Ryszard Kilvington: nieskończoność i geometria
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Łódź
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
2016
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| Ausgabe: | Wydanie I |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Register // Sachregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 174 Seite Diagramme 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788380882713 8380882717 9788380882720 8380882725 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Bibliografie Seite 157-166. Indeksy | |
| 546 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Spis tresci
PRZEDMOWA..................................................................... 7
ROZDZIAL I. Struktura wielkosci ci^glych w filozofii przyrody Arystotelesa.. 11
ROZDZIAL II. Spor o nature wielkosci ci^glych i nieskonczonosci na Uniwersytecie
Oksfordzkim w pocz^tkach cztemastego wieku..................... 17
II. 1. Struktura swiata wediug Roberta Grosseteste’a..................... 19
II. 2. Nieskohczonosc a zagadnienie wiecznosci wszechswiata.............. 25
II. 3. Henryka z Harclay koncepcja nieskonczonosci i struktury wielkosci ci^glych 28
II. 4. Logika przeciw atomizmowi - Wilhelm z Alnwick i Wilhelm Ockham.... 38
II. 5. Geometria przeciw atomizmowi - Jan Duns Szkot..................... 51
ROZDZIAL III. Struktura i natura wielkosci ci^glych w kwestii Utrum continuum
sit divisibile in infinitum Ryszarda Kilvingtona............... 59
III. 1. Ryszard Kilvington i jego dziela - stan badan.................... 60
III. 2. Kwestia Utrum continuum sit divisibile in infinitum na tie pozostalych pism
Ryszarda Kilvingtona................................................ 63
III. 3. Struktura kwestii................................................. 67
III. 4. Wykorzystanie metod matematycznych w odniesieniu do problemu struk-
tury wielkosci ci^glych w kwestii Utrum continuum sit divisibile in
infinitum........................................................... 69
III. 4.1. Rachunek proporcji........................................ 69
III. 4.2. Punkty jako granice....................................... 75
III. 4.3. Wielkosci nieskohczenie male — angulus contingentiae..... 81
III. 4.4. Poj^cie ‘rownosci’ w geometrii i filozofii przyrody...... 86
III. 4.5. Wielkosci nieskohczenie duze - linea girativa............ 90
III. 4.6. „Totum est sua parte maius”.............................. 97
III. 4.7. „Totum est maius quam partes suae”........................ 99
III. 5. Zwi^zki matematyki z filozofii przyrody w kwestii Utrum continuum sit
divisibile in infinitum............................................ 102
III. 5.1. Nieadekwatnosc praw matematyki wobec scholastycznej filozofii
przyrody.................................................... 104
III. 5.2. Uzytecznosc matematyki dla filozofii przyrody............ 106
