Orasul Chişinău: începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries)
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Romanian |
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Chişinău
Cartdidact
2017
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Ortsregister |
| Physical Description: | 280 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| ISBN: | 9789975318006 |
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Record in the Search Index
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CUPRINS
CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE (Petronel Zahariuc). 9
INTRODUCERE . 13
Capitolul I.
DEVENIREA ORAÇULUI CHIÇINÂU. BISERICILE MEDIEVALE
A T.F. URBEI. DE LA PRIMELE ATESTÂRI DOCUMENTARE
PÂNÂ ÎN SECOLUL AL XVIII-LEA
I. Atestarea documentara a toponimului Chisinau
din valea râului Bâc . 25
II. Ipotezele privind sensul cuvântului chiçinâu.
Ràspândirea geográfica a toponimului Chi§inâu. 31
III. Chi§inâu - localitate ruralâ. 35
IV. Mo§ia Chi§inâu. Hotare §i mo§ii limítrofe. Buicanii. 42
V. Contextul §i premisele constituirii oraçului Chiçinâu . 52
VI. Constituirea oraçului Chiçinâu. Primele decenii de existent. 59
VII. Modificarea statutului domnesc al Chiçinâului. 74
VIII. Edificiile de cuit ale Chiçinâului.
Biserica domneascâ Sfântul Nicolae . 87
IX. Chiçinâul - cel mai important centra eclesiastic §i
urban din partea de la est de Prut a Târii Moldovei.
Trecerea compléta a localitâ^ii în administrare mànâstireascà. 95
X. Bisericile Chiçinâului din secolul al XVIII-lea. 124
1. Biserica Naçterea Maicii Domnului (Màzàrache)
din Chiçinâu (1742). 124
2. Biserica Sfiniii împârati Constantin §i Elena (Râ§canu)
din Visternici (1777). 138
Capitolul II
ORAÇUL CHIÇINÀU §1 EDIFICIILE LUI DE CULT
ÎN PRIMA JUMÂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA
I. Chi§inâul §i bisericile lui în anii 1802-1812. 146
IL Chiçinâul în primii ani de dupa anexarea taristâ a pârÇii de est
a Principatului Moldova. Elaborarea proiectului
de extindere teritorialâ a localitàfii . 152
6
0ra$ul Chisinau. inceputuri, dezvoltare urbana, biserici (sec. XY-XIX)
III. Dezvoltarea Chi§inaului in perioada unificarii lui
teritoriale §i administrative. 165
IV. Capitala Basarabiei in perioada aprobarii
planului de dezvoltare urbana. 172
V. Bisericile Chi§inaului din prima jumatate a secolului al XlX-lea . 184
1. Biserica armeana Sfanta Nascatoare de Dumnezeu (1803-1804) 184
2. Biserica Sfantul Ilie (1804-1806) . 191
3. Biserica Sfin(ii Arhangheli Mihail §i Gavriil
(Catedrala Veche) (1804-1806). 196
4. Biserica Buna Vestire (1808-1810). 201
5. Biserica !nal(area Domnului (1803-1804,1827-1830). 207
6. Biserica lipoveneasca Acoperamantul Maicii Domnului
(ultimul sfert al secolului al XVIII-lea). 214
7. Biserica Sfantul Haralambie (1812-1813,1835-1836). 218
8. Biserica Acoperamantul Maicii Domnului Domnului a
Mitropoliei din Chi§inau (1813-1814) . 222
9. Biserica Sfantul Gheorghe (1814-1819). 226
10. Biserica Tuturor Sfin(ilor (1822-1829). 231
11. Catedrala Na§terea Domnului (1830-1836). 236
12. Biserica evanghelico-lutherana Sfantul Nicolae (1834-1838) . 242
13. Biserica romano-catolica Providen(a Divina (1840-1843). 244
14. Biserica Sfinfii Arhangheli Mihail §i Gavriil din Buicani
(fost Vovin(eni) (1818-1825) . 251
fNCHEIERE. 256
ANEXA. Hotarele mo§iilor constituante ale Chi§inaului
(descrieri din secolele XVII-XIX). 270
Indice geografic. 278
SUMMARY
Foreword. 9
Introduction. 13
Chapter I.
THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY
OF CHISINAU AND ITS MEDIEVAL CHURCHES FROM
THE FIRST DOCUMENTARY ATTESTATION
UNTIL TO THE l8,h CENTURY
I. Documentary attestation of the toponym of Chisinau
from the Bac River valley. 25
II. Hypotheses about the meaning of the word chisinau.
Geographical distribution of the toponym of Chisinau . 31
III. Chisinau - rural locality. 35
IV. The estate of Chisinau. Its borders and nearby estates.
The estate of Buicani . 42
V. Context and prerequisites of the urban settlement
of Chisinau formation. 52
VI. The formation of the city of Chisinau.
First decades of its existence. 59
VII. The modification of the princely status of Chisinau. 74
VIII. Ecclésial buildings of Chisinau. Princely St. Nicolae church . 87
IX. Chisinau - the most important urban and ecclesial center
in the eastern part of the Moldovan Principality.
Total transfer of the locality under the monastic administration . 95
X. Chisinau churches from the 18th century. 124
1. Birth of Our Lady (Mâzârache) church from Chisinau (1742) . 124
2. Saints Emperors Constantine and Helen church
from Visternici (1777) . 138
Chapter II.
CITY OF CHISINAU AND ITS ECCLESIAL BUILDINGS
IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY
I. Chisinau and its churches in 1802-1812
146
8
Ora§ul C-hijinau. Inceputuri, dezvoltare urbana, biserici (sec. X\’-XIX)
II. Chisinau in the first years after the Tsarist annexation
of the eastern part of the Moldovan Principality. Development
of the project for territorial extension of the locality. 152
III. Development of Chisinau in the period of its territorial
and administrative unification. 165
IV. Capital of Bessarabia in the period
of the city’s Development plan approval. 172
V. Chisinau’s churches from the first half of the 19th century. 184
1. Armenian church of Our Lady (1803-1804). 184
2. St. Ilie church (1804-1806) . 191
3. Holy Archangels Mihail and Gavriil church
(Old Cathedral) (1804-1806). 196
4. Annunciation church (1808-1810). 201
5. Ascension of Our Lord church (1803-1804,1827-1830) . 207
6. Lipovan church of The Protecting Veil of Our Lady
(last quarter of the 18th century) . 214
7. St. Haralambie church (1812-1813,1835-1836). 218
8. Church of The Protecting Veil of Our Lady of Chisinau’s
Metropolitanate (1813-1814). 222
9. St. Gheorghe church (1814-1819) . 226
10. All Saints church (1822-1829) . 231
11. Cathedral of the Nativity of Our Lord (1830-1836). 236
12. St. Nicholas Evangelic Lutheran church (1834-1838) . 242
13. Divine Providence Roman Catholic church (1840-1843) . 244
14. Holy Archangels Mihail and Gavriil church
from Buicani (former Vovinteni) (1818-1825). 251
Conclusions (Eng.). 263
The annex. The borders of the estates that formed Chisinau
(descriptions from the I7th-i9th centuries) . 270
Geographical index
278
CONCLUSIONS
Historical, cartographie, topographie and architectural data analyzed
in the present study made it possible to highlight the development
phases of Chisinau from the historic and architectural points of view, tak-
ing into consideration the main factors (economical, strategic, political)
that generated its transformation into the largest urban center of the east-
ern part of the Moldovan Principality. From this, it was possible to formu-
late the following conclusions.
The princely charter from 1436 is the first historical document
that attested the toponym of Chisinau in the valley of the Bac River. This
document, referring to the location of village of Visternici, mentioned the
existence on the opposite bank of the Bac (vis-à-vis its confluence with
Hulboaca stream), as a topographic reference, of the built structure with
unknown purpose, named Acba§’s „cheseneu”.
