) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability' Engineering Industrial and Production Engineering Polymer Sciences Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Polymers Industrial engineering Production engineering Detergentien (DE-588)4149214-6 gnd rswk-swf Grenzflächenaktiver Stoff (DE-588)4158138-6 gnd rswk-swf Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd rswk-swf Grenzflächenaktiver Stoff (DE-588)4158138-6 s Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 s 1\p DE-604 Detergentien (DE-588)4149214-6 s 2\p DE-604 Karsa, D. R. edt Porter, M. R. edt Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 9789401045889 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1348-9 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Biodegradability of Surfactants Engineering Industrial and Production Engineering Polymer Sciences Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Polymers Industrial engineering Production engineering Detergentien (DE-588)4149214-6 gnd Grenzflächenaktiver Stoff (DE-588)4158138-6 gnd Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4149214-6 (DE-588)4158138-6 (DE-588)4145625-7 |
| title | Biodegradability of Surfactants |
| title_auth | Biodegradability of Surfactants |
| title_exact_search | Biodegradability of Surfactants |
| title_full | Biodegradability of Surfactants edited by D. R. Karsa, M. R. Porter |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradability of Surfactants edited by D. R. Karsa, M. R. Porter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradability of Surfactants edited by D. R. Karsa, M. R. Porter |
| title_short | Biodegradability of Surfactants |
| title_sort | biodegradability of surfactants |
| topic | Engineering Industrial and Production Engineering Polymer Sciences Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Polymers Industrial engineering Production engineering Detergentien (DE-588)4149214-6 gnd Grenzflächenaktiver Stoff (DE-588)4158138-6 gnd Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Engineering Industrial and Production Engineering Polymer Sciences Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Polymers Industrial engineering Production engineering Detergentien Grenzflächenaktiver Stoff Biologischer Abbau |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1348-9 |
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