Deaf in the USSR: marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Deaf in the USSR |b marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 |c Claire L. Shaw |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Deaf culture |z Soviet Union |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Deaf |z Soviet Union |x Social conditions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Marginality, Social |z Soviet Union |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Identity (Psychology) |z Soviet Union |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Group identity |z Soviet Union |x History | |
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| adam_text | DEAF IN THE USSR
/ SHAW, CLAIRE L.YYEAUTHOR
: 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
MAKING THE DEAF SOVIET
WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION
GOLDEN AGE
PYGMALION
DEAF-SOVIET IDENTITY IN DECLINE
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
Bibliography of
Primary Sources
Archival Sources
Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian
Federation, GARF)
f. A-5X1 All-Russian Society of the Deaf (VOG), 1917-1972
op. 1 All-Russian Union of Deaf-Mutes, 1917-1920
Section of Deaf-Mutes under the All-Union Cooperative Association of
Disabled People (V1KO), 1924-1926
All-Russian Association of Deaf-Mutes (VOG), 1926-1932
All-Russian Society of Deaf-Mutes (VOG), 1932-1959
All-Russian Society of the Deaf (VOG), 1959-1972
f. R-5575 Editorial Board of Zhizn glukhonemykh, All-Russian Society of the Deaf,
1924-1941
op. 3 Documents from Narkomsobes and VIKO on work among deaf-mutes
op. 8, d. 2 Information on the transfer of Zhizn glukhonemykh to VTsSPS
op. 9, d. 1 VTsSPS documents relating to work among deaf-mute union
members
op. 10, d. 1 Circulars and reports on deaf-mute and blind students of labor
schools
f. R-2306 Ministry of Enlightenment (Minpros) RSFSR, 1917-1988
op. 75, dd. 2557, 2616, 2719 Materials on the evacuation of deaf schoolchil-
dren during World War II and the postwar restoration of schools for the
deaf
f R-259 Soviet of Ministers (Sovmin) RSFSR, 1917-1991
op. 1, d. 395 Decrees of the Soviet of Ministers, 1952
Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsiarno-politicheskoi istorii (Russian State
Archive of Social and Political History, RGASPI)
f. 17 Central Committee of the Communist Party
op. 132, dd. 206-207 Materials of M. L. Shklovskii, director of the Leningrad
Institute of Special Schools
Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv noveishei istorii (Russian State Archive of
Contemporary History, RGANI)
f 5 Apparatus of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union
op. 55, d. 40 Materials on deaf propaganda in the WFD
279
280
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRIMARY SOURCES
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f. 3010 Moscow City Department of the All-Russian Society of the Deaf
f. 3089 House of Culture of the Moscow City Department of the All-Russian
Society of the Deaf
Vserossiiskoe obshchestvo glukhikh (All-Russian Society of the Deaf), Private
Collection
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Otchet о rabote tsentral nogo pravleniia Vserossiiskogo obshchestva glukhikh za
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Vospominaniia Mikhaila Roskina.
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Newspapers and Periodicals
Builleten Vserossiiskoi konferentsii glukhonemykh
Current Digest of the Soviet Press
Deaf American
Defektologiia
Ekspress gazeta
Iskusstvo kino
284
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRIMARY SOURCES
Izvestiia
Kańskie vedomosti
Krokodil
Literaturnaia gazeta
Meditsinskii rabotnik
Molodoi Stalinets (Saratov oblasť)
Moskovska komsomoleta
Moscow Times
Observer
Pravda
Rabochaia gazeta
Russkii invalid
Ria Novosti
Sovetskaia pedagogika
Vestnik otolaryngologii
Vestnik VOG
Vogovskie kadry (Kirov oblasť)
Voice of Silence
Volta Review
Zhizn glukhonemykh (1924-1941), later Zhizn glukhikh (1957-1971), later VEdinom
Stroiu (1972-present)
Films
Dvoe. Directed by Mikhail Bogin. USSR, 1965.
Mne dvadtsať let. Directed by Marlen Khiutsev. USSR, 1965.
Plemia. Directed by Miroslav Slaboshpytskiy. Ukraine, 2014.
Shapito-shou. Directed by Sergei Loban. Russia, 2011.
Strana glukhikh. Directed by Valerii TodorovskiL Russia, 1998.
Vash syn i brat. Directed by Vasilii Shukshin. USSR, 1965.
