Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region: Russia, deterrence, and reassurance
This book is about security challenges in the Baltic Sea region caused by Russia's resurgence. NATO and neutral states in the region are now concerned about an external threat for the first time since the demise of the Soviet Union. Russia has been probing air space, maritime boundaries, and ev...
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| Zusammenfassung: | This book is about security challenges in the Baltic Sea region caused by Russia's resurgence. NATO and neutral states in the region are now concerned about an external threat for the first time since the demise of the Soviet Union. Russia has been probing air space, maritime boundaries, and even land borders from the Baltic republics to Sweden; the example of Russia's undermining of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea worries former Soviet republics with Russian minority populations; neutral Sweden and Finland may consider joining NATO; and the Trump presidency has created some doubt about America's willingness to follow through on NATO's collective defense commitment. This volume brings together an international group of contributors to examine Baltic security issues on a state-by-state basis and to contemplate what is needed to deter Russia in the region |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 171 Seiten Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781626165717 9781626165700 |
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| 520 | |a This book is about security challenges in the Baltic Sea region caused by Russia's resurgence. NATO and neutral states in the region are now concerned about an external threat for the first time since the demise of the Soviet Union. Russia has been probing air space, maritime boundaries, and even land borders from the Baltic republics to Sweden; the example of Russia's undermining of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea worries former Soviet republics with Russian minority populations; neutral Sweden and Finland may consider joining NATO; and the Trump presidency has created some doubt about America's willingness to follow through on NATO's collective defense commitment. This volume brings together an international group of contributors to examine Baltic security issues on a state-by-state basis and to contemplate what is needed to deter Russia in the region | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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STRATEGIC CHALLENGES IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION
/
: 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
THE WEST, RUSSIA AND BALTIC SEA SECURITY
STILL THE INDISPENSABLE POWER : THE US AND BALTIC SEA SECURITY / ROBERT
J. LIEBER
RUSSIA AND BALTIC SEA SECURITY : A BACKGROUND / GUDRUN PERSSON
NATO'S ROLE IN BALTIC SEA SECURITY : RE-ESTABLISHING DETERRENCE,
PROJECTING STABILITY / JAMIE SHEA
THE WEST AND RUSSIA : ANOTHER FRONT IN THE NEW COLD WAR? / CHRISTOPHER
COKER
NATO ALLIES AND BALTIC SEA SECURITY
ARE THE BALTIC STATES NEXT? ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA / ANDRES
KASEKAMP
DETERRING RUSSIA : AN A2/AD STRATEGY IN THE BALTIC SEA / MIKKEL VEDBY
RASMUSSEN
RUSSIA AS A CHALLENGE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION : A VIEW FROM WARSAW /
JUSTYNA GOTKOWSKA
GERMANY : THE SILENT BALTIC COUNTRY / CLAUDIA MAJOR AND ALICIA VON VOSS
NORWEGIAN PERSPECTIVES ON BALTIC SEA SECURITY
HAIKON LUNDE SAXI
NATO'S NORDIC PARTNERS
THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF GOTLAND / JOHAN RAEDER
SWEDEN AND FINLAND : PARTNERSHIP IN LIEU OF NATO MEMBERSHIP / ANN-SOFIE
DAHL
FINLAND AND NATO'S RENEWED FOCUS ON COLLECTIVE DEFENSE / KAROLIINA
HONKANEN
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
INDEX
A2/AD. See antiaccess/area-denial
Afghanistan War, 9, 132
Ahtisaari, Martti, 136
AirLand Battle, 81
airspace safety: Cooperative Airspace Initia-
tive of NATO, 44; NATO air-policing
missions, 61, 64,69, 85, 105, 108, 130;
Russian aggression and, 43—44, 61, 64,
77, 86, 107, 130-31. See also antiaccess/
are a-denial
Aland Islands, 3, 148
antiaccess/area-denial (A2/AD), 4, 73—84;
China capabilities for, 75; historic use of,
73-74; NATO capabilities for, 74,
78-82, 154; Russian capabilities for, 1—2,
36, 39, 65, 75-78, 124-25; Sweden and
Finland, role in, 137
Arab Spring, 21
Arbatov, Aleksei, 26
Arctic region: Norway and, 101-3, 105, 107,
154; Russian presence in, 79, 108-9
Article 5 (NATO): for Baltic state defense,
65-66, 76, 86, 106; based on self-defense
of members, 53; commitment to, 65, 70,
144, 154; credibility of, 66, 86, 106, 154;
cyber warfare and, 39, 58; EU-NATO
coordination of, 47; hybrid warfare and, 3,
57—58; military exercises for, 89; NATO
enlargement and, 103; Norway and, 106;
partnership countries and, 145; US com-
mitment to, 35,70, 86; as weakness, 153
Asia: Russian ports in, 79; trade policy and,
14—15. See also specific countries
asymmetrical warfare, 18, 56. See also hybrid
warfare
Australia, NATO partnership of, 131
Baltic Sea Project Team (BSPT), 44
Baltic Sea region: defense spending in, 35,
54, 66—67; hybrid warfare and, 55—57,
62; military assessments of, 42; military
exercises in, 34, 38, 67, 80—81; as NATO
security priority, 1-3, 69—71, 108-9;
standard of living in, 63-64; trade routes
through, 73-74, 78-79; Ukraine conflict,
parallels with, 62—64; Ukraine conflict,
response to, 66-67,70, 130; vulnerabili-
ties of, 42,65,75-76, 85. See also
antiaccess/area-denial; specific countries
for relations with
Baltic Sea Security Assessment Process, 143
Baltic Sea States, NATO relations and deter-
rence in: A2/AD capabilities in Baltic
region, 74, 78-82, 154; air-policing mis-
sions and, 61,64,69, 85,105, 108, 130;
Article 5 and, 65—66,76, 86, 106; Baltic
region vulnerabilities and, 65,75—76, 85;
during Cold War, 54—55, 78; communi-
cation lines and, 76; hybrid warfare and,
54; hypothetical Baltic region conflict
and, 79-82; NATO battalions stationed
in, 36-38, 39,67,97, 156; NATO-EU
relations, 45-47; NATO Force Integra-
tion Units for, 34,70, 89,95; NATO
membership and, 3, 70, 103; NATO mili-
tary exercises and, 34, 38, 67, 70, 80—81;
163
164
Index
Baltic Sea States (continued)
NATO Response Force size increases for,
34; Nordic countries and, 108-9, 125-
26, 136-37, 156; political stabilization
measures and, 41-45; Readiness Action
Plan, 34, 36, 39, 89, 94-95, 156; recom-
mendations for, 89, 156; Swedish
relations, 55; US relations, 36-37,70-71,
87, 125-26; Very High Readiness Joint
Task Force for, 34, 69, 80, 89, 95, 106,
156. See also antiaccess/arca-dcnial;
Enhanced Forward Presence of NATO
Baltic Sea States-Russian relations, 4, 61-72;
airspace safety and, 43-44, 61, 64,77, 86,
107, 130-31; border security and, 69; his-
toric relations, 52; hypothetical blockade
and conflict in, 64-66,79-82; Kalinin-
grad military base and, 36, 38-39, 65,77,
85; prisoner exchange and, 69; Russian
dependence on, 78—79; Russian expatri-
ates in Baltic States, 63-64, 66-69, 121,
156; Russian military increases and,
64-65; Russian nuclear threat and, 25,
66, 130-31; Russian sanctions and coun-
tersanctions, 64,66
Barents Watch, 105
Belarus, Russian relations, 85
Bertelman, Tomas, 146
Bertelman Report, 148
Biden, Joe, 55
Bildt, Carl, 43
Bismarck, Otto von, 28
Black Energy cyber virus (2016), 41
Black Sea NATO task force, 37
Blair-Aznar letter, 10, 15^2
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Stabilization Force
in, 132
Bosnia conflict (1991), 10
Breedlove, Philip, 75
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 55
BSPT (Baltic Sea Project Team), 44
Budapest Memorandum (1994), 11-12
Bush, George W., 10
Byden, Micael, 133
CFE (Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty,
1990), 11,43
Chicago Summit of NATO (2012), 142
China: A2/AD actions of, 75; in South
China Sea, 49-50; trade policy and,
14-15
Christian’s Island, Denmark, 73-74
Churchill, Winston, 14
Clark, Wesley, 50, 76-77
Clausewitz, Carl von, 56
Clinton, Hillary, 14—15
Coker, Christopher, 153
Cold War: Baltic region security during,
