Contemporary Russian politics: an introduction
"In this innovative new book, Neil Robinson places contemporary Russian politics in historical perspective to argue that Putin's regime has not overcome the problems that underpinned the momentous changes in twentieth-century Russian history when Russia veered from Tsarism to Soviet rule t...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, UK; Medford, USA
Polity
2018
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "In this innovative new book, Neil Robinson places contemporary Russian politics in historical perspective to argue that Putin's regime has not overcome the problems that underpinned the momentous changes in twentieth-century Russian history when Russia veered from Tsarism to Soviet rule to post-communist chaos"... |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 261-276 |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 290 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780745631363 9780745631370 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN POLITICS
/ ROBINSON, NEILYYD1964-YYEAUTHOR
: 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN RUSSIAN POLITICS
THE SOVIET SYSTEM
PERESTROIKA AND THE FALL OF THE USSR
YELTSIN AND THE POLITICS OF CRISIS
PUTINISM, REFORM AND RETRENCHMENT
PRESIDENCY AND PARLIAMENTS
RUSSIAN FEDERALISM
POLITICAL PARTIES AND OPPOSITION
ELECTIONS AND VOTERS
THE NEW RUSSIAN POLITICAL ECONOMY
RUSSIA AND THE WORLD
WHAT KIND OF POLITY IS RUSSIA?
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
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Index Page numbers in italics refer to tables and figures Ajust Russia 90, 91,121,159-60,164, 169,184,187, 190, 193 Abkhazia 225, 233 Abramovich, Roman 208 Afghanistan Soviet invasion of 43 US intervention 227-8, 234 Agrarian Party 153,175 agriculture collectivization 1,12, 26, 29 Akayev, Askar 230 alcoholism 44, 46, 47 anti-alcohol campaign, failure of 47-8 Alekperov, Vagit 83 All-Russian National Front 163-4 Andropov, Yuri 44, 45, 46 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty 228 Arab Spring 234, 257 armaments production 26, 30 Armenia 225, 231, 235 arms race between Soviet Union and West 43 Asian financial crisis (1997) 74, 204 al-Assad, Bashar 234, 238 authoritarianism 1 competitive 242, 243-4, 245, 246 developmental 254, 257 electoral 189, 195, 242, 243, 245-6, 258 sub-national 134-5 Azerbaijan 225 Baburova, Anastasia 231 ‘backwardness’, Soviet tendencies to 1, 9,11,14, 38, 41, 42, 43 Bahrain 234 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek 230 banks ‘bank wars’ 74, 85 interest rates 213 loans for shares programme 71, 202-3, 204, 205 loss of economic policy influence 74 barter trade see virtual economy Belarus 58, 98, 224, 225, 231, 235 Berezovsky, Boris 72, 74, 75, 82, 85, 205, 206 Beslan atrocity (2004) 89, 89, 90,142, 143 billionaires 208 birth rate, declining 203 black market 30 Black Sea fleet 226 Boldyrev, Yuri 154 Bolsheviks 1, 21, 22 Bosnia 227 Brezhnev, Leonid 36, 37, 38, 44, 47 ‘stability of cadres’ policy 36, 41, 44 Budapest Memorandum (1994) 224, 237 Budyonnovsk hostage crisis (1995) 114 Burbulis, Genadii 62, 66 bureaucracy bureaucratic predation 198, 206 CPSU 12,18, 19, 23-4, 26, 32, 34,
39, 48, 50 intransigence 13, 39 job rights of bureaucrats 111 self-interest 18,19, 39 Burke, Edmund 72 Bush, George H. W. 219, 220 Bush, George W. 227, 228, 230, 239 business associations 168 capacity, state 3, 5, 7, 24, 31, 74, 253, 255, 258
278 Index capital, relational 199, 201 capital flight 202, 215 capital productivity 38 capitalism 20, 28 industrial 20 liberal 18 patrimonial 254, 255 political 1,197,198,199, 216-17 state 87 Caucasus 54 censorship 25,166 Central Bank of Russia 64, 201, 209, 214 Central Committee 23-4, 25, 45, 48, 51, 111 departments 24 general secretaiy 23, 24 Secretariat 28, 45 centre-periphery relations see federahsm and regional politics Chechnya, Chechens 67,133,135, 145-6 Beslan atrocity 89, 89, 90,142,143 Budyonnovsk hostage crisis (1995) 114 Dagestan raids 76 electoral fraud 190-1,194,195 ethnic homogeneity 135 first Chechen war 69, 70,136-7,136, 176, 223 history of resistance 135 human rights abuses 146,166 second Chechen war 76-7, 80-1, 89, 137,142,145,180 struggle for secession 135-6 Chelyabinsk 72 Cheney, Dick 228 Chernenko, Konstantin 44, 45 Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster (1986) 48 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 66, 67, 70, 73, 74-5, 77, 180 China 229, 231, 234, 240 Chubais, Anatolii 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 Civic Union 66-7 civil society 119,120,165,170 co-option by the regime 119,167,168 mobilization 165,167-8 repression 102,167 see aho non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Civil War (1917-21) 11, 32 Clinton, Bill 224 coercion and coercive apparatus 4, 7, 12, 26, 31, 36, 40, 106, 243-4 Cold War 26, 219 ‘new Cold War’ 235 ‘second Cold War’ 43 collapse of the USSR 152,198, 256, 259 economic and military deficits 218, 219 loss of influence and prestige 218, 219, 220 Collective Rapid Reaction Force 231 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 231, 235 collectivism 12, 26, 29