Index
Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
Abramov, I. A., 226-29, 232-33
All-Russian Conference of VOG (1989),
226-27
All-Russian Congress of Deaf Mutes (1917),
28-30
All-Russian Society of the Blind. See VOS
All-Russian Society of the Deaf. See VOG
All-Russian Sporting Federation of the Deaf,
137. See also sport
Antipina, G. M., 174, 182, 269n72.
APN, 116
Arnordo-Tretiakov School for Deaf-Mutes,
24-27, 37, 42, 84
audism, 14, 17, 187, 225
backwardness, 56, 174, 239n4. See also
deafness
“backwardness to first ranks, 53, 65-66, 72,
148,160, 170-71
behavior
antisoviet, 19, 72, 159-64, 169-70, 178-83,
210
deaf, 164, 182
Soviet conformity of, 13, 17, 22, 177,
184-86,211
Bekhterev, Vladimir, 32
benefits. See welfare
Beregi slukh!, 73-74, 78, 84
Beriia, Lavrentii, 76
biopolitics, 4, 8, 11, 191
blind people, 10, 32-36, 48, 83, 110, 126-27,
191. See also VOS (All-Russian Society
of the Blind)
Blum, Albert, 74-75
Bogin, Mikhail, 1-2, 9, 18, 165-68, 174,
236
buildings. See space, deaf
Buslaev, N. A., 55, 79-80, 84-86, 92, 126-28,
143,210, 255nl94
care. See welfare
Central (Republican) Palace of Culture
declining popularity of, 208-10
opening of, 122-23,123, 130-33, 150-51
use of, 141, 157, 188-90, 196, 202, 208, 213
See aho clubs, deaf
Central Directorate of VOG
activities of, 79, 86, 95, 103-5, 162, 178-80,
186
make-up of, 99, 174, 204-5, 220, 227-29
publications by, 147
reform of, 105-7, 204
Central Inspection Committee of VOG, 77,
105,106, 204
Central Museum of the History of VOG, 213
Central Soviet of VOG, 57, 77, 79
charity
deaf as objects of, 22-27, 59, 72
resistance to, 46, 52, 149, 160
children of deaf parents, 3, 7, 102, 172
civil society, 12, 19, 124, 128
clubs, deaf
accessibility of, 12, 70, 141, 215
after 1991, 233-34
cultural and political education in, 37-40,
132-33, 145, 151, 179, 207
and deaf identity, 81-82, 136-37
network of, 3, 21, 26-27, 45, 50, 77-79,
128-33, 179, 210
postwar reconstruction of, 94, 102, 105-8,
128
See aho space, deaf
cochlear implants, 235. See aho hearing aids;
technologies, assistive
Cold War, 11, 147-48, 191-92, 201,225
collapse of the USSR, 223, 228-29
collectivization, 58-59, 107, 178, 249n25
communication, problems of, 39-40, 57-58,
68-70, 80-81, 189-92
285
286
INDEX
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
deaf membership of, 37, 45, 50, 56, 67, 144
community, deaf
and attempts to integrate, 11, 16, 22, 83,
146, 196, 210-12, 237
as crucible of antisovietness, 75, 160-61,
165, 174 -77, 233
diversity within, 140-44
as “entitlement community,” 101, 150
exclusionary practices of, 72, 85, 163, 181-87
and family, 7, 172
as imagined community,” 7, 138
intergenerational conflict, 130, 140-41,
211,218,226
international links, 17, 134, 147-49,
199-202, 228
as locus of identity, 3, 16, 21-26, 81-83,
92-93, 136-39, 145-46
marginalization of, 87, 146, 156, 169,
185-87,219-20, 225
as path to sovietness, 8-13, 38-40, 98, 145,
156, 175, 178
spaces of, 45, 128, 138, 182
and use of sign language, 6-8, 81, 136,
151-53, 164, 234-35
See also schools for the deaf; sign language;
space, deaf; VOG
Congresses of Deaf Mutes
First (1917), 28-29, 41, 50
Second (1920), 35. 41-42
Congresses of VOG
First (1926), 49-50, 49
Second (1929), 58-61, 70-73, 77-78
Third (1931), 59,62, 77-78
Fourth (1947), 100, 104-6
Fifth (1951), 99, 107 -8
Seventh (1959), 145, 165
Ninth (1967), 192
Fifteenth (1995), 229, 231
Congress of Milan (1880), 24, 32, 123
crime
and deaf family, 172 -73
deaf involvement in, 73, 159-62, 168-72,
177, 185-87, 233, 237
