Holdings: The biology of arid soils

The biology of arid soils:

Soils have been called the most complex microbial ecosystems on Earth. A single gram of soil can harbor millions of microbial cells and thousands of species. However, certain soil environments, such as those experiencing dramatic change exposing new initial soils or that are limited in precipitation...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors:	Steven, Blaire (Editor)
Format:	Electronic eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter [2017]
Series:	Life in extreme environments volume 4
Subjects:	arid soils deserts Ecology initial soils Microbiology Ökologie Bodenbiologie Trockengebiet Aufsatzsammlung
Online Access:	DE-634 DE-1043 DE-1046 DE-858 DE-859 DE-860 DE-739 URL des Erstveröffentlichers Inhaltsverzeichnis
Summary:	Soils have been called the most complex microbial ecosystems on Earth. A single gram of soil can harbor millions of microbial cells and thousands of species. However, certain soil environments, such as those experiencing dramatic change exposing new initial soils or that are limited in precipitation, limit the number of species able to survive in these systems. In this respect, these environments offer unparalleled opportunities to uncover the factors that control the development and maintenance of complex microbial ecosystems. This book collects chapters that discuss the abiotic factors that structure arid and initial soil communities as well as the diversity and structure of the biological communities in these soils from viruses to plants
Item Description:	Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 24. Jul 2017)
Physical Description:	1 Online-Ressource (196 Seiten)
ISBN:	9783110419047
DOI:	10.1515/9783110419047

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adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE* V CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS * XI BLAIRE STEVEN 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO ARID SOILS AND THEIR BIOLOGY * 1 1.1 THE DEFINITION AND EXTENT OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS * 1 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ARID SOILS * 2 1.3 SOIL HABITATS IN ARID REGIONS * 2 1.3.1 REFUGIA SITES ASSOCIATED WITH ROCKS * 3 1.3.2 SHRUBS AS ISLANDS OF FERTILITY * 3 1.3.3 BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS * 5 1.4 THE PULSE RESERVE PARADIGM OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS * 6 1.5 RESPONSE OF ARID ECOSYSTEMS TO DISTURBANCE * 7 1.6 ARID ECOSYSTEMS AS A MODEL FOR SOIL BIOLOGY* 7 1.7 SUMMARY * 7 CARLOS GARCIA, J.L.MORENO, T. HERNANDEZ, AND F. BASTIDA 2 SOILS IN ARID AND SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS: THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC CARBON AND MICROBIAL POPULATIONS. FACING THE FUTURE * 15 2.1 INTRODUCTION * 15 2.2 CLIMATE REGULATION AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN ARID-SEMIARID ZONES * 16 2.3 LAND USE AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN ARID-SEMIARID ZONES * 17 2.4 SOIL RESTORATION IN ARID-SEMIARID ZONES: AMENDMENTS BASED ON EXOGENOUS ORGANIC MATTER * 18 2.5 MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN ARID-SEMIARID ZONES * 19 2.6 ORGANIC CARBON, MACRO AND MICROAGGREGATES, AND C SEQUESTRATION IN ARID-SEMIARID ZONES * 22 2.7 CONCLUSION * 23 GARY M. KING 3 WATER POTENTIAL AS A MASTER VARIABLE FOR ATMOSPHERE-SOIL TRACE GAS EXCHANGE IN ARID AND SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS * 31 3.1 INTRODUCTION * 31 3.2 WATER POTENTIAL AND WATER POTENTIAL ASSAYS * 32 3.3 LIMITS OF GROWTH AND METABOLIC ACTIVITY * 35 3.4 WATER POTENTIAL AND TRACE GAS EXCHANGES * 37 3.5 CONCLUSIONS * 41 THULANI P. MAKHALANYANE, STORME Z. DE SCALLY, AND DON A. COWAN 4 MICROBIOLOGY OF ANTARCTIC EDAPHIC AND LIT HIE HABITATS * 47 4.1 INTRODUCTION ----- 47 4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ANTARCTIC SOILS ----- 48 4.2.1 MCMURDO DRY VALLEY SOILS ----- 49 4.2.2 ANTARCTIC PENINSULA SOILS ----- 50 4.3 BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF SOILS IN THE MDVS AND ANTARCTIC PENINSULA ----- 51 4.4 CRYPTIC NICHES IN ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS ----- 54 4.4.1 HYPOLITHS -------- 55 4.4.2 EPILITHS -------- 56 4.4.3 ENDOLITHS -------- 57 4.5 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING IN ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS ----- 59 4.6 VIRUSES IN ANTARCTIC EDAPHIC ECOSYSTEMS ----- 59 4.7 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ------ 60 MATTHEW A. BOWKER, BURKHARD BUEDEL, FERNANDO T. MAESTRE, ANITA J. ANTONINKA, AND DAVID J. ELDRIDGE 5 BRYOPHYTE AND LICHEN DIVERSITY ON ARID SOILS: DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES * 73 5.1 OVERVIEW -------- 73 5.1.1 MOSS, LIVERWORT, AND LICHEN BIOLOGY ----- 73 5.2 GLOBAL DIVERSITY AND CHARACTERISTIC TAXA ----- 74 5.2.1 GLOBAL SPECIES POOL ----- 74 5.2.2 GLOBAL CHARACTERISTIC TAXA AND SS DIVERSITY ----- 75 5.3 DETERMINANTS OF MOSS, LIVERWORT, AND LICHEN DIVERSITY ON ARID SOILS ----- 78 5.3.1 GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY ----- 78 5.3.2 CLIMATIC GRADIENTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ------ 79 5.3.3 CALCICOLE-CALCIFUGE DICHOTOMY AND SOIL PH GRADIENTS ----- 80 5.3.4 THE SPECIAL CASE OF GYPSIFEROUS SOILS ----- 81 5.4 CONSEQUENCES OF MOSS, LIVERWORT, AND LICHEN DIVERSITY ON ARID SOILS ----- 82 5.4.1 CONTRIBUTION OF BIOCRUST LICHENS AND BRYOPHYTES TO ARID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ----- 82 5.4.2 BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING RELATIONSHIP ----- 83 5.4.3 EFFECTS OF SPECIES RICHNESS, TURNOVER, AND EVENNESS ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS ----- 84 5.4.4 MULTIFUNCTIONALITY ----- 87 5.4.5 FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY OR SINGULARITY? ------- 88 5.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ----- 89 ANDREA PORRAS-ALFARO, CEDRIC NDINGA MUNIANIA, PARIS S. HAMM, TERRY J. TORRES-CRUZ, AND CHERYL R. KUSKE 6 FUNGAL DIVERSITY, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL ROLES IN DESERT SOILS * 97 6.1 SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY OF FUNGAL COMMUNITIES IN ARID LANDS * 97 6.1.1 BIOCRUSTS ----- 100 6.1.2 PLANT ASSOCIATED FUNGI IN DESERTS * 103 6.2 ROLES IN NUTRIENT CYCLING AND EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FUNGAL COMMUNITIES * 107 6.3 EXTREMOPHILES IN DESERTS * 108 6.3.1 THERMOPHILIC AND THERMOTOLERANT FUNGI * 109 6.3.2 ROCK VARNISH AND MICROCOLONIAL FUNGI IN DESERTS * 109 6.4 HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN DESERT ECOSYSTEMS * 111 6.4.1 COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS AND C. POSADASII* 112 6.4.2 DEMATIACEOUS AND KERATINOLYTIC FUNGI IN DESERTS* 112 6.4.3 EUMYCETOMA ----- 113 6.4.4 MYCOTOXINS * 114 6.5 IMPORTANCE OF FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY IN ARID LANDS * 115 T.G. ALLAN GREEN 7 LIMITS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ARID ENVIRONMENTS * 123 7.1 INTRODUCTION ----- 123 7.2 PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, A BACKGROUND* 124 7.2.1 RATES, CHLOROPHYLL AND M ASS* 124 7.2.2 RESPONSE OF NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS (NP) TO LIGHT (PPFD, PMOLM~2 S_1) ----- 126 7.2.3 RESPONSE OF NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO TEMPERATURE * 127 7.2.4 RESPONSE OF NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO THALLUS WATER CONTENT (WC) * 127 7.2.5 RESPONSE OF NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO CO 2 CONCENTRATION * 129 7.3 OPTIMAL VERSUS REAL PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES * 129 7.4 LIMITS TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ARID AREAS ----- 131 7.4.1 LENGTH OF ACTIVE TIM E ------ 131 7.4.2 LIMITS WHEN ACTIVE - EXTERNAL LIMITATION THROUGH LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE * 132 7.4.3 LIMITS WHEN ACTIVE - INTERNAL LIMITATION THROUGH THALLUS HYDRATION ----- 132 7.4.4 CATASTROPHES * 133 7.5 FLEXIBILITY - AN OFTEN OVERLOOKED FACTOR * 134 7.6 SUMMARY * 134 BLAIRE STEVEN, THERESA A. MCHUGH, AND SASHA REED 8 THE RESPONSE OF ARID SOIL COMMUNITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE * 139 8.1 OVERVIEW ----- 139 8.2 BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO 2 * 140 8.3 BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO INCREASED TEMPERATURE * 142 8.4 BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION * 143 8.4.1 NATURAL PRECIPITATION GRADIENTS * 145 8.4.2 PRECIPITATION MANIPULATION STUDIES * 147 8.5 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE * 149 8.6 CONCLUSION ----- 150 DOREEN BABIN, MICHAEL HEMKEMEYER, GEERTJE