An introduction to organic lasers:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London, UK
ISTE Press
2017
Oxford, UK Elsevier 2017 |
| Series: | Advanced lasers set
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | xiv, 212 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781785481581 |
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Contents
Foreword. ix
Acknowledgements. xi
Introduction. xiii
Chapter 1. Organic Semiconductors. 1
1.1. Recap on organic chemistry. 1
1.2. Quantum model of the atom. 2
1.2.1. Electronic structure of atoms. 4
1.2.2. Molecular orbitals. 6
1.3. Sigma (a) and pi (7r) bonds. 10
1.4. Example of molecular orbitals for
simple molecules. 10
1.4.1. Example of the dihydrogen molecule. 10
1.4.2. The case of carbon. 11
1.4.3. Hybridization of the carbon atom. 12
1.4.4. The sp3 hybridization of carbon. 13
1.4.5. Sp2 hybridization of carbon. 14
1.4.6. The sp hybridization of carbon. 15
1.5. Energy diagram of different types of hybridization. 16
1.6. Conjugate molecules. 18
1.6.1. Ethylene. 19
1.6.2. Benzene . 20
1.7. Conjugate polymers. 21
1.8. Influence of conjugation length. 21
1.9. Electronic properties of organic materials. 23
vi An Introduction to Organic Lasers
1.10. Optical properties of organic semiconductors. 25
1.10.1. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. 25
1.10.2. Optical transitions in organic materials. 26
1.10.3. Energy transfer phenomena. 30
1.10.4. Forster mechanism. 31
1.10.5. Dexter mechanism. 33
1.11. Losses in organic materials. 34
1.11.1. Bi-molecular interaction losses. 34
1.11.2. Losses by polaron absorption. 34
1.11.3. Singlet-singlet (S-S) losses. 35
1.11.4. Triplet—triplet (T-T) annihilation. 35
1.11.5. Singlet—triplet (S-T). 36
1.11.6. Losses by inter-system crossing. 36
1.11.7. Polaron absorption losses. 37
1.12. Notions of photometry. 37
1.12.1. Light flow. 38
1.12.2. Luminous intensity. 40
1.12.3. Luminance . 41
1.12.4. Illumination. 42
1.12.5. Yields. 43
1.13. Concepts of colorimetry. 45
1.14. Conclusion. 47
Chapter 2. Organic Light-emitting Diodes. 49
2.1. Operation of an OLED. 50
2.2. Injection of charge carriers. 53
2.2.1. Meaning and advantage of aligning
the energy levels. 54
2.2.2. The different mechanisms of charge
injection at the electrodes. 55
2.2.3. Optimization of charge injection. 59
2.3. Charge transport. 62
2.3.1. Hole transport layer. 62
2.3.2. Electron transport layer. 68
2.4. Recombinations of charges and generation of excitons. 72
2.4.1. The ideal host material. 73
2.4.2. Electron-transporting host materials. 73
2.4.3. Hole-transport layer host materials. 74
2.5. Dopants (guests). 76
2.5.1. Dopants emitting in the red spectrum. 76
2.5.2. Green-emitting dopants. 79
2.5.3. Blue-emitting dopants. 79
Contents vii
2.6. OLED fabrication techniques. 82
2.6.1. Vacuum deposition. 83
2.6.2. Spin coating. 85
2.6.3. Inkjet printing deposition. 86
2.6.4. The technique of Roll-to-Roll deposition. 89
2.6.5. What is the best deposition method?. 89
2.7. Characterization of an OLED’s electroluminescence. 90
2.8. Current-voltage-luminance (J-V-L)
characterization of an OLED heterostructure. 90
2.9. Conclusion. 93
Chapter 3. Organic Lasers. 95
3.1. Principle behind lasers. 96
3.1.1. Transition mechanisms. 96
3.1.2. The laser cavity. 102
3.1.3. Pumping. 108
3.2. Laser effect in organic materials. 108
3.2.1. Optical gain in organic semiconductors. 109
3.2.2. Optical resonators. Ill
3.3. Theoretical model of an organic
semiconductor laser. 112
3.4. Optically pumped organic lasers. 115
3.4.1. The organic gain medium. 115
3.4.2. Different types of laser cavity. 117
3.5. A step toward the electrically
pumped organic laser. 121
3.5.1. State of the art. 121
3.5.2. A step toward the organic laser
diode (electrically pumped). 126
3.6. Conclusion. 130
Chapter 4. Organic Plasmonics:
Toward Organic Nanolasers. 131
4.1. Optical properties of metals. 132
4.1.1. Drude’s model. 133
4.1.2. Drude-Lorentz model. 134
4.1.3. Drude’s model with two critical points. 135
4.2. What is a plasmon?.*. 136
4.2.1. Volume plasmon. 136
4.2.2. Delocalized surface plasmon. 137
4.2.3. Localized surface plasmon. 138
viii An Introduction to Organic Lasers
4.3. Theoretical approach to the localized
surface plasmon (LSP). 139
4.3.1. Mie’s theory. 140
4.3.2. Dipolar model or quasi-static approximation. 140
4.3.3. Theories on effective dielectric functions. 142
4.3.4. Numerical study by FDTD
(Finite-Difference Time-Domain). 142
4.4. Parameters influencing the localized
surface plasmon. 143
