Making morality work:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2018
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 410 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780199560080 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV044885081 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20230207 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 180328s2018 |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9780199560080 |c hardback : £50.00 |9 978-0-19-956008-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1036377271 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV044885081 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-29 |a DE-355 |a DE-12 |a DE-19 |a DE-703 | ||
| 084 | |a CC 7200 |0 (DE-625)17672: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Smith, Holly M. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1159798435 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Making morality work |c Holly M. Smith |
| 250 | |a First edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c 2018 | |
| 300 | |a xiv, 410 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Moralisches Handeln |0 (DE-588)4535360-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ungewissheit |0 (DE-588)4137198-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Irrtum |0 (DE-588)4140092-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Irrtum |0 (DE-588)4140092-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Ungewissheit |0 (DE-588)4137198-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Moralisches Handeln |0 (DE-588)4535360-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-0-19-185321-0 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-0-19-254763-7 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030279199 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1811004124149317632 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
xiii
1
2. Using Moral Principles to Guide Decisions
2.1 Using Moral Principles to Guide Conduct
2.2 Two Different Kinds of Usability
2.3 Immediately Helpful Descriptions
2.4 Issues and Implications
2.4.1 The time and scope of a principles usability
2.4.2 Moral ignorance or uncertainty
2.4.3 Beliefs and credences
2.4.4 Unconscious beliefs
2.4.5 Occurrent versus dispositional beliefs
2.4.6 Mental representation of a moral principle
2.4.7 Decision procedures
2.5 Summary
11
11
12
15
23
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
31
3. Im pedim ents to Usability: Error, Ignorance, and Uncertainty
3.1 The Theoretical and Practical Domains of a Moral Principle
3.2 The Impact of Cognitive Limitations on our Ability to Use
Moral Principles in Making Decisions: Let Us Count the Ways
3.2.1 The problem of unintelligibility
3.2.2 The problem of error regarding nonmoral facts
3.2.3 The problem of uncertainty about nonmoral facts
3.2.4 The problem of ignorance of nonmoral facts
3.2.5 The problem of computational constraints
3.2.6 The problem of moral error
3.2.7 The problems of moral uncertainty and ignorance
3.2.8 The problems of meta-moral uncertainty and error
3.3 Responses to Failures of Usability
3.4 Rationales for the Usability Demand
3.4.1 Usability required by the concept of morality
3.4.2 Usability required for justice
3.4.3 Usability required in order for morality to enhance
social welfare
3.4.4 Usability required for the production of the best pattern
of actions
3.4.5 Further considerations
33
33
36
37
38
39
41
42
44
44
45
47
53
53
55
56
57
58
viii
CONTENTS
4. Pragmatic Responses to the Problem of Error
4*1 The Problem of Error
4.2 Merits of the Pragmatic Response as a Response to the Problem of Error
4.2.1 Conceptual advantages of error-free codes
4.2.2 Goal-oriented advantages: enhancement of social welfare
4.2.3 Goal-oriented advantages: the special social role of morality
4.2.4 Goal-oriented advantages: ideal patterns of action
4.3 Achieving Universal Error-Freedom by Pragmatic Responses
4.4 Achieving Universal Error-Freedom by More Radical
Means: Laundry List Codes
4.5 Achieving Universal Error-Freedom by More Radical Means:
Subjectivized Codes
4.5.1 Possible conceptual advantages of subjectivized moral codes
4.5.2 Possible goal-oriented advantages of subjectivized moral codes
4.6 The Splintered Pragmatic Response
4.7 Conclusion
60
60
62
64
64
65
67
67
5. A Further Disadvantage of Subjectivized Moral Codes
5.1 The Moral Duty to Inform Oneself before Acting
5.2 Three Caveats
5.3 Epistemic Duties
5.4 The Duty to Acquire Information before Action: Objective Moral Theories
5.5 The Duty to Acquire Information: Subjectivized Moral Theories
5.5.1 The duty to gather information in subjectivized
welfare-maximizing codes
5.5.2 The duty to gather information in subjectivized codes that
include deontic duties: free-standing duties
5.5.3 The duty to gather information in subjectivized codes
that include deontic duties: derivative duties
5.5.4 A problem for this approach, and the solution
5.5.5 Extension of Principle PSDto cases of uncertainty
5.5.6 Reasonable belief versions of the subjectivized duty to investigate
5.5.7 Summary for subjectivized deontic theories
5.5.8 Implications for objective deontological codes
5.5.9 Upshot: subjectivized deontic moral codes cannot appropriately
underwrite the duty to gather information prior to acting
5.6 Conclusion
90
91
92
93