III. 6. Podsumowanie..................................................... Ill
ROZDZIAL IV. Rozwi^zania problemu struktury kontinuum wypracowane przez
autorów wspótczesnych Kilvingtonowi.......................... 115
IV. 1. Traktat De indivisibilibus Adama Wodehama......................... 115
IV. 2. Tractatus de continuo Tomasza Bradwardine’a........................ 120
IV. 3. Zwolennicy i oponenci koncepcji struktury kontinuum i nieskoñczonosci
Ry szarda Kilvingtona............................................... 128
IV. 3.1. Krytyka koncepcji nieskoñczonosci Ryszarda Kilvingtona w De
causa Dei Tomasza Bradwardine’a.............................. 128
IV. 3.2. Spadkobiercy pomysíów Ryszarda Kilvingtona................. 134
IV. 3.2a. „Geometria nieskoñczonosci” - linea girativa w kwestiach do
Sentencji Rogera Rosetha............................... 135
IV. 3.2b. Komentarz do Sentencji Grzegorza z Rimini................. 139
IV. 3.2c. Tractatus de infinito Jana Burydana....................... 142
Zakoñczenie.................................................................. 151
Bibliografía................................................................. 157
Indeks osób................................................................. 167
Indeks poj^c................................................................. 169
Summary..................................................................... 173
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INDEKS OSÖB
Strony zaznaczone kursyw^wskazujq. odwotania do przypisöw
Adelard z Bath 72
Albert z Saksonii 65, 65, 84, 148, 149
Aleksander z Afrodyzji 27
Al-Ghazali (Algazel) 57
Alnwick, Wilhelm z (Gullielmus de Aln-
wick) 38-41, 47, 113, 115, 116, 120
Anzelm z Canterbury, sw. 43
Archimedes 20, 68, 68, 154
Arystoteles 11-16, 11-14, 18, 21, 27, 22,
22, 25-27, 2£, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35-
37, 43, 44, 47, 52, 59, 61-63, 63, 65-
69, 74, 80, 84, 88-90, 90, 99, 110, 111,
120, 142, 143, 145, 146, 155
Augustyn, sw. 38, 106
Autrecourt, Mikolaj z 11, 145, 145, 152
Awerroes (Averroes, Ibn-Rushd) 18, 35,
68, 72, 72, 76, 87, 88, 91, 93, 106, 124
Bacon, Roger 21, 25, 28, 34, 34, 48, 51,
57,69, 103, 110, 121, 123, 127
Boczar, M. 22, 24
Boecjusz (Boetius A.M.S.) 74
Bonawentura, sw. (Bonaventura) 26-29,
26, 28
Bonet, Nicholas 127
Bradwardine, Tomasz 9, 31, 31, 37, 59,
59, 62, 63, 66, 70, 76, 99, 111-113,
120, 121-128, 121, 127, 128, 131-135,
134, 135, 138, 139, 139, 141-145, 151,
152
Buckingham Tomasz 127
Burley, Walter 139
Burydan, Jan (Johannes Buridanus) 84,
90, 142-149, 142, 143, 147-149, 151,
152
de Bury, Ryszard (biskup) 62
Campanus z Novary, patrz Johannes Cam-
panus z Novary
Cantor, Georg 99
Chatton, Waiter 37, 37, 47, 115, 120
Copleston, F. 21
Courtenay, W.J. 119, 139
Crombie, A.C. 19, 152
Davenport, A.A. 127
Demokryt 8, 12, 16, 69
Drake, S. 73
Duhem, P. 7, 60, 140, 142, 142, 145, 148,