mafia, 175, 232-33
popular anxieties regarding, 159, 163, 171,
252nl10
and rehabilitation, 160, 178-79, 187
and self-policing, 160, 164, 179-82, 185-87,
225
and women, 173-75
and young people, 163
See also postcard sellers
cultural revolution, 54, 61, 82, 142
culture, deaf
cultural “table of ranks,” 132
institutions of, 131-32, 136, 166, 219, 221
and kul turnost ,151-53
practices of, 82, 90, 123-24, 133-42, 148,
164,174, 207
and Soviet ideology, 145, 151, 179
theories of, 14-16, 90, 151, 193, 200, 225,
234
traditions of, 132-33
U. S. responses to, 201
See also kul turnost ; sign language
Deaf
Deaf hood, 14-15
Deaf Gain, 14-15,61
Deaflympics, 137
Deaf President Now (1988), 200
Deaf Pride, 200, 210, 234
Deaf Same, 14, 17
Deaf space (see space, deaf)
Deaf studies, 14-17
Deaf Way (1989), 228
deaf-mute affair, 55, 74-76
deafness
as antisoviet, 71-73, 160 -63, 184, 210
as “backwardness,” 42, 56, 65-66, 72,
125-26, 151, 161,184
causes of, 8, 73, 79, 84
as criminality, 160-64,168-77,181, 233,
237
as defect, 4-5, 31-34, 83, 126, 154, 191-97,
225
demographics of, 5, 27, 52, 100
as disability, 42-44, 79, 85, 95, 176, 230, 235
as exotic, 159-60, 165-68, 225
golden age” of, 19, 123, 142, 156-59, 211
hearing attitudes to, 30, 44, 159-60,
164-69, 182, 188-89, 194
as identity, 6, 16, 81-84, 115-16, 123-25,
130-31, 140, 234
as lack of culture, 6-7, 66, 74, 183-84
as medical diagnosis, 6, 15, 17, 119, 190-99
as modality of Sovietness, II, 123
as nationhood, 10, 43, 51, 69, 82-83
as obstacle, 5, 33, 55, 68-76, 100, 128, 169,
210
overcoming of, 5, 33-36, 54, 115-20,
196-98,214, 236-37
in popular culture, 2, 18, 87, 159, 165-69
and Soviet ideology, 2-6, 12-13, 32-37, 92,
145-46, 220
INDEX
287
as subculture, 7, 124, 232
terminology of, 8, 15-17, 119, 184, 198,
210
as tragedy, 6, 17, 33, 190, 218-19
as visual mode of being, 14-18, 138-41,
151, 207, 221, 224
See also deaf-sovietness; identity, deaf
deaf-sovietness
decline of, 19, 221, 225
as hybrid identity, 15, 21-22, 46, 81-83, 93,
123-25, 145
as institutional identity, 12, 221, 224
legacy of, 223,235-36
narratives of, 146-51, 157-58, 165, 168-69,
181-82, 201
as path to agency, 9-11, 13, 22, 124-25,
149, 225,231
precariousness of, 170, 189-90, 198
defectology, 31-32, 114-19, 191-93, 196,
239n3
developed socialism, 189-90, 207
deviance, 22, 158-60, 164, 173-74, 179, 233
D iachkov, A. I., 112, 135, 191
disability
medical model of, 15, 126, 128, 235
social model of, 14, 16, 191, 200, 224-25,
235, 243n62
Soviet classification of, 95, 256n34
See also deafness; defectology
Dmitriev, V G, 148-49, 151, 155, 183
driving licenses, 195, 272n33
Dubovitskii, I. B., 94-95, 100, 104
Dvoe (film), 1-3, 18, 165-69
Dzhikiia, Levoni, 233
education, deaf
and community ties, 25-27, 237
as curative, 14, 119, 128, 193, 196-98
and the ‘ difficult to educate,” 170-71, 178
higher education, 61-62, 70, 119, 128,
142-43, 188-89,230
industrial training, 62-63. 79, 114, 142-44,
250n35
international trends in, 15-16, 23-24, 115,
200, 240nl6
and legal rights, 24-25, 29-30
moral education (vospitanie), 47, 170-73
political education, 48, 64, 70-72, 79, 93,
144-46, 207-8
role of the expert in, 29, 111, 114-15, 118,
195, 198- 200
and Soviet ideology, 30-34, 38, 110-20,
128, 207
universal education (vseobuch), 110, 202
use of sign language in, 24, 32, 81, 120,
135, 196
See also schools for the deaf; and names of
individual institutions
educational-industrial enterprise. See UPP
educational-industrial workshop. See UPM
elderly deaf people, 130, 141, 211-16, 219-21.
