Revolutionaries of the cosmos: the astro-physicists
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | First published in paperback |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780199550258 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177818709393408 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1 Introduction: Talent and opportunity 1
1.1 The astro-physicists 1
1.2 Setting the scene 3
1.3 The talented individual 4
1.4 Motivation 5
1.5 The need for support 6
1.6 Lifetimes in science 6
References 7
2 Galileo: Seeing and believing 8
2.1 Early years 9
2.2 Studies in Pisa 9
2.3 Florence and Siena 11
2.4 Professor at Pisa 1589—1592 11
2.5 Padua 1592-1610 12
2.6 The telescope 15
2.7 The nature of the moon 16
2.8 Return to Florence 17
2.9 Mature scientist 19
2.10 Sunspots 21
2.11 Beginnings of clerical opposition 23
2.12 Science and scripture 24
2.13 Towards the Ptolemaic^Copernican ‘Dialogue’ 25
2.14 Publication 29
2.15 Private life 30
2.16 Trial—A ‘vehement suspicion of heresy’ 31
2.17 Aftermath of the trial 33
2.18 Discourses: ‘Two New Sciences’ 34
2.19 Last years 35
References 38
3 Isaac Newton: Rationalising the universe 40
3.1 Trinity College, Cambridge 43
3.2 Intellectual awakening 44
3.3 Discoveries during the plague years 46
3.4 Beginnings of recognition 48
3.5 Lucasian Professor 49
3.6 The first reflecting telescope 50
3.7 ‘The oddest, if not the most considerable, detection’ 52
3.8 Leibniz and the early papers of Newton 55
ix
X
CONTENTS
3.9 Newton as heretic 56
3.10 Principia 58
3.11 Fame 61
3.12 University politician 62
3.13 Change of character 62
3.14 Fatio 63
3.15 Nervous breakdown 64
3.16 Opticks 65
3.17 Warden of the Mint 66
3.18 President of the Royal Society 67
3.19 Relations with Flamsteed 69
3.20 Knighthood 70
3.21 Dispute with Leibniz 71
3.22 Old age 72
References 75
4 William Herschel: Surveying the heavens 76
4.1 The Herschel family 76
4.2 Hanover years 77
4.3 Wandering musician 78
4.4 Life in Bath 80
4.5 Crazy about telescopes 82
4.6 Recognition as an astronomer 85
4.7 Sweeping the sky 86
4.8 Discovery of Uranus 89
4.9 King George III 92
4.10 Motion of the Sun 94
4.11 Construction of the Heavens 95
4.12 Minor discoveries 96
4.13 Datchet, Windsor and the 40-ft telescope 97
4.14 Telescope business 99
4.15 Marriage Ю2
4.16 Social life 194
4.17 Later discoveries and interests 198
4.18 Doubtful speculations 199
4.19 Asteroids and the Celestial Police 119
4.20 John Frederick William Herschel 119
4.21 Last years of Caroline 116
References 114
5 William Huggins: Celestial chemical analysis H?
5.1 Early years 116
5.2 Shopkeeper 119
5.3 Independence 129
5.4 ‘A spring of water in a dry and thirsty land’ 121
CONTENTS xi
5.5 The ‘Riddle of the Nebulae’ 128
5.6 Nova T CrB 130
5.7 Comets 131
5.8 Frustrating interlude 131
5.9 Radial motion of the stars 132
5.10 New facilities 133
5.11 Witness at a seance and other activities 137
5.12 An able and enthusiastic assistant 138
5.13 A Victorian household 139
5.14 Advent of photographic spectra 141
5.15 Further spectroscopic forays 143
5.16 The mystery of ‘Nebulium’ 143
5.17 Eminent Victorian 144
5.18 Margaret Huggins and education 146
5.19 A place of pilgrimage 149
5.20 Last years of William ... 150
5.21 ... and of Margaret 151
References 153
George Ellery Hale: Providing the tools 156
6.1 MIT student 159
6.2 Meeting with Rowland 160
6.3 Invention of the spectroheliograph 161
6.4 Marriage and honeymoon 163
6.5 The Kenwood Observatory 163
6.6 Discoveries at Kenwood 165
6.7 University of Chicago 167
6.8 Yerkes—the largest refracting telescope ever made 167
6.9 The Astrophysical Journal 169
6.10 Yerkes Observatory completed 169
6.11 The 60-in. mirror 171
6.12 First attempt on Carnegie 172
6.13 Early days on Mount Wilson 173
6.14 Success with Carnegie 175
6.15 The Snow Telescope 176
6.16 The solar towers 178
6.17 The 60-in. reflector 179
6.18 Hale and the development of Caltech 179
6.19 The 100-in. Hooker telescope 181
6.20 Mental illness 182
6.21 Life and work on Mount Wilson 185
6.22 World War 187
6.23 Completion of the 100-in. 188
6.24 The years as a recluse 190
191
194
194
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
204
205
206
209
210
213
215
216
218
219
221
223
224
227
229
231
232
233
235
237
239
241
243
243
244
245
246
247
248
250
253
255
257
CONTENTS
6.25 The Hale Solar Observatory
6.26 Continued public service
6.27 The 200-in. Palomar reflector
6.28 Slow decline
References
Arthur Eddington: Inside the stars
7.1 Trinity College, Cambridge
7.2 Royal Greenwich Observatory; Kapteyn’s ‘Star Drifts’
7.3 Professor at Cambridge
7.4 ‘Stellar Movements and the Structure of the Universe’