94
105
6. Non-Ideal Pragmatic Responses to the Problem of Error
6.1 Defining‘‘Greater Usability”
6.2 A Closer Look at “Usability”
6.2.1 Comparing the value of usability in more and less important principles
6.2.2 Comparing the value of usability in principles having
better or worse content
6.2.3 Further refinement of the notion of deontic value
6.2.4 Combining the content merit and weight merit of codes
and principles
126
127
132
132
70
77
79
84
86
88
105
106
107
110
115
117
119
119
122
124
135
139
140
CONTENTS
6.2.5 Tying up a loose end: assigning weights to imperfect principles
6.2.6 Tying up further loose ends: potentially controversial implications
of our proposals
6.2.7 Introducing usability weight
6.2.8 Combining usability weight and usability into usability value
6.2.9 The extended usability value of a code
lx
145
147
148
149
153
7. Assessing Non-Ideal Pragmatic Responses to the Problem of Error
7.1 Problems for the Non-Ideal Pragmatic Approach
7.2 Conceptual Advantages of Codes with Higher Usability Values
7.2.1 The conceptual advantage of usability per se
7.2.2 The conceptual advantage of securing justice
7.3 Goal-Oriented Rationales for Usability
7.3.1 Enhancing social welfare
7.3.2 The special social role for morality in enhancing consensus
and cooperation
7.3.3 Fostering ideal patterns of action
7.4 Non-Ideal Splintered Pragmatic Responses
7.5 Conclusion
156
157
163
163
165
166
166
8. Hybrid and Austere Responses to the Problem of Error
8.1 Hybrid Approaches
8.1.1 Ideal Hybrid approaches
8.1.2 Non-ideal Hybrid approaches
8.2 Austere Approaches
8.2.1 Must a moral code be usable?
8.2.2 Must a code make the successful moral life available to everyone?
8.2.3 The argument for enhancing social welfare
8.2.4 The argument from ideal patterns of action
8.3 Conclusion
182
182
184
187
191
192
196
202
203
206
9. The Problems of Ignorance and Uncertainty
9.1 Defining the Problem of Ignorance and the Problem of Uncertainty
9.1.1 The problem of ignorance
9.1.2 The problem of uncertainty
9.2 Addressing the Problem of Uncertainty
9.2.1 Feasible joint solutions to the problems of error and uncertainty
9.2.2 Evaluation of systems of type E: Austere approaches to both
the problem of error and the problem of uncertainty
9.2.3 Evaluation of systems of type D: conjoining Austere solutions
to the problem of error with Pragmatic solutions to the
problem of uncertainty
9.2.4 Evaluation of systems of type F: conjoining Austere solutions
to the problem of error with Hybrid solutions to the problem
of uncertainty
9.3 Conclusion
207
208
208
212
214
217
169
172
177
178
218
219
225
229
X
CONTENTS
10. The Hybrid Solution to the Problems of Error and Uncertainty
10.1 Criteria of Adequacy for a Hybrid System
10.2 Proposed Decision-Guides for C*
10.2.1 Decision-Guide 1: Perform the act most likely to be right
10.2.2 Decision-Guide 2: Perform the act that would maximize
expected value
10.2.3 Decision-Guide 3: Try to perform the obligatory act
10.2.4 Feldmans Level 2 Decision-Guide
10.2.5 Pollocks decision-guide
10.3 Conclusion: Rejection of Hybrid Systems with a Single Primary
Decision-Guide
11. Multiple-Rule Hybrid Solutions to the Problems of Error
and Uncertainty
11.1 Multiple-Rule Decision-Guiding Codes
11.2 Avoiding Inconsistent Prescriptions
11.3 Sample Hybrid Multi-Decision-Guide Systems
11.4 Interpolated Decision-Guides
11.5 A Profusion of Normative Act-Evaluations
11.6 How Usable Must the Decision-Guides Be?
11.7 A New Opening for the Pragmatic Approach?
11.8 Conclusion
232
232
235
236
237
241
242
245
250
253
253
256
258
265
267
270
271
275
12. Developing the Hybrid Solution
12.1 Indirect Use of a Top-Tier Code or Principle
12.1.1 Indirect inferences
12.1.2 Beliefs based on the advice of others
12.1.3 Unconscious beliefs
12.2 A Deeper Look at Beliefs about the Highest Usable Decision-Guide
12.2.1 False beliefs about the highest usable decision-guide
12.2.2 Uncertainty about the highest usable decision-guide
a. First approach: As a condition for indirect usability, do not
require an agent to have moral beliefs about which
decision-guide is correct
b. Second approach: As a condition for indirect usability,
require an agent to have credences about which
decision-guide is correct
12.3 The Second Form of Uncertainty about which Decision-Guide is Best
12.4 Summary
277
278
278
283
286
288
288
290
13. Assessing the Hybrid Solution
13.1 Filling out the Expanded Moral Theory Approach
13.1.1 The decision-mandated act
13.1.2 Redefining indirect usability
13.1.3 Issues for Definition 13.2 of ability to indirectly use a moral
theory for guidance
308
309
309
317
293
296
305
307
320
CONTENTS
13.2 Third Approach: As a Condition for Indirect Usability, Require an
Agent to Have Credences about Which Decision-Guide is Correct,
and Make this Possible by Constraining the Standard for Guides
13.3 The Status of Decision-Guides
13.4 Limitations of the Constrained Standards Approach
13.4.1 Agents’ credences short of full belief that a decision-guide
is objectively right
13.4.2 Moral nihilism about decision-guides
13.4.3 Uncertainty all the way down
13.4.4 Uncertainty about ones own beliefs
13.4.5 Impoverished awareness of what decision-guides are available
13.4.6 Strategies for remedying these problems
13.4.7 Upshot
13.5 Is the Constrained Standards Hybrid Approach itself too
Epistemically Demanding?