See also veterans of VOG
employment
concentration of deaf people, 61-63, 84,
92, 102, 138, 141, 251n91
in creative professions, 144, 148
in deaf artels, 35-36, 45, 48, 59-64, 78, 80
practices of work placement, 36-38,
47-48, 59-64, 92, 98-100, 178, 194
in specialist professions, 142-43, 188-89,
212,216
in state industry, 7, 59-68, 73, 103-4, 126,
130, 135
See also labor
Empress Mariia Fedorovna, 23, 26
Epee, Abbe de T, 155
eugenics, 7, 55, 90, 118, 172, 224, 255n5
Evseeva, Mariia, 227
factory-plant apprenticeships (FZU), 62
family. See community, deaf
February Revolution, 3, 28. 30
Filippova. I. V., 227
Filippova, V G., 181
fingerspelling (dactylology), 69, 84, 97-99,
119,132,156
Five Year Plans, 56-59, 62-64, 73, 87
fizkul twrmfei. See sport
Fieri, V. I., 23, 117
Fourth International Festival of Youth and
Students (1957), 180
Frunze Professional-Technical School, 62,
70, 84
Fufaev, V A., 202, 203, 206-7, 226
Gachegova, Liuda, 217-20
Geil man, I. F., 6, 134-36, 196-99, 205-6, 235
generation gap. See elderly deaf people;
young deaf people
Gestuno. See sign language
Ginzburgskii, D. L.. 74-75, 176, 184
glasnost, 223-27
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 189, 225-26, 228
Grakhova, Marta, 166-67, 174
Great Break, 19, 56-57. See also Five Year Plan
Great Patriotic War. See World War II
288
INDEX
Gritskevich, D. I., 193-94
Gulag returnees, 163, 169, 175, 179. See also
crime
Gurov, Mikhail, 64, 64, 74
Gurtsov, G. A., 117
hard of hearing, 5, 16, 91, 110-20, 191-93
Hays, David, 201
health resorts, 84-85, 102
hearing aids
as curative fantasy, 192-93, 221
use of, 97, 115, 119, 190-93, 208
hearing damage, 60-61, 73
hearing gaze,” 159-60, 164-65, 183-85,
267n7
historiography, deaf, 14-17, 23-24, 90, 115,
224-25
holiday homes, 123, 130, 138-39,139, 183,
205
hooliganism, 13, 73, 94-96, 100, 159-64,
181-82. See also behavior; crime
hybrid identity. See deaf-sovietness
I Am Twenty (film), 217
identity, deaf, 6, 16, 81-84, 115-16, 123-25,
130-31, 140
U. S. model of, 16, 224-25, 227-28
See also deafness; deaf-sovietness
identity, Soviet
changing definitions of, 21, 32-33, 53-54,
124-25, 186, 207, 223
deaf engagement with, 2-3, 12, 17, 34-37,
40-47, 145-46, 224-25
historiography of, 11-13
as imperative to transform, 8, 56-68, 100,
126,162, 170-71, 196-98
as utopian vision, 2-5, 31-37, 46, 54,
124-25, 224
See also deaf-sovietness
ideology, Soviet, 11-13, 19, 22, 92, 216, 238
Institute of Defectology, 113-19, 121, 191.
