Cosmology and the early universe:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton ; London ; New York
CRC Press
[2018]
|
| Series: | Series in astronomy and astrophysics
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 243 Seiten Diagramme Breite 178 mm, Höhe 254 mm |
| ISBN: | 9781498761703 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
A
Conventions xiii
Preface xv
Section I Cosmology
Chapter 1 ■ Historical breakthroughs 3
Chapter 2 ■ Fundamental observations 9
2.1 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 9
2.2 NOT JUST ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 12
2.3 MEASURING DISTANCES: THE COSMIC DISTANCE LADDER 14
2.3.1 Parallax distance 14
2.3.2 Luminosity distance 14
2.3.3 Angular distance 15
2.3.4 Cosmic distance ladder 15
2.3.5 Standard sirens 17
2.4 COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE 17
2.5 COSMOLOGICAL EXPANSION AND HUBBLE S LAW 18
2.6 CMB RADIATION 21
2.7 PRIMORDIAL NUCLEAR ABUNDANCES 23
2.8 LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE 23
Chapter 3 ■ A Newtonian cosmology? 27
3.1 NEWTON’S STATIC UNIVERSE 27
3.2 THE MILNE-McCREA MODEL 28
3.2.1 Everywhere uniform expansion 29
3.2.2 CMB in the Milne-McCrea model 31
3.2.3 Limitations of the Milne-McCrea model 33
Chapter 4 ■ From classical mechanics to relativistic theories____37
4.1 SCALARS, VECTORS AND TENSORS IN CLASSICAL MECHANICS 37
viii ■ Contents
4.1.1 The Galilean space-time 37
4.1.1.1 Symmetries of the Galilean space-time 38
4.1.1.2 Galilean transformations 38
4.1.1.3 Scalars and vectors in classical mechanics 39
4.1.1.4 Tensors in classical mechanics 40
4.2 A REMINDER OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY 41
4.2.1 Postulates 42
4.2.2 Simultaneous events 43
4.2.3 Minkowski space 44
4.2.4 Lorentz boost along the x-axis 46
4.2.5 Proper time 47
4.2.5.1 Relativistic Doppler effect 48
4.2.6 Proper length 48
4.2.7 General Lorentz transformations 49
4.2.8 Scalars and 4-vectors (in special relativity) 50
4.2.9 Tensors 53
4.2.10 The energy-momentum tensor 53
4.2.11 Relativistic action and equations of motion for a free particle 54
4.2.12 Maxwell’s equations in a covariant form 55
4.3 ELEMENTS OF GENERAL RELATIVITY 56
4.3.1 Coordinate transformations in the absence of a gravita-
tional field 57
4.3.2 Equivalence principle 58
4.3.3 Equations of motion for a point-like particle in a gravita-
tional field: the geodesic equation 60
4.3.4 The Newtonian limit 62
4.3.5 Vectors and tensors in general relativity 63
4.3.6 The geometric analogy 63
4.3.7 Einstein’s equations 64
4.4 SYNCHRONOUS FRAMES 66
Chapter 5 ■ Geometry of the universe ______________________________ 69
5.1 COSMOLOGY FOR ANTS: THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANALOGY 69
5.2 THE FRIEDMANN-ROBERTSON-WALKER METRIC 72
5.3 TOPOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSE 75
Chapter 6 ■ Dynamics of the universe 79
6.1 THE COMOVING SYSTEM 79
6.1.1 Absolute scale of velocities 79
Contents ■ ix
6.1.2 Free-falling objects initially at rest in the comoving system
remain at rest forever 80
6.1.3 Redshift of momentum 81
6.1.4 Cosmological redshifts 82
6.2 PROPER DISTANCE OF A LUMINOUS SOURCE 83
6.3 LEMAITRE’S EQUATION 84
6.4 THE TWO FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF FRIEDMANN
COSMOLOGY 86
6.5 CRITICAL ENERGY DENSITY 88
6.6 FRIEDMANN EQUATION AS A CONSERVATIVE SYSTEM 90
Chapter 7 ■ Building a cosmological model 93
7.1 GENERAL STRATEGY 93
7.2 THE SIMPLEST MODEL: THE EMPTY UNIVERSE (MILNE
MODEL) 94
7.3 MATTER UNIVERSE 95
7.4 RADIATION UNIVERSE 97
7.5 ONE-FLUID MODELS WITH p/£ = w = const 99
7.6 MULTI-FLUID MODELS AND THE MATTER-RADIATION MODEL 101
Chapter 8 ■ The cosmological constant 107
8.1 FRIEDMANN EQUATION WITH A COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT 107
8.2 EINSTEIN S STATIC MODEL 109
8.3 THE DE SITTER MODEL 110
8.4 LEMAITRE MODELS 111
8.4.1 Flat Lemaitre models 114
Chapter 9 ■ Age of the universe_______________________________119
9.1 A GENERAL EXPRESSION FOR THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE 119
9.2 LEMAITRE MODELS 121
9.2.1 Matter universe 122
9.2.2 Flat Lemaitre model 124
9.3 SUMMARISING GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION AND ACDM
PREDICTION 126
Chapter 10 ■ Expansion history of the universe________________129
10.1 THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE 129
10.2 TESTING MODELS WITH COSMOLOGICAL REDSHIFTS 131
10.3 DECELERATION PARAMETER IN MULTI-FLUID MODELS 134
x ■ Contents
10.4 THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE IS ACCELERATING AT
PRESENT 135
10.5 EXPANSION IN THE ACDM MODEL 136
Chapter 11 ■ Matter__________________________________________________141
11.1 MATTER IN STARS 141
11.2 MATTER IN HOT LOW-DENSITY GAS 142
11.3 MATTER IN GALAXIES 142
11.4 MATTER IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES 144
11.5 MASSIVE ASTROPHYSICAL COMPACT HALO OBJECTS
(MACHOs) 145
Section II The early universe
Chapter 12 ■ The cosmic microwave background 151
12.1 OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS 151
12.2 CMB AS A FOSSIL RADIATION 152
12.2.1 Evolution of photon distribution during the expansion 152
12.2.2 Time-temperature relation (matter-dominated regime) 154
12.2.3 Baryon-to-photon ratio 155
12.3 MATTER-RADIATION DECOUPLING AND RECOMBINATION 156
12.4 TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPIES 162
12.4.1 Position of the first acoustic peak 167
Chapter 13 ■ Radiation-dominated regime 173
13.1 NUMBER OF ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC DEGREES OF FREEDOM 173
