Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies: Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese
The fall of Singapore and the brilliant victories achieved since the start of the war mean we are protected, but I don’t know just how grateful I should be. —Takahashi Aiko, housewife, February 1942This is my final departure from the home islands. I have paid my respects to those who have helped me....
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Honolulu
University of Hawaii Press
[2005]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | FHA01 FKE01 FLA01 UBG01 UPA01 FAW01 FAB01 FCO01 Volltext |
| Zusammenfassung: | The fall of Singapore and the brilliant victories achieved since the start of the war mean we are protected, but I don’t know just how grateful I should be. —Takahashi Aiko, housewife, February 1942This is my final departure from the home islands. I have paid my respects to those who have helped me. I have no regrets. —Itabashi Yasuo, navy kamikaze pilot, February 1944 We had rice gruel for lunch again. There was no tofu in it, but there were potatoes.... We went through with the closing ceremony and received our report cards. Everyone was there. From now on, I’ll persevere and not fail. —Manabe Ichiro, primary school student, July 1944 This collection of diaries gives readers a powerful, firsthand look at the effects of the Pacific War on eight ordinary Japanese. Immediate, vivid, and at times surprisingly frank, the diaries chronicle the last years of the war and its aftermath as experienced by a navy kamikaze pilot, an army straggler on Okinawa, an elderly Kyoto businessman, a Tokyo housewife, a young working woman in Tokyo, a teenage girl mobilized for war work, and two schoolchildren evacuated to the countryside. Samuel Yamashita’s introduction provides a helpful overview of the historiography on wartime Japan and offers valuable insights into the important, everyday issues that concerned Japanese during a different and disastrously difficult time |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 21. Nov 2017) |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource illus |
| ISBN: | 9780824840587 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zc 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV044676907 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 171211s2005 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9780824840587 |9 978-0-8248-4058-7 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.21313/9780824840587 |2 doi | |
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.21313/9780824840587 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (ZDB-23-DGG)9780824840587 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1015881247 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV044676907 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-859 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-860 |a DE-473 |a DE-739 |a DE-1046 |a DE-1043 |a DE-858 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Yamashita, Samuel Hideo |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies |b Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese |c Samuel Hideo Yamashita |
| 264 | 1 | |a Honolulu |b University of Hawaii Press |c [2005] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 1 online resource |b illus | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 21. Nov 2017) | ||
| 520 | |a The fall of Singapore and the brilliant victories achieved since the start of the war mean we are protected, but I don’t know just how grateful I should be. —Takahashi Aiko, housewife, February 1942This is my final departure from the home islands. I have paid my respects to those who have helped me. I have no regrets. —Itabashi Yasuo, navy kamikaze pilot, February 1944 We had rice gruel for lunch again. There was no tofu in it, but there were potatoes.... We went through with the closing ceremony and received our report cards. Everyone was there. From now on, I’ll persevere and not fail. —Manabe Ichiro, primary school student, July 1944 This collection of diaries gives readers a powerful, firsthand look at the effects of the Pacific War on eight ordinary Japanese. Immediate, vivid, and at times surprisingly frank, the diaries chronicle the last years of the war and its aftermath as experienced by a navy kamikaze pilot, an army straggler on Okinawa, an elderly Kyoto businessman, a Tokyo housewife, a young working woman in Tokyo, a teenage girl mobilized for war work, and two schoolchildren evacuated to the countryside. Samuel Yamashita’s introduction provides a helpful overview of the historiography on wartime Japan and offers valuable insights into the important, everyday issues that concerned Japanese during a different and disastrously difficult time | ||
| 546 | |a In English | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pazifikkrieg |g 1941-1945 |0 (DE-588)4249775-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Japan |0 (DE-588)4028495-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 655 | 7 | |8 1\p |0 (DE-588)4133254-4 |a Erlebnisbericht |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Japan |0 (DE-588)4028495-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Pazifikkrieg |g 1941-1945 |0 (DE-588)4249775-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |8 2\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a ZDB-23-DGG | ||
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030074150 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 883 | 1 | |8 2\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l FHA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FHA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l FKE01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FKE_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l FLA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FLA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l UBG01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UBG_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l UPA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UPA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l FAW01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAW_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l FAB01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAB_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |l FCO01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FCO_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178128866639872 |
|---|---|
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Yamashita, Samuel Hideo |
| author_facet | Yamashita, Samuel Hideo |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Yamashita, Samuel Hideo |
| author_variant | s h y sh shy |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044676907 |
