The astronomers' magic envelope: an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | x, 121 Seiten Diagramme Breite 172 mm, Höhe 247 mm, |
| ISBN: | 9780198816478 9780198816461 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
1 Orbits 1
1.1 The Apple and the Earth 2
1.2 Some Simple Orbits 4
1.3 The Gravitational Constant 5
1.4 Kepler’s Laws 8
1.5 Kepler’s Equation and Time Evolution of Bound Orbits 11
1.6 Unbound Orbits and Gravitational Focusing 12
1.7 Two Massive Bodies 14
1.8 Two Bodies from Far Away 15
1.9 More than Two Bodies 17
1.10 The Virial Theorem 17
1.11 Connecting to Observables 19
2 Celestial Mechanics 24
2.1 The Restricted Three-Body Problem 24
2.2 Lagrange Points, Roche Lobes and Chaotic Systems 26
2.3 Hamilton’s Equations and Interesting Orbits 30
3 Schwarzschild’s Spacetime 33
3.1 Spacetime and Proper Time 34
3.2 Metrics 35
3.3 Schwarzschild Orbits, I: General Properties 38
3.4 Schwarzschild Orbits, II: Circles 40
3.5 Cartesian Variables 41
3.6 Gravitational Lensing 42
4 Interlude: Quantum Ideal Gases 45
4.1 Planckian Units 46
4.2 Phase-Space Distributions 49
4.3 Quantum Many-Particle Distributions 51
4.4 The Classical Ideal Gas 51
4.5 A Photon Gas 53
4.6 A Degenerate Fermi Gas 55
5 Gravity versus Pressure 57
5.1 Spherical Hydrostatic Equilibrium 57
5.2 Solid Objects: Rock and Ice 59
5.3 The Clayton Model 60
5.4 The Virial Theorem (Again) 62
5.5 Fermi-Gas Remnants I: Virial Approximation 63
X
Contents
5.6 Fermi-Gas Remnants II: Numerics 65
6 Nuclear Fusion in Stars 68
6.1 The Reactions 69
6.2 Quantum Tunnelling and the WKB Approximation 69
6.3 The Reaction Rate 72
7 The Main Sequence of Stars 76
7.1 Opacity and Radiative Transfer 76
7.2 Luminosity and Effective Temperature 78
7.3 High-Mass Stars 79
7.4 Medium and Low-Mass Stars 81
8 The Expanding Universe 83
8.1 On Measuring Distances 83
8.2 The Cosmological Principle 85
8.3 The Concordance Cosmology 87
8.4 Distances and Lookback Times 90
8.5 Curvature and its Consequences 93
8.6 Standard Sirens 95
8.7 Redshift Drift 99
9 The Cosmic Microwave Background 101
9.1 Radiation Density and Matter Density 102
9.2 Recombination 103
9.3 CMB Fluctuations 105
Appendix A Rotations in Three Dimensions 107
Appendix B Hamiltonians 108
Appendix C Moving from Newtonian to Relativistic Frame-
works 111
Appendix D Working with Planckian Units H5
References 117
Index 119
Why don t rocket scientists write the mass of the Sun in kilograms? Why aren’t any
extrasolar planets very much larger than Jupiter, even though some are tens of times
heavier? And how can we infer that gravitational-wave sources observed with LIGO
must briefly outshine all the stars in the observable Universe?
■
The Astronomers Magic Envelope will not tell you the answers to these questions. Instead,
it will explain general principles that let you work out the answers to these questions
(and many others) yourself. Topics span the history of astronomy, linking frequently
with; example observations in NASA’s Astronomy Picture of the Dayy an online archive
of phenomena that have inspired centuries of human study and refinements in our
understanding of physics and the cosmos. Along the way, the text also mentions
some historical curiosities, like who really discovered Newtons laws of motion,
and what Planck said about extra-terrestrial cultures.
Readers should have a good knowledge of basic university physics and a willingness to
explore. Exercises include pencil and paper (or envelope!) calculations, as well transits
into basic scientific computing.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Saha, Prasenjit Taylor, Paul A. |
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| discipline | Physik |
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| id | DE-604.BV045003994 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:06:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198816478 9780198816461 |
| language | English |
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| physical | x, 121 Seiten Diagramme Breite 172 mm, Höhe 247 mm, |
| publishDate | 2018 |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
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| spelling | Saha, Prasenjit Verfasser (DE-588)1162302917 aut The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude Prasenjit Saha, University of Zurich, Paul A. Taylor, African Institute of Mathematical Sciences Oxford Oxford University Press 2018 x, 121 Seiten Diagramme Breite 172 mm, Höhe 247 mm, txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd rswk-swf Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 s DE-604 Taylor, Paul A. Verfasser (DE-588)1162303891 aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030396079&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030396079&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Saha, Prasenjit Taylor, Paul A. The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003326-0 |
| title | The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude |
| title_auth | The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude |
| title_exact_search | The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude |
| title_full | The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude Prasenjit Saha, University of Zurich, Paul A. Taylor, African Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| title_fullStr | The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude Prasenjit Saha, University of Zurich, Paul A. Taylor, African Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| title_full_unstemmed | The astronomers' magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude Prasenjit Saha, University of Zurich, Paul A. Taylor, African Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| title_short | The astronomers' magic envelope |
| title_sort | the astronomers magic envelope an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude |
| title_sub | an introduction to astrophysics emphasizing general principles and orders of magnitude |
| topic | Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astrophysik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030396079&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030396079&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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