See also NIID (Scientific-Research
Institute of Defectology)
intelligentsia, deaf, 78, 212, 223
interpreters, sign-language
activities of, 61-62, 67-69, 76, 81, 113, 143,
179,212
background of, 7, 254nl65
funding for, 6, 102, 135, 235
proposed replacement of, 199
training for, 106
Ivanova, M. I., 158-61, 168-71, 177, 180,
186
Jauffret, Jean-Baptiste, 23
July Days, 29
Kalinin, M. I., 83
Kalugina, A. N., 25, 38, 49, 49, 81,98-99, 146,
214-15
Khobot, V S., 208
Khronika cinema debate, 182-85
Komashinskii, V. A., 195, 216, 218
Komsomol
deaf participation in, 21-22, 37, 52, 169,
213
as social organization, 80, 180, 206, 215
Korablinov, Valerii, 226, 228-29, 231-32
Korotkov, A. S., 184, 206, 213-14
Krokodil (journal), 162
Krupskaia, Nadezhda, 31, 45
Kuksin, Valerii, 123, 156, 206-7, 223-26, 231
kul turnost (culturedness), 67, 124, 151-54,
157, 182-83, 209. Sec abo culture, deaf
labor
deaf avoidance of, 43,161-62, 173-76
deaf capability of, 4, 33-35, 42, 60-61, 83
deaf participation in, 35, 59-67, 92-94,
100, 126,129-31, 142-43
as path to agency, 35-40, 43, 60-68, 90-92,
103-4, 225
and Soviet ideology, 4, 33-36, 63, 92, 100,
224
See abo employment; TsIETIN (Central
Institute for the Examination of
Work-Capability and the Organization
of the Labor of Disabled People)
Labunskii, I. K., 93, 133, 136, 215
late-deafened, 3, 16, 192
attitudes toward, 84, 99, 141
in education, 112-14
participation in VOG, 48, 84, 106, 141
and World War II, 91, 98
leisure, 128-33, 136-44, 148, 157, 164, 207-8,
230. See abo culture, deaf
Lenin, V I., 21, 27-28, 39, 71, 122, 206
Leningrad House of Enlightenment, 50, 75,
92, 94
Leningrad Institute of Hearing and Speech,
109, 115
Leningrad Institute of Special Schools,
115-18
likbez. See literacy
lipreading, l, 24, 32, 69, 84, 111, 141. See abo
speech
literacy, 25, 35, 38-39, 67-70, 112, 199, 202
INDEX
289
living standards. See welfare
logocentrism, 11
Lukinykh, G. M., 106, 174, 205, 209
Lunacharskii, A. V., 61, 69- 74, 126
Luriia, A., 117-18
LVTs (Leningrad Rehabilitation Center),
196-99, 197, 218-19, 229
Lychkina, Sofia, 37-38, 85, 177, 184, 212, 215
mafia. See crime
Maiak (holiday home), 130,139
Maiak (newspaper), 226, 233
marginality
and agency, 8-13, 124-25, 224
persistence of, 151, 157, 164, 169, 225,
235-38
rejection of, 9, 35-36, 145-46, 157, 186
in Soviet historiography, 3, 8-10
See also community, deaf; space, deaf
marriage, 7, 27, 82, 82n270, 172. See also
children of deaf parents; community,
deaf
medical model. See disability
medical-pedagogical commissions, 195,
272n31
Mezhekov, A. V., 31,44, 81
Mikaelian, K. A., 188-89
Minakov, N. N., 58
Minkuft, 146, 207, 274n86
Minpros, 108—10. 116, 126, 195
Minsobes, 97-101, 108, 193. 205, 228
Mintslova-Piotrovskaia, M. S.։ 41, 50-51, 75
Minzdrav, 126, 195,235
Mokhonov, E. N., 61, 83
Moral Code of the Builder of Communism
(1961), 13
moral panic,” 159, 169, 173, 186. See also
behavior; crime
Moscow City House of Culture, 208-10
Moscow City VOG, 106, 174, 180-83, 208-10,
215, 217, 226-29
Moscow Special Industrial Unification, 193
muteness, 33, 71, 167-69. See also speech
MVD. See secret police
Narkompros, 39- 40, 45, 68 -69, 72, 78,
112-19, 121
Narkomsobes
relationship to VOG, 48, 51, 57, 61-62,
77-80, 97, 103-5
services for deaf people, 40, 42, 44, 69, 112
Narkomtrud, 59-60
Narkomzdrav, 40, 73, 78
National Association of the Deaf (U.S.), 201
national minorities, 10-11, 42-43, 69, 82, 224,
247n91
Nazi Germany
attitudes to deafness in, 11, 55, 75-76, 90,
253nl27
invasion and occupation by, 88, 94- 96
New Soviet Person. See identity, Soviet
newspapers, sign-language, 132-33, 141, 145,
208
NIID (Scientific-Research Institute of
Defectology), 191-92, 196, 199. See also
Institute of Defectology
NKVD. See secret police
October Revolution, 28, 30
narratives of, 37, 52, 122, 148, 156
oralism
history of, 24, 124, 224
resistance to, 38-40, 51
in Soviet deaf education, 32-33, 70-71,
111-15
in tsarist deaf education, 24-25
See also schools for the deaf; speech
orality. See speech
organizations, deaf
and activism. 3, 7-8, 16-18, 50, 196 -98,
202
and autonomy 10, 27 30, 3 5-40. 46 -48,
51,121,160
and collectivism, 3, 11, 84, 124, 138, 198,
215, 225
and democracy, 145, 204, 226
and grassroots initiative, 7 57, 128,
178-79, 226, 233
and mutual aid, 26- 27. 48, 138, 149, 212,
216, 225, 237
Palennyi, V. A., 17, 226, 234, 237
parallel modernity, 132, 138
partisans. See World War II
Pavlov, Ivan, 32
Peasant Committees of Mutual Aid, 57 58
pedology, 113 -14. See also schools for the
deaf
pension law (1956), 127, 149, 176
phonocentrism, 11, 124, 193,208
physical culture. See sport
Plemya (film), 236-37
postcard sellers (otkrytochniki), 72, 75, 161-62.