148
Duns Szkot, Jan (Johannes Duns Scotus)
9, 35, 51-57, 51-53, 56, 57, 59, 69, 70,
75, 77, 86, 103, 107, 113, 121, 123,
151
Edward 111 (krol Anglii) 62
Einstein, Albert 153
Epikur 8
Euklides (Euclides) 8, 9, 18, 20, 23, 31,
37, 46, 51-53, 52, 53, 55, 68, 68, 70-
72, 71, 74, 75, 78, 81, 81, 86, 87, 97,
107, 107, 121, 123-125
Filoponus 27
Galileusz (Galileo Galilei) 7, 9, 99, 134,
153,155
Grosseteste, Robert 19-25, 19, 21-23, 28,
30, 32, 35, 36, 47, 57, 102, 103, 111,
151,152
Grzegorz z Rimini (Gregorius de Arimino)
65, 65, 139-145, 139-141, 145
Hallamaa, O. 136
Barclay, Henryk z (Henricus de Harclay)
9, 17-19, 77, 21, 23, 25, 28-40, 30,
47^19, 47, 54, 56, 57, 57, 115, 117,
118, 120
Henryk z Gandawy 105
Hesse, Benedykt 148, 149
Heytesbury, Wilhelm 62, 65, 84, 138, 139
168
ldzi Rzymianin 34, 37
Jan z Mirecourt 65, 65, 145
Jan z Tynemouth (Johannes de Tinemue)
68
Johannes Campanus z Novary 71, 12, 74,
81, 81, 82, 84, 125, 136
Johannes Marcilii Inguen 148
Jordanus Nemorarius 74
Jung (-Palczewska), E. 18, 61, 103, 112,
119
Kepler, Johannes 7
Kilvington, Ryszard 9, 12, 18, 37, 57, 59-
61, 61-63, 63-113, 65, 67, 68, 72, 76,
83, 85, 86, 98, 101-103, 105, 107, 110,
119-121, 119, 123-131, 127-129,
133-142, 134-136, 138, 139, 142, 143,
144-147, 146, 149, 151, 152, 152, 154
Komentator, patrz Awerroes
Kopemik, Mikolaj 7
Kretzmann, B.E. 60
Kretzmann, N. 60, 63, 64, 101
Leibniz, Georg Wilhelm 99, 113
Lesniewski, Stanislaw 99
Leucyp (Leukippos) 8, 12, 16, 69
Livesey, S.J. 21
Lohr, Ch. 60
Lombard, Piotr 26, 45, 52, 61-63, 66, 66,
126, 135, 136, 139, 145
Lukrecjusz (Titus Lucretius Cams) 27
Maier, A. 60
Maior, Jan (Johannes Maior) 115, 149, 149
Marsyliusz z Inghen 65, 148, 148
Michalski, K. 60, 127
Michalowska, M. 61
Mikolaj z Kuzy, (Nicolaus de Cusa) 90,
153-155
Molland, A.G. 152
Murawski, R. 8, 154
Murdoch, J.E. 8, 9, 17, 24, 27, 33, 38, 42,
57, 59, 62, 68, 72, 112, 120, 121, 123,
142
Neugebauer, O. 60
Newton, Izaak 1, M3, 113
Ockham, Wilhelm (Gullielmus de Ock-
ham) 9, 12, 16, 21, 41-51, 41-47, 51,
53, 57, 59, 61, 69, 70, 76, 86-89, 92,
97, 103, 104, 110, 115, 115, 118-120,
122, 128, 139-142, 144, 145
Oresme, Mikolaj (Nicole Oresme) 95,
112, 152
Piotr Jana Olivi 28
Platon (historyczny) 12, 99
Platon (postac w przykiadach) 64, 135
de Poorter, A. 60
Proklos (Proclus) 27
Roseth Roger 62, 65, 135-138, 136, 145
Russell, Bertrand 106
Siger z Brabancji 26, 26
Smith, K. 139
Sokrates (postac w przykiadach) 64, 100,
135
Stagiryta, patrz Arystoteles
Swineshead, Ryszard 65, 95, 112, 126,
152
Syila, E.D. 14,37, 40, 113, 115, 119, 120,
120, 138, 139, 148
Tempier Stefan (Etienne, biskup) 28
Thijssen, J.M.M.H. 29, 30, 142, 142, 148,
148
Tomasz z Akwinu, sw. 26, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30
Trapp, D. 60
Wilson, C. 60
Wodeham, Adam (de) 9, 62, 65, 113, US-
120, 115, 119, 135, 138, 139
Wood, RU 19
Zenon z Elei 14, 15, 80, 120
INDEKS POJ^C