54-55, 78; defense spending during, 14;
military strategy during, 81; NATO-
Swedish relations during, 55, 118-19
contemporary warfare, 20-22. See also specific
wars
Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE,
1990), 11,43
Cooper, Robert, 49-50, 54
Council of the Baltic Sea States, 102
Crimea: Russian militarization of, 36, 38;
Russian special forces in, 56. See also
Ukraine-Russia conflict
Crimean War (1850s), 117, 155
cyber warfare and defense: Black Energy
cyber virus (2016) in Ukraine, 41;
Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of
Excellence, 40, 68; Finland and, 143;
foreign election interference and, 41-43;
NATO and, 3, 39-40, 58, 143; Russia
and, 1, 3, 131; Ukraine-Russia conflict
and, 56
Czech Republic, Polish relations, 88
defense spending: of Baltic states, 35, 54,
66-67; of Europe, 46, 53, 86; of Finland,
133-34, 143-44, 146-48; of France, 35;
of Germany, 35, 96; of NATO allies, 14,
34-36,46, 96,154; of Poland, 35, 87-88,
154; of Russia, 50, 64, 86, 153; of Sweden,
120, 133, 155; of United States, in Europe,
12,14,36,70-71, 80,90,156-57
Dempsey, Martin, 55
Denmark: air-policing of, 105; British rela-
tions, 73-74, 82; Christian’s Island in,
73-74; military exercises of, 80-81;
NATO enlargement and, 103; risk assess-
ment of, 77; role in potential Baltic
blockade, 79, 82; Russia as threat to, 86,
Index
165
130-31; Russian A2/AD capabilities and,
75-76; Swedish relations, 134
deterrence of Russia: Germany and, 94,
97-98; Norway and, 105-6, 108-9;
Sweden and Finland and, 125-26,
136-37, 156; United States and, 13. See
also Baltic Sea States, NATO relations
and deterrence in
elections, Russian interference in, 12,41-43
energy resources: Black Energy cyber virus
(2016), 41; Norway and, 103-4; oil prices
and, 10, 65-66; Russian control of, 11,
79; transport through Baltic region, 64,
78-79
Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) of
NATO: criticism of, 3; deployment of, 70;
effectiveness of, 41; Germany leading, 95;
new requirements of, 39; symbolism of, 1
ERI (European Reassurance Initiative), 1,
36-37,71,80, 90
espionage, 69; cyber espionage, 40
Estonia: conscription in, 67; Cooperative
Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in,
40, 68; cyber warfare directed against, 58;
defense of, 62; defense spending of,
66-67; NATO air-policing mission in,
69; NATO battalions stationed in, 90;
Russian border treaty, 69; Russian expa-
triates in, 67-68, 156; standard of living
in, 63-64
European Centre of Excellence on Counter-
ing Hybrid Threats, 146
Europe and European Union (EU): Baltic
region security and, 51-55, 76-77; Com-
puter Emerging Response Team, 45;
Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty
(1990), 11,43; defense spending of, 46,
53, 86; Finland relations, 46-47, 145;
Global Security Strategy, 46; infrastruc-
ture to support military mobility, 36, 39,
81; Joint Declaration (NATO-EU),
45-46; Lisbon Treaty (2007), 46-47,
122, 145; media falsification countermea-
sures of, 68; NATO relations, 45-47,98,
146; neo-Westphalian order in, 50; post-
Cold War status of, 9; reassertion of,
10-11; refugee crisis in, 2, 12,65, 99;
Russia as threat to, 70; Russian counter-
sanctions against, 64, 66; Russian
relations, 12, 19-20; sanctions on Russia,
66,79; soft power of, 50; terrorism in, 2;
trade policy and, 14-15; US relations, 1,
9, 12-13,46-47,49, 86,157; V4 Battle
Group in, 88. See also specific countries
European Leadership Network, 43-44,77
European Reassurance Initiative (ERI), 1,
36-37,71,80,90
European Security Doctrine (2003), 50
Finland, 4, 141-52; airspace safety and, 44;
Baltic region securityand, 131, 136-38,
143, 145-46, 155; defense agreements of,
134, 137, 146-49, 151^13; defense spend-
ing and planning of, 133-34,143-44,
146-48; Enhanced Opportunities Part-
nership membership, 131; EU relations,
46-47, 145; Hybrid Warfare Center of
Excellence in, 43; military exercises of,
42, 146, 156; NATO membership debate,
135-36, 146-49; NATO partnership of,
3,39,42,70,129-37,143-46; nonalign-
ment of, 133, 138#10, 146; Partnership
for Peace membership, 132-33; Polish
relations, 88; Russia as threat to, 130,
148; Winter War with Russia, 24
Fontaine, Richard, 76
France: defense spending of, 35; Russian rela-
tions, 12
free speech, 69
Gallie, Walter Bryce, 52-53
Gareev, Makhmut, 22-23, 26
Georgia: NATO partnership of, 131; Russian
invasion of (2008), 10, 66, 88
Gerasimov, Valerii, 17,21
Germany, 4, 93-100; Baltic Sea region secu-
rity and, 93-95,97,99,155; defense
agreements of, 134; defense spending of,
35, 96; deterrence of Russia, advocacy for,
94, 97-98; hybrid warfare and, 97-98;
military exercises of, 96; NATOs adapta-
tion, support for, 94-96; NATO’s forward
defense stationed in, 37; Nordic-Baltic
security and, 93-94; Polish relations, 88;
political, military, and financial challenges,
166
Index
Germany (continued)
96- 97; security and defense policy of, 94,
98-99; soft power, preference for, 68;
Transatlantic Capability Enhancement
and Training Initiative, 97; Ukraine-
Russia conflict, reaction to, 98-99; US
relations, 13
globalization, 19, 50
global order, 2, 15,27
Gotkowska, Justyna, 154
Gotland, 4, 117-27; Baltic Sea region secu-
rity and, 118,133, 148,155; current role
of, 123-25; future role of, 125-26;
NATO and, 3; new Cold War and, 121—
23; post-Cold War period and, 118-21;
Russia as potential threat to, 123-25
Great Britain. See United Kingdom
Halonen, Tarja, 135
Hammes, T. X., 79
Harmel Report (1967), 94,97, 155
Headquarters Multinational Corps North-
east (HQMNC NE), 89
Helsinki Agreement (1975), 11
Herzegovina, Stabilization Force in, 132
High North. See Arctic region
historical perspective: liberal societies and,
51, 53-54; Russia national security and,
23-25,51,53,68
Hodges, Ben, 39
Honkanen, Karoliina, 134, 155
Howard, Michael, 12, 51
Hultqvist, Peter, 137
Hungary, Polish relations, 88
Hunter, Robert, 53
Hussein, Saddam, 10
hybrid warfare: Baltic Sea region and, 55-57,
62; foreign election interference and, 12,
41-43; German recommendations for,
97- 98; Hybrid Warfare Center of Excel-
lence, 43; information warfare and,
68-69; NATO strategy for, 40-43,45,
57-58, 153; of Russia, 3,11, 18,42-43,
55, 57,65
Iceland, securityof, 105,109
lives, Toomas Hendrik, 67, 137
information warfare, 68-69. See also cyber
warfare and defense
International Civilian Aviation Organiza-
tion (ICAO), 44
International Discussion Club meeting
(2014), 86
International Security Assistance Force
(ISAF), 132-33
Internet: as threat to Russian national secu-
rity, 22; weapons systems connected to,
39-40. See also cyber warfare and defense
Iraq War, 9-10, 107
Islamic State (IS), 2-3, 99
Islamist terrorism, 2, 65
Italy, NATO military exercises in, 34
Joint Declaration (NATO-EU), 45-46, 98
Joint Expeditionary Force, 134
Jordan, NATO partnership of, 131
Kaliningrad: militarization of, 1-2, 36,
38-39, 65,77, 85; Russian A2/AD capa-
bilities and, 1-2,75; as threat to Baltic
region, 130
Kaplan, Robert, 50
Kasekamp, Andres, 156
Khrushchev, Nikita, 53
Kohver, Eston, 69
Kokoshin, Andrei, 26
Latvia: defense spending of, 35, 54; NATO
battalions stationed in, 90; Russians
expatriates in, 67-68; standard of living
in, 63-64; vulnerability of, 54
Lavrov, Sergei, 20, 50
Lenin, Vladimir, 63
Le Pen, Marine, 12
Libya, war in, 107, 132
Lieber, Robert J., 157
Lisbon Treaty (2007), 46-47, 122, 145
Lithuania: Center for Energy Security of
NATO in, 68; conscription in, 67;
defense spending of, 66—67; military
exercises of, 81; NATO air-policing mis-
sion in, 69, 85,130; NATO battalions
stationed in, 90; NATO vulnerabilities
in, 65; Russian expatriates in, 68
Index
167
Lofven, Stefan, 136
Lucas, Edward, 53, 130
Lukyanov, Fyodor, 18, 23
MacArthur, Douglas, 13
Macron, Emmanuel, 35
Major, Claudia, 155
Mattis, James, 36,137
Mead, Walter Russell, 13, 157
media falsifications and propaganda, 12,
42-43,68-69,98
Medvedev, Dmitri, 10
Merkel, Angela, 14, 67
Middle East. See North Africa and Middle
East
military exercises: on and around Gotland,
124; in Baltic Sea region, 34, 38, 67,
80-81; of Denmark, 80-81; of Estonia,
67; of Finland, 42, 146, 156; of Germany,
96; of Lithuania, 81; of Norway, 106; of