See also behavior; crime
Preobrazhenskii, V, 117-18
prophylaxis, 73, 79, 128, 192
290
INDEX
Provisional Government, 28-29
purges, 19, 55-56, 74-76, 85. See also secret
police
Pygmalion”
Izvestiia article, 158-59, 168-69
VOG debates, 161-63, 169-82, 185-87, 236
rabfak, 61-62, 65, 69, 78, 81-82, 113, 143
rally-conferences. See rural deaf people
Rau, F. A., 27, 44, 115-18
revolution from above. See cultural
revolution
Riazan affair, 162
rights, legal
and civil rights model, 190, 200
and Soviet collapse, 229-31,230
Soviet frameworks, 30-31, 127-29,
200-201
tsarist disenfranchisement, 9, 22-25,
28-29, 222, 226
rural deaf people, 56-58, 100-101, 108,
141-42
Russian Orthodox Church, 231
Russian Sign Language, 235, 240nl8. See also
sign language
sanatoria, 102-3, 123, 130
Savel ev, P. A., 49
attitude to deafness, 73
biography, 50-51,215
early years of VOG, 37, 39,45-51, 58-59,
69, 72, 77, 80-85
wartime activities, 94-97
removal from VOG chairmanship, 106,
258n98
schools for the deaf
and criminal behavior, 163, 170-73, 179
differentiation by hearing loss, 111-19
as hub of community identity, 25-26,
244n20
and mainstreaming, 116-17, 198, 217,
260nl55
postwar reforms of, 89, 109-19
under socialism, 34, 100, 109-19, 259nl30
under tsarism, 23-26
See also education, deaf
scientific-technological revolution, 190-95,
203,221,235
secret island scandal, 116-20, 172
secret police, 31, 48, 55, 74-76, 100
Secret Speech, 148, 152
sensory history, 12, 14, 241 n37
Shapito-shou (film), 236
Shklovskii, M. L-, 115-19
shock work. See Stakhanovites
Shorin, M. L. 62, 65, 69, 81-82, 113
Sicard, Abbé, 23
sign language
cultured sign (kul tumaia mimika), 154-56,
167
deaf ambivalence toward, 7, 13, 84, 198,
219
development of, 80-82, 134-36, 153-56
dictionary of, 6, 134-35, 155, 200
home sign, 57, 69-70
international status of, 23-24, 90, 134
legal status of, 135, 235
as marker of identity, 6-7, 43-44, 81-85,
135-36, 164—66,224
as mother tongue,” 24, 43, 135,198
Soviet attitudes to, 7, 32, 125-26, 155,
183-84
terminology of, 240nl8
See also education, deaf; schools for the
deaf
sign names, 82
SKPTB (Specialist Design and Technical
Planning Bureau), 130, 193,206-7
Slaboshpitskiy, Miroslav, 236
Slavina, A. B., 17, 138, 143,223, 237
Smirnov, A. P., 47-49
social model. See disability
Sokolov, S. I., 39, 41-43, 49, 50
Soviet farms (sovkhozy). See rural deaf
people
Sovmin
of the RSFSR, 108, 126-27
of the USSR, 126-27, 130, 132, 135
Sovnarkom, 31,40, 42, 47-49, 110
space, deaf
building of, 129-31, 179, 204
experience of, 16, 45, 82, 92, 123-24,
128-41, 156, 182
loss of control over, 209-10, 229
as marginalizing, 164-65, 185, 222
as theoretical construct, 7, 82, 138
See also community, deaf; marginality; sign
language
speaking Bolshevik,” 11, 67, 251n80
speech
as expectation, 33-34, 70-71, 111-20,
125-26, 184
as means to overcome deafness, 34, 71,
191-93, 196-98
as Soviet value, 12, 33, 84-85, 196-98
See also sign language
INDEX
291
speech and language training, 12, 141, 192,
197, 197
speech culture (kul tura rechi), 154-55
Spiridonov, Petr, 12, 66-67
SPON (Social and Legal Protection of
Minors), 31,112
sport, 53,54, 102, 128-29, 137-38, 146, 174,
237
Sputnik, 143 44
stagnation, 18, 189-90, 216, 219-21, 227
Stakhanovites, 5, 65-67, 66, 71-72, 87, 92-93,
100-103, 239nl0
Stalin, I. V
attitude to deafness, 125-27, 153, 172, 174,
219
Stalin constitution (1936), 55, 67, 72
stiliagi, 124
Stokoe, W., 134, 200
St Petersburg School for Deaf-Mutes,
23-26, 28
Strana glukhikh (film), 236
street clearances (1945-46), 182
Studio of Fine and Applied Arts, 132-33, 142,
144
subjectivity: See identity, Soviet
subtitling, 101, 128, 131, 207, 274n86
Sutiagin, P K.