‘colour revolutions’ 90,142,146,158, 167, 168, 181, 182, 220 US support for 229-30 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 58, 225 collective agreements 58, 225, 231, 235 Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 69, 71, 72, 76, 77, 90, 115, 117,120, 121, 152, 153, 155, 157, 159, 160, 164, 165, 175, 176-7, 178, 179, 180,183,186-7, 190, 193 Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) 1,18, 19 anti-CPSU protest 53,172 bureaucratic mind-set 12,18,19, 23-4, 26, 32, 34, 39, 48, 50 Central Committee 23-4, 25, 45, 48, 51, 111 charismatic claim to power 22 claim to represent collective social interest 19, 22, 31 disintegration of 40, 54, 56,199, 256 economic activity, direction of 26-30 elections 52, 53 ‘gap between words and deeds’ (Gorbachev) 18, 44, 46, 50 heroic self-image 18-19, 22 hierarchical nature of 22 invested interest in status quo 25-6 Marxist-Leninist political ideology 19, 21, 22 membership statistics 23
Index party-state 1, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 47 patronage 25 perceived as obstacle to change 52, 53 Politburo 12, 23, 25, 41, 44, 45 primary party organizations (PPOs) 23, 28 proposed reforms 50-1, 52, 58-9 in the Soviet system 22-39 structure and organization 23-4 vanguardism 22, 23, 24, 26, 30, 31, 46, 47 Yeltsin’s ban on 152, 153 competition, international economic and militaiy 8-9,13 competitive authoritarianism 242, 243-4, 245, 246 Congress of People’s Deputies 52, 53, 54, 55, 61, 109, 110-11, 151,158, 172-3, 225 conservatism, cultural 98-102, 232, 250 Constitution (1977) 21-2, 53, 55 Constitution (1993) 69, 77, 112-13, 117 constitutional amendments 113,118 constitutional struggle (1992-3) 66-7, 69,152,173 consumer goods production 41, 42 corporate ‘raiding’ 208 corruption 15, 19, 33, 34, 37, 41, 44, 74, 93, 125, 198, 201, 206, 216, 241, 249, 257 see also electoral fraud Council of Ministers 24, 28, 45 Crimea, annexation of (2014) 102,104, 129, 216, 219, 221, 224, 237, 238 cronyism 170 see also patronage politics Cuba 43 cultural globalization 99 cultural goods, Soviet 30 cultural turn in Russian politics 98-102, 232, 233, 234, 235, 250 customs tariffs 65 cynicism, popular 34 Dagestan 76, 194 Darkin, Sergei 140 debt, external, repayment of 212 defence sector 43, 44, 215-16 democracy 107, 249 developmental 5-6, 256-7, 255 industrial 12, 49, 50 liberal 1,19, 235 ‘managed democracy’ 157,182-3 parliamentary 107 party democracy see political parties popular dissatisfaction with 157 presidentialism, negative effect of 107-9 provincial subversion of 135 regional
discontents 147-9 sovereign 91, 92, 232 see also parliament Democratic Platform 54 Democratic Russia 55,151, 152 demographic crisis 203 demőkratizatsiya 52, 53 Derispaska, Oleg 83 détente 43 developmental authoritarianism 254, 257 developmental democracy 5-6, 256-7, 255 developmental state 197-8, 216, 255 divide and rule politics 91 ‘double shift’ 12 Dudayev, Dzhokhar 136 Duma 75, 76,113-18,114,153,158, 225 Council of the Duma 115 elections 69, 71, 77, 81, 87, 90, 93, 115, 120, 126, 153, 154, 156, 159, 160, 169, 172-87, 173-87, 174, 177, 179, 184, 186, 190, 193-4, 194, 246 factions 115,116,117,120 legislative process 113,121-2,121 mixed electoral system 155-6,173 proportional representation 77, 89, 90, 113, 153, 155, 173-4, 175, 176, 183, 185,193 SMD seats 113, 155, 156, 159, 160, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182, 183, 185,193 votes of no confidence 114 Dyachenko, Tatyana 74 Eastern Europe loss of 54 weakened hold on 43 see also specific countries economic aid 75, 223, 227 economic crises 1990 56 279
economic crises (cont.) 1995-6 69 1998 69, 204-5 international financial crisis (2008) 80, 94-6,102, 189, 213-14, 217 stimulus packages 94-5, 214 economic development collective interest and 26 defence-led growth 215-16 geographic core 7, 8 historic problems 8-9 political consensus, need for 215 popular participation in 35-6 Soviet era 11-12, 26-30, 34-8, 37 tsarist era 10-11 economic liberals 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 166, 175,182, 204 economic reform 199-200, 222 macro-economic stabilization 63 partial reform equilibrium 200 presidentialism and 108 ‘shock therapy’ 62-3, 64, 200 state-building strategy 62 under Gorbachev 46, 48, 199 under Putin 205, 212-13, 214-16 under Yeltsin 61-7, 68, 70-1, 73-5, 197, 199-204 see aho perestroika economy 197-217 barriers to trade and investment 209, 210 centrally planned economy see planned economy diversification 212, 215 energy exports, importance of 211, 212-13, 213, 214 growth 76, 82, 85, 94, 95, 123,182, 197, 198, 206, 209, 211, 212 increased state involvement in 208-9 indicators 200, 207 market economy 14, 28, 30, 197, 198 modernization programmes 14, 61-7, 68, 70-1, 73-5, 197, 199-200, 204, 205, 212-13, 214-16 monetization of 64,142, 205 oligarchic economy 201, 202-3, 204, 205, 208 Putin era 205-17 slowdowns 37, 37, 45, 213, 215, 216 virtual economy 11, 72, 201-2, 203, 204, 205, 209 Yeltsin era 199-205 see also economic crises; economic development; economic reform; planned economy elections 6,172-96 acclamatoiy function 172,195 CPSU 52, 53 dissatisfaction with electoral system 189-90, 191, 192-3 Duma elections 69, 71, 77, 81, 87, 90,
