Human DNA polymerases: biology, medicine, and biotechnology
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Singapore
World Scientific
[2018]
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 375 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9789813226401 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface v
About the Authors ix
Chapter 1 History of DNA Polymerases 1
1.1 Imaging an enzyme that assembles the nucleotides
into DNA 1
1.1.1 DNA polymerase activity in extracts of
Escherichia coli 5
1.1.2 Escherichia coli DNA polymerase can
synthesize DNA with genetic activity:
creating life in the test tube 9
1.1.3 Bacteria contain many DNA polymerases 11
1.1.4 How is a new DNA chain started?
Discontinuous DNA synthesis and the
need for a RNA primer 13
1.1.5 RNA priming as a mechanism for initiation:
DNA primase 14
xiii
xiv
Contents
1.2 Late 1960s to early 1970s DNA replication
shows its complexity 15
1.2.1 The DNA structure is much more complex,
rich of conformational flexibility and thus
full of functional potentialities than the one
proposed by Watson and Crick 15
1.2.2 DNA binding proteins, DNA helicases, DNA
topoisomerases 17
1.3 Concluding remarks, parts 1.1-1.2 18
1.4 Multiple DNA polymerases in eukaryotic cells:
DNA polymerases a, ß and 7 as the first ones 19
1.4.1 DNA polymerase a 21
1.4.2 DNA polymerase ß 22
1.4.3 Lack of relationship between high- and
low-molecular-weight DNA polymerases 23
1.4.4 1975: First nomenclature system for
eukaryotic DNA polymerases 24
1.4.5 DNA polymerase 7 25
1.5 Early attempts to ascribe an in vivo function to
DNA polymerases a, ß and 7 27
1.5.1 Positive correlation of DNA polymerase
a. with cellular DNA replication and
development 27
1.5.2 DNA polymerase 7 is the mitochondrial
DNA polymerase and replicates
mitochondrial DNA 30
1.5.3 Further evidence for a major involvement of
DNA polymerase a in DNA replication and
of DNA polymerase ß in DNA repair 32
1.6 DNA polymerases 6 and e 36
1.7 Yeast DNA polymerases 38
1.7.1 Revised nomenclature for eukaryotic DNA
polymerases
40
Contents xv
1.8 Plant cell DNA polymerases 40
1.9 Virus-induced DNA polymerases 43
1.9.1 Herpes virus DNA polymerase 43
1.9.2 Vaccinia virus DNA polymerase 44
1.9.3 DNA polymerase activity in Hepatitis B
particle 44
1.9.4 Retroviruses reverse transcriptase 45
1.10 1999-2000: Appearance of many novel
specialized DNA polymerases 45
1.10.1 DNA polymerase C the lesion extender 46
1.10.2 DNA polymerase 6 46
1.10.3 DNA polymerases A and ¡x, two family
X DNA polymerases 47
1.10.4 The complex Y family of DNA polymerases 47
1.10.5 PrimPol 48
1.10.6 Present nomenclature for eukaryotic DNA
polymerases 48
1.11 Concluding remarks, parts 1.4—1.10 48
References 51
Chapter 2 DNA Polymerases: General Aspects 63
2.1 Synthesis and maintenance of DNA in nature need
DNA polymerases 63
2.2 The DNA polymerase reaction 65
2.3 The universal right-hand structure of a DNA
polymerase 68
2.4 The eight DNA polymerase families and their
functions: An overview 70
2.5 DNA polymerase holoenzymes 78
2.6 DNA polymerases, ring-like clamps and
clamp loaders 81
xvi
Contents
2.7 DNA polymerases, alternative clamps and clamp
loaders 86
2.8 Replicative DNA polymerases and interacting
proteins 88
2.9 DNA polymerases and the single-stranded DNA
binding replication protein A 89
2.10 Chapter summary 91
References 93
Chapter 3 Human DNA Polymerases: From Structure to Function 99
3.1 The high number of specialized pathways in
eukaryotic cells requires a plethora of specialized
DNA synthesizing enzymes 99
3.2 Eukaryotic DNA polymerase structure: The
“right hand” of the cell 104
3.2.1 Common features 104