Poland, 34, 88; of Sweden, 42,124, 135,
146, 156; of United States, 70
military exercises of NATO: for Baltic region
security, 34, 38,67,70,80-81; in Black
Sea region, 37; briefing Russia on, 44;
Crisis Management Exercises, 42, 135;
Trident Juncture (2015), 34; US partici-
pation in, 70, 80, 89
military exercises of Russia: A2/AD capabili-
ties, demonstration of, 77; briefing
NATO on, 44; NATO response to, 38;
objective of, 52, 124-25; over Sweden,
130; to simulate nuclear attacks, 52, 86,
130; snap exercises, 18, 36, 56, 64; Vienna
Document, violation of, 43
military spending. See defense spending
Moldova, Russian relations, 10,65
Montenegro, NATO membership of, 149
Nancy, Jean-Luc, 51
nationalism, 13, 26, 33,157
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion), 4,33-48; Article 3, 53; Bosnia
conflict (1991) and, 10; burden-sharing
within, 14,35-36,46,154,157; Civil
Emergency Planning Committee, 42;
Computer Incident Response Capability,
45; Cooperative Airspace Initiative, 44;
Cooperative Center of Excellence for
Strategic Communication, 68; Coopera-
tive Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence,
40, 68; credibility of, 66, 80, 85-86, 93,
106, 109, 154; cyber warfare and defense
of, 3,39-40, 58, 143; Defense and
Related Security Capacity Building Ini-
tiative, 145-46; defense planning of, 12,
14, 36,70-71, 80, 89-90; defense spend-
ing and, 34-36,46, 154; Enhanced
Forward Presence of, 1, 3, 39,41,70, 95;
Enhanced Opportunities Partnership of,
3, 131-33, 142-44; enlargement of, 103,
133,149; EU relations, 45-47,98,146;
Finland relations, 3, 39,42,70, 129-37,
143-46; Force Integration Units of, 34,
70, 89,95; hybrid warfare and, 40-43,
45, 57-58, 153; Intelligence Division of,
41; Iraq War, support of, 10; Joint Decla-
ration (NATO-EU), 45-46; maritime
forces of, 39, 156; Partnership for Peace,
9,120, 132-33; partnerships of, 3, 131—
33, 142-46; political stabilization
measures and, 41-45; Readiness Action
Plan of, 34, 36, 39, 89, 94-95,156; Rus-
sia, threat to, 20, 36, 38, 86-87,137;
Russian cooperation and, 44-45; secu-
rity, view of, 52-53; Strategic Concept
(2010), 142; Swedish relations, 3, 39,42,
55, 70,118,129-37; Total Aviation Sys-
tem of, 38; UK relations, 46, 80; Very
High Readiness Joint Task Force, 34, 69,
80, 89,95, 106,156; weapons of, 37-38,
88. See also Article 5; Baltic Sea States,
NATO relations and deterrence in;
United States-NATO relations; specific
summits
NATO Force Integration Units (NFIUs),
34,70, 89,95
NATO Response Force (NRF), 34, 39,89,
106,154,156
NATO-Russia Council (NRC), 44-45, 97
NATO-Russia Founding Act (1997), 9, 67,
89,97
naval safety incidents, 77
The New Cold War (Lucas), 53
168
Index
new generation warfare, 55. See also hybrid
warfare
Niinisto, Jussi, 149
Niinisto, Sauli, 135
nonlinear warfare, 18, 53-56. See also hybrid
warfare
Nordic Defence Cooperation (NOR-
DEFCO), 104,134,146
North Africa and Middle East: contempo-
rary warfare in, 21; refugees from, 2, 12,
65, 99. See also specific countries
Northern Group, 104-5
Norway, 4, 101-13; air-policing of, 105, 108;
Article 5, advocacy for, 154; Baltic states
relations, 108-10; domestic priorities of,
107-8; economy of, 103—4; military
exercises of, 106; pre-2014 Baltic region
involvement of, 102-4; Russian rela-
tions, 102, 106-7; security policy of,
101-2, 104; Ukraine-Russia conflict,
reaction to, 105-6, 110; United King-
dom relations, 104-5
NRC (NATO-Russia Council), 44-45, 97
NRF (NATO Response Force), 34, 39, 89,
106,154, 156
nuclear weapons: during Cold War, 81, 118;
for deterrence and de-escalation, 26, 66,
90, 118; exercises to simulate nuclear
attacks, 52, 86, 130; hybrid warfare and,
57; of Russia, 2, 25-27, 50, 66, 86,90,
130-31; of Ukraine, 11
Obama, Barack: European Reassurance Ini-
tiative of, 80; on importance of Baltic
defense, 70
Open Skies inspection agreement, 43
Operation Unified Protector (OUP, 2011),
132,135
Organization for Security and Co-operation
in Europe (OSCE), 43-44, 94, 97
peace: cyber rules for, 40; Europe in 20th
century as unprecedented time of, 50;
multiple meanings of, 51-52; Partnership
for Peace (PfP), 132-33; Swedish-Finnish
military cooperation during, 156
Persson, Gudrun, 153-54
Petraeus, David, 14
Pew survey on NATO, 37
Piontkovsky, Andrei, 66
Poland, 4, 85-91; allies, political and military
ties to, 88; Article 5, advocacy for, 154;
defense spending of, 35, 87-88, 154;
deterrence of Russia, advocacy for, 89-90;
military exercises in, 34, 88; missile-
defense system in, 38; Multinational
Corps Headquarters Northeast (MNC
NE), 95, 156; NATO battalions stationed
in, 36-38, 90, 97, 156; natural gas supplies
and, 11; Russian relations, 24, 87; Russian
simulated attack on, 86; security and
defense policy and challenges of, 87-91;
Swedish relations, 134; US military pres-
ence in, 90, 154; vulnerabilities of, 65. See
also Warsaw NATO summit (2016)
Polish-German-Danish Headquarters Multi-
national Corps Northeast (HQ MNC
NE), 89
Poos, Jacques, 10
populist parties, 12-13, 15, 136, 157
Portugal, NATO military exercises in, 34
protests as war, 21
psychological warfare, 56—57
public broadcasting, 68-69, 98
Putin, Vladimir: achievements in Russia, 10;
on end of Soviet Union, 12, 23; on global
war, 17; military capabilities of, 18-19;
NATO vulnerability and, 65-66; on new
world order, 20, 153; on nuclear weapons,
26; reassertion of Russian regional power
and, 12; re-election of, 11; on Russian
national identity, 24; on soft power, 22;
on Ukraine as part of Russia, 63;
Ukraine-Russia conflict and, 11; unpre-
dictability of, 65; on Winter War with
Finland, 24
Raeder, Johan, 155
RAND Corporation, 81
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 61
Rasmussen, Mikkel Vedby, 154
Reagan, Ronald, 9
refugee crisis in Europe, 2, 12,65, 99
Reinsalu, Urmas, 67
Response Force (NRF), 34, 39, 89, 106,154,
156
Index
169
The Revenge of Geography (Kaplan), 50
Romania: missile-defense system in, 38;
NATO forces stationed in, 37; Polish
relations, 88
Rumsfeld, Donald, 10
Russia, 17-31; A2/AD capabilities of, 1-2,
36, 39, 65,75-78,124-25; Abkhazia and
South Ossetia interventions, 10; Arctic
Ocean activities of, 107-9; color revolu-
tions in, 22-23; countersanctions against
EU, 64, 66; Crimean War (1850s), 117,
155; defense policy of, 21-22; defense
spending of, 50, 64, 86, 153; election
fraud protests (2001), 11; EU sanctions
on, 66, 79; expatriate citizens, protection
of, 63-64, 66-69, 121,156; foreign elec-
tions, interference in, 12,41-43; Foreign
Policy Concepts, 22, 23; geo-political
goals of, 85-86; history and national
security, 23-25, 51, 53, 68; hybrid war-
fare practices of, 3,11,18,42-43, 55, 57,
65; little green men of, 40, 56,74; media
outlets of, 69; Military Doctrines, 20-21,
25-27, 29^16, 154; military moderniza-
tion of, 107-9, 123; modem conflicts
and, 20-22; national identity of, 24;
National Security Strategy of, 19-20,
23-25; NATO as threat to, 20, 36, 38,
86-87,137; NATO cooperation and,
44-45; NATO-Russia Council (NRC),
44-45; NATO-Russia Founding Act
(1997), 9,67, 89, 97; post-Cold War
period and, 118-20; propaganda and con-
spiracy theories of, 12; Putins
achievements in, 10; security, view of,
52-53; soft power of, 22-23, 51; threats
to potential NATO members, 131, 148;
treaties, violation of, 11, 43; Western
attack on, 21-23. See also antiaccess/
area-denial; Baltic Sea States-Russian
relations; deterrence of Russia; military
exercises of Russia; Ukraine-Russia con-
flict; weapons, Russian; specific countries
for relations with
SACEUR (Supreme Allied commander,
Europe), 39, 45
Sanders, Bernie, 14-15
Saxi, Häkon Lunde, 154
Sea Surveillance Cooperation in the Baltic
Sea (SUCBAS), 105
security: in NATO terms, 52-53. See also
specific regions and countries
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 9
Shea, Jamie, 156
Sipila,Juha, 149
Sivkov, Konstantin, 26
Slovakia, Polish relations, 88
Smith, Julianne, 76
soft power: of Estonia, 68; of Europe, 50; of
Germany, 68; of Russia, 22-23, 51
Solana, Javier, 54
Solberg, Erna, 107
Soloviev, Vladimir, 17
Sontag, Susan, 52
Soreide, Ine Eriksen, 105-8
South China Sea, 49-50