93, 115, 120, 126, 153, 154, 156, 159, 160,169, 172-87, 173-87, 174,177, 179, 184,186, 190,193-4, 194, 246 economic growth, and electoral advantage 182,187 electoral system changes 159,185, 193 instability risk 181-2, 243 Kremlin manipulation of 90,185, 186,187,189,191, 243, 244, 246 plebiscitary elections 184,185-6 presidential elections 71-2, 126, 172, 176, 178-9, 178,180-1,181, 183-4, 185, 187, 187,188-9, 191-2,192, 195, 246 ‘realness’ of electoral competition 244, 245 sociotropic voting 182 under Putin 172,180-96 under Yeltsin 172-81,188 electoral authoritarianism 189,195, 242, 243, 245-6, 258 competitive 245, 246 hegemonic 245-6 electoral fraud 90, 93, 97,134,158,173, 175, 187-9, 190-1, 192, 194, 195, 244, 246, 257 ehte groups 3, 5-6,13,14, 61, 67, 251-2, 253, 256-7 co-option into administration 14, 256 economic 83, 85,132,199 elite political management 257 factionalism 82,158 industrial 203 intellectual arrogance 100 political 132 post-Soviet 67, 68, 72 public policy capture by 108
Index Putin’s containment of 83, 85, 93, 126,158 regional 132,133,134 rent-seeking 1,108, 200, 203-4, 255 resistance to reform 5, 6, 13, 14, 17 see also intelligentsia; oligarchs energy exports 42, 79, 85, 94, 202, 205, 206, 209, 211 economic dependency on 211, 212-13, 213, 214 energy as political weapon 230 energy monopolies 73 enterprises (factories) 23, 28, 29, 49, 63 Estemirova, Natalya 231 Estonia 54 Eurasian Customs Union 235 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 216, 235-6 European Union 236 expansion 219, 222 Exxon 86 Fatherland-All Russia 76, 77, 81,120, 141,142, 160, 180, 181, 182,185 Federal Assembly 113 Federal Treaty (1992) 67, 133 federalism and regional politics 14, 128—49 asymmetrical federahsm 128,134-7 bilateral treaties 67, 71, 83,133,137, 140,141,149 ‘contract federalism’ 137 democratic discontents 147-9 dumas and assemblies 134 efforts to re-create the federal state 133-4 feedback mechanism to Moscow 147 leader elections, restoration of 147-9 leaders, appointment of 133,134, 143, 144, 145, 147 leaders’ performance evaluations 143—4 political loyalty 144-5,146 reform of 128,129,138-46 regional political parties 156 roll-back of regional power 138-9,158 sovereignty proclamations 140,141 sub-national authoritarianism 134-5 under Medvedev 144-5,146 under Putin 129, 138-49 under Yeltsin 67-8, 73,129-38,141,147 Federation Council 69, 113,114,115, 122, 134,139,140-1, 147, 175 Fedorov, Boris 67 First World War 11, 32,101 fiscal crisis 15, 79, 204 five-year plans 28, 37-8 foreign capital 64, 202 foreign currency earnings 42 foreign investment 212 foreign markets,
borrowing on 209-11 foreign policy 218-40 anti-Western orientation 223, 226-7, 228-39 Atlanticism 222, 223-5, 226 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) affairs 225-6 compromises 222-3, 226 drivers of 219-23 Eurasianism 224, 231, 235-6 ideological turn 231, 234-5 impact of domestic political development 222, 223 integration into global governance structures 221 lack of consensus 222 multilateralism 224, 226, 227 multipolarism 226-7 peacekeeping duties 226 personalization of 223, 239 pragmatism 223, 228, 229 regional security bodies, development of 231 Russian-US relations 227-9, 230, 232-4, 238-9 under Gorbachev 224 under Khrushchev 43 under Putin 102,182, 216, 218, 223, 227-40 under Yeltsin 218, 222-7, 239 violation of international agreements and laws 221, 237 ‘West is to blame’ argument 220, 221, 222, 233 foreign reserves 212, 215 foreign trade 43, 64 see also energy exports formalism 33-4 Fridman, Mikhail 83 FSB 76 fiili employment 42 281