and deaf culture, 131-32, 149
election to VOG chairmanship, 107
employment by NIID, 196
livestock scandal, 107, 205
reform of VOG, 107-9, 129
removal from VOG chairmanship, 205-6
role in Pygmalion debate, 161, 180
technologies, assistive, 90, 192-93, 203-4,
208, 224-25, 235, 250n42. See also
hearing aids
tekhnikum, 62, 98, 119, 135, 142-43, 197, 216-18
Thaw, 18, 124, 127, 139, 144, 160, 167, 178
TMZh (Theatre of Sign and Gesture)
amateur roots of, 93, 132-33
as exemplar of deaf culture, 122, 132-33,
136, 139-40, 144
and mime, 140, 153
and organized crime, 233
privileging of hearing audiences, 153-56,
209
relationship to Shchukin Theatre School,
153
representation on film, 1-2, 166
scientific” reform of, 195
and sign language, 6, 155-56, 167
Tot mianin, Erik Mikhailovich, 48, 75-76
trades union. See VTsSPS (All-Union Central
Soviet of Trades Union)
Trotskyism, 84-85
TsIETIN (Central Institute for the Examina-
tion of Work-Capability and the
Organization of the Labor of Disabled
People), 193-96, 272n23
tutelage
under socialism, 41, 45-47, 176, 222, 227,
229
under tsarism, 9, 22-23, 27-31, 51-52
Udal , A. D., 58
Udal , A. L, 30, 38, 42-45, 58, 84-85
UPM (Educational-Industrial Workshop), 61,
78, 96, 99-100, 103-8, 129
UPP (Educational-Industrial Enterprise), 129,
143, 179, 196, 206, 215, 222, 232-33
Usachev, Sergei, 10, 143
values, Soviet, 3, 8, 11-12, 124, 145, 151,
214-15, 237. See also organizations, deaf
Vash syn i brat (film), 165-69
V edinom stroiu (magazine), 211-14, 217-19,
223, 226, 233
veterans, deafened, 89, 95-99, 101-2, 140
veterans of VOG, 133, 206, 212-16. See also
elderly deaf people
VIKO (All-Russian Cooperative Association
of Disabled People), 34, 36, 63, 78, 80
visual art, 14, 132, 151
visuality. See deafness
VOG (All-Russian Society of the Deaf)
awarded Order of the Badge of Honor,”
202, 203
cadres of, 50, 78, 105-8, 197-98, 204-6
charters of, 49, 51, 104, 109, 129, 204,
227-31
as cultural community, 7, 81-84, 89, 92,
123-25, 130-44, 224
decline of, 202-6, 220, 226-31
as disciplinary body, 160, 170, 177-85, 187
financial base of, 78, 103-5, 129, 149,
202-7, 228-29, 233
founding of, 34, 47-51
histories of, 212-15, 223-24, 237-38
institutional frameworks of, 55, 77, 105-9,
133-34, 178, 204—7, 254nl75
as lobby group, 8, 38-40, 45, 201, 227, 234,
247nl 14
membership of, 48, 56-59, 63, 77, 94, 101,
108, 129, 140-41, 202, 233, 253nl53
292
INDEX
VOG (continued)
names and acronym of, 3, 50, 62, 152
as organ of Soviet transformation, 48,
56-68, 86, 97-100, 158, 177
as provider of social services, 101-4,
129-30, 149-51, 176-77, 206-7, 216
reforms of, 79-80, 84, 96, 105-9, 226-28
as state within a state, 204, 221-22
as voluntary association, 7, 12, 48-49, 54
voluntary organizations, 12, 27, 49, 54, 201,
242n41
Soviet targeting of, 40
VOS (All-Russian Society of the Blind), 10,
48, 60, 89, 104-5, 229, 250n42, 262n25.
