A course in morphometrics for biologists:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | xvii, 527 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781107190948 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A course in morphometrics for biologists |c Fred L. Bookstein, University of Washington, Seattle |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge University Press |c 2018 | |
| 300 | |a xvii, 527 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | A Course in Morphometries for Biologists
Geometry and Statistics for Studies
of Organismal Form
FRED L BOOKSTEIN
University of Washington, Seattle
University of Vienna, Austria
Cambridge
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface page xiii
1 What This Book Is About 1
1 1 Overview: Where Morphometries Draws Its Ideas 1
1 2 Our Basic Orientation: From Arithmetic to Understanding 8
1 3 The Professional Setting (A Brief Intellectual History) 12
14A More Detailed Preview of Coming Attractions 18
2 Getting Started: One or Two Measurements Only 23
2 1 Elementary Averages from an Intermediate Standpoint 26
211 Averages as Least-Squares 26
212 Precision of Averages 29
213 Weighted Averages 33
214 Averages and Likelihoods 35
2 2 Lines for Laws 40
221 Why Organismal Biologists Compute Regressions 40
222 From Errors-in-Variables to Errors-in-Equations 42
223 The Role of Regressions as Lawlike Explanations:
Two Examples 55
2 3 Gaussian Distributions and Galton’s Quincunx 59
231 Milestone 1: Limits of Binomials 60
232 Milestone 2: Galton’s Machine 64
233 Milestone 3: Regression on the Quincunx 68
234 Milestone 4: A More Elegant Notation 72
235 Milestone 5: Other Origins of the Gaussian Distribution 75
236 “Regression to the Mean”: Geometry of Regression
as Diagrammed via an Ellipse 80
vii
viii Contents
2 4 Correlation 86
241 Galton’s Other Insight 86
242 Example 2 3: Pearson’s Study of Limb Lengths: Every
Family Member, Every Limb 89
243 Example 2 4: Wright’s Chickens: All 15 Pairwise
Relationships 96
244 Working Backward from One Single Correlation 97
2 5 Further Useful Formulas for This Setting 100
251 Acrobatics on the Quincunx 100
252 Tukey’s Approximation 103
253 The Hat Matrix 105
2 6 Other Data Structures 112
261 Growth Series 113
262 Random Walks 124
263 Data on Phylogenies 132
3 Multiple Regression, in General and in Special Settings 137
3 1 The General Logic of Multiple Regression 140
311 Interpretation 1: The Counterfactual of
Uncorrelated Predictors 144
312 Interpretation 2: The Path Analysis 153
313 Interpretation 3: Least Squares 157
314 Rethinking All Three Versions 158
3 2 Added-Variable Plots 163
321 The Problem, the Solution, and the Proofs 163
322 Example 3 2: Prenatal Ultrasound and Birthweight 166
323A Note on “Optimism” in Model-Fitting 173
3 3 Special Case 1: Analysis of Covariance 177
331 Group Differences in Regressions as a Path Model 177
332 Example 3 4 Brain Weight-Body Weight Allometry 184
333A Regression Line Concealed within a Data Model 191
334 Ecological Regressions and the Ecological Fallacy 192
3 4 Special Case 2: Growth Series 198
341 Persistence of Growth: Partial Correlations along
Growth Series 199
342 Uncertainties of Correlations 203
343 Predicting a Summary Growth Measure from Its
Components 205
3 5 Special Case 3a: Linear Discriminant Analysis 208
Contents ix
351 Classification via a Likelihood Ratio Loglinear in the
Data 208
352 Why This Works: The Algebra of Linear Discrimination 212
353 Example 3 7: Bumpus’s Snow-Beset Sparrows 215
3 6 Special Case 3b: Quadratic Discrimination 222
361 Classification When Variances Are Not the Same 222
362 Classification When Covariances Are Not the Same 224
363 Example 3 8: An Adult Fetal Alcohol Brain Study 226
364 Example 3 9: The Same for Infants 230
365 Back to Bumpus’s Birds 234
366 Changing One Group’s Covariance Can Change a
Likelihood Ratio by a Lot 235
4 Transition to Multivariate Analysis 241
4 1 Aspects of Covariance Structure: An Introduction 242
411 The Three Dimensions of a Bivariate Covariance Ellipse 242
412 The Centrality of Multivariate Analysis for Studies of
Complex Organized Systems 249
413 Inverses versus Eigenanalysis: The Two Roles
of the Matrix 251
4 2 The Singular-Value Decomposition and Its Applications in
Morphometries 264
421 The SVD Theorem and Its Component Parts 265
422 Principal Component Scores and the Biplot 269
423 Partial Least Squares: Least-Squares Analysis
of Covariance Patterns 279
424 Principal Coordinates Analysis 287
4 3 The Wishart Distribution: Its Formula and a Sketch of Its
Justification 290
431A Handy Mathematical Fact about Gaussian Likelihoods 291
432 The Wishart Distribution Is Comprehensible 296
433A Useful Approximation 303
434 Example: Fitting a Single-Factor Model 305
435A Special Case: Allometry 312
436 Interpreting the Sum in Equation (4 47) as a Distance 317
5 Geometric Morphometries: Its Geometry and Its