Index Gaidar, Yegor 62, 63, 66,175,180, 201, 224 Gazprom 56, 66, 70, 82, 208, 209 GDP growth 85, 206, 216 Georgia 90,158 and NATO membership 220, 233 Rose Revolution 229, 230 war with (2008) 220, 233 gerontocracy 41, 44, 45 gerrymandering 134 Gerschenkron, Alexander 10 glasnost 45, 46, 47, 48, 54 Glazyev, Sergei 183 Gorbachev, Mikhail 13,18, 39, 41, 44, 49 on Chernobyl 48 coup against 40, 57, 57, 61 ‘drift to the right’ 56 economic reform 46, 48,199 glasnost 45, 46, 47, 48, 54 leaves power 58 loses control of political agenda 54 political reform see perestroïka power consolidation 46 presidency 44, 45, 55 relations with Yeltsin 51 Gosplan (State Planning Committee) 28, 29, 75 Gotov к trudu i oborane programme 101 governance indicators 15,16, 93 government bonds 203, 204 government debt market 205 Grundin, Pavel 195 Gusinsky, Vladimir 81, 82, 85, 205-6 hard budget constraints 28 hegemonic presidency 117-18 human rights abuses 146,166,167, 230, 236 hybrid regimes 242-9 hydro-carbon fuels 79 see aho energy exports; oil ideological politics 2, 98-102 Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan 134,145 impeachment 107,108, 114-15,118 income inequality 203 industrial capitalism 20 industrial democracy 12, 49, 50 industiy contraction 214 five-year plans 28 heavy 26, 28, 30, 32 huge investment needs 43 inefficiencies 28, 29, 49, 201 innovation 209, 210 monopolies 42, 64 productivity levels 29, 43 quality deficit 43, 48, 64 soft budget constraints 28, 29, 64, 201 specialization 42 subsidies 28, 42, 63, 64, 201, 202, 209, 214 uncompetitive 211 underutilized capacity 209, 215 inflation 63, 64 influence
peddling 14, 37,112 informal politics 14,125, 247, 248 institutional overlap 111-12 institutional redundancy, politics of 111-12,119,120 intelligentsia 10, 45,100,101 international financial crisis 80, 94-6, 102, 189, 213-14, 217 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 75, 219, 221 international prestige, loss of 14, 218, 219, 220 internet 166-7 Inter-Regional Deputies Group (IRDG) 53, 54,151 investment demand and returns 38, 42, 43, 48, 82 investment transfers 80 Iran 228, 231, 234 Iraq 220, 228, 229 Ivanov, Igor 228 Kabardino-Balkaria 194 Kadyrov, Ahmad 145-6 Kadyrov, Ramzan 146 Kalmykia 134,145 Kasparov, Garry 169,170 Kasyanov, Mikhail 124,146,169 Kazakhstan 44,108, 224, 231, 235 Kemerovo 194 KGB 24, 76, 81, 154 Khakamada, Irina 183 Khasbulatov, Ruslan 65, 69 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 86, 86, 87, 208, 245, 248 Khrushchev, Nikita 36, 39, 43, 51 Kiriyenko, Sergei 75, 77,114
Index Korzhakov, Aleksandr 70 Kosovo 227, 233 Kozyrev, Andrei 224, 226 Kravchuk, Leonid 58 Kuchma, Leonid 90 Kudrin, Aleksei 87,166 Kuvaldin, Viktor 127 Kyrgyzstan 90,158, 231, 235 Tulip Revolution 229, 230 labour discipline 44, 46 labour productivity 29, 38, 42, 43 Latvia 54 Lavrov, Sergei 228, 233 law, rule of 15,122,125,137, 241 Law on Enterprises 49 Law on the President of the RSFSR 110 Le Pen, Marine 239, 240 leader-arbiters 80 Legislative Council 119 Lenin, Vladimir 11, 20, 21, 23^1 LGBT community 101 liberal capitalism 18 liberal democracy 1,19, 235 Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) 69, 121, 154, 157, 160, 164, 165, 175, 176, 179, 187, 190, 193 Libya 234 life expectancy 44 Ligachev, Yegor 45, 47 Limonov, Eduard 169 Lisbon Protocol (1992) 224 Lithuania 54 Litvinenko, Alexander 231 living standards 13, 14-15, 42, 46, 206, 217 loans for shares programme 71, 202-3, 204, 205 lobbyists 66,140-1,151 Lukin, Vladimir 154 Luzhkov, Yurii 76, 77,141,146 Magnitsky, Sergei 231, 234 Malaysian Airlines flight MH17, downing of 237, 238 Markelov, Stanislav 231 market economy 28, 30 transition to 14,197,198 Marxism-Leninism 2,19, 20, 21, 22, 24 scientific thought 22 media oversight of 25, 158, 166 propaganda tool 166 Media-Most 82 Medved-Unity 77 Medvedev, Dmitry 14, 60, 98, 119,122, 143,171 approval ratings 189 modernization agenda 14, 94, 95-6, 97, 125, 214-15 presidency 93, 94, 95-7,125,126,187, 189, 213, 232, 233 and Putin’s agenda 94, 125, 186 regional politics 144-5,146 transitional leadership 104 Miklushevsky, Vladimir 145 military competition 8, 9 Soviet catch-up 13,
238 miners’ strikes (1989) 53-4 Minnikhanov, Rustam 145 Minsk Process 238 Mironov, Sergei 169,184 mobilization, popular 11-12,17, 24, 29, 36, 37 modernization 9-10 autocratic 10-11 Putin era 95-6 Soviet system 34-8 Stalinist 1,11 see aho economic reform Moldova 225, 235-6 monetization reforms 64,142, 205 mono-ethnicism 100 monopolies 42, 64, 73, 95 morbidity 203 Moscow apartment bombings (1999) 76, 80, 81 Moscow theatre attack (2002) 89 Most Bank 82 multiculturalism 99 Mutually Assured Destruction 43 Nashi (Ours) 91,167-8 National Wealth Fund 212 nationalism 13, 47, 54, 57-8,136 Nationalist Bolshevik Party 169 nationalization 26 NATO 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 228, 230, 233, 235, 238 expansion of 221, 222, 227 Russian membership 227 283