See also blind people
VSG (All-Russian Union of Deaf-Mutes), 3,
28-35, 39-44, 46-47, 51
VSNKh (Supreme Soviet of the Economy),
59-60
VTsSPS (All-Union Central Soviet of Trades
Union)
conflict with VOG, 42, 78-80, 85-86,
108-9
Higher School of Professional Activity,
106-7, 143
provision of services for deaf people,
61-65,92, 102,210,216
VUZ (Higher Education Establishment),
61-62, 78, 113, 135, 153, 212
Vygotskii, L.S., 16, 31-34, 71, 111-13, 119,
191, 259nl41
welfare
as cause of criminality, 160, 177
deaf as recipients of, 6, 8, 17, 44, 149,
156-57,212-14
as disabling, 44, 150, 176
as material support (l goty 90, 101-9,
120-21, 149-50, 160,221
narratives of, 149-51, 157, 206֊֊7, 214
in postwar Europe, 129-30
as social contract, 150
WFD (World Federation of the Deaf), 90,
134, 147, 199, 201-2
women, deaf
activities of, 37-38, 174-77
attitudes toward, 1, 78,165-69,173,253nl47
as doubly other;’ 160, 173-74, 186
World War 1,27
World War II
cult of, 127,212
deaf casualties of, 76, 93-94, 158
deaf participation in, 88, 91-93, 91,255n8
devastation of, 86, 90, 95, 104-9
evacuation, 92-94, 109
legacy of, 12, 86, 90, 147, 149,191, 211
Yeltsin, Boris, 228-30
young deaf people
anxiety among, 190, 216- 20
detachment from VOG, 211-12, 215
individualism of, 221
as leaders of VOG, 226
rising expectations of, 143, 146, 203, 216,
218
Zaitseva, Galina, 23 5
Zhenotdel, 54
Zhizn glukhikh (magazine), 1, 132-35,
139-40, 163, 174, 206,210
Zhizn glukhonemykh (magazine), 21,47, 52,
57, 79, 85-86
Zhuromskii, E. E., 28, 31, 50-51
Znamenskii, Aleksei, 236
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Shaw, Claire L. |
| author_facet | Shaw, Claire L. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Shaw, Claire L. |
| author_variant | c l s cl cls |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044526943 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HV2783 |
| callnumber-raw | HV2783 |
| callnumber-search | HV2783 |
| callnumber-sort | HV 42783 |
| callnumber-subject | HV - Social Pathology, Criminology |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1004400557 (DE-599)BVBBV044526943 |
| dewey-full | 305.9/08209470904 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
| dewey-raw | 305.9/08209470904 |
| dewey-search | 305.9/08209470904 |
| dewey-sort | 3305.9 108209470904 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV044526943 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:55:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781501713668 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017006013 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029926318 |
| oclc_num | 1004400557 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xvi, 292 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Cornell University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Shaw, Claire L. aut Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 Claire L. Shaw Ithaca Cornell University Press 2017 xvi, 292 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Deaf culture Soviet Union History Deaf Soviet Union Social conditions Marginality, Social Soviet Union History Identity (Psychology) Soviet Union History Group identity Soviet Union History Gehörloser Mensch (DE-588)4135012-1 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Gehörloser Mensch (DE-588)4135012-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926318&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926318&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926318&sequence=000004&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Shaw, Claire L. Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 Geschichte Deaf culture Soviet Union History Deaf Soviet Union Social conditions Marginality, Social Soviet Union History Identity (Psychology) Soviet Union History Group identity Soviet Union History Gehörloser Mensch (DE-588)4135012-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135012-1 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 |
| title_auth | Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 |
| title_exact_search | Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 |
| title_full | Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 Claire L. Shaw |
| title_fullStr | Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 Claire L. Shaw |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deaf in the USSR marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 Claire L. Shaw |
| title_short | Deaf in the USSR |
| title_sort | deaf in the ussr marginality community and soviet identity 1917 1991 |
| title_sub | marginality, community, and Soviet identity, 1917-1991 |
| topic | Geschichte Deaf culture Soviet Union History Deaf Soviet Union Social conditions Marginality, Social Soviet Union History Identity (Psychology) Soviet Union History Group identity Soviet Union History Gehörloser Mensch (DE-588)4135012-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Deaf culture Soviet Union History Deaf Soviet Union Social conditions Marginality, Social Soviet Union History Identity (Psychology) Soviet Union History Group identity Soviet Union History Gehörloser Mensch Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926318&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926318&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926318&sequence=000004&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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