Spain, NATO military exercises in, 34
Stabilization Force (SFOR), 132
Stalin, Joseph, 63
Stoltenberg, Jens, 145
Stoltenberg, Thorvald, 104, 109
Stoltenberg Report (2009), 104-5
Store, Jonas Gahr, 103-4,107-8
SUCBAS (Sea Surveillance Cooperation in
the Baltic Sea), 105
Supreme Allied commander, Europe
(SACEUR), 39,45
Surkov, Vladislav, 55
Suslov, Dmitry, 27
Suwalki gap, 65
Sweden: Baltic Sea region security and, 119,
131,136-38, 143, 145, 155; defense agree-
ments of, 134,137,146, 149, 151^13,
155—56; defense spending and planning
of, 119-23,133-34, 155; Enhanced
Opportunities Partnership membership,
131; EU relations, 46-47; military exer-
cises of, 42, 124,135,146,156; NATO
membership, support for, 135-36; NATO
partnership of, 3, 39,42, 55,70, 118,129-
37; nonalignment of, 52, 133, 138/zlO,
155; Partnership for Peace membership,
132-33; Polish relations, 88; Russia as
threat to, 86, 130-31; Russian interfer-
ence in elections, 42-43; Ukraine-Russia
f Bayerische
I Staatsbibliothek i
V München )
170
Index
Sweden (continued)
conflict, reaction to, 122; US relations,
118,134, 137; weapons of, 125. See also
Gotland
Syria: refugees from, 2, 12; Russian relations,
12,21,65,75,123
TACET (Transatlantic Capability Enhance-
ment and Training Initiative), 97
Tallinn Manual (NATO), 40
terrorism: EU response to, 65; in Europe, 2;
Islamist, 2,65; Russian incursion into
Baltic as, 74. See also Islamic State (IS)
Tillerson, Rex, 36
trade policy, 14-15, 50
trade routes, 73-74,78-79, 103-4
Transatlantic Capability Enhancement and
Training Initiative (TACET), 97
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partner-
ship, 14-15
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP), 14-15
Trump, Donald: defense spending of, 36,
70-71, 80, 90, 156; European relations, 1;
on EU self-defense and burden-sharing,
46; foreign policy of, 13-15; on NATO
relevance and burden-sharing, 14, 35-36,
157; Russian relations, 3
Twitter, 42-43
Ukraine: Black Energy cyber virus (2016),
41; Maidan protests (2014), 11, 63; natu-
ral gas supplies and, 11; Russian military
bases in, 38, 62; vulnerability of, 62
Ukraine-Russia conflict: agreement and
treaty commitments and, 11; Baltic
region parallels with, 62-64; Baltic
states’ response to, 66-67,70, 130; as
challenge to West, 27; compared to West-
ern behavior, 19; cyberattacks during, 56;
effect on Western relations, 15; German
reaction to, 98-99; as hybrid warfare, 40;
justification of, 63 -64,67; NATO
response to, 1, 38, 88-89; Norway’s reac-
tion to, 105-6, 110; Russian military
exercises and, 56; Russian view of, 24, 53,
63; soft power and controlled chaos,
22-23; Sweden’s reaction to, 122; US
response to, 11-13
United Kingdom (UK): Brexit and, 46-47;
Denmark relations, 73-74, 82; NATO
relations, 46, 80; Norway relations, 104-
5; on Russian A2/AD capabilities, 76;
Swedish relations, 134
United Nations: Charter, 11; Security Coun-
cil, 12
United States (US), 4,9-16; A2/AD chal-
lenges in Asia, 75; Afghanistan and Iraq
Wars, 9-10; Baltic Sea region security and,
11-12,70, 87, 126, 157; Chicago Summit
of NATO (2012), 142; defense spending in
Europe, 12,14,36,70-71,80,90,156-57;
EU relations, 1,9,12-13,46-47,49, 86,
157; European reassertion and, 10-11;
European Reassurance Initiative, 1, 36, 80,
90; foreign policy of, 13-15; hypothetical
Baltic region conflict and, 81; military
exercises of, 70; Polish relations, 88,90;
role in Europe, 9, 12-13; Russian interfer-
ence in elections, 41; Russian relations,
2-3,19; September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks, 9; Swedish relations, 118,134,
137; trade policy and, 14-15; Transatlantic
Capability Enhancement and Training
Initiative, 97; Trump foreign policy and,
13-15; Ukraine-Russia conflict, response
to, 11-13; weapons of, 88
United States-NATO relations: Article 5
commitment of, 35, 70, 86; Baltic Sea
security and, 36-37,70, 87, 125-26;
burden-sharing and, 3, 14, 35-36,46,
157; NATO, public opinion on, 156;
NATO defense planning and, 12, 14,36,
70-71, 80,90; status of, 13-15; US influ-
ence and, 49
Vails, Manuel, 35
Vienna Congress (1815), 20,27,153-54
Vienna Document of OSCE, 43
Vilnius Group, 10, 15n2
virtual violence, 57-58
Visegrad Group (V4), 88
Vladimirov, Aleksandr L, 27
Voss, Alicia von, 155
Wales NATO summit (2014): defense spend-
ing targets of, 35, 96; Enhanced
Index
171
Opportunities Partnership program, 131,
142-43; Germany and, 94-95; on
NATO-Russian Founding Act, 89; Part-
nership Interoperability Initiative (PII),
142; Readiness Action Plan from, 34,
94-95; security decisions resulting from,
1, 125-26; Very High Readiness Joint
Task Force from, 69-70, 106
war games, 81
Warsaw NATO summit (2016): Baltic states,
reassurance for, 1,70; Cyber Defense
Pledge, 39-40; European restabilization
and, 33-34; hybrid warfare defense,
41—42; Joint Declaration (NATO-EU),
45-46, 98; long-term significance of, 47,
90; Norway’s contribution to, 108-9,
154; Poland and Baltic states, battalions
stationed in, 36-38,90; security deci-
sions resulting from, 126; unfinished
business from, 38,91
weapons: exercises to simulate nuclear
attacks, 52, 86,130; in Kaliningrad, 1-2,
36,38-39,65,77, 85; of NATO battal-
ions in Poland and Baltic states, 37-38;
NATO missile-defense, 38, 88; of Poland,
87-88; of Sweden, 125; of Ukraine, 11; of
United States, 88. See also defense spend-
ing; military exercises; nuclear weapons
weapons, Russian: A2/AD, Russian capabili-
ties for, 1-2, 36, 39, 65,75-78, 124-25;
in Baltic region, 64; defense spending
and, 50, 64, 86, 153; Kaliningrad, mili-
tarization of, 1-2,36,38-39, 65,77, 85;
modernization of, 107-9, 123; nuclear, 2,
25-27, 50,66, 86, 90, 130-31. See also
military exercises of Russia
White Book on Defense, 99
World Trade Organization (WTO), 15
“World War Three: Inside the War Room”
(BBC television program), 61
Yalta Conference (1945), 20,27, 153-54
Yanukovych, Viktor, 11, 62
Yugoslavia conflict (1991), 10
Zagorski, Andrei, 26
INDEX
A2/AD. See antiaccess/area-denial
Afghanistan War, 9, 132
Ahtisaari, Martti, 136
AirLand Battle, 81
airspace safety: Cooperative Airspace Initia-
tive of NATO, 44; NATO air-policing
missions, 61, 64,69, 85, 105, 108, 130;
Russian aggression and, 43—44, 61, 64,
77, 86, 107, 130-31. See also antiaccess/
are a-denial
Aland Islands, 3, 148
antiaccess/area-denial (A2/AD), 4, 73—84;
China capabilities for, 75; historic use of,
73-74; NATO capabilities for, 74,
78-82, 154; Russian capabilities for, 1—2,
36, 39, 65, 75-78, 124-25; Sweden and
Finland, role in, 137
Arab Spring, 21
Arbatov, Aleksei, 26
Arctic region: Norway and, 101-3, 105, 107,
154; Russian presence in, 79, 108-9
Article 5 (NATO): for Baltic state defense,
65-66, 76, 86, 106; based on self-defense
of members, 53; commitment to, 65, 70,
144, 154; credibility of, 66, 86, 106, 154;
cyber warfare and, 39, 58; EU-NATO
coordination of, 47; hybrid warfare and, 3,
57—58; military exercises for, 89; NATO
enlargement and, 103; Norway and, 106;
partnership countries and, 145; US com-
mitment to, 35,70, 86; as weakness, 153
Asia: Russian ports in, 79; trade policy and,
14—15. See also specific countries
asymmetrical warfare, 18, 56. See also hybrid
warfare
Australia, NATO partnership of, 131
Baltic Sea Project Team (BSPT), 44
Baltic Sea region: defense spending in, 35,
54, 66—67; hybrid warfare and, 55—57,
62; military assessments of, 42; military
exercises in, 34, 38, 67, 80—81; as NATO
security priority, 1-3, 69—71, 108-9;
standard of living in, 63-64; trade routes
through, 73-74, 78-79; Ukraine conflict,
parallels with, 62—64; Ukraine conflict,
response to, 66-67,70, 130; vulnerabili-
ties of, 42,65,75-76, 85. See also
antiaccess/area-denial; specific countries
for relations with
Baltic Sea Security Assessment Process, 143
Baltic Sea States, NATO relations and deter-
rence in: A2/AD capabilities in Baltic
region, 74, 78-82, 154; air-policing mis-
sions and, 61,64,69, 85,105, 108, 130;
Article 5 and, 65—66,76, 86, 106; Baltic
region vulnerabilities and, 65,75—76, 85;
during Cold War, 54—55, 78; communi-
cation lines and, 76; hybrid warfare and,
54; hypothetical Baltic region conflict
and, 79-82; NATO battalions stationed