Navalny, Alexei 102,105,124,148-9, 148, 166-7,170, 171,188,189,195, 246, 249 Nazdratenko, Evgeny 140 ‘negative value added’ products 43, 64 Nemtsov, Boris 73, 74, 95,102,124,146, 170,191, 231 neo-conservatism 228-9, 232, 233, 239 neo-patrimonialism 249-59, 251, 254 ‘new middle class’ 189 ‘new world order’ 219 9/11 227 Nizhny Novgorod 73, 124 nomenklatura 25, 56, 62, 63, 64, 68,133, 199, 200 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 90, 92,167,168 foreign 90, 91,167 government-organized NGOs 90, 91, 168 repression of 102,167 normative state 248, 249, 257 North Korea 228 Novorossiya 238 NTV television station 81, 82, 206 nuclear balance of power 43 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 224 nuclear weapons 224, 226, 228 Obama, Barack 232-3, 234 oblasts and krais 44,129,137 oil economic dependency on 205, 206, 212-13, 213 prices 38, 42, 76, 94, 95, 204, 206, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 oligarchs 71, 72, 73, 74, 95 failure to protect collective interests 74, 81, 204 and the international financial crisis 95 oligarchic economy 201, 202-3, 204, 205, 208 Putin’s containment of 82-3, 85-7, 119,120,122, 126,182, 205-6, 248 ‘state oligarchs’ 83 tax defaulters 73 Oneksimbank 74 opposition 150,157,164-71 civil society 165,167-8,170 Coordinating Council 170 fragmentation 169-70 non-systemic 165-71,183 public belief in need for 168-9 social media activism 166-7,171 systemic 157,164,169 weakness of 2 order and security 3, 4, 8, 9 see abo law, rule of organizational integrity 3, 4, 7,15, 24, 31, 33 Orlov, Aleksei 145 ORT 82, 205 Other Russia 169 Our Home is Russia 71,115,154,160,176 para-
constitutionalism 119-20 Paris Club 212 parliament coalitions 107 contest with presidency 68-9,106, 110-11,112-18 two-tier 113 see abo Duma partial reform equilibrium 204 Party of Russian Unity and Accord 154, 160 party system 152-3 ‘cartelized’ system 164-5 management and consolidation of 157-60,169 non-systemic 165-71 see abo political parties passivity, popular 34 patrimonial capitalism 254, 255 patronage politics 14, 25, 61, 111, 112, 117,122, 255 patronal presidency 117,118,122 People’s Party of Free Russia 66 per capita income levels 85 perestroika 40, 41-54, 61,136 failure of 51-4, 58-9 lack of clarity 58 origins of 41-5 piecemeal implementation 47 political parties and 151-2 ‘pre-crisis situation’ 44 personalized politics 1-2, 80,143,163, 241, 252, 255 Pitersy 81, 82, 93 planned economy 25, 26-30, 32, 38, 197,199
collective interest as motor force 26, 30 demand for growth 29 five-year plans 28 inefficiencies 28, 29 move to market economy 14,197, 198 policy reinterpretations and cover-ups 32-3 politically planned production 28 quality issues 29 relational capital 199, 201 targets 29, 32 Poland 43, 228, 233 Politburo 12, 23, 25 gerontocracy 41, 44, 45 political development 2-17, 241, 253 compromise 241 developmental authoritarianism 254, 257 geographic factors 7-8,17 in a neo-patrimonial space 253, 255, 254-5, 256 post-Soviet era 14-17 radical shifts in 7 Slavophile/Westernizer debate 9-10 Soviet era 11-13 state development and 2-6,17 tsarist era 9-11 see aho regime building; state building political geography 7 political parties 150-71 consolidation of party system 157-60 and the constitutional struggle (1992-3) 152 dominant parties 161-2,163 financial strictures 158,159 hegemonic parties 161,162 non-systemic parties 150,157,165-71 opposition 150,157,164-71 oversupply and fragmentation 150, 153,156,157, 196 party substitutes 156 and perestroika 151-2 personalized parties 163 popular distrust of 157 project parties 90,119,150,154,159, 183, 187, 249 ‘red-brown’ coalition 152 regional parties 156 registration requirements 158-9,185 systemic parties 157, 164, 171 under Putin 150,157-64 under Yeltsin 150,152-7 political pluralism 243 Politkovskaya, Anna 166, 231 polonium 231 polpredy 133,138-9, 146 population growth, slowdown in 38 Potanin, Vladimir 72, 73, 74, 83 presidency, presidentialism 106-27 checks on presidential power 113-15 coalition building 107,109 compromise and coercion 106
consolidation of 112-18 contest with parliament 68-9,106, 110-11,112-18 deal-making 108 democratic harms 106,107-9 elections 71-2,126,176,178-9,178, 180-1, 181,183-4, 185, 187, 187, 188-9, 191-2, 192, 246 favouring of elite interests 108 hegemonic presidency 117-18 impeachment 107,108,114-15,118 and limitations on reform 108 new constitutional powers 118 origins and development of 106, 109-12 patronal presidency 117, 118, 122 post-communist presidentialism 107-8 presidential problem 107-9 Putin 118-26, 245 as repository of popular will 109-10 semi-presidential systems 115,117 ‘superpresidentialism’ 111, 117-18, 124 veto power 110 Presidential Council for Priority Projects 119 ‘presidential vertical’ 62, 67,133,138, 143 press freedom 46 price liberalization 63, 64 Primakov, Yevgeny 75-6, 77,114,117, 226 primary party organizations (PPOs) 23, 28 Primorskii 140,145 privatization 56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 83, 87, 132, 199, 202, 208
