Geocryology: characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, Fla
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
[2018]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | xliii, 765 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9781138054165 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geocryology |b characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms |c Stuart A. Harris (Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada), Anatoli Brouchkov (Geocryology Department, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), Cheng Guodong (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla |b CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |c [2018] | |
| 300 | |a xliii, 765 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Table of contents
Preface xv
About the authors xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Dedication xxi
List of figures xxiii
List of tables xxxix
List of symbols xli
Part I Introduction and characteristics of permafrost I
I Definition and description 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Additional terms originating in Russia 7
1.3 History of permafrost research 8
1.4 Measurement of ground temperature 9
1.5 Conduction, convection and advection 9
1.6 Thermal regimes in regions based on heat conduction 10
1.7 Continentality index 15
1.8 Moisture movement in the active layer during freezing and thawing 16
1.9 Moisture conditions in permafrost ground 18
1.10 Results of freezing moisture 20
1.11 Strength of ice 22
1.12 Cryosols, gelisols, and leptosols 22
1.13 Fragipans 22
1.14 Salinity in permafrost regions 24
1.15 Organic matter 28
1.16 Micro-organisms in permafrost 3 0
1.16.1 Antarctic permafrost 31
1.16.2 High-latitude permafrost 31
1.16.3 High altitude permafrost in China 32
1.16.4 Phenotypic traits 32
1.16.5 Relation to climate change on the Tibetan plateau 34
1.17 Gas and gas hydrates 35
vi Table of contents
1.18 Thermokarst areas 3 7
1.19 Offshore permafrost 3 8
2 Cryogenic processes where temperatures dip below 0°C 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 The nature of ice and water 43
2.3 Effects of oil pollution on freezing 50
2.4 Freezing and thawing of the active layer in permafrost in
equilibrium with a stable climate 51
2.5 Relation of clay mineralogy to the average position of the
permafrost table 53
2.6 Ground temperature envelopes in profiles affected by changes in
mean annual ground surface temperature (MASGT) 54
2.7 Needle ice 58
2.8 Frost heaving 59
2.9 Densification and thaw settlement 60
2.10 Cryostratigraphy, cryostructures, cryotextures and cryofacies 60
2.11 Ground cracking 61
2.12 Dilation cracking 63
2.13 Frost susceptibility 64
2.14 Cryoturbation, gravity processes and injection structures 65
2.14.1 Cryoturbation 65
2.14.2 Upward injection of sediments from below 69
2.14.3 Load-casting 69
2.15 Upheaving of objects 71
2.16 Upturning of objects 72
2.17 Sorting 73
2.18 Weathering and frost comminution 74
2.19 Karst in areas with permafrost 78
2.20 Seawater density and salinity 80
3 Factors affecting permafrost distribution 85
3.1 Introduction 85
3.2 Climatic factors 85
3.2.1 Heat balance on the surface of the Earth and its effect on
the climate 85
3.2.2 Relationship between air and ground temperatures 91
3.2.3 Thermal offset 93
3.2.4 Relation to air masses 96
3.2.5 Precipitation 99
3.2.6 Latitude and longitude 103
3.2.7 Topography and altitude 105
3.2.8 Cold air drainage 107
3.2.9 Buffering of temperatures against change in
mountain ranges 108
3.3 Terrain factors 109
3.3.1 Vegetation 109
Table of contents vii
3.3.2 Hydrology 111
3.3.3 Lakes and water bodies 115
3.3.4 Nature of the soil and rock 117
3.3.5 Fire 118
3.3.6 Glaciers 119
3.3.7 The effects of Man 122
4 Permafrost distribution 123
4.1 Introduction 123
4.2 Zonation of permafrost 126
4.3 Permafrost mapping 127
4.4 Examples of mapping units used 129
4.5 Modeling permafrost distribution 130