in, 36-38, 39,67,97, 156; NATO-EU
relations, 45-47; NATO Force Integra-
tion Units for, 34,70, 89,95; NATO
membership and, 3, 70, 103; NATO mili-
tary exercises and, 34, 38, 67, 70, 80—81;
163
164
Index
Baltic Sea States (continued)
NATO Response Force size increases for,
34; Nordic countries and, 108-9, 125-
26, 136-37, 156; political stabilization
measures and, 41-45; Readiness Action
Plan, 34, 36, 39, 89, 94-95, 156; recom-
mendations for, 89, 156; Swedish
relations, 55; US relations, 36-37,70-71,
87, 125-26; Very High Readiness Joint
Task Force for, 34, 69, 80, 89, 95, 106,
156. See also antiaccess/arca-dcnial;
Enhanced Forward Presence of NATO
Baltic Sea States-Russian relations, 4, 61-72;
airspace safety and, 43-44, 61, 64,77, 86,
107, 130-31; border security and, 69; his-
toric relations, 52; hypothetical blockade
and conflict in, 64-66,79-82; Kalinin-
grad military base and, 36, 38-39, 65,77,
85; prisoner exchange and, 69; Russian
dependence on, 78—79; Russian expatri-
ates in Baltic States, 63-64, 66-69, 121,
156; Russian military increases and,
64-65; Russian nuclear threat and, 25,
66, 130-31; Russian sanctions and coun-
tersanctions, 64,66
Barents Watch, 105
Belarus, Russian relations, 85
Bertelman, Tomas, 146
Bertelman Report, 148
Biden, Joe, 55
Bildt, Carl, 43
Bismarck, Otto von, 28
Black Energy cyber virus (2016), 41
Black Sea NATO task force, 37
Blair-Aznar letter, 10, 15^2
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Stabilization Force
in, 132
Bosnia conflict (1991), 10
Breedlove, Philip, 75
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 55
BSPT (Baltic Sea Project Team), 44
Budapest Memorandum (1994), 11-12
Bush, George W., 10
Byden, Micael, 133
CFE (Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty,
1990), 11,43
Chicago Summit of NATO (2012), 142
China: A2/AD actions of, 75; in South
China Sea, 49-50; trade policy and,
14-15
Christian’s Island, Denmark, 73-74
Churchill, Winston, 14
Clark, Wesley, 50, 76-77
Clausewitz, Carl von, 56
Clinton, Hillary, 14—15
Coker, Christopher, 153
Cold War: Baltic region security during,
54-55, 78; defense spending during, 14;
military strategy during, 81; NATO-
Swedish relations during, 55, 118-19
contemporary warfare, 20-22. See also specific
wars
Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE,
1990), 11,43
Cooper, Robert, 49-50, 54
Council of the Baltic Sea States, 102
Crimea: Russian militarization of, 36, 38;
Russian special forces in, 56. See also
Ukraine-Russia conflict
Crimean War (1850s), 117, 155
cyber warfare and defense: Black Energy
cyber virus (2016) in Ukraine, 41;
Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of
Excellence, 40, 68; Finland and, 143;
foreign election interference and, 41-43;
NATO and, 3, 39-40, 58, 143; Russia
and, 1, 3, 131; Ukraine-Russia conflict
and, 56
Czech Republic, Polish relations, 88
defense spending: of Baltic states, 35, 54,
66-67; of Europe, 46, 53, 86; of Finland,
133-34, 143-44, 146-48; of France, 35;
of Germany, 35, 96; of NATO allies, 14,
34-36,46, 96,154; of Poland, 35, 87-88,
154; of Russia, 50, 64, 86, 153; of Sweden,
120, 133, 155; of United States, in Europe,
12,14,36,70-71, 80,90,156-57
Dempsey, Martin, 55
Denmark: air-policing of, 105; British rela-
tions, 73-74, 82; Christian’s Island in,
73-74; military exercises of, 80-81;
NATO enlargement and, 103; risk assess-
ment of, 77; role in potential Baltic
blockade, 79, 82; Russia as threat to, 86,
Index
165
130-31; Russian A2/AD capabilities and,
75-76; Swedish relations, 134
deterrence of Russia: Germany and, 94,
97-98; Norway and, 105-6, 108-9;
Sweden and Finland and, 125-26,
136-37, 156; United States and, 13. See
also Baltic Sea States, NATO relations
and deterrence in
elections, Russian interference in, 12,41-43
energy resources: Black Energy cyber virus
(2016), 41; Norway and, 103-4; oil prices
and, 10, 65-66; Russian control of, 11,
79; transport through Baltic region, 64,
78-79
Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) of
NATO: criticism of, 3; deployment of, 70;
effectiveness of, 41; Germany leading, 95;
new requirements of, 39; symbolism of, 1
ERI (European Reassurance Initiative), 1,
36-37,71,80, 90
espionage, 69; cyber espionage, 40
Estonia: conscription in, 67; Cooperative
Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in,
40, 68; cyber warfare directed against, 58;
defense of, 62; defense spending of,
66-67; NATO air-policing mission in,
69; NATO battalions stationed in, 90;
Russian border treaty, 69; Russian expa-
triates in, 67-68, 156; standard of living
in, 63-64
European Centre of Excellence on Counter-
ing Hybrid Threats, 146
Europe and European Union (EU): Baltic
region security and, 51-55, 76-77; Com-
puter Emerging Response Team, 45;
Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty
(1990), 11,43; defense spending of, 46,
53, 86; Finland relations, 46-47, 145;
Global Security Strategy, 46; infrastruc-
ture to support military mobility, 36, 39,
81; Joint Declaration (NATO-EU),
45-46; Lisbon Treaty (2007), 46-47,
122, 145; media falsification countermea-
sures of, 68; NATO relations, 45-47,98,
146; neo-Westphalian order in, 50; post-
Cold War status of, 9; reassertion of,
10-11; refugee crisis in, 2, 12,65, 99;
Russia as threat to, 70; Russian counter-
sanctions against, 64, 66; Russian
relations, 12, 19-20; sanctions on Russia,
66,79; soft power of, 50; terrorism in, 2;
trade policy and, 14-15; US relations, 1,
9, 12-13,46-47,49, 86,157; V4 Battle
Group in, 88. See also specific countries
European Leadership Network, 43-44,77
European Reassurance Initiative (ERI), 1,
36-37,71,80,90
European Security Doctrine (2003), 50
Finland, 4, 141-52; airspace safety and, 44;
Baltic region securityand, 131, 136-38,
143, 145-46, 155; defense agreements of,
134, 137, 146-49, 151^13; defense spend-
ing and planning of, 133-34,143-44,
146-48; Enhanced Opportunities Part-
nership membership, 131; EU relations,
46-47, 145; Hybrid Warfare Center of
Excellence in, 43; military exercises of,
42, 146, 156; NATO membership debate,
135-36, 146-49; NATO partnership of,
3,39,42,70,129-37,143-46; nonalign-
ment of, 133, 138#10, 146; Partnership
for Peace membership, 132-33; Polish
relations, 88; Russia as threat to, 130,
148; Winter War with Russia, 24
Fontaine, Richard, 76
France: defense spending of, 35; Russian rela-
tions, 12
free speech, 69
Gallie, Walter Bryce, 52-53
Gareev, Makhmut, 22-23, 26
Georgia: NATO partnership of, 131; Russian
invasion of (2008), 10, 66, 88
Gerasimov, Valerii, 17,21
Germany, 4, 93-100; Baltic Sea region secu-
rity and, 93-95,97,99,155; defense
agreements of, 134; defense spending of,
35, 96; deterrence of Russia, advocacy for,
94, 97-98; hybrid warfare and, 97-98;
military exercises of, 96; NATOs adapta-
tion, support for, 94-96; NATO’s forward
defense stationed in, 37; Nordic-Baltic
security and, 93-94; Polish relations, 88;
political, military, and financial challenges,
166
Index
Germany (continued)
96- 97; security and defense policy of, 94,
98-99; soft power, preference for, 68;
Transatlantic Capability Enhancement
and Training Initiative, 97; Ukraine-
Russia conflict, reaction to, 98-99; US
relations, 13
globalization, 19, 50
global order, 2, 15,27
Gotkowska, Justyna, 154
Gotland, 4, 117-27; Baltic Sea region secu-
rity and, 118,133, 148,155; current role
of, 123-25; future role of, 125-26;
NATO and, 3; new Cold War and, 121—
23; post-Cold War period and, 118-21;
Russia as potential threat to, 123-25
Great Britain. See United Kingdom
Halonen, Tarja, 135
Hammes, T. X., 79
Harmel Report (1967), 94,97, 155
Headquarters Multinational Corps North-
east (HQMNC NE), 89
Helsinki Agreement (1975), 11
Herzegovina, Stabilization Force in, 132
High North. See Arctic region
historical perspective: liberal societies and,
51, 53-54; Russia national security and,
23-25,51,53,68
Hodges, Ben, 39
Honkanen, Karoliina, 134, 155
Howard, Michael, 12, 51
Hultqvist, Peter, 137
Hungary, Polish relations, 88
Hunter, Robert, 53
Hussein, Saddam, 10
hybrid warfare: Baltic Sea region and, 55-57,
62; foreign election interference and, 12,
41-43; German recommendations for,
97- 98; Hybrid Warfare Center of Excel-