286 Index Progress Party 170 project parties 90, 119, 150, 154, 159, 183,187, 249 proletariat 20 propaganda posters 21, 27 property rights 63 Public Chamber 119,167 public-private distinction, negation of 30 purges 34 Pussy Riot 91-2,102, 124 Putin, Vladimir 15,17, 60, 86, 98,123, 211 acting president 77, 80, 84 approval ratings 77, 80, 84, 87, 88, 96, 97, 102, 103, 119, 122-3, 182, 189, 238 and the Chechyna campaign 76-7, 180 control over Duma agenda 81 Crimean annexation 102,104,129, 216, 219, 221, 224, 237, 238 ‘cultural turn’ 2, 98-102, 232, 233, 234, 235, 250 economic modernization programme 205, 212-13, 214-16 and electoral politics 172, 180-96 faction control 81-2 federalism and regional politics 129, 138—19 first presidential term 80-7 foreign policy 102,182, 216, 218, 223, 227-40 fourth presidential term 195, 246 ideological opacity 182 KGB career 81 Medvedev-Putin tandem 92-7,125, 146,186 Munich speech (2007) 232, 239 and normalization of Russian politics 84, 85, 92 oligarchs and 82-3, 85-7,119,120, 122, 126, 182, 205-6, 248 opposition, Russian 87, 124, 146 opposition and criticism from abroad 91 party politics 150,157-64 performance legitimacy 184,187, 206 personality cult 122-3 presidential power, consolidation of 118-26, 245 prime minister 76, 80, 87, 90, 93, 94, 180 Putinism, building and consolidating 80-92 reform and modernization 14, 93, 94, 97-8, 125-6 and regime stability 17, 79, 85, 93, 104, 257, 259 second presidential term 87, 88, 92, 125 sistema 124-5,126, 247 state building project 79, 84, 93-4 succession management 93 third presidential term 80,
96-103, 125, 126, 189, 192, 215-16, 234, 257 transitional leadership 104 version of democracy 99 radical Islam 137,145 raw materials exports 79, 202 Reagan, Ronald 43, 228 recentralization of power 84,141,142, 149 referendum (1991) 56-7 referendum (1993) 152,173 reform 41-59 compromise 15, 69-70 constituency for change 41, 44-5 credible commitment to 63, 65, 74, 75, 200 perestroika see perestroika of regional politics 128,129,138—16 resistance to 5, 6,13,14,17, 39, 40, 47, 50, 58, 60, 152 Soviet era 36, 41 and threat to regime stability 5,15, 78 ‘wait and see’ attitude to 51 see abo economic reform regime building 2-7, 241 consolidation 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 252, 253 personalized forms of 256 problematic relationship with state building 4, 5, 6, 7,17, 41, 61, 252, 253—1 Putin era 104 reform, threat of 5,15 regime stability 5, 7, 41 regime strength 4, 5 Soviet 11-13 Yeltsin era 69-75
Index regime change 3, 229, 234 regime hybridity 242-9 regional leaders 44-5, 68, 81 Putin’s containment of 83-4, 85, 89-90,119, 139-40,147-9 see abo federalism and regional politics regional party secretaries 44, 45 regional politics see federalism and regional politics regulatory quality 15 relational capital 199, 201 rent-seeking 1,108, 200, 203-4, 255 Republican Party of Russia 159 Reserve Fund 212 revenue accumulation and administration 204, 205, 209, 212, 253, 254 revolutionary crisis (1905-7) 11 Rodina (Motherland) 159,160,164,183, 184 Romanov dynasty 1 Rosneft 86, 87, 208, 209 Rossel, Eduard 144 Rotenberg, Arkady 170 rouble devaluation (1998) 75, 82, 205 RPR-PARNAS 159, 169,170,193 Rumsfeld, Donald 228 Rusal 209 Russian Constitutional Court 110 Russian Federation governmental structures 61 map xiv regions and republics 129,130-2,132 Russian Muslim Public Movement 155 Russian Orthodox Christianity 98-9, 236 Russian polity 241-60 authoritarianism 242-6 dual state idea 248-9 informal politics 14,125, 247, 248 neo-patrimonialism 249-59 regime hybridity 242-9 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 21 Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR) 44,109,128 sovereignty declaration 55 see also Russian Federation Russian United Labour Front 169 Russian Unity and Accord 174,175,176 Russia’s Choice 154,160,174,175,176 Rutskoi, Aleksandr 65, 66, 67, 69 Ryzhkov, Nikolai 45 Ryzhkov, Vladimir 170 Saakashvili, Mikheil 230, 233 St Petersburgers see Pitersy Sakharov, Andrei 48, 53 sanctions against Russia 216, 234, 238, 239 scientific-technical revolution 37, 46 Sechin,
Igor 86, 87 ‘second economy’ 37, 46 Second World War 135 secrecy, culture of 48 Security Council 72, 74, 111, 139,140 self-censorship 166 self-determination 100,136 separatism 99,136,137,143, 237 Serbia 158, 227, 233 Shamiyev, Mintimir 133, 141, 145 Shanghai Cooperation Organization 231 Shchekochikhin, Yuri 231 shortages, tyranny of 31 Shuskevich, Stanislau 58 Sibneft 208 siloviki 81, 82, 86, 87, 92 single-mandate districts (SMDs) 113, 155, 156, 159, 160, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182, 183, 185, 193 sistema 124-5, 126, 247, 248 Sobchak, Ksenia 195, 246 Sobyanin, Sergei 146,148,149 social engineering 26 social inequality 208 social justice 44, 45,170 social media activism 166-7,171 socialism 20-1, 22, 26, 34, 36, 44, 48 ‘developed socialism’ 47 ‘socialist pluralism of opinions’ 52, 53 sociotropic voting 182 soft budget constraints 28, 29, 64, 201 soft power 100 South Ossetia 225, 233 sovereign democracy 91, 92, 232 Soviet ruling class see nomenklatura Soviet system 1,18-39 aims of 18,19 centrally planned economy 26-30 CPSU in 22-39 287