Pattern Analysis 322
5 1 The Data of Geometric Morphometries: How We Keep Our
Place in an Anatomy 327
X Contents
511 Hints about the Limits of Geometric Morphometries 337
512 The Role of Words Today: The “Foundational
Model for Anatomy” 339
513 From the Last Century, I: Standardizing Where
We Point within an Image 344
514 From the Last Century, II: The Origin of Morphometric
Quantifications 351
5 2 Pattern Descriptors for Landmarks Taken Three at a Time 361
521 Tensors as Morphometric Pattern Descriptors 362
522 The Circle Construction for Triangles 367
523 Extensions and Examples 374
524A Further Comment on Distance Ratios 381
5 3 Procrustes Matters: The Least-Squares Approach to
Morphometries 384
531 The Conventional Procrustes Shape Distance 385
532 Principal Coordinates of Procrustes Distance 390
533 Example: The Gunz Skull Data Set, II 393
534 Procrustes Form Distance 394
5 4 Procrustes Coordinates, a Different Set of Shape Coordinates 397
541A Language for “Shape Coordinates,” Not for “Shape” 397
542 Gower’s “Generalized Procrustes Analysis” 399
543 Examples 402
544 The Isotropic Mardia-Dryden Distribution 407
545 Covariance Distance 414
546 GPA Subtleties, Some Standard, Some New 415
5 5 Thin-Plate Splines 425
551 The Basic Formula 425
552 Bending Energy and Its Principal and Partial Warps 431
553 The Uniform Component 436
554 Semilandmarks 439
5 6 Finishing the Main Examples, Along with Some New Ones 448
561 Splines for Data Screening 449
562 Splines for Pairwise Contrasts of Specimens or Group
Mean Differences 449
563 Splines for Regressions 451
564 Splines for Relative Warps 453
565 Splines for Partial Warps 458
566 Splines for Partial Least Squares 463
567 Bilateral Symmetry and Asymmetry 469
Contents xi
568 “Modularity” and “Integration” 474
569 Two Recent Extensions 484
5 7 Envoi 489
References 494
Index 506
Appendices to this book, including thirteen of the data sets used for examples,
along with Splus code for the main software tools, some useful auxiliary
routines, and nearly half of the book’s figures, can be found on the book’s
website, http : //ww Cambridge org/9781107190948
|
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| author | Bookstein, Fred L. 1947- |
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| dewey-full | 571.3 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 571 - Physiology & related subjects |
| dewey-raw | 571.3 |
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| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| isbn | 9781107190948 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
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| spelling | Bookstein, Fred L. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1062902394 aut A course in morphometrics for biologists Fred L. Bookstein, University of Washington, Seattle Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2018 xvii, 527 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Morphologie Biologie (DE-588)4407742-7 gnd rswk-swf Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd rswk-swf Morphometrie (DE-588)4140696-5 gnd rswk-swf Musteranalyse (DE-588)4226567-8 gnd rswk-swf Morphology / Statistical methods Morphology / Mathematics Organisms / Size / Measurement Morphologie Biologie (DE-588)4407742-7 s Morphometrie (DE-588)4140696-5 s Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 s Musteranalyse (DE-588)4226567-8 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030491334&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bookstein, Fred L. 1947- A course in morphometrics for biologists Morphologie Biologie (DE-588)4407742-7 gnd Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd Morphometrie (DE-588)4140696-5 gnd Musteranalyse (DE-588)4226567-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4407742-7 (DE-588)4729990-3 (DE-588)4140696-5 (DE-588)4226567-8 |
| title | A course in morphometrics for biologists |
| title_auth | A course in morphometrics for biologists |
| title_exact_search | A course in morphometrics for biologists |
| title_full | A course in morphometrics for biologists Fred L. Bookstein, University of Washington, Seattle |
| title_fullStr | A course in morphometrics for biologists Fred L. Bookstein, University of Washington, Seattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | A course in morphometrics for biologists Fred L. Bookstein, University of Washington, Seattle |
| title_short | A course in morphometrics for biologists |
| title_sort | a course in morphometrics for biologists |
| topic | Morphologie Biologie (DE-588)4407742-7 gnd Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd Morphometrie (DE-588)4140696-5 gnd Musteranalyse (DE-588)4226567-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Morphologie Biologie Biostatistik Morphometrie Musteranalyse |
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