3.2.2 Specific features of the different families 106
3.3 Eukaryotic DNA polymerases accessory
subunits 115
3.4 Eukaryotic DNA polymerase fidelity: Structural
and functional aspects 120
3.5 Biochemical and functional properties of the
different eukaryotic DNA polymerases 124
3.5.1 Family A DNA polymerases 124
3.5.2 Family B DNA polymerases 130
3.5.3 Family X DNA polymerases 139
3.5.4 Family Y DNA polymerases 146
3.5.5 PrimPol 151
3.6 Interaction with auxiliary factors 152
3.7 Incorporation of ribonucleotides in DNA 156
3.8 Eukaryotic DNA polymerases are tightly
regulated in the cell cycle 157
Contents xvii
3.9 Chapter summary 161
References 162
Chapter 4 Human DNA Polymerases in Different DNA
Transactions 191
4.1 Sixteen DNA polymerases and telomerase:
share of workload and redundancies 191
4.2 DNA replication in living organisms requires three
DNA polymerase molecules at the replication fork 197
4.2.1 Prokaryotes 197
4.2.1.1 The Escherichia replisome 197
4.2.2 Eukaryotes 201
4.2.3 Proofreader versus non-proofreader DNA
polymerases 203
4.3 Different DNA repair pathways have their own
DNA polymerases, but can also borrow them from
the replication machinery 204
4.4 Translesion DNA synthesis in eukaryotes
generally requires two DNA polymerases: An
inserter and an extender 210
4.5 Expression of DNA polymerases 216
4.6 DNA polymerases switch between different
DNA transactions 217
4.6.1 Prokaryotes 217
4.6.2 Eukaryotes 220
4.7 Functions of DNA polymerases in checkpoint
control 229
4.8 Chapter summary 232
References 233
Chapter 5 DNA Polymerases and Human Diseases 249
5.1 Introduction 249
5.2. DNA polymerases and genetic stability 253
xviii
Contents
5.3 DNA polymerases and resistance to chemotherapy 265
5.4 DNA polymerase 7 and human diseases 266
5.5 Chapter summary 270
References 271
Chapter 6 Human DNA Polymerases and Chemotherapy 281
6.1 DNA polymerases are important chemotherapeutic
targets 281
6.2 Strategies and problems for the design of
inhibitors of DNA polymerases 282
6.2.1 Substrate analogs 282
6.2.2 Non-substrate analogs 284
6.2.3 Novel insilico technologies for designing
inhibitors of DNA polymerases 285
6.3 The rationale behind the inhibition of DNA
polymerases 288
6.3.1 The synthetic lethality approach 288
6.3.2 DNA polymerases in cancer progression
and chemoresistance 290
6.4 Inhibitors of family X DNA polymerases 291
6.4.1 Terminal deoxynucléotidyl transferase
inhibitors 291
6.4.2 DNA polymerase A and ß inhibitors 293
6.5 Inhibitors of family Y DNA polymerases 294
6.6 Natural inhibitors of DNA polymerases 295
6.7 Chapter summary 296
References 297
Chapter 7 Polymerase Chain Reaction and Heat-Stable DNA
Polymerases: The History and the Potential of
Evolved DNA Polymerases 303
References 307
Contents
xlX
Chapter 8 Synthetic Evolution of DNA Polymerases for Novel
Properties 309
8.1 Why design enzymes with novel properties? 309
8.2 DNA polymerases have a tight active site to
which the substrates fit 310
8.3 Methods to evolve DNA polymerases with
novel properties 314
8.3.1 Detection and characterization of DNA
polymerases and mutants thereof by
functional complementation in
Escherichia coli 314
8.3.2 DNA polymerase evolution by random
point mutagenesis 315
8.3.3 DNA polymerase evolution by
compartmentalized self-replication
(CSR) and by compartmentalized
self-tagging (CST) 317
8.3.4 DNA polymerase evolution by
phage display 318
8.3.5 DNA polymerase evolution by
oligonucleotide addressed enzyme assay
(OAEA) 318
8.4 Applications of DNA polymerases with novel
properties 321
8.5 DNA polymerases with novel and/or improved
properties 323
8.5.1 DNA polymerases with improved