288 » ·. ·■ m Index Soviet system (cont.) ‘dictatorship over needs’ 30, 31 dysfunctions 18, 26, 30-8 failure of 18, 59 formalism 33-4 fusion of economy and politics 18, 19 informal Soviet polity 31-4, 37 intellectual origins of 19-22 modernization 34-8, 35 neo-traditional system 37 self-image 18-19 social discontent with 13 stagnation 36-7, 39 Soviets (councils) 24 space programme 38 ‘stability of cadres’ policy 36, 41, 44 Stalin, Joseph 11, 21, 26, 31, 36, 82-3,101 on formalism 33-4 on modernization 11 purges 34 START I treaty 224, 234 state autonomy 252-3 state building 2-4 consolidation 4 difficulties 3-A failure of Soviet model 13-14 post-Soviet efforts 14, 60-105, 78, 79 pressure to build up the state 7, 9-10, 14, 15 problematic relationship with regime building 4, 6, 7,14,17 risk-averse form of 79 state functions 3, 4 state strength 4-5 see abo developmental state state capitalism 87 state-civilizations 98-100,102, 232 State Committee for the State of Emergency (SCSE) 57 State Council 119 Stavropol Krai 114 Stepashin, Sergei 76,117 sub-national authoritarianism 134-5 subsidies 28, 63, 64, 201, 202, 209, 214 Subtropical Party 7 superpower competition 44 super-rich 208, 217 see abo oligarchs Supreme Soviet 52, 53, 55, 61,109,110, 158,173, 225 Surkov, Vladislav 91,124,159,167 surveillance 31 Sverdlovsk 137,144 Syria 234, 238, 240 system management 84-5 Tajikistan 225, 231, 236 Taliban 227, 229 Tatarstan 67,133,139,140,141,145 taxation 64, 65, 201 non-payment and arrears 73, 74,133, 202, 203, 204 oil industry 86 payment in kind 72, 204, 205 reform 73, 204 regions 67, 68,
73, 133, 137, 140, 205 tax exemptions 137 technology transfers 80 Tenth Party Congress (1921) 22, 32 Thatcher, Margaret 43 trade unions 24, 43 ‘traditional Russian values’ see cultural turn in Russian politics Transnistria 225, 238 Trotsky, Leon 34 Trump, Donald 238-9, 240 tsarism 20-1 economic development 10-11 failure of 14 political development 9-10 Tyumen 146 Udaltsov, Sergei 169, 170 Ukraine 44, 54, 98, 218, 220-1, 224, 225 Chernobyl 48 Crimea, annexation of (2014) 102, 104,129, 216, 219, 221, 224, 237, 238 EU-Ukrainian relations 222, 236, 237 EuroMaidan revolt 102,168, 219, 221, 236-7, 237, 257 independence 58 miners’ strikes 53 and NATO membership 220, 233, 235, 238 Orange Revolution 90,119, 142, 158, 220, 221, 229, 230, 235 restricted gas supplies to 230 Russian-Ukrainian relations 220-1, 236-8
Index unemployment 214 Union of Right Forces 77, 166, 168, 169, 180,183, 187 Union of Unity and Fatherland 160 unipolarity 232 United Civil Front 169 United Nations 221, 226, 229 Security Council 227, 229 United Russia 1-2, 81, 84, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 105, 119,120-1, 122, 123, 126, 144, 145, 146,148, 150,156, 160-4, 162, 165,166-7, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189-91, 193, 194-5, 245, 246, 259 Unity 81, 120, 154, 160, 180,182 urbanization 35, 38 USA 219, 224, 227-9, 230, 232-4, 238-9 and Afghanistan 227-8, 234 defence spending 43 neo-conservatism 228-9, 232, 233, 239 presidential election 239 ‘war on terror’ 117-18, 229, 239 USSR collapse of 40-1, 56, 58, 60,152,198, 218, 219, 220, 256, 259 economic development 11-12 political development 11-13 political and economic stagnation 41, 44, 47 political reform see perestroika see abo Soviet system Uzbekistan 108, 230, 231, 236 vanguardism 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 30, 31, 46, 47 Varangians 145 Venezuela 240 Vietnam 43 violence, state 12,13, 26, 31, 54,102 virtual economy 11, 72, 201-2, 203, 204, 205, 209 voice and accountability 15 wages arrears 202, 203 monetization 72 payment in kind 72, 201 ‘war on terror’ 227-8, 229, 239 Warsaw Pact 219, 225 welfare benefits, monetization of 142, 147, 206 Wellington, Duke of 9 Witte, Sergei 10,11 Women of Russia 155 work absenteeism 44, 46 World Bank 219, 221 governance indicators 15,16 World Trade Organization 219 Yabloko 69, 77,154,166,169,175,176, 179, 183, 187, 190, 193,195 Yanukovych, Viktor 90, 235, 236, 237 Yashin, Ilya 170 Yavlinsky, Grigory 77,154,195 Yeltsin, Boris 14,15,17, 40, 45, 51,
56, 60, 79, 224 and anti-CPSU protest 53 anti-Yeltsin forces 68 chairman of Supreme Soviet 55,109 coalition building 66, 67, 70, 111, 112, 120,126 constitutional crisis 68-9,133 co-option of elite factions 14, 256 and coup against Gorbachev 57, 57, 61 creates ‘presidential vertical’ 67,133, 138 crisis, politics of 60-78 and democratic transition 62, 64, 69, 77 economic reform 61-7, 68, 70-1, 73-5, 197, 199-200, 204 and electoral politics 172-81, 188 and exit from USSR 58 ‘family’ 74, 82, 83 federalism and regional politics 67-8, 73, 129-38, 141, 147 foreign policy 218, 222-7, 239 head of Moscow city party 46, 47, 51 health problems 70, 71, 73, 75 immunity from prosecution 77 institutional redundancy, politics of 111-12,119,120 oligarchic relationships 71, 72 party politics 150,152-7 patronage politics 14, 111, 112,117, 120,122 patronage of Putin 81,117 populism 47 power struggle with parliament 68-9,133 í 289