The existence of human settlement on the territory of the estate that
later came to be named Chiçineu/Chiçinâu was attested only 30 years
later, in another princely charter issued in 1466. Its rural locality was
indicated, but not its name. Instead, it was indicated by two topographic
points, which were important in the sense of its localization on the ground:
1. Albisoara well; and 2. some kind of ,,che§eneu”. It is possible that this
„cheseneu” and the built structure mentioned in 1436
were the same topographic object. Only in 1576 was the village attested to
having the name „Chisineu”, and mentioned as having its location on the
Bac River bank.
The modification of the commercial routes which passed through the
zone, caused also by the gradual “migration” to the north of the borders
of the territory of the country controlled by Turks and Tatars created, in
the middle of the 17th century, the necessary conditions to form a strategic
reference point at the new borders of the principality. The Moldovan
sovereigns played the main role in the appearance and development of an
urban settlement on this segment of the Bac valley.
The realization of the project of establishing a city, dictated by
the necessity to form the new center of power in this zone and by the
ambition to use the local economic and commercial potential, began with
the transfer of the necessary area of land in the property of Moldovan
princes. So, the estate of the future city was delimitated in the 1650s from
264
CONCLUSION'S
the body of the estate of Buicani village (on the basis of an agreement
with Galata Monastery from Iasi (the owner of this place between 1620-
1658) or with the noble family which owned this village after 1658), and
served for around 100 years as a basis for the development of the city of
Chisinau. The adoption by the city of the name of the rural settlement
from the nearby estate, the siting there of the main urban cemeteries, etc.,
can be explained by the fact that the city was conceived at the beginning
as some kind “annex” to the old Chisinau village.
The country’s rulers built the princely court and church on their part
of Buicani estate. Close by, they demarcated a Market Square of polygonal
shape to which the main zonal roads converged, flanked by several parallel
streets. The new urban settlement was inhabited by attracting (through
exemption from taxes and offering other privileges) an important number
of merchants and handicraftsmen, who built houses, shops and workshops
there. These efforts were crowned by success, assuring the development
and prosperity of the city. From this sequence of events, we cannot speak
about the spontaneous appearance and development of Chisinau. This
process had an organized character and was under the rigorous control
of the authority of the Princes. Reflecting the importance of the locality,
preserved documents contain many direct and indirect references to
visits made here by the different princes, bishops and metropolitans of
the country.
The constitution of the city and of its administrative structures
ended, in general terms, in the reign of the prince Eustratie Dabija (1661-
1665). The country’s rulers designated one Parcalab (from the German
Burggraf (burggrave)) in Chisinau, and one noble responsible for the
prince’s court. The community of citizens elected the City Council formed
by one §oltuz (from the German Schultheiss (mayor)) and 12 Pargars
(from the German Burger). Aware of the necessity to strengthen the new
urban settlement’s development potential, the princes enlarged the city’s
borders over a period of several decades through the integration of the
estates of two villages from the opposite side of the Bac River - Visternici
and Ghetaoani.
The perimeter of the city’s estate comprised a long rectangle, which
was adjacent to the Bac River and flanked to the west by the estate of
Buicani village (returned in 1690 under the administration of Galata
Monastery), and to the east by the estate of Chisinau village (under the
administration of the Saint Vineri and Saints Archangels/Frumoasa
Monasteries from Iasi). The city developed strong relations with these
estates. Its Princely status allowed the inhabitants “unofficially” to violate
CONCLUSIONS
265
the city’s border (during economical and/or different building activities).
Thus, by the end of 17th century, the built territory of the city crossed the
border of Chisinau village. Later, during the 1730s, the city extended over
the borders of the monastic part of Buicani estate too.
In the 1750s, the process of the gradual integration of these villages
was completed and the city comprised three districts. Each had its own
church as the spiritual and social focal point of the inhabitants: 1. Princely
church Saint Nicolae (for the central, princely part of the city); 2. The
church of Saints Joachim and Anna (for the part of the city situated on
the estate of Saint Vineri and Saints Archangels (Frumoasa)); and 3. The
church of Annunciation (for the part of the city situated on the estate of the
Galata monastery). Besides these churches, in the central prince’s district,
the ecclesial buildings of the Armenian and Hebrew communities were
built; and at the end of the 18th centuiy the church of Lipovan community1
was erected here.