properties for PCR 323
8.5.2 DNA polymerases resistant to inhibitors 326
8.5.3 DNA polymerases handling altered DNA 327
8.5.4 DNA polymerase hybrids and dimers 330
8.5.5 DNA polymerase with RNA polymerase
properties 331
XX
Contents
8.5.6 Improved reverse transcriptase PCR
enzymes 332
8.5.7 DNA polymerases and expansion of the
genetic code 334
8.5.8 DNA polymerases and next-generation
sequencing (NGS) 336
8.5.9 DNA polymerases and processing of
modified dNTPs and rNTPs 337
8.5.10 DNA polymerases active on surfaces 338
8.6 DNA polymerases and recent applications 338
8.6.1 DNA polymerases and loop-mediated
isothermal amplification of DNA 338
8.6.2 DNA polymerases and recombinase
polymerase amplification 339
8.6.3 DNA polymerases and ultrafast PCR 340
8.7 Chapter summary 340
References 341
Chapter 9 Market for Evolved DNA Polymerases in Routine
and Medical Applications 349
9.1 Introduction: The market 349
9.2 Next-generation sequencing (NGS): Prices drop
while speed increases 350
9.3 Single-cell sequencing 352
9.4 Synthetic biology 353
9.5 Direct and digital PCR 354
9.6 Microbiomics, metagenomics and personal
genomics 355
9.7 Additional amplification techniques 356
9.7.1 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification 356
9.7.2 Rolling circle amplification 357
9.7.3 Recombinase polymerase amplification 357
Contents
xxi
9.7.4 Nicking enzyme amplification reaction 358
9.7.5 Helicase-dependent amplification 358
9.8 Chapter summary 358
References 359
Subject Index 363
Author Index 373
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| spelling | Maga, Giovanni Verfasser aut Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology Giovanni Maga, Silvio Spadari, Giuseppe Villani, Ulrich Hübscher Singapore World Scientific [2018] xxi, 375 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen (DE-588)4150345-4 gnd rswk-swf Chemotherapie (DE-588)4127083-6 gnd rswk-swf DNA polymerases (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen (DE-588)4150345-4 s Chemotherapie (DE-588)4127083-6 s DE-604 Spadari, Silvio 1939- Sonstige (DE-588)1156856205 oth Villani, Giuseppe 1949- Sonstige (DE-588)1156856256 oth Hübscher, Ulrich 1948- Sonstige (DE-588)1089129998 oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030120351&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Maga, Giovanni Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen (DE-588)4150345-4 gnd Chemotherapie (DE-588)4127083-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4150345-4 (DE-588)4127083-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology |
| title_auth | Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology |
| title_exact_search | Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology |
| title_full | Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology Giovanni Maga, Silvio Spadari, Giuseppe Villani, Ulrich Hübscher |
| title_fullStr | Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology Giovanni Maga, Silvio Spadari, Giuseppe Villani, Ulrich Hübscher |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human DNA polymerases biology, medicine, and biotechnology Giovanni Maga, Silvio Spadari, Giuseppe Villani, Ulrich Hübscher |
| title_short | Human DNA polymerases |
| title_sort | human dna polymerases biology medicine and biotechnology |
| title_sub | biology, medicine, and biotechnology |
| topic | DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen (DE-588)4150345-4 gnd Chemotherapie (DE-588)4127083-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen Chemotherapie Aufsatzsammlung |
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