4.6 Advances in geophysical methods 131
4.7 Causes of variability reducing the reliability of small-scale maps 131
4.8 Maps of permafrost-related properties based on field observations 135
4.8.1 Permafrost thickness 135
4.8.2 Maps of ice content 135
4.8.3 Water resources locked up in perennially frozen ground 136
4.8.4 Total carbon content 139
4.9 Use of remote sensing and airborne platforms in monitoring
environmental conditions and disturbances 140
4.10 Sensitivity to climate change: Hazard zonation 140
4.11 Classification of permafrost stability based on mean annual ground
temperature 142
Partii Permafrost iandforms 145
II. 1 Introduction 145
5 Frost cracking, ice-wedges, sand, loess and rock tessellons 149
5.1 Introduction 149
5.2 Primary and secondary wedges 153
5.2.1 Primary wedges 153
5.2.1.1 Ice-wedges 153
5.2.1.2 Sand tessellons 167
5.2.1.3 Loess tessellons 170
5.2.1.4 Rock tessellons 170
5.2.2 Secondary wedges 170
5.2.2.1 Ice-wedge casts 171
5.2.2.2 Soil wedges 173
6 Massive ground ice in lowlands 179
6.1 Introduction 179
6.2 Distribution of massive icy beds in surface sediments 181
6.3 Sources of the sediments 182
6.4 Deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet 183
6.5 Methods used to determine the origin of the massive icy beds 186
viii Table of contents
6.6 Massive icy beds interpreted as being formed by cryosuction 186
6.7 Massive icy beds that may represent stagnant glacial ice 187
6.8 Other origins of massive icy beds 189
6.9 Ice complexes including yedoma deposits 189
6.10 Conditions for growth of thick ice-wedges 190
6.11 The mechanical condition of the growth of ice-wedges and its
connection to the properties of the surrounding sediments 192
6.12 Buoyancy of ice-wedges 193
6.13 Summary of the ideas explaining yedoma evolution 195
6.14 Aufeis 195
6.15 Perennial ice caves 198
6.16 Types of ice found in perennial ice caves 200
6.17 Processes involved in the formation of perennial ice caves 202
6.18 Cycles of perennial cave evolution 204
6.18.1 Perennial ice caves in deep hollows 204
6.18.2 Sloping caves with two entrances 205
6.18.3 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance but air
entering through cracks and joints in the bedrock walls 206
6.18.4 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance and no
other sources of cooling 206
6.19 Ice caves in subtropical climates 207
6.20 Massive blocks of ice in bedrock or soil 210
7 Permafrost mounds 213
7.1 Introduction 213
7.2 Mounds over 2.5 m diameter 214
7.2.1 Mounds formed predominantly of injection ice 215
7.2.1.1 Pingo mounds 215
7.2.1.2 Hydrostatic or closed system pingos 216
7.2.1.3 Hydraulic or open system pingos 218
7.2.1.4 Pingo plateaus 222
7.2.1.5 Seasonal frost mounds 225
7.2.1.6 Icing blisters 226
7.2.1.7 Perennial mounds of uncertain origin 228
7.2.1.8 Similar mounds that can be confused with
injection phenomena 228
7.2.2 Mounds formed dominantly by cryosuction 229
7.2.2.1 Paisas 230
7.2.2.1.1 Paisas in maritime climates 231
7.2.2.1.2 Paisas in cold, continental climates 234
7.2.2.1.3 Lithalsas 239
7.2.2.1.4 Palsa/Lithalsa look-alikes 243
7.2.3 Mounds formed by the accumulation of ice in the thawing
fringe: Peat plateaus 244
7.3 Cryogenic mounds less than 2.5 m in diameter 249
7.3.1 Oscillating hummocks 252
Table of contents be
7.3.2 Thufurs 256
7.3.3 Silt-cycling hummocks 260
7.3.4 Niveo-aeolian hummocks 261
7.3.5 Similar-looking mounds of uncertain origin 263
7.3.6 String bogs 264
7.3.7 Pounus 265
8 Mass wasting of fine-grained materials in cold climates 267
8.1 Introduction 267
8.2 Classification of mass wasting 267
8.3 Slow flows 269
8.3.1 Cryogenic creep 269
8.3.1.1 Needle ice creep 270
8.3.1.2 Frost heave and frost creep 272
8.3.1.3 Gelifluction 274
8.3.1.4 Other creep-type contributions to downslope
movement of soil 276
8.3.2 Landforms produced by cryogenic slow flows
in humid areas 279
8.3.3 Landforms developed by cryogenic flows in
more arid regions 284