| collection | ZDB-23-DGG |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-23-DGG)9780824840587 (OCoLC)1015881247 (DE-599)BVBBV044676907 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04288nmm a2200577zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044676907</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">171211s2005 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-8248-4058-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-23-DGG)9780824840587</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1015881247</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044676907</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1043</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-858</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yamashita, Samuel Hideo</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies</subfield><subfield code="b">Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese</subfield><subfield code="c">Samuel Hideo Yamashita</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Honolulu</subfield><subfield code="b">University of Hawaii Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2005]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">illus</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 21. Nov 2017)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The fall of Singapore and the brilliant victories achieved since the start of the war mean we are protected, but I don’t know just how grateful I should be. —Takahashi Aiko, housewife, February 1942This is my final departure from the home islands. I have paid my respects to those who have helped me. I have no regrets. —Itabashi Yasuo, navy kamikaze pilot, February 1944 We had rice gruel for lunch again. There was no tofu in it, but there were potatoes.... We went through with the closing ceremony and received our report cards. Everyone was there. From now on, I’ll persevere and not fail. —Manabe Ichiro, primary school student, July 1944 This collection of diaries gives readers a powerful, firsthand look at the effects of the Pacific War on eight ordinary Japanese. Immediate, vivid, and at times surprisingly frank, the diaries chronicle the last years of the war and its aftermath as experienced by a navy kamikaze pilot, an army straggler on Okinawa, an elderly Kyoto businessman, a Tokyo housewife, a young working woman in Tokyo, a teenage girl mobilized for war work, and two schoolchildren evacuated to the countryside. Samuel Yamashita’s introduction provides a helpful overview of the historiography on wartime Japan and offers valuable insights into the important, everyday issues that concerned Japanese during a different and disastrously difficult time</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In English</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Pazifikkrieg</subfield><subfield code="g">1941-1945</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4249775-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Japan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028495-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4133254-4</subfield><subfield code="a">Erlebnisbericht</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Japan</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028495-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Pazifikkrieg</subfield><subfield code="g">1941-1945</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4249775-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">2\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030074150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">2\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">FHA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FHA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">FKE01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FKE_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">FLA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FLA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">UBG01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">UPA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UPA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">FAW01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAW_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">FAB01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAB_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587</subfield><subfield code="l">FCO01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FCO_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Erlebnisbericht |
| geographic | Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Japan |
| id | DE-604.BV044676907 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:59:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780824840587 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030074150 |
| oclc_num | 1015881247 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-859 DE-Aug4 DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-858 |
| owner_facet | DE-859 DE-Aug4 DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-858 |
| physical | 1 online resource illus |
| psigel | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-DGG FHA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FKE_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FLA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UBG_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UPA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAW_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAB_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FCO_PDA_DGG |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | University of Hawaii Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Yamashita, Samuel Hideo aut Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese Samuel Hideo Yamashita Honolulu University of Hawaii Press [2005] © 2005 1 online resource illus txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 21. Nov 2017) The fall of Singapore and the brilliant victories achieved since the start of the war mean we are protected, but I don’t know just how grateful I should be. —Takahashi Aiko, housewife, February 1942This is my final departure from the home islands. I have paid my respects to those who have helped me. I have no regrets. —Itabashi Yasuo, navy kamikaze pilot, February 1944 We had rice gruel for lunch again. There was no tofu in it, but there were potatoes.... We went through with the closing ceremony and received our report cards. Everyone was there. From now on, I’ll persevere and not fail. —Manabe Ichiro, primary school student, July 1944 This collection of diaries gives readers a powerful, firsthand look at the effects of the Pacific War on eight ordinary Japanese. Immediate, vivid, and at times surprisingly frank, the diaries chronicle the last years of the war and its aftermath as experienced by a navy kamikaze pilot, an army straggler on Okinawa, an elderly Kyoto businessman, a Tokyo housewife, a young working woman in Tokyo, a teenage girl mobilized for war work, and two schoolchildren evacuated to the countryside. Samuel Yamashita’s introduction provides a helpful overview of the historiography on wartime Japan and offers valuable insights into the important, everyday issues that concerned Japanese during a different and disastrously difficult time In English Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Pazifikkrieg 1941-1945 (DE-588)4249775-9 gnd rswk-swf Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 g Pazifikkrieg 1941-1945 (DE-588)4249775-9 s Geschichte z 2\p DE-604 https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Yamashita, Samuel Hideo Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese Pazifikkrieg 1941-1945 (DE-588)4249775-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4249775-9 (DE-588)4028495-5 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese |
| title_auth | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese |
| title_exact_search | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese |
| title_full | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese Samuel Hideo Yamashita |
| title_fullStr | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese Samuel Hideo Yamashita |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese Samuel Hideo Yamashita |
| title_short | Leaves from an Autumn of Emergencies |
| title_sort | leaves from an autumn of emergencies selections from the wartime diaries of ordinary japanese |
| title_sub | Selections from the Wartime Diaries of Ordinary Japanese |
| topic | Pazifikkrieg 1941-1945 (DE-588)4249775-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pazifikkrieg 1941-1945 Japan Erlebnisbericht |
| url | https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.21313/9780824840587 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yamashitasamuelhideo leavesfromanautumnofemergenciesselectionsfromthewartimediariesofordinaryjapanese |