After the earthquake of 1738, with “the permission and blessing”
of the Prince Grigore Ghica, the reconstruction works of the princely
church Saint Nicolae began. At the same time, the estate of the city was
subordinated to this church, and then this church, once more with the
permission of the prince, was subordinated to the Galata Monastery.
The reconstruction works of the Saint Nicolae church were finished at
the beginning of the autumn of 1740, following recovery from damages
suffered during the campaign of troops of the Russian Empire in the
Moldovan Principality in the autumn of 1739, and after the subsequent
six months of the “great winter”.
From the endofthe 1750s to the beginning of the 1760s, this important
ecclesial building was reconstructed once more. As a result, its dedication
was changed and became Saints of Archangel Mihail and Gavriil. Near
to the church were built some houses for the official representation of
the Galata Monastery in the city. A monk with the title of “hegumen” was
designated as the parish priest and manager of the local monastic estates.
As a result, Chisinau’s inhabitants began to call this church also by the
name of “monastery”.
In the second half of the 18th century, the princely part of the Buicani
estate was totally transferred under the rule of Galata Monastery. Thus,
the entire city became the property of the Iasi monasteries. Between the
1 Lipovans - the name of the Russian Old Ritualists given by the Romanians. Old Ritu-
alists - Russian Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of
the Russian Orthodox Church, as they existed prior the 17th century reforms of Patriarch
Nikon of Moscow.
266
CONCLUSIONS
last quarter of the 18th century and the first decade of the 19th century, there
was rapid growth in the number of local inhabitants and, consequently,
growth in the territory occupied by the built area of the city. As a result,
two new districts appeared in Chisinau together with two new churches:
Saint Ilie and Ascension of Our Lord. The city had a strong commercial
and handicraft character, remarked by the documents and by foreign
travelers. At the same time, there continued in the city the activity of
some institutions controlled by the central state authorities, such as the
Customs and the Princely School.
The year of 1802 constituted an important milestone in the history
of ecclesial architecture of the Chisinau. The earthquake of that year shook
the whole country and the city, damaging and ruining a lot of Chisinau’s
houses and churches. In the following years, the majority of city’s churches
were rebuilt.
After the annexation of the eastern part of the Moldovan Principality
in 1812 by Tsarist Russia, this Empire, for political and international
image reasons, did not hurry to transform this territory into a “Gubernia”2
(which was realized only in 1873), but temporarily accorded it an
autonomous administrative status. In this period, the development of the
city entered a new stage, generated also by the status of regional capital
accorded to Chisinau by the imperial authorities. The settlement was
unified territorially and administratively. The estates on whose territory
it was situated were removed from the monastic domain, and then united
and transferred under the administration of the newly created city’s
authorities.
The new economic and political status of the city created appropriate
conditions for the rapid growth of the population as well as for the
territorial expansion of the locality.
For several years, the city continued the development according to the
traditional way, by adding territories along the main roads that converged
to the locality. Thus, the church of Saint Haralambie was erected in 1813
in the city’s newly developed Teslarilor District. The erection of the Saint
Gheorghe church in 1819 finished the formation of the last traditionally
planned district of the city.
At the same time, it was decided to include within the city’s built
limits practically all the area between the streams of Malina Mica and
Durle§ti. The new part of the city, which grew here, was developed inside
a rectangular grid of streets, accordingly to the provisions of the newly
2 Gubernia (i.e. governorate) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the
Russian Empire.
CONCLUSIONS
267
elaborated urban development plan. The implementation of the provisions
of this development plan began through the construction outside the city’s
borders of the buildings of the Metropolitanate (1814) and the Theological
Seminary (1816).
The erection in the city of the laic and ecclesial buildings was
realized under special rules for building in cities, and followed the models
offered by specialized albums of model projects printed in St. Petersburg.