13.2 NEUTRINO DECOUPLING 176
13.3 CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC
DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN THE STANDARD MODEL 179
Chapter 14 ■ Big Bang nucleosynthesis________________________________183
14.1 PRIMORDIAL NUCLEAR ABUNDANCES 183
14.2 NEUTRON-TO-PROTON RATIO: THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM STAGE 184
14.3 NEUTRON-TO-PROTON RATIO: FREEZE-OUT 185
14.4 NUCLEOSYNTHESIS 186
14.5 DEUTERIUM AS A BARYOMETER 188
14.6 BBN BOUND ON THE NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE NEUTRINO
SPECIES
191
Contents ■ xi
Chapter 15 ■ Inflation 195
15.1 THE PROBLEMS OF THE OLD HOT BIG BANG MODEL 195
15.1.1 The flatness problem 195
15.1.2 The horizon problem 197
15.2 AN ELEGANT SOLUTION: INFLATION 199
15.2.1 Inflation solves the flatness problem 200
15.2.2 Inflation solves the horizon problem 200
15.2.3 On the importance of an accelerated stage 202
15.2.4 Final remarks 203
Chapter 16 ■ ACDM model and cosmological puzzles 205
16.1 ACDM MODEL 205
16.2 COSMOLOGICAL PUZZLES 208
Chapter 17 ■ Dark matter 211
17.1 EXISTENCE OF A NON-BARYONIC DARK MATTER
COMPONENT 211
17.2 WHICH SOLUTION TO THE DARK MATTER PUZZLE? 212
17.2.1 Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) 212
17.2.2 Primordial black holes 213
17.2.3 Massive neutrinos 214
17.2.4 The WIMP miracle 216
17.2.5 WIMP searches 220
17.2.5.1 Direct searches 221
17.2.5.2 Indirect searches 222
17.2.5.3 Collider searches 224
17.2.6 Beyond the WIMP miracle 225
17.2.6.1 Relaxing the minimal assumptions 226
17.2.6.2 Beyond the WIMP paradigm 226
Chapter 18■ Ad libitum? 237
Chapter 19« Summary of numerical values of constants and parameters 239
Index
241
Physics
Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Series Editors: M Birkinshaw, J Silk, and G Fuller
COSMOLOGY AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE
This book discusses cosmology from both an observational and a strong
theoretical perspective. The first part focuses on gravitation, notably the
expansion of the universe and determination of cosmological parameters,
before moving onto the main emphasis of the book, the physics of the
early universe, and the connections between cosmological models and
particle physics. Readers will gain a comprehensive account of cosmology
and the latest observational results, without requiring prior knowledge of
relativistic theories, making the text ideal for students.
Features:
• Provides a self-contained discussion of modern cosmology
results without requiring any prior knowledge of relativistic
theories, enabling students to learn the first rudiments needed
for a rigorous comprehension of cosmological concepts
• Contains a timely discussion of the latest cosmological results,
including those from WMAP and the Planck satellite
• Discusses the cosmological applications of the Nobel Prize
2017 awarded discovery of gravitational waves by the LIGO
interferometer and the very high energy neutrinos discovered
by the IceCube detector
• Focuses on providing links with particle physics and with
investigations of the theories beyond the Standard Model,
especially in connection to dark matter and matter-antimatter
asymmetry puzzles
• Includes original figures complementing mathematical derivations
and accounting for the most important cosmological observations,
in addition to a wide variety of problems with a full set of solutions
discussed in detail in an accompanying solutions manual
(available upon qualifying course adoption)
Front cover picture courtesy of: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
(reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License)
CRC Press
Taylor Francis Group
an informa business
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
711 Third Avenue
New York, NY 1001 7
2 Park Square, Milton Park
Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN, UK
KEflfi37
I SBN : Ç 78-1-4« 987-6170-3
Il 1 I I III 90000
lili
9 781498 7 61703
|
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| spelling | Di Bari, Pasquale Verfasser (DE-588)1053061986 aut Cosmology and the early universe by Pasquale Di Bari Boca Raton ; London ; New York CRC Press [2018] xvi, 243 Seiten Diagramme Breite 178 mm, Höhe 254 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Series in astronomy and astrophysics Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd rswk-swf Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-4987-6171-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-4987-6173-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, Vitalsource 9781-4987-6172-7 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, General 978-1-138-49690-3 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030368974&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030368974&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114294-9 |
| title | Cosmology and the early universe |
| title_auth | Cosmology and the early universe |
| title_exact_search | Cosmology and the early universe |
| title_full | Cosmology and the early universe by Pasquale Di Bari |
| title_fullStr | Cosmology and the early universe by Pasquale Di Bari |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cosmology and the early universe by Pasquale Di Bari |
| title_short | Cosmology and the early universe |
| title_sort | cosmology and the early universe |
| topic | Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kosmologie |
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