J. PRONK, INGRID KOEGEL-KNABNER, CHRISTOPH C. TEBBE, AND KORNELIA SMALLA 9 ARTIFICIAL SOILS AS TOOLS FOR MICROBIAL ECOLOGY* 159 9.1 INTRODUCTION * 159 9.2 SOIL DEFINITION ----- 160 9.3 HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL SOIL EXPERIMENTS * 162 9.4 METHODS IN SOIL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AND SOIL SCIENCE * 164 9.5 INSIGHTS INTO MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES FROM ARTIFICIAL SOIL STUDIES * 166 9.5.1 ESTABLISHMENT AND STRUCTURING OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES * 166 9.5.2 FUNCTIONING OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES * 169 9.6 ARTIFICIAL SOILS FOR ARID SOIL RESEARCH * 174 9.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS * 175 INDEX* 181
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owner_facet	DE-859 DE-860 DE-634 DE-739 DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-858 DE-11
physical	1 Online-Ressource (196 Seiten)
psigel	ZDB-23-DGG ebook ZDB-23-DGG FAB_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAW_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FCO_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FKE_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FLA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UPA_PDA_DGG
publishDate	2017
publishDateSearch	2017
publishDateSort	2017
publisher	De Gruyter
record_format	marc
series	Life in extreme environments
series2	Life in extreme environments
spelling	The biology of arid soils Blaire Steven (ed.) Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter [2017] © 2017 1 Online-Ressource (196 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Life in extreme environments volume 4 Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 24. Jul 2017) Soils have been called the most complex microbial ecosystems on Earth. A single gram of soil can harbor millions of microbial cells and thousands of species. However, certain soil environments, such as those experiencing dramatic change exposing new initial soils or that are limited in precipitation, limit the number of species able to survive in these systems. In this respect, these environments offer unparalleled opportunities to uncover the factors that control the development and maintenance of complex microbial ecosystems. This book collects chapters that discuss the abiotic factors that structure arid and initial soil communities as well as the diversity and structure of the biological communities in these soils from viruses to plants In English arid soils deserts Ecology initial soils Microbiology Ökologie Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 gnd rswk-swf Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 s Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 s DE-604 Steven, Blaire edt Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 978-3-11-041998-6 Life in extreme environments volume 4 (DE-604)BV044647299 4 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110419047 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029837274&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	The biology of arid soils Life in extreme environments arid soils deserts Ecology initial soils Microbiology Ökologie Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 gnd Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4007358-0 (DE-588)4060958-3 (DE-588)4143413-4
title	The biology of arid soils
title_auth	The biology of arid soils
title_exact_search	The biology of arid soils
title_full	The biology of arid soils Blaire Steven (ed.)
title_fullStr	The biology of arid soils Blaire Steven (ed.)
title_full_unstemmed	The biology of arid soils Blaire Steven (ed.)
title_short	The biology of arid soils
title_sort	the biology of arid soils
topic	arid soils deserts Ecology initial soils Microbiology Ökologie Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 gnd Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 gnd
topic_facet	arid soils deserts Ecology initial soils Microbiology Ökologie Bodenbiologie Trockengebiet Aufsatzsammlung
url	https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110419047 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029837274&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV044647299
work_keys_str_mv	AT stevenblaire thebiologyofaridsoils

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