lence, 43; information warfare and,
68-69; NATO strategy for, 40-43,45,
57-58, 153; of Russia, 3,11, 18,42-43,
55, 57,65
Iceland, securityof, 105,109
lives, Toomas Hendrik, 67, 137
information warfare, 68-69. See also cyber
warfare and defense
International Civilian Aviation Organiza-
tion (ICAO), 44
International Discussion Club meeting
(2014), 86
International Security Assistance Force
(ISAF), 132-33
Internet: as threat to Russian national secu-
rity, 22; weapons systems connected to,
39-40. See also cyber warfare and defense
Iraq War, 9-10, 107
Islamic State (IS), 2-3, 99
Islamist terrorism, 2, 65
Italy, NATO military exercises in, 34
Joint Declaration (NATO-EU), 45-46, 98
Joint Expeditionary Force, 134
Jordan, NATO partnership of, 131
Kaliningrad: militarization of, 1-2, 36,
38-39, 65,77, 85; Russian A2/AD capa-
bilities and, 1-2,75; as threat to Baltic
region, 130
Kaplan, Robert, 50
Kasekamp, Andres, 156
Khrushchev, Nikita, 53
Kohver, Eston, 69
Kokoshin, Andrei, 26
Latvia: defense spending of, 35, 54; NATO
battalions stationed in, 90; Russians
expatriates in, 67-68; standard of living
in, 63-64; vulnerability of, 54
Lavrov, Sergei, 20, 50
Lenin, Vladimir, 63
Le Pen, Marine, 12
Libya, war in, 107, 132
Lieber, Robert J., 157
Lisbon Treaty (2007), 46-47, 122, 145
Lithuania: Center for Energy Security of
NATO in, 68; conscription in, 67;
defense spending of, 66—67; military
exercises of, 81; NATO air-policing mis-
sion in, 69, 85,130; NATO battalions
stationed in, 90; NATO vulnerabilities
in, 65; Russian expatriates in, 68
Index
167
Lofven, Stefan, 136
Lucas, Edward, 53, 130
Lukyanov, Fyodor, 18, 23
MacArthur, Douglas, 13
Macron, Emmanuel, 35
Major, Claudia, 155
Mattis, James, 36,137
Mead, Walter Russell, 13, 157
media falsifications and propaganda, 12,
42-43,68-69,98
Medvedev, Dmitri, 10
Merkel, Angela, 14, 67
Middle East. See North Africa and Middle
East
military exercises: on and around Gotland,
124; in Baltic Sea region, 34, 38, 67,
80-81; of Denmark, 80-81; of Estonia,
67; of Finland, 42, 146, 156; of Germany,
96; of Lithuania, 81; of Norway, 106; of
Poland, 34, 88; of Sweden, 42,124, 135,
146, 156; of United States, 70
military exercises of NATO: for Baltic region
security, 34, 38,67,70,80-81; in Black
Sea region, 37; briefing Russia on, 44;
Crisis Management Exercises, 42, 135;
Trident Juncture (2015), 34; US partici-
pation in, 70, 80, 89
military exercises of Russia: A2/AD capabili-
ties, demonstration of, 77; briefing
NATO on, 44; NATO response to, 38;
objective of, 52, 124-25; over Sweden,
130; to simulate nuclear attacks, 52, 86,
130; snap exercises, 18, 36, 56, 64; Vienna
Document, violation of, 43
military spending. See defense spending
Moldova, Russian relations, 10,65
Montenegro, NATO membership of, 149
Nancy, Jean-Luc, 51
nationalism, 13, 26, 33,157
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion), 4,33-48; Article 3, 53; Bosnia
conflict (1991) and, 10; burden-sharing
within, 14,35-36,46,154,157; Civil
Emergency Planning Committee, 42;
Computer Incident Response Capability,
45; Cooperative Airspace Initiative, 44;
Cooperative Center of Excellence for
Strategic Communication, 68; Coopera-
tive Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence,
40, 68; credibility of, 66, 80, 85-86, 93,
106, 109, 154; cyber warfare and defense
of, 3,39-40, 58, 143; Defense and
Related Security Capacity Building Ini-
tiative, 145-46; defense planning of, 12,
14, 36,70-71, 80, 89-90; defense spend-
ing and, 34-36,46, 154; Enhanced
Forward Presence of, 1, 3, 39,41,70, 95;
Enhanced Opportunities Partnership of,
3, 131-33, 142-44; enlargement of, 103,
133,149; EU relations, 45-47,98,146;
Finland relations, 3, 39,42,70, 129-37,
143-46; Force Integration Units of, 34,
70, 89,95; hybrid warfare and, 40-43,
45, 57-58, 153; Intelligence Division of,
41; Iraq War, support of, 10; Joint Decla-
ration (NATO-EU), 45-46; maritime
forces of, 39, 156; Partnership for Peace,
9,120, 132-33; partnerships of, 3, 131—
33, 142-46; political stabilization
measures and, 41-45; Readiness Action
Plan of, 34, 36, 39, 89, 94-95,156; Rus-
sia, threat to, 20, 36, 38, 86-87,137;
Russian cooperation and, 44-45; secu-
rity, view of, 52-53; Strategic Concept
(2010), 142; Swedish relations, 3, 39,42,
55, 70,118,129-37; Total Aviation Sys-
tem of, 38; UK relations, 46, 80; Very
High Readiness Joint Task Force, 34, 69,
80, 89,95, 106,156; weapons of, 37-38,
88. See also Article 5; Baltic Sea States,
NATO relations and deterrence in;
United States-NATO relations; specific
summits
NATO Force Integration Units (NFIUs),
34,70, 89,95
NATO Response Force (NRF), 34, 39,89,
106,154,156
NATO-Russia Council (NRC), 44-45, 97
NATO-Russia Founding Act (1997), 9, 67,
89,97
naval safety incidents, 77
The New Cold War (Lucas), 53
168
Index
new generation warfare, 55. See also hybrid
warfare
Niinisto, Jussi, 149
Niinisto, Sauli, 135
nonlinear warfare, 18, 53-56. See also hybrid
warfare
Nordic Defence Cooperation (NOR-
DEFCO), 104,134,146
North Africa and Middle East: contempo-
rary warfare in, 21; refugees from, 2, 12,
65, 99. See also specific countries
Northern Group, 104-5
Norway, 4, 101-13; air-policing of, 105, 108;
Article 5, advocacy for, 154; Baltic states
relations, 108-10; domestic priorities of,
107-8; economy of, 103—4; military
exercises of, 106; pre-2014 Baltic region
involvement of, 102-4; Russian rela-
tions, 102, 106-7; security policy of,
101-2, 104; Ukraine-Russia conflict,
reaction to, 105-6, 110; United King-
dom relations, 104-5
NRC (NATO-Russia Council), 44-45, 97
NRF (NATO Response Force), 34, 39, 89,
106,154, 156
nuclear weapons: during Cold War, 81, 118;
for deterrence and de-escalation, 26, 66,
90, 118; exercises to simulate nuclear
attacks, 52, 86, 130; hybrid warfare and,
57; of Russia, 2, 25-27, 50, 66, 86,90,
130-31; of Ukraine, 11
Obama, Barack: European Reassurance Ini-
tiative of, 80; on importance of Baltic
defense, 70
Open Skies inspection agreement, 43
Operation Unified Protector (OUP, 2011),
132,135
Organization for Security and Co-operation
in Europe (OSCE), 43-44, 94, 97
peace: cyber rules for, 40; Europe in 20th
century as unprecedented time of, 50;
multiple meanings of, 51-52; Partnership
for Peace (PfP), 132-33; Swedish-Finnish
military cooperation during, 156
Persson, Gudrun, 153-54
Petraeus, David, 14
Pew survey on NATO, 37
Piontkovsky, Andrei, 66
Poland, 4, 85-91; allies, political and military
ties to, 88; Article 5, advocacy for, 154;
defense spending of, 35, 87-88, 154;
deterrence of Russia, advocacy for, 89-90;
military exercises in, 34, 88; missile-
defense system in, 38; Multinational
Corps Headquarters Northeast (MNC
NE), 95, 156; NATO battalions stationed
in, 36-38, 90, 97, 156; natural gas supplies
and, 11; Russian relations, 24, 87; Russian
simulated attack on, 86; security and
defense policy and challenges of, 87-91;
Swedish relations, 134; US military pres-
ence in, 90, 154; vulnerabilities of, 65. See
also Warsaw NATO summit (2016)
Polish-German-Danish Headquarters Multi-
national Corps Northeast (HQ MNC
NE), 89
Poos, Jacques, 10
populist parties, 12-13, 15, 136, 157
Portugal, NATO military exercises in, 34
protests as war, 21
psychological warfare, 56—57
public broadcasting, 68-69, 98
Putin, Vladimir: achievements in Russia, 10;
on end of Soviet Union, 12, 23; on global
war, 17; military capabilities of, 18-19;
NATO vulnerability and, 65-66; on new
world order, 20, 153; on nuclear weapons,
26; reassertion of Russian regional power
and, 12; re-election of, 11; on Russian
national identity, 24; on soft power, 22;
on Ukraine as part of Russia, 63;
Ukraine-Russia conflict and, 11; unpre-
dictability of, 65; on Winter War with
Finland, 24
Raeder, Johan, 155
RAND Corporation, 81
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 61
Rasmussen, Mikkel Vedby, 154
Reagan, Ronald, 9
refugee crisis in Europe, 2, 12,65, 99
Reinsalu, Urmas, 67
Response Force (NRF), 34, 39, 89, 106,154,
156
Index
169
The Revenge of Geography (Kaplan), 50
Romania: missile-defense system in, 38;
NATO forces stationed in, 37; Polish
relations, 88
Rumsfeld, Donald, 10
Russia, 17-31; A2/AD capabilities of, 1-2,