7.5 The Hertzsprung—Russell diagram
7.6 Eddington’s ‘physical intuition’
7.7 Prophet of relativity
7.8 Conscientious objector
7.9 The solar eclipse of 1919
7.10 Aftermath of the eclipse
7.11 Influence on Lemaître
7.12 The internal constitution of the stars
7.13 The mass-luminosity relation
7.14 Recreations
7.15 Sureness or cocksureness?
7.16 The Expanding Universe
7.17 The strange case of Chandrasekhar and Sirius B
7.18 Eddington’s wilder speculations
7.19 Recollections of Eddington’s students
7.20 Frustrations
7.21 Final year, illness, and death
References
Harlow Shapley: Defining our galaxy
8.1 University of Missouri
8.2 Princeton and Henry Norris Russell
8.3 ‘Standard candles’ and the distances of the stars
8.4 First visit to Harvard
8.5 On to Mount Wilson
8.6 The Cepheid and RR Lyrae standard candles
8.7 The distances of the globular clusters
8.8 The centre of the Milky Way
8.9 A near miss
8.10 The ‘Great Debate’
8.11 Director of Harvard College Observatory
8.12 The Harvard Graduate School
8.13 ‘Shapley’s Universe’
8.14 Exploring the southern sky
CONTENTS xiii
8.15 The distribution of galaxies in space 257
8.16 Diversions from astronomy 259
8.17 The Sculptor and Fornax dwarf galaxies 259
8.18 The sociable Director 260
8.19 Other activities 261
8.20 International affairs 261
8.21 Losing the initiative 262
8.22 Post-war social concerns 264
8.23 The Communist in the State Department’ 264
8.24 Retirement 265
References 266
9 Edwin Hubble: Journeying to the edge 268
9.1 Birth and early years 268
9.2 University of Chicago 270
9.3 Rhodes Scholar 271
9.4 Back to the United States 273
9.5 Graduate student at Yerkes 273
9.6 Major Hubble 275
9.7 Mount Wilson 276
9.8 The distances of the galaxies 279
9.9 Marriage 280
9.10 The Tuning Fork’ diagram 282
9.11 The Hubbles at home 284
9.12 The recession of the nebulae 285
9.13 Distance indicators 289
9.14 Inner doubts 290
9.15 The Hubble and van Maanen problem 290
9.16 Celebrity status 291
9.17 Counting the galaxies 292
9.18 The Realm of the Nebulae’ 292
9.19 Second World War 294
9.20 The post-war period 295
9.21 Last years 297
References 300
Index 302
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| spelling | Glass, Ian S. 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1047479621 aut Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists I.S. Glass First published in paperback Oxford Oxford University Press 2009 xiii, 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Astrofysica gtt Natuurkundigen gtt Sterrenkundigen gtt Astrophysicists Biography Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd rswk-swf Naturwissenschaftler (DE-588)4041423-1 gnd rswk-swf Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Biographie gnd rswk-swf Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 s Geschichte z DE-604 Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 s Naturwissenschaftler (DE-588)4041423-1 s Biographie f Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029881029&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Glass, Ian S. 1939- Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists Astrofysica gtt Natuurkundigen gtt Sterrenkundigen gtt Astrophysicists Biography Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Naturwissenschaftler (DE-588)4041423-1 gnd Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003311-9 (DE-588)4041423-1 (DE-588)4003326-0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists |
| title_auth | Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists |
| title_exact_search | Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists |
| title_full | Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists I.S. Glass |
| title_fullStr | Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists I.S. Glass |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro-physicists I.S. Glass |
| title_short | Revolutionaries of the cosmos |
| title_sort | revolutionaries of the cosmos the astro physicists |
| title_sub | the astro-physicists |
| topic | Astrofysica gtt Natuurkundigen gtt Sterrenkundigen gtt Astrophysicists Biography Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Naturwissenschaftler (DE-588)4041423-1 gnd Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astrofysica Natuurkundigen Sterrenkundigen Astrophysicists Biography Astronomie Naturwissenschaftler Astrophysik Biografie Biographie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029881029&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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