The process was supervised by architects of French, German, Russian,
Ukrainian and Italian origin, educated in the spirit of that epoch’s
European urban traditions.
In 1836, trying to underline the supremacy of the new order
established in the region, a large ecclesial building was erected in
neoclassical style in Chisinau, devoted to the Nativity of Our Lord. The
church became the Cathedral for the rulers of the Chisinau and Hotin
Eparchy, created by the imperial authorities through detaching the region
from the old eparchies of the Moldovan Principality. In subsequent years,
two churches were erected in the new part of the city for the satisfaction
of the spiritual needs of citizens who followed the Evangelic-Lutheran
and Roman-Catholic confessions (respectively, Saint Nicolae (1838) and
Divine Providence churches (1842)).
Based on documents, historical maps of Chisinau were elaborated,
which present the city’s estate during the main periods of the historical
development of the locality.
The challenges that faced today’s researchers of the ecclesial and
civil architecture of Chisinau are fairly complicated. They start from a lack
of pluri-disciplinary researches of the documentaiy resources relating to
this topic (exacerbated by the dispersal of these resources through different
foreign archives), by lack of archaeological surveys, and by the demolition
during the last 50 to 60 years (for various reasons: ideological, political
and, in the last period, financial) of an important part of the historic built
properties of the city’s quarters formed before the 20th century.
As for the prospects for further study of the medieval and pre-
modern city’s history, one of the main contributions will be offered by the
archaeological survey of the historic center of Chisinau. Today, Chisinau is
the only European capital city in whose historic quarters there have never
been systematical archaeological surveys. This results also because of the
absence in the Republic of Moldova of urban archaeology as a direction
of research. In the conditions of lack of medieval documents referred to
the city’s history, archaeology is practically the only science capable of
confirming or clarifying preserved historic documentary data; also, the
268
CONCLUSIONS
hypotheses formulated during the time on this topic, and to offer new
information about the processes of locality development3.
At the same time, it is necessary to continue the research of archive
written and drawn documents, such as from the National Archive of the
Republic of Moldova and from the archives of other countries (especially
from the Russian Federation), in which are stored significant numbers of
practically unexplored Moldovan documents from the i8th-i9,h century,
documents referring to military campaigns conducted here, diplomatic
correspondence, travel descriptions, ethnographical descriptions, and
other valuable details relating to Chisinau’s history. For example, the
National Archive of the Republic of Moldova contains thousands of little
known documents relating to Chisinau in the 19th century, generally
unpublished, which wait to be examined and placed into scientific
circulation. Many of these documents contain very precious information
relating to the historical, topographical, cartographical realities of the city
before 1812.
An important direction of study, until now mainly neglected, should
be the survey of all built properties erected before the soviet period which
remain in the historic quarters of the city. It is necessary to map and
carefully explore the cellars of the medieval part of the city, together with
all historic buildings preserved here, together with all annexes, no matter
how much they have been disfigured by various alterations. Numerous
of them, being constructed in the 19th century and at the beginning of the
20th century, contain parts of buildings from previous epochs. Only this
survey will permit, for the first time, the making of a systematic analysis,
based on factual material from the field, of the historic architecture of the
city of Chisinau4.
The absence in the Republic of Moldova of the tradition of built
cultural heritage preservation and the predominance of private financial
interests over the cultural interests of the country is expressed in the
3 In this sense, we expressed our hope that the local Chisinau’s authorities will adopt a
policy that will assure conditions in which all built interventions within the territory
of historic center of Chisinau will be obligatory preceded, as the legislation requires,
by the archaeological survey. Today, the current state of affairs in the city has created
the impression that everything is being done so that such research, of great importance
for the understanding and knowledge of city history, cannot not be carried out in the
future.
4 The survey of the historic architecture of the city, as well as its archaeological survey,
should be initiated as soon as possible, because the pressure exercised under the his-
toric center of the capital, especially under its medieval part, are immense and it is
possible that soon the object of investigation itself can disappear.