8.4 Cryogenic fast flows 287
8.4.1 Cryogenic debris flows 287
8.4.2 Cryogenic slides and slumps 296
8.4.3 Cryogenic composite slope failures 297
8.4.3.1 Active-layer detachment slides 298
8.4.3.2 Retrogressive thaw failures 300
8.4.3.3 Snow avalanches and slushflows 304
8.4.3.3.1 Snow avalanches 306
8.4.3.3.2 Slush avalanches 310
8.5 Relative effect in moving debris downslope in the mountains 313
9 Landforms consisting of blocky materials in cold climates 315
9.1 Introduction 315
9.2 Source of the blocks 315
9.3 Influence of rock type 317
9.4 Weathering products 318
9.5 Biogenic weathering 319
9.6 Fate of the soluble salts produced by chemical and
biogenic weathering 320
9.7 Rate of cliff retreat 321
9.8 Landforms resulting from the accumulation of predominantly
blocky materials in cryogenic climates 322
9.8.1 Cryogenic block fields 322
9.8.1.1 Measurement of rates of release of
blocks on slopes
326
x Table of contents
9.8.2 Cryogenic block slopes and fans 326
9.8.3 Classification of cryogenic talus slopes 329
9.8.3.1 Coarse blocky talus slopes 331
9.8.4 Protection of infrastructure from falling rock 332
9.9 Talus containing significant amounts of finer material 333
9.9.1 Rock glaciers 334
9.9.1.1 Sedimentary composition and structure of
active rock glaciers 337
9.9.1.2 Origin of the ice in active rock glaciers 338
9.9.1.3 Relationship to vegetation 339
9.9.2 Movement of active rock glaciers 340
9.9.2.1 Horizontal movement 340
9.9.2.2 Movement of the front 341
9.9.3 Distribution of active rock glaciers 345
9.9.4 Inactive and fossil rock glaciers 347
9.9.5 Streams flowing from under rock glaciers 348
9.10 Cryogenic block streams 349
9.10.1 Characteristics 351
9.10.2 Classification 354
9.10.2.1 Siberian active dynamic block
streams ֊֊֊ kurums 355
9.10.2.2 The Tibetan type of active dynamic
block streams 357
9.10.2.3 Active cryogenic lag block streams 359
9.10.2.4 Inactive, relict block streams 359
9.11 Surface appearance of bločky landforms 365
Cryogenic patterned ground 367
10.1 Introduction 367
10.2 Forms of cryogenic patterned ground 368
10.3 Factors affecting the development of cryogenic
patterned ground 369
10.4 Macroforms of cryogenic patterned ground 373
10.4.1 Cryogenic nonsorted circles 374
10.4.1.1 Cryogenic mudboils 375
10.4.1.1.1 Arctic mudboils 376
10.4.1.1.2 Subarctic mudboils 379
10.4.1.2 Xeric nonsorted circles 381
10.4.1.3 Nonsorted circles in maritime climates 384
10.4.1.4 Frost boils 385
10.4.1.5 Plug circles 386
10.5 Cryogenic sorted patterned ground 387
10.5.1 Cryogenic sorted circles 388
10.5.2 Cryogenic sorted polygons, and nets 391
10.5.2.1 Sorted stripes 391
10.5.2.2 Stone pits 392
Table of contents xi
10.6 Identification of active versus inactive forms of
macro-sorted patterns 393
10.7 Microforms of cryogenic patterned ground 394
II Thermokarst and thermal erosion 397
11.1 Introduction 397
11.2 Causes of thermokarst 400
11.3 Cavity development in permafrost 402
11.4 Effect of thermokarst on soil 403
11.5 Thermokarst landforms 405
11.5.1 Thermokarst pits 406
11.5.2 Thermokarst mounds 407
11.5.3 Pingo, paisa and lithalsa scars 409
11.5.4 Beaded streams 411
11.5.5 Thermokarst lakes 412
11.5.6 Oriented lakes 415
11.5.7 Alases 417
11.5.8 Cycle of alas formation 418
11.6 Thermokarst and thermal erosion along river banks 424
11.6.1 Ice jams 425
11.7 Thermal erosion and thermokarst processes along sea coasts 429
11.7.1 Effects of seasonal sea ice 430
11.7.2 Effects of geology 433
11.7.3 Topographic effects 433
11.7.4 Sea conditions 434
11.7.5 Deposition of sediments 435
11.8 Processes involved in the erosion of ice-rich arctic
coastal sediments 435
11.9 Importance of coastal erosion of sediments containing
permafrost 439
Part III Use of permafrost areas 441
III.1 Introduction 441
12 The mechanics of frozen soils 445
12.1 Introduction 445
12.2 Strains and stresses in the freezing and thawing of soils
resulting in frost heaving 445
12.3 Rheological processes 456