36, 39, 65,75-78,124-25; Abkhazia and
South Ossetia interventions, 10; Arctic
Ocean activities of, 107-9; color revolu-
tions in, 22-23; countersanctions against
EU, 64, 66; Crimean War (1850s), 117,
155; defense policy of, 21-22; defense
spending of, 50, 64, 86, 153; election
fraud protests (2001), 11; EU sanctions
on, 66, 79; expatriate citizens, protection
of, 63-64, 66-69, 121,156; foreign elec-
tions, interference in, 12,41-43; Foreign
Policy Concepts, 22, 23; geo-political
goals of, 85-86; history and national
security, 23-25, 51, 53, 68; hybrid war-
fare practices of, 3,11,18,42-43, 55, 57,
65; little green men of, 40, 56,74; media
outlets of, 69; Military Doctrines, 20-21,
25-27, 29^16, 154; military moderniza-
tion of, 107-9, 123; modem conflicts
and, 20-22; national identity of, 24;
National Security Strategy of, 19-20,
23-25; NATO as threat to, 20, 36, 38,
86-87,137; NATO cooperation and,
44-45; NATO-Russia Council (NRC),
44-45; NATO-Russia Founding Act
(1997), 9,67, 89, 97; post-Cold War
period and, 118-20; propaganda and con-
spiracy theories of, 12; Putins
achievements in, 10; security, view of,
52-53; soft power of, 22-23, 51; threats
to potential NATO members, 131, 148;
treaties, violation of, 11, 43; Western
attack on, 21-23. See also antiaccess/
area-denial; Baltic Sea States-Russian
relations; deterrence of Russia; military
exercises of Russia; Ukraine-Russia con-
flict; weapons, Russian; specific countries
for relations with
SACEUR (Supreme Allied commander,
Europe), 39, 45
Sanders, Bernie, 14-15
Saxi, Häkon Lunde, 154
Sea Surveillance Cooperation in the Baltic
Sea (SUCBAS), 105
security: in NATO terms, 52-53. See also
specific regions and countries
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 9
Shea, Jamie, 156
Sipila,Juha, 149
Sivkov, Konstantin, 26
Slovakia, Polish relations, 88
Smith, Julianne, 76
soft power: of Estonia, 68; of Europe, 50; of
Germany, 68; of Russia, 22-23, 51
Solana, Javier, 54
Solberg, Erna, 107
Soloviev, Vladimir, 17
Sontag, Susan, 52
Soreide, Ine Eriksen, 105-8
South China Sea, 49-50
Spain, NATO military exercises in, 34
Stabilization Force (SFOR), 132
Stalin, Joseph, 63
Stoltenberg, Jens, 145
Stoltenberg, Thorvald, 104, 109
Stoltenberg Report (2009), 104-5
Store, Jonas Gahr, 103-4,107-8
SUCBAS (Sea Surveillance Cooperation in
the Baltic Sea), 105
Supreme Allied commander, Europe
(SACEUR), 39,45
Surkov, Vladislav, 55
Suslov, Dmitry, 27
Suwalki gap, 65
Sweden: Baltic Sea region security and, 119,
131,136-38, 143, 145, 155; defense agree-
ments of, 134,137,146, 149, 151^13,
155—56; defense spending and planning
of, 119-23,133-34, 155; Enhanced
Opportunities Partnership membership,
131; EU relations, 46-47; military exer-
cises of, 42, 124,135,146,156; NATO
membership, support for, 135-36; NATO
partnership of, 3, 39,42, 55,70, 118,129-
37; nonalignment of, 52, 133, 138/zlO,
155; Partnership for Peace membership,
132-33; Polish relations, 88; Russia as
threat to, 86, 130-31; Russian interfer-
ence in elections, 42-43; Ukraine-Russia
f Bayerische
I Staatsbibliothek i
V München )
170
Index
Sweden (continued)
conflict, reaction to, 122; US relations,
118,134, 137; weapons of, 125. See also
Gotland
Syria: refugees from, 2, 12; Russian relations,
12,21,65,75,123
TACET (Transatlantic Capability Enhance-
ment and Training Initiative), 97
Tallinn Manual (NATO), 40
terrorism: EU response to, 65; in Europe, 2;
Islamist, 2,65; Russian incursion into
Baltic as, 74. See also Islamic State (IS)
Tillerson, Rex, 36
trade policy, 14-15, 50
trade routes, 73-74,78-79, 103-4
Transatlantic Capability Enhancement and
Training Initiative (TACET), 97
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partner-
ship, 14-15
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP), 14-15
Trump, Donald: defense spending of, 36,
70-71, 80, 90, 156; European relations, 1;
on EU self-defense and burden-sharing,
46; foreign policy of, 13-15; on NATO
relevance and burden-sharing, 14, 35-36,
157; Russian relations, 3
Twitter, 42-43
Ukraine: Black Energy cyber virus (2016),
41; Maidan protests (2014), 11, 63; natu-
ral gas supplies and, 11; Russian military
bases in, 38, 62; vulnerability of, 62
Ukraine-Russia conflict: agreement and
treaty commitments and, 11; Baltic
region parallels with, 62-64; Baltic
states’ response to, 66-67,70, 130; as
challenge to West, 27; compared to West-
ern behavior, 19; cyberattacks during, 56;
effect on Western relations, 15; German
reaction to, 98-99; as hybrid warfare, 40;
justification of, 63 -64,67; NATO
response to, 1, 38, 88-89; Norway’s reac-
tion to, 105-6, 110; Russian military
exercises and, 56; Russian view of, 24, 53,
63; soft power and controlled chaos,
22-23; Sweden’s reaction to, 122; US
response to, 11-13
United Kingdom (UK): Brexit and, 46-47;
Denmark relations, 73-74, 82; NATO
relations, 46, 80; Norway relations, 104-
5; on Russian A2/AD capabilities, 76;
Swedish relations, 134
United Nations: Charter, 11; Security Coun-
cil, 12
United States (US), 4,9-16; A2/AD chal-
lenges in Asia, 75; Afghanistan and Iraq
Wars, 9-10; Baltic Sea region security and,
11-12,70, 87, 126, 157; Chicago Summit
of NATO (2012), 142; defense spending in
Europe, 12,14,36,70-71,80,90,156-57;
EU relations, 1,9,12-13,46-47,49, 86,
157; European reassertion and, 10-11;
European Reassurance Initiative, 1, 36, 80,
90; foreign policy of, 13-15; hypothetical
Baltic region conflict and, 81; military
exercises of, 70; Polish relations, 88,90;
role in Europe, 9, 12-13; Russian interfer-
ence in elections, 41; Russian relations,
2-3,19; September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks, 9; Swedish relations, 118,134,
137; trade policy and, 14-15; Transatlantic
Capability Enhancement and Training
Initiative, 97; Trump foreign policy and,
13-15; Ukraine-Russia conflict, response
to, 11-13; weapons of, 88
United States-NATO relations: Article 5
commitment of, 35, 70, 86; Baltic Sea
security and, 36-37,70, 87, 125-26;
burden-sharing and, 3, 14, 35-36,46,
157; NATO, public opinion on, 156;
NATO defense planning and, 12, 14,36,
70-71, 80,90; status of, 13-15; US influ-
ence and, 49
Vails, Manuel, 35
Vienna Congress (1815), 20,27,153-54
Vienna Document of OSCE, 43
Vilnius Group, 10, 15n2
virtual violence, 57-58
Visegrad Group (V4), 88
Vladimirov, Aleksandr L, 27
Voss, Alicia von, 155
Wales NATO summit (2014): defense spend-
ing targets of, 35, 96; Enhanced
Index
171
Opportunities Partnership program, 131,
142-43; Germany and, 94-95; on
NATO-Russian Founding Act, 89; Part-
nership Interoperability Initiative (PII),
142; Readiness Action Plan from, 34,
94-95; security decisions resulting from,
1, 125-26; Very High Readiness Joint
Task Force from, 69-70, 106
war games, 81
Warsaw NATO summit (2016): Baltic states,
reassurance for, 1,70; Cyber Defense
Pledge, 39-40; European restabilization
and, 33-34; hybrid warfare defense,
41—42; Joint Declaration (NATO-EU),
45-46, 98; long-term significance of, 47,
90; Norway’s contribution to, 108-9,
154; Poland and Baltic states, battalions
stationed in, 36-38,90; security deci-
sions resulting from, 126; unfinished
business from, 38,91
weapons: exercises to simulate nuclear
attacks, 52, 86,130; in Kaliningrad, 1-2,
36,38-39,65,77, 85; of NATO battal-
ions in Poland and Baltic states, 37-38;
NATO missile-defense, 38, 88; of Poland,
87-88; of Sweden, 125; of Ukraine, 11; of
United States, 88. See also defense spend-
ing; military exercises; nuclear weapons
weapons, Russian: A2/AD, Russian capabili-
ties for, 1-2, 36, 39, 65,75-78, 124-25;
in Baltic region, 64; defense spending
and, 50, 64, 86, 153; Kaliningrad, mili-
tarization of, 1-2,36,38-39, 65,77, 85;
modernization of, 107-9, 123; nuclear, 2,
25-27, 50,66, 86, 90, 130-31. See also
military exercises of Russia
White Book on Defense, 99
World Trade Organization (WTO), 15
“World War Three: Inside the War Room”
(BBC television program), 61
Yalta Conference (1945), 20,27, 153-54
Yanukovych, Viktor, 11, 62
Yugoslavia conflict (1991), 10
Zagorski, Andrei, 26 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Dahl, Ann-Sofie 1958- |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | a s d asd |