CONCLUSIONS
269
systematic destruction of the historical building stock of Chisinau and
in the construction of new buildings without any connection with the
stylistic, structural, volumetric, proportional characteristics of the historic
center, which irreversibly leads to the loss of the city’s cultural and historic
identity.
In this sense, following international conventions ratified by our
country and European and international good practices in the field of
cultural heritage protection, it is necessary to adopt an urban policy,
reflected inclusively in the Chisinau urban development plan, which
will assure all the measures for the rehabilitation and integration of the
historic quarters of the city into the life of modern society, for them to
become a fundamental factor of sustainable development of the Republic
of Moldova’s capital city.
This will be possible, according to international best practices,
only through overcoming the monocentricity that dominates today’s
development of Chisinau, and through development of a polycentric city
structure. It is necessary, therefore, to envisage a special place in the city’s
development plan to form and develop a new commercial and business
center of Chisinau, outside the boundaries of its historical center.
It is necessary to overcome the administrative fragmentation of
the historical center of the city, by including it within the boundaries of
one administrative unit and by giving it a special status within the city.
Therefore, it is necessary to form a municipal structure responsible for the
protection and valorization of the historical center.
Only in this way, it will be possible to limit the enormous pressure
exerted by developers on the territory of the historic city center and to
obtain a tangible result in its protection and sustainable development,
and to assure for the capital of the Republic of Moldova the perpetuation
of its cultural and historical identity.
INDICE GEOGRAFIC
A
Adrianopol 190
Akkerman (Cetatea Albä) 189, 226
Arad 34,113
Atena 13,149
Austria 159, 226
B
Baia Mare 113
Basarabia 15-17, 20-21, 31, 34, 42,
47, 58-59, 69, 81, 83, 88, 89, 92,
95*97,100,101,115,118,121,125,
126,130,131,133,135,143,145,
149,152,154,155,157-159,163-169,
171-173,175-179,182,186,189,193,
208, 232, 236, 238, 242, 244, 251,
274,277
Bäc 10, 23, 25, 26, 28-30, 34-38, 42-
44, 46-49, 52, 57, 64, 69, 72, 83,
95,100,117,118,123,139,145,154,
160,168,169, 201, 256, 263, 264,
270-275, 277
Bärlad 34,146
Belgrad 149
Bilacäu (Delacäu) 54
Bistri(a 156
Bistrita (mänästire) 33
Botna 33
Boto§ani 65
Bräne§ti 53
Breahna 42,46, 50,170, 273
Bsd (ora§) 189
Bucile Curului (vale) 277
Bucovät 37,160
Bucure§ti 16,148,149
Buda (ora§) 36,149
Buicani (Buecani, Buiucani) 10, 23,
42-44, 46-48, 52, 55, 57, 58-62, 67,
69, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80-84, 86-88,
90-93, 95-98,101,117,121,147,
149,157,160,163,166,169,171,
184,197, 201, 251-255, 257, 258,
264, 265, 270, 271, 274-277
Bulgaria 136,149,159, 226
Bugeac 52, 64, 72
C
Cahul (baltá) 37
Cápriana (mánástire) 129,158, 213
Cetatea Alba 52,189,191, 218, 226
Ciocana 26, 43, 270, 271
Ciubárciu 33
Ciurova/Hirova (schit) 218
Cheile I§nová(ului (Ialoveni) 50, 271,
272, 275
Che§eneu/ Chi§ineul Mare 33
Chi§ineul Ro§u 33
Chi§ 34
Chi§ineu/Chi§ineu-Cri§ 31
Cluj 113
Cosau(i 239
Crimeea 52, 64, 86, 96,105,112,116,
196
Cri§ul Alb 34
Curchi (schit) 157,193
Curva 271
D
Drule§ti (Durle§ti) 29, 43, 44, 46, 48,
50, 72, 95, 97,101, 270-272, 275-
277
Dunárea 104,136,148,149,176
F
Fálfoe§ti 66
Foc§ani146
Folte§ti 171
Frumoasa (Sfin(ii Arhangheli, Balica)
(mánástire) 10, 39, 41, 56, 74, 81,
82, 91, 93, 258
Furceni 33
G
Galata (mánástire) 10, 41, 48, 49, 55,
59, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80-86, 90-97,
101,103,115,118,120, 121,146,147,
INDICE GEOGRAFIC
279
160, 163, 165, 196, 197, 201, 202,
214, 252, 257, 258, 264, 265, 270,
272, 275
Gala(i 146
Gásca 26
Ghetaoani 28,43, 45, 48, 56, 62, 63,
74, 77,100,101,138,168,170, 257,
264, 270
Go lia (mánástire) 88, 126
H
Harghita 34
Hârbovât (mânàstire) 158
Hâijàuca (schit) 89
Helsinki 149
Highidiç (Ghidighici) 46, 47, 50
Hireçti 43,50, 271
Horodiçte (mânàstire) 158
Hotin 82,157,166,167,182,197, 209,
218, 219, 222, 226, 231, 232, 236,
238, 252, 253, 259, 267
Hrusca 42,43,45,48,57, 63,156,
165, 270-274
Hulboaca 26, 28-30, 44, 62, 83,143,
145, 256, 263, 274
Hu§i 69, 74,118, 147,156,157,193,
207
I
Ia§i 9,10, 33, 34, 37, 39, 4b 48, 52,
56, 59, 64, 69, 74, 84, 88, 92, 93,
103,104,115,118, 120,124,125,
146-152,155,156
Ierusalim (Patriarhie) 48, 49, 57, 81,
82, 84-86, 96,120,165,166,191,
198
Imperiul Austriac 226
Imperiul Otoman 11, 73,127,
Imperiul Rus/ Tarist 16, 23,152,154,
158,163,175,196
Ineu (sat) 34
Ineu (ora§) 34
Innovât 44, 46, 49, 50, 57, 70,171,
270-272, 275, 276
Ivancea 33
I
ImpuUta 275, 277
J
Japca (mánástire) 158
K
Kalofer 136
Kiev 149, 155
L
Lápu§na 9, 26, 37, 38, 47,48, 52-54,
57, 62, 63, 66, 69, 73, 74, 84, 87,
92.104.120- 122,156,165, 201,
270,274, 275
Lvov 149
M
Malul Tohatin 54
Mavromol (mánástire) 146
Máláie§ti 54
Malina 150,160, 169
Malina Mare 10, 35,42-44, 270
Malina Mica (páráu, vale) 10, 35, 42-
44, 46, 72, 74,101,150,160,163,
175, 259, 266, 270, 271
Mánce§ti 23, 50, 69,170, 271, 272-
274
Minsk 149
MoIdovi(a (mánástire) 28
Moviláu 53
Movileni 43,50, 63, 270, 271
N
Negre§ti (Bráila) 50,170, 271, 273
Nistru 9,11, 25, 32, 37, 52/54, 64, 70,
72, 74,123,148,150,152,153,182
Novgorod 149
O
Odesa 15,149,183, 250
Orhei 9,11, 26, 28, 33, 37, 48, 52-54,
61, 66, 69-71, 74, 81, 84, 85, 89, 93,
97.104.115.118.120- 122,125-126,
135,138, 150,155-157,160,167,
169,172,173,193,196,218, 270
Otovasca 43, 50, 271
280
INDICE GEOGRAFIC
P
Petricani 45,46, 50,63,170,271, 277
Pe§tera 36,53,
Polonia 38, 72
Principatele Dunärene 148,176
Principatul Moldovei 88,104,141,
164,166,168,169,182
Prut 9,11,12,16, 23,32,34, 37,52,
70, 95,118,122,123,136,152,153,
156,168,172,182,184
Pulbereni 66
R
Rächitoasa (mänästire) 126
Räut (räu) 33,35,53
Roman (Episcopie) 87
Romania 16, 22
S
Sankt Petersburg 152,156,175,177,
182,236,242,244
Sähama (mänästire) 213
Sfänta Vineri (mänästire) 39,41,55,
74, 77, 8l, 82, 91, 93,121,150,156,
165, 207, 257, 258, 270, 275, 277
Sinai (mänästire) 40, 41,55-57,59,
80, 82-85, 89,93,101,115,122,
147-149,160,165,166, 207, 208,
218,
Socul 26, 28,143
Soroca 9,115, 239
Spärcoceni 50, 62, 63
Spinoasa 42,44-47,50,57, 63, 270-
273, 275, 276
Suceava 28, 39, 84
T
Tighina 32, 39,52, 64, 65, 69,74,127,
226
Tohatin 23, 26, 28,49, 54
Transilvania 113,156
Trebujeni 33,35,53
U
Unghia Caprei (deal) 46, 272,276
T
Tara Cäzäceascä 64
Tara Moldovei 34,37,64, 6,81, go,
92,95,102,113,114,126,128,129,
146,148,149,167,185,258
V
Vadul lui Vodä (vad al Nistrului) 36
Valdai 235,236
Viena 14,72
Visternici (Vistemiceni) 11,23,25,
28, 29, 37, 38,43,45,46, 48, 61-
63, 74,77,100,106,114,117,124,
126,138,139,170, 256, 257, 263,
264,270, 271
Vovin(eni 44-46,48,55,58,63,91,
92,95-98,147,163,166,184,197,
251, 252, 270-272,275-277
Z
Zaim 33
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ciocanu, Sergius ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1164782932 |
| author_facet | Ciocanu, Sergius ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ciocanu, Sergius ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | s c sc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045089685 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1050939928 (DE-599)BVBBV045089685 |