13.6 Conclusion
XX
326
332
333
334
334
335
336
336
336
340
341
343
14. Conclusion
345
Appendix: List o f Principles and Definitions
References
Index o f Names
General Index
361
385
399
403
H olly M . Smith is Distinguished Professor of
Philosophy at Rutgers University, following
appointm ents at Tufts University, the
University of Pittsburgh, the University of
Michigan, the University of Illinois-Chicago,
and the University of Arizona. She has
published widely on topics in normative
ethics, moral decision making, the theory of
moral responsibility, and bio-m edical ethics.
M ost of us hope to do what morality requires of us. But what if we can't figure out
what it does require? A soldier may know that morality requires him not to kill an
innocent civilian but he can't tell whether the driver of a suspicious car is an innocent
civilian or a terrorist about to detonate a bomb. Holly M. Smith addresses this
problem in M aking Morality Work by asking whether we should reject moral codes
that can't be used by anyone hampered by inadequate information.
When considering questions of morality, we call on moral theories to play both a
theoretical and a practical role. These theories provide accounts of what makes
actions right or wrong, and also provide a standard by which agents can guide their
own conduct. It is usually assumed that a single theory can serve both roles, but
limited knowledge often prevents people from using traditional normative theories
to make decisions. Smith examines three major strategies for addressing this
'epistemic problem' in morality before developing an innovative solution that
overcomes the weaknesses of prior approaches. Making Morality Work opens a path
towards resolving a deep problem in moral life. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Smith, Holly M. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1159798435 |
| author_facet | Smith, Holly M. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Smith, Holly M. |
| author_variant | h m s hm hms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044885081 |
| classification_rvk | CC 7200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1036377271 (DE-599)BVBBV044885081 |
| discipline | Philosophie |
| edition | First edition |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044885081</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230207</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">180328s2018 |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780199560080</subfield><subfield code="c">hardback : £50.00</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-19-956008-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1036377271</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044885081</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CC 7200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)17672:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Smith, Holly M.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1159798435</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Making morality work</subfield><subfield code="c">Holly M. Smith</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">First edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Oxford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xiv, 410 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Moralisches Handeln</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4535360-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ungewissheit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4137198-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Irrtum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4140092-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Irrtum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4140092-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ungewissheit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4137198-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Moralisches Handeln</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4535360-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-19-185321-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-19-254763-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030279199</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV044885081 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-23T16:15:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199560080 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030279199 |
| oclc_num | 1036377271 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-703 |
| physical | xiv, 410 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Smith, Holly M. Verfasser (DE-588)1159798435 aut Making morality work Holly M. Smith First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2018 xiv, 410 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Moralisches Handeln (DE-588)4535360-8 gnd rswk-swf Ungewissheit (DE-588)4137198-7 gnd rswk-swf Irrtum (DE-588)4140092-6 gnd rswk-swf Irrtum (DE-588)4140092-6 s Ungewissheit (DE-588)4137198-7 s Moralisches Handeln (DE-588)4535360-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-185321-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-254763-7 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Smith, Holly M. Making morality work Moralisches Handeln (DE-588)4535360-8 gnd Ungewissheit (DE-588)4137198-7 gnd Irrtum (DE-588)4140092-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4535360-8 (DE-588)4137198-7 (DE-588)4140092-6 |
| title | Making morality work |
| title_auth | Making morality work |
| title_exact_search | Making morality work |
| title_full | Making morality work Holly M. Smith |
| title_fullStr | Making morality work Holly M. Smith |
| title_full_unstemmed | Making morality work Holly M. Smith |
| title_short | Making morality work |
| title_sort | making morality work |
| topic | Moralisches Handeln (DE-588)4535360-8 gnd Ungewissheit (DE-588)4137198-7 gnd Irrtum (DE-588)4140092-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Moralisches Handeln Ungewissheit Irrtum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030279199&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smithhollym makingmoralitywork |