Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Washington, D.C.
National Academies Press
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource (147 pages) |
| ISBN: | 9780309440493 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Approaches to Understanding the
Cumulative Effects of Stressors on
Marine Mammals
Committee on the Assessment of the Cumulative Elfects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Mammals
Ocean Studies Board
Division on Eartli and Life Studies
A Report of
The National Academies of
SCIENCES • ENGINEERING • MEDICINE
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www nap edu
Contents
Summary 1
1 Introduction
Origin of the Report and Statement of Task I I
Review of Previous NRC Reports on Marin ; Mammals and Sound, 13
Report Overview and Organization 14
2 Estimating Exposure and Effects of Sound on Wildlife 17
Introduction, 17
Terrestrial Studies, 19
Marine Studies, 20
Indirect Effects of Sound on Marine Mammals 31
Recommendations, 32
3 , Current Understanding of Stressors 33
Introduction, 33
Potential Environmental (Extrinsic) Stressois 34
Spatial and Temporal Variation Among Stre ;sors, 39
Summary and Conclusions 40
4 Assessing Interactions Among Stressors 41
Introduction, 41
Studies of Multiple Stressors: A Brief Review 42
Cumulative Impact Scores, 44
Predicting How Multiple Stressors Are Likely to Interact, 45
Potential Interactions Among Stressors 47
Prioritizing Stressors for Cumulative Effect; Analysis, 51
Case Studies: Difficulties in Inferring Causes of Declines, 53
5 Modeling the Population Consequences of Exposure to Multiple Stressors 59
Introduction, 59 -
Defining Individual Health 60
A Conceptual Model for the Cumulative Effects of Multiple Stressors 61
Applying the PCoMS Framework to North Atlantic Right Whales, 64
Quantifying Exposure-Related Changes in Physiology and Associated Changes in Behavior, 64
Quantifying Exposure-Related Changes in I idividual Health 66
CONTENTS
6 Interactions Among Stressors and Challenges to Understanding 69
Their Cumulative Effects
Introduction, 69
Conceptualizing Process, 69
The Interaction Web, 69
Relationship Between Stressor Level and Interaction Web Response, 71
Ecological Surprises, 73
Designing Approaches to Understanding Stressor Impacts and the Principles of
Scientific Inference, 75
Adaptive Management, 76
Conclusions, 77
7 Early Warning Signs of Risk to Populations 79
Introduction, 79
Monitoring Population Size, 80
Monitoring Demographic Parameters 8 I
Monitoring Population Health, 82
Early Warning of Tipping Points, 84
8 Approaches to Assess Cumulative Impacts 85
Introduction, 85
Approaches with Limited Application for Evaluating Cumulative Effects in
Marine Mammals 85
Sampling Strategies That Depend on Ranging Patterns, 86
Approaches to Assess Components of tl e PCoMS Framework, 87
Recommendations, 96
References 99
Appendixes
A Workshop Agenda 119
B Relevant Laws and Regulations 121
,C Committee and Staff Biographies 129
D Glossary 133
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| spelling | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Verfasser aut Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals Washington, D.C. National Academies Press 2017 © 2017 1 online resource (147 pages) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Marine mammals--Effect of water pollution Studies, Division on Earth and Life Sonstige oth Board, Ocean Studies Sonstige oth Mammals, Committee on the Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press,c2017 9780309440486 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030381429&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals Marine mammals--Effect of water pollution |
| title | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_auth | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_exact_search | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_full | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_fullStr | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_short | Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals |
| title_sort | approaches to understanding the cumulative effects of stressors on marine mammals |
| topic | Marine mammals--Effect of water pollution |
| topic_facet | Marine mammals--Effect of water pollution |
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