| era | Geschichte 1400-1900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1400-1900 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Chişinău (DE-588)4073461-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Chişinău |
| id | DE-604.BV045089685 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-03-31T14:08:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789975318006 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030480494 |
| oclc_num | 1050939928 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 280 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Cartdidact |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ciocanu, Sergius ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1164782932 aut Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) Sergius Ciocanu City of Chisinau Chişinău Cartdidact 2017 280 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung auf Englisch Geschichte 1400-1900 gnd rswk-swf Kirchenbau (DE-588)4073436-5 gnd rswk-swf Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd rswk-swf Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 gnd rswk-swf Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd rswk-swf Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 gnd rswk-swf Chişinău (DE-588)4073461-4 gnd rswk-swf Chişinău (DE-588)4073461-4 g Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 s Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 s Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 s Kirchenbau (DE-588)4073436-5 s Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 s Geschichte 1400-1900 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister |
| spellingShingle | Ciocanu, Sergius ca. 20./21. Jh Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) Kirchenbau (DE-588)4073436-5 gnd Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 gnd Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073436-5 (DE-588)4056754-0 (DE-588)4056730-8 (DE-588)4030702-5 (DE-588)4002851-3 (DE-588)4073461-4 |
| title | Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) |
| title_alt | City of Chisinau |
| title_auth | Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) |
| title_exact_search | Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) |
| title_full | Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) Sergius Ciocanu |
| title_fullStr | Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) Sergius Ciocanu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Orasul Chişinău începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) Sergius Ciocanu |
| title_short | Orasul Chişinău |
| title_sort | orasul chisinau inceputuri dezvoltare urbana biserici secolele xv xix city of chisinau the beginnings urban development churches 15th 19th centuries |
| title_sub | începuturi, dezvoltare, urbana, biserici : (secolele XV-XIX) = City of Chisinau : the beginnings, urban development, churches : (15th-19th centuries) |
| topic | Kirchenbau (DE-588)4073436-5 gnd Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd Stadtentwicklung (DE-588)4056730-8 gnd Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd Architektur (DE-588)4002851-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kirchenbau Stadtplanung Stadtentwicklung Kirche Architektur Chişinău |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030480494&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ciocanusergius orasulchisinauinceputuridezvoltareurbanabisericisecolelexvxixcityofchisinauthebeginningsurbandevelopmentchurches15th19thcenturies AT ciocanusergius cityofchisinau |
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