Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems: work and everyday life
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton
CRC Press
2017
|
| Edition: | First issued in paperback |
| Series: | Ergonomics and human factors
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xiv, 306 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781138073371 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Authors............................................*.............xiii
1. Introduction.................................................1
Acknowledgments..............................................6
References.............................................-.....7
2. A Few Basics.................................................9
Neurons: A Basic Unit of the Brain...........................9
Neurons Live in a Protected Fluid Environment...............10
The Brain Sustains a Homeostatic Balance....................12
Our Brains Are Continually Being Shaped.....................16
Many Functions May Be Localized to Specific
Regions of the Brain........................................19
Everyday Activities Involve Integrated Functions Dispersed
throughout the Brain........................................21
The Brain Is a Complex System, Yet Is Only One Component
in a Larger System of Systems...............................23
No Two Brains Work Exactly the Same.........................25
Our Best Measures Do Not Tell Us Exactly How the Brain Works.26
EEG.......................................................27
fMRI......................................................27
fNIR......................................................28
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)........................28
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)..............................29
Acknowledgments.............................................29
References..................................................30
3. Conscious Awareness.........................................33
Conscious versus Nonconscious Engagement....................34
Vulnerabilities That Arise due to the Limits of Our
Conscious Awareness.........................................36
Sense of Urgency..........................................37
Appeals to Logic..........................................40
Distraction versus Solitude...............................41
Simultaneous Messages.....................................42
Personal Relevance........................................43
Appeal to the Herd........................................45
How Do the Pros Do It?..................................46
Vlt
Vill
Contents
Timing of Brain Processes and Conscious Awareness...............48
Default Network: Mind Wandering.................................51
Verbal Rehearsal..............................................52
Threats to Self-Esteem........................................52
Physical Discomfort...........................................53
Boredom.......................................................53
Inattentional Blindness.........................................54
Implicit Operations of the Brain................................56
Implicit Memory...............................................56
Implicit Learning.............................................59
Implicit Perception...........................................61
Automaticity.................................................63
Unconscious Cognition........................................64
What Is the Downside of Unconscious Brain Processes?..........66
Unconscious Impact of Cognitive State on Decisions..............66
Acknowledgments.................................................67
References......................................................68
4. Perceptual Experience...........................................73
Our Minds Attend to a Small Slice of What Our Brains Sense.....74
Our Judgment Is Shaped by Unconscious Sensory Experiences.......75
Perception Is Multisensory......................................77
The Brain Responds More Strongly to Some Stimuli than Others...81
Vulnerabilities Arising from Our Perceptual Processes...........86
Perceptual Activities the Brain Does Well.......................91
Associations between Perceptual Form and the Actions
Afforded by an Object.........................................91
The Brain Orients toward Moving Stimuli.......................94
Certain Stimuli Have a Biological Significance................95
We Adjust to the Habitual and Become Sensitized
to the Provocative...........................................100
We Fill in the Pieces to See the Whole.......................103
Brains Naturally Categorize..................................105
How to Trick, Confuse, and Otherwise Baffle the Brain........107
Perception Is Not a Continuous Process.........................109
Perceptual Processes May Be Flexibly Adapted to Circumstances..Ill
The External World Is Replicated within the Brain..............113
Activity in the Brain Does Not Mean There Was a Conscious
Perceptual Experience..........................................114
Our Brains Are Specially Tuned to the Actions of Others........116
Our Sense of the World Is a Product of Our Social Environment..118
Acknowledgments................................................119
References.....................................................119
Contents ix
5. Strengths and Weaknesses....................................127
How to Cope with the Inherent Weaknesses of the Human Brain.129
Routines or Habits........................................130
Conventions...............................................131
Vocabulary................................................132
Symbols and Icons.........................................132
Retrace Steps.............................................132
Favor the Familiar........................................133
Infer Rules...............................................134
Chunking..................................................134
Designating to Our Strengths................................134
The Google Effect and the Symbiosis between Brain and
Technology..................................................140
Once a Task Has Become Automated, Conscious Control
Can Be Surprisingly Effortful...............................142
Are We Multitaskers or Merely Good Task Switchers?..........144
Brains Reflexively Respond to Exceptions....................149
As Pattern-Seeking Primates, the Default Condition Is to
Believe..............*......................................154
Acknowledgments.............................................159
References..................................................159
6. Error.......................................................161
Error from the Brain s Perspective..........................161
Organizational Approach to Human Error......................163
Confusion Regarding the Term Human Error....................164
Human Error as Judgment...................................165
Human Error as Cause......................................166
Human Error as Consequence................................167
Human Error as Action, Event, or Process..................167
Interactive Nature and Complexity of Human Error............168
Intention.................................................168
Cognitive and Neurophysiological Mechanisms...............169
Macrocognition..........................................172
Context...................................................173
Error Classifications.......................................178