290 Index Yeltsin, Boris (cont.) presidency 14, 51, 57,109-11,114,115, 117, 118, 120, 126, 151 prime minister 62 re-election 71-2, 204 reform project and compromises 14, 61-75, 77, 79, 111, 196 regime consolidation 14, 69-75 relations with Gorbachev 51, 57 resigns presidency 77 succession planning 69, 75-7, 78, 118,129 ‘superpresidentialism’ 111, 117 and threat of civil war 69 ‘Yeltsin affair’ 51 Yukos 85-7, 91, 208, 248 Yushchenko, Viktor 90, 230 235 Yushenkov, Sergei 231 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 69, 77, 154,160, 169, 175,182,183, 195 Zyuganov, Gennady 71, 72, 76,117, 155, 169, 178, 180, 183 BaywIMt* Staetebiblłothek Mönchen ___ ___J
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Robinson, Neil 1964- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1025229401 |
| author_facet | Robinson, Neil 1964- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Robinson, Neil 1964- |
| author_variant | n r nr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045002032 |
| callnumber-first | J - Political Science |
| callnumber-label | JN6695 |
| callnumber-raw | JN6695 |
| callnumber-search | JN6695 |
| callnumber-sort | JN 46695 |
| classification_rvk | MG 85000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1040031397 (DE-599)BVBBV045002032 |
| dewey-full | 320.947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| dewey-raw | 320.947 |
| dewey-search | 320.947 |
| dewey-sort | 3320.947 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Einführung |
| geographic | Russia (Federation) Politics and government 1991- Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russia (Federation) Politics and government 1991- Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV045002032 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:06:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780745631363 9780745631370 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017057445 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030394153 |
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| physical | xii, 290 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
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| publishDate | 2018 |
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| publisher | Polity |
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| spelling | Robinson, Neil 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1025229401 aut Contemporary Russian politics an introduction Neil Robinson Cambridge, UK; Medford, USA Polity 2018 xii, 290 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 261-276 "In this innovative new book, Neil Robinson places contemporary Russian politics in historical perspective to argue that Putin's regime has not overcome the problems that underpinned the momentous changes in twentieth-century Russian history when Russia veered from Tsarism to Soviet rule to post-communist chaos"... Geschichte gnd rswk-swf POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General / bisacsh Post-communism Russia (Federation) POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) Politics and government 1991- Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-509-52518-8 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030394153&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030394153&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030394153&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Robinson, Neil 1964- Contemporary Russian politics an introduction POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General / bisacsh Post-communism Russia (Federation) POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4046584-6 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Contemporary Russian politics an introduction |
| title_auth | Contemporary Russian politics an introduction |
| title_exact_search | Contemporary Russian politics an introduction |
| title_full | Contemporary Russian politics an introduction Neil Robinson |
| title_fullStr | Contemporary Russian politics an introduction Neil Robinson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contemporary Russian politics an introduction Neil Robinson |
| title_short | Contemporary Russian politics |
| title_sort | contemporary russian politics an introduction |
| title_sub | an introduction |
| topic | POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General / bisacsh Post-communism Russia (Federation) POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General / bisacsh Post-communism Russia (Federation) POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General Politik Politisches System Russia (Federation) Politics and government 1991- Russland Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030394153&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030394153&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030394153&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robinsonneil contemporaryrussianpoliticsanintroduction |