12.4 Frost susceptibility 460
13 Foundations in permafrost regions: building stability 465
13.1 Introduction 465
13.2 The effect of construction on permafrost stability 468
13.3 Choice of method of construction 470
13.4 Building materials 471
xii Table of contents
13.5 Timing of construction 472
13.6 Types of foundations 473
13.6.1 Pads 473
13.6.2 Slabs and rafts 474
13.6.3 Sills 475
13.6.4 Spread footings 476
13.6.5 Piles 477
13.6.6 Thermosiphons 482
13.6.7 Artificial refrigeration 489
13.6.8 Ventilation ducts 490
13.6.9 Angle of slope of the embankment sides 492
13.6.10 Snow removal 492
13.6.11 The diode effect: use of rocks 493
13.6.12 Shading 496
13.6.13 Insulation 497
13.6.14 Use of geotextiles and waterproof plastics 498
Roads, railways and airfields 501
14.1 Introduction 501
14.2 The problems 501
14.3 Types of roads 502
14.4 Experimental embankments 504
14.5 Winter roads 505
14.6 Environmental effects of winter roads 507
14.7 Embankment heights 508
14.8 Unpaved embankments 509
14.9 Main problems with embankment stability 518
14.10 Concrete versus ballast railway tracks 524
14.11 Paving of road and airfield runways 527
14.12 Use of white paint 529
14.13 Bridges 530
14.14 Icings 532
14.15 Cut slopes 538
14.16 Airfield construction 538
Oil and gas industry 543
15.1 Introduction 543
15.2 Oil and gas exploration 543
15.3 Drilling rigs 546
15.4 Production and keeper wells 547
15.5 Sump problems 549
15.6 Pipelines 550
15.6.1 Buried mode 551
15.6.2 Pipelines on piles 559
15.6,2,1 Design parameters 563
Table of contents xiii
15.6.2.2 Construction methods 564
15.6.2.3 Failures in the buried section 564
15.7 Monitoring 566
15.8 Compressor stations 566
15.9 Pipeline crossings 569
15.10 Effects of heat advection from producing wells 571
15.11 Gas hydrates in permafrost ice 571
16 Mining in permafrost areas 577
16.1 Introduction 577
16.2 Placer mining 577
16.3 Open cast/pit mining 580
16.3.1 Exploration 582
16.3.2 Extraction of the ore 582
16.4 Underground mining 587
16.4.1 Transport of the ore around the mine 589
16.4.2 Support facilities 590
16.5 Waste materials and tailings ponds 590
16.5.1 Toxic wastes 592
17 Provision of utilities 597
17.1 Introduction 597
17.2 Water supply 598
17.2.1 Sources of water 598
17.2.2 Dams to impound water on permafrost 600
17.2.3 Municipal water storage 602
17.2.4 Water treatment 602
17.2.5 Water requirements 603
17.2.6 Transportation methods for water and waste water 604
17.3 Waste disposal 607
17.3.1 Wastewater treatment and disposal 607
17.3.1.1 Undiluted wastes 608
17.3.1.2 Moderately diluted wastes 608
17.3.1.3 Conventional strength wastewater 609
17.3.1.4 Very dilute waste water 609
17.3.2 Solid waste disposal 610
17.4 Electric transmission lines 610
17.4.1 Foundation problems for transmission lines built
on permafrost 611
17.4.2 Transmission tower foundation types 614
18 Agriculture and forestry 617
18.1 Introduction 617
18.2 Zonation of natural vegetation across Siberia 621
18.3 Zonation of natural vegetation in North America 623
xiv Table of contents
18.4 Southern and Eastern Kazakhstan, Mongolia and the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 625
18.5 The Eichfeld zones 626
18.5.1 Eichfeld zone I 627
18.5.2 Eichfeld zone II 627
18.5.3 Eichfeld zone III 629
18.5.3.1 The northern Taiga 629
18.6 Asian steppe grasslands and deserts 630
18.7 The development of modern agriculture in permafrost areas 632
18.8 Forestry 633
18.9 Potential effects of climate changes 634
References 637
Subject index 755
This book provides a general survey of Geocryology, which is the study
of frozen ground called permafrost, Frozen ground is the product of cold
climates as well as a variety of environmental factors. Its major characteristic
is the accumulation of large quantities of ice which may exceed 90% by
volume. Soil water changing to ice results in ground heaving, white thawing
of this ice produces ground subsidence often accompanied by soil flowage.