Errors of Omission and Errors of Commission...............179
Slips (or Lapses) and Mistakes............................181
Skills, Rules, and Knowledge (SRK) Taxonomy...............184
Summary.....................................................184
Acknowledgments.............................................185
References..................................................185
7. Cognitive States............................................189
Pharmacological Enhancement: Caffeine.......................192
X
Contents
Pharmacological Enhancement: Nicotine...............................194
Cognitive Enhancement through Physical Exercise................197
Cognitive Enhancement through Meditation.......................202
Concluding Thoughts and Future Directions......................206
Acknowledgments................................................209
References.....................................................209
8. Expertise.....................................................219
Anders Ericsson and the Notion of Deliberative Practice........219
How Does Practice Change Brain Activity?....................222
What Makes an Expert Different?................................225
Patterns and the Subtle Reward Structure Inherent to an Activity.225
Enhanced Perceptual Discrimination..........................229
Self-Regulation.............................................229
Recovery from Errors........................................235
Mental Toughness, Motivation, and Self-Confidence...........237
Faster Reactions............................................241
The Myth of Talent.........*.....................................243
Acknowledgments................................................246
References................................................... 246
9. Teams and Groups..............................................253
Defining Groups................................................254
Social Psychology and Neuroscience.............................255
Cooperation and Altruism.......................................255
Group Intelligence.............................................257
Social Cognition, Metacognition, and Mentalization.............261
Neural Synchronization and Correlation During Group Processes.......265
Neuroeconomics......................................................268
Differential Response to Losses and Gains...................268
Brain Basis for Subjective Value............................269
Subjective Value, Now or Later..............................271
Unfairness................................................ 272
Unfairness toward Others....................................274
Charitable Giving versus Taxation...........................275
Trust and Cheating..........................................277
Acknowledgments.............................................. 280
References.....................................................280
10. Neurotechnology..............................................285
Neurotechnology to Augment, Train, Preserve, or Repair
Cognitive Skills...............................................285
Augmentation................................................285
Training....................................................286
Preservation and Repair.....................................287
Contents xi
Neurotechnology as a Tool to Design or Adapt
Human—Computer Interaction................................. 287
Neurotechnology as a New Modality through Which Systems
Are Controlled...............................................288
Neurophysiological Measurement...............................289
Strengths and Challenges..................................289
Desiderata for Design in Neurotechnology.....................290
Desideratum 1: What Is the Relationship between the
Neurophysiological Measures and the Psychological
Measurement of Interest?.................*................290
What Is the Assumed Mapping between the Measure
and the Function?.......................................290
What Is the Diagnosticity of the Measure?...............291
What Is the Sensitivity of the Cognitive Function
to the Measure?.........................................291
What Is the Reliability of the Inference?...............291
Desideratum 2: How Valid Are Inferences Concerning
Cognitive Function from the Neurophysiological Measures?..291
Validation through Laboratory Tasks.....................292
Validation through Subjective Measures..................292
Desideratum 3: How Are We Representing the User?..........292
What Is the Dimensionality of the Representation?.......292
What Is the Modality of the Representation?.............293
Future Directions............................................293
Neurogaming...............................................293
Multiplayer Neurogaming...................................293
Neurocognitive Approaches to Interactive Narratives.......294
Acknowledgments..............................................294
References...................................................294
Index
299
|
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| isbn | 9781138073371 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Forsythe, Chris Verfasser aut Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life Chris Forsythe, Huafei Liao, Stefan Trumbo, Rogelio E. Cardona-Rivera First issued in paperback Boca Raton CRC Press 2017 xiv, 306 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ergonomics and human factors Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd rswk-swf Kognitionswissenschaft (DE-588)4193780-6 gnd rswk-swf Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd rswk-swf Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 s Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 s Kognitionswissenschaft (DE-588)4193780-6 s DE-604 Liao, Huafei 1978- (DE-588)13901120X aut Trumbo, Michael C.S. aut Cardona-Rivera, Rogelio E. aut Äquivalent [Hardback-Ausgabe] [2014] 978-1-4665-7057-3 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029822091&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Forsythe, Chris Liao, Huafei 1978- Trumbo, Michael C.S Cardona-Rivera, Rogelio E. Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd Kognitionswissenschaft (DE-588)4193780-6 gnd Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135740-1 (DE-588)4193780-6 (DE-588)4073586-2 |
| title | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life |
| title_auth | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life |
| title_exact_search | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life |
| title_full | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life Chris Forsythe, Huafei Liao, Stefan Trumbo, Rogelio E. Cardona-Rivera |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life Chris Forsythe, Huafei Liao, Stefan Trumbo, Rogelio E. Cardona-Rivera |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life Chris Forsythe, Huafei Liao, Stefan Trumbo, Rogelio E. Cardona-Rivera |
| title_short | Cognitive Neuroscience of human systems |
| title_sort | cognitive neuroscience of human systems work and everyday life |
| title_sub | work and everyday life |
| topic | Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd Kognitionswissenschaft (DE-588)4193780-6 gnd Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neuropsychologie Kognitionswissenschaft Kognitive Psychologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029822091&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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