4.4.1. Effect of size. 144
4.4.2. Effect of form. 144
4.4.3. Effect of composition. 145
4.4.4. Effect of environment. 145
4.5. Plasmonic materials and their properties. 146
4.6. Optical properties of an emitter in the
vicinity of a metallic NP. 149
4.6.1. Modification of absorption. 150
4.6.2. Modification of electroluminescence. 152
4.6.3. Modification of photoluminescence. 155
4.6.4. Amplification versus loss:
analysis and discussion. 157
4.7. Effect of LSP on the properties of
organic sources: state of the art. 158
4.7.1. Study of the effect of random metallic
nanoparticles (RMN) on the properties of OLEDs. 162
4.7.2. Study of the effect of periodic metallic
nanoparticles (PMNs) on the properties of OLEDs. 166
4.7.3. Study of a plasmonic OLED in a
vertical half-cavity. 173
4.8. A step toward an organic plasmonic laser?. 176
4.8.1. The spaser. 176
4.9. Conclusion. 181
Conclusion. 183
Appendix. 187
Bibliography. 195
Index
211
Waves
One of the biggest challenges of organic optoelectronics is the
realization of the first organic laser diode (electrically pumped)
which has a very strong potential for many applications.
Similar to what happened in the field of inorganic
optoelectronics when transforming LEDs into LDs, the race is on
to transform an OLED into an OLD. This involves the
development of innovative solutions to overcome the
difficulties inherent in organic materials and the electric pump.
This book presents the elements of physics, materials and
technologies that allow us to understand the basics of organic
lasers and to capture the progress made. It also provides
guidance for future developments towards the organic laser
diode.
Azzedine Boudrioua is Professor at the University of Paris 13 in
France. He leads the Organic Photonics and Nanostructures
team of the Laboratory of Laser Physics (LPL).
Mahmoud Chakaroun is a lecturer at the University of Paris 13
in France. He develops research activities in the fields of OLED
and organic laser sources.
Alexis Fischer is Professor at the University Paris 13 in France.
781785
481581
ELSEVIER www.iste.co.uk |
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| spelling | Boudrioua, Azzedine 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)1148335781 aut An introduction to organic lasers Azzedine Boudrioua, Mahmoud Chakaroun, Alexis Fischer London, UK ISTE Press 2017 Oxford, UK Elsevier 2017 xiv, 212 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advanced lasers set Lasertechnologie (DE-588)4166821-2 gnd rswk-swf Organischer Halbleiter (DE-588)4172780-0 gnd rswk-swf Polymerelektronik (DE-588)7735306-7 gnd rswk-swf Festkörperlaser (DE-588)4113552-0 gnd rswk-swf Lasers Organic electronics Festkörperlaser (DE-588)4113552-0 s Organischer Halbleiter (DE-588)4172780-0 s DE-604 Polymerelektronik (DE-588)7735306-7 s Lasertechnologie (DE-588)4166821-2 s Chakaroun, Mahmoud 1980- Verfasser (DE-588)1138375349 aut Fischer, Alexis 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)1148336745 aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029850562&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029850562&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Boudrioua, Azzedine 1968- Chakaroun, Mahmoud 1980- Fischer, Alexis 1969- An introduction to organic lasers Lasertechnologie (DE-588)4166821-2 gnd Organischer Halbleiter (DE-588)4172780-0 gnd Polymerelektronik (DE-588)7735306-7 gnd Festkörperlaser (DE-588)4113552-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4166821-2 (DE-588)4172780-0 (DE-588)7735306-7 (DE-588)4113552-0 |
| title | An introduction to organic lasers |
| title_auth | An introduction to organic lasers |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to organic lasers |
| title_full | An introduction to organic lasers Azzedine Boudrioua, Mahmoud Chakaroun, Alexis Fischer |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to organic lasers Azzedine Boudrioua, Mahmoud Chakaroun, Alexis Fischer |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to organic lasers Azzedine Boudrioua, Mahmoud Chakaroun, Alexis Fischer |
| title_short | An introduction to organic lasers |
| title_sort | an introduction to organic lasers |
| topic | Lasertechnologie (DE-588)4166821-2 gnd Organischer Halbleiter (DE-588)4172780-0 gnd Polymerelektronik (DE-588)7735306-7 gnd Festkörperlaser (DE-588)4113552-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lasertechnologie Organischer Halbleiter Polymerelektronik Festkörperlaser |
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