Permafrost is very susceptible to changes in weather and climate as well as
to changes in the microenvironment. Cold weather produces contraction of
the ground, resulting in cracking of the soil as well as breakup of concrete,
rock, etc. Thus permafrost regions have unique landforms and processes not
found in warmer lands.
The book is divided into three parts. Part t provides an introduction to
the characteristics of permafrost. Four chapters deal with its definition and
characteristics, the unique processes operating there, the factors affecting it,
and its general distribution. Part 2 consists of seven chapters describing the
characteristic landforms unique to these areas and the processes involved
in their formation. Part 3 discusses the special problems encountered by
engineers in construction projects including settlements, roads and railways,
the oil and gas industry, mining, and the agricultural and forest industries.
The three authors represent three countries and three language groups,
and together have over 120 years of experience of working in permafrost
areas throughout the world. The book contains over 300 illustrations and
photographs, and includes an extensive bibliography in order to introduce
the interested reader to the large current literature.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Harris, Stuart A. 1931- Brouchkov, Anatoli 1957- Cheng, Guodong 1943- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1144370655 (DE-588)1144371635 (DE-588)171881672 |
| author_facet | Harris, Stuart A. 1931- Brouchkov, Anatoli 1957- Cheng, Guodong 1943- |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Harris, Stuart A. 1931- |
| author_variant | s a h sa sah a b ab g c gc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044458187 |
| classification_rvk | RB 10162 RB 10268 RB 10372 RY 20162 TI 4000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1011609245 (DE-599)GBV894372947 |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044458187 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:53:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138054165 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2017024668 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029858943 |
| oclc_num | 1011609245 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-29 DE-11 DE-824 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-29 DE-11 DE-824 DE-83 |
| physical | xliii, 765 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Harris, Stuart A. 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)1144370655 aut Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms Stuart A. Harris (Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada), Anatoli Brouchkov (Geocryology Department, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), Cheng Guodong (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China) Boca Raton, Fla CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group [2018] xliii, 765 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Frozen ground Dauerfrostboden (DE-588)4129794-5 gnd rswk-swf Frostboden (DE-588)4155496-6 gnd rswk-swf Periglazial (DE-588)4173765-9 gnd rswk-swf Frostboden (DE-588)4155496-6 s Dauerfrostboden (DE-588)4129794-5 s Periglazial (DE-588)4173765-9 s DE-604 Brouchkov, Anatoli 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)1144371635 aut Cheng, Guodong 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)171881672 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, eBook 978-1-315-16698-8 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029858943&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029858943&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Harris, Stuart A. 1931- Brouchkov, Anatoli 1957- Cheng, Guodong 1943- Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms Frozen ground Dauerfrostboden (DE-588)4129794-5 gnd Frostboden (DE-588)4155496-6 gnd Periglazial (DE-588)4173765-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129794-5 (DE-588)4155496-6 (DE-588)4173765-9 |
| title | Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms |
| title_auth | Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms |
| title_exact_search | Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms |
| title_full | Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms Stuart A. Harris (Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada), Anatoli Brouchkov (Geocryology Department, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), Cheng Guodong (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China) |
| title_fullStr | Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms Stuart A. Harris (Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada), Anatoli Brouchkov (Geocryology Department, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), Cheng Guodong (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms Stuart A. Harris (Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada), Anatoli Brouchkov (Geocryology Department, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), Cheng Guodong (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China) |
| title_short | Geocryology |
| title_sort | geocryology characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms |
| title_sub | characteristics and use of frozen ground and permafrost landforms |
| topic | Frozen ground Dauerfrostboden (DE-588)4129794-5 gnd Frostboden (DE-588)4155496-6 gnd Periglazial (DE-588)4173765-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Frozen ground Dauerfrostboden Frostboden Periglazial |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029858943&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029858943&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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