| author_GND | (DE-588)123408288 |
| author_facet | Dahl, Ann-Sofie 1958- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044957914 |
| callnumber-first | U - Military Science |
| callnumber-label | UA646 |
| callnumber-raw | UA646.53 |
| callnumber-search | UA646.53 |
| callnumber-sort | UA 3646.53 |
| callnumber-subject | UA - Armies |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1042909354 (DE-599)BVBBV044957914 |
| dewey-full | 355/.0330485 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 355 - Military science |
| dewey-raw | 355/.0330485 |
| dewey-search | 355/.0330485 |
| dewey-sort | 3355 6330485 |
| dewey-tens | 350 - Public administration and military science |
| discipline | Militärwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044957914</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20180627</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">180523s2018 xxu|||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">017036327</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781626165717</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-62616-571-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781626165700</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-62616-570-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="c">9781626165724</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1042909354</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044957914</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">UA646.53</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">355/.0330485</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region</subfield><subfield code="b">Russia, deterrence, and reassurance</subfield><subfield code="c">Ann-Sofie Dahl, editor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Washington, D.C.</subfield><subfield code="b">Georgetown University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">viii, 171 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Karte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">This book is about security challenges in the Baltic Sea region caused by Russia's resurgence. NATO and neutral states in the region are now concerned about an external threat for the first time since the demise of the Soviet Union. Russia has been probing air space, maritime boundaries, and even land borders from the Baltic republics to Sweden; the example of Russia's undermining of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea worries former Soviet republics with Russian minority populations; neutral Sweden and Finland may consider joining NATO; and the Trump presidency has created some doubt about America's willingness to follow through on NATO's collective defense commitment. 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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Baltic Sea Region Strategic aspects Scandinavia Strategic aspects Europe, Northern Strategic aspects Russia (Federation) Relations Baltic Sea Region Baltic Sea Region Relations Russia (Federation) Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd Skandinavien (DE-588)4055209-3 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Baltic Sea Region Strategic aspects Scandinavia Strategic aspects Europe, Northern Strategic aspects Russia (Federation) Relations Baltic Sea Region Baltic Sea Region Relations Russia (Federation) Baltikum Skandinavien Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV044957914 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:44:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781626165717 9781626165700 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017036327 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030350525 |
| oclc_num | 1042909354 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | viii, 171 Seiten Karte |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Georgetown University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance Ann-Sofie Dahl, editor Washington, D.C. Georgetown University Press 2018 viii, 171 Seiten Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier This book is about security challenges in the Baltic Sea region caused by Russia's resurgence. NATO and neutral states in the region are now concerned about an external threat for the first time since the demise of the Soviet Union. Russia has been probing air space, maritime boundaries, and even land borders from the Baltic republics to Sweden; the example of Russia's undermining of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea worries former Soviet republics with Russian minority populations; neutral Sweden and Finland may consider joining NATO; and the Trump presidency has created some doubt about America's willingness to follow through on NATO's collective defense commitment. This volume brings together an international group of contributors to examine Baltic security issues on a state-by-state basis and to contemplate what is needed to deter Russia in the region North Atlantic Treaty Organization Baltic States North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scandinavia North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States NATO (DE-588)377-3 gnd rswk-swf Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd rswk-swf Baltic Sea Region Strategic aspects Scandinavia Strategic aspects Europe, Northern Strategic aspects Russia (Federation) Relations Baltic Sea Region Baltic Sea Region Relations Russia (Federation) Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf Skandinavien (DE-588)4055209-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g Skandinavien (DE-588)4055209-3 g NATO (DE-588)377-3 b Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 s Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g DE-604 Dahl, Ann-Sofie 1958- (DE-588)123408288 edt LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030350525&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030350525&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030350525&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance North Atlantic Treaty Organization Baltic States North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scandinavia North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States NATO (DE-588)377-3 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)377-3 (DE-588)4116489-1 (DE-588)4004379-4 (DE-588)4055209-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance |
| title_auth | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance |
| title_exact_search | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance |
| title_full | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance Ann-Sofie Dahl, editor |
| title_fullStr | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance Ann-Sofie Dahl, editor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region Russia, deterrence, and reassurance Ann-Sofie Dahl, editor |
| title_short | Strategic challenges in the Baltic Sea region |
| title_sort | strategic challenges in the baltic sea region russia deterrence and reassurance |
| title_sub | Russia, deterrence, and reassurance |
| topic | North Atlantic Treaty Organization Baltic States North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scandinavia North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States NATO (DE-588)377-3 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | North Atlantic Treaty Organization Baltic States North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scandinavia North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States NATO Sicherheitspolitik Baltic Sea Region Strategic aspects Scandinavia Strategic aspects Europe, Northern Strategic aspects Russia (Federation) Relations Baltic Sea Region Baltic Sea Region Relations Russia (Federation) Baltikum Skandinavien Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030350525&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030350525&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030350525&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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