Arytmetyka 75, 148
Atom 8, 13-14, 17, 19, 24, 27, 30-35, 37,
43^4, 49-50, 52, 57, 76, 80-81, 84,
102-103, 115, 118, 121, 123-125, 152,
154-155
Atomizm 8-9, 5,16-18, 27, 31, 33, 34,
37-39, 41—42, 47-48, 51-52, 54-55,
57,66, 69,87, 102, 115, 117-123, 120,
141, 143-144, 148, 151, 752, 154
Biegun sfery gwiazd stalych 143
Bóg 24, 31, 32, 39, 106, 116, 129, 133,
144, 154
Calculationes, patrz Rachunek proporcji
Calóse 14,32,33, 100, 144
Chwila 102-103, 115, 124, 152
Cialo 78, 80, 90, 109, 131-132, 143
Cinglóse 81, 86
Coincidentia oppositorum 154
Creatio ex nihilo 26, 26
Czas (jako kontinuum) 15, 103
Cz?sc 15-16, 33, 102, 103, 118-119, 140,
144; cz. proporcjonalna 43-45, 93-94,
97-98, 101-102, 106, 108-109, 128-
131, 129, 135-137, 144-147, 747; re-
lacja cz. calóse 45, 46, 53, 92, 97, 99-
101, 102, 129, 141-143, 144; wszyst-
kie cz. distributive 101, 141, 144;
wszystkie cz. collective 101, 141, 144
Definicja: klasyczna def. prawdy 109; ko-
herencyjna def. prawdy 110
Denar 133-134
Dowód ontologiczny 43
Dusza 131-132
Etyka 61, 111-112
Falsigraphus 128
Figura (geometryczna) 103
Filozofia przyrody 7, 11-12, 17-18, 20,
22, 25-26, 36, 47, 59, 60-61, 62, 63,
67, 72, 81, 103, 104-105, 107, 110-
111, 113, 113, 120-121, 123, 138,
147-148, 151-152, 752, 155
Filozofia scholastyczna 8, 90, 104
Fizyka 7, 99, 152, 753; „Nowa fizyka”
138
Geometría 9, 18, 20-21, 35, 38, 48, 51-
52, 55, 57, 57, 69, 72, 75-76, 90, 107,
109, 113, 120, 121, 123, 141, 143,
147-148, 151, 753
Granica 13, 44, 75, 93, 109, 752; g. we-
wn^trzna 94; g. zewn^trzna 94, 109,
124,147
Harmonika 120
indivisibile, patrz Atom
Insolubilia 98
Izomortlzm wielkosci ci^glych 14, 35
Katoptryka 20
K^t 54, 82, 103; k. ostry 85; k. prosto-
liniowy 82, 85, 125, 126, 736; k. prosty
53, 84, 85, 126; k. stycznosci (angulus
contingentiae) 81-86, 81, 102, 107,
124-126, 736
Kolumna, patrz Wal ec
Kolo 88, 88 „Kola Arystotelesa” 155
Konceptualizm 152
Kontinuum (wielkosc cingla) 9, 12-16, 72,
19, 22, 24, 31, 34-35, 36, 41, 43, 47,
52, 57, 59, 66-67, 69, 75, 78, 81, 86,
90, 93, 99, 101, 103-104, 107, 109,
113, 115, 118-120, 123, 125, 128, 137,
140-141, 144, 147, 153, 155
Korona 131, 134, 134
170
Kres, patrz Granica
Ksi^zyc 27, 30, 46, 133
Liczba 38, 47, 72, 137, 144; L naturalna
134
Linia 14, 23, 93, 103, 106, 115, 154, 154;
1. krzywa 89; 1. hikowa 82, 85, 125; 1.
prosta 20, 82, 89, 98, 125; 1. spiralna
(linea girativä) 90-97, 102, 107, 109,
135, 135, 136, 137, 142, 145-149, 147,
151
Logika 110, 115, 119-120, 123, 137-138,
140; 1. terministyczna 138
Laska (boska) 135
Matematyka 8, 18-19, 21-22, 25, 28, 33,
47, 51-52, 51, 54, 57, 59-60, 67-69,
68, 71, 81, 89-90, 100, 103-105, 108,
110, 112, 113, 120, 123, 137, 148, 153,
153
Materia 90, 105, 143
Mereologia 99
Metabasis 21,47
Metafizyka 67, 100, 148; „m. swiatla” 19
Miara 23-24
Minimum naturale 34, 36
Mistyka 25
Nauki posrednie (scientiae mediae) 21
Nicosc 13
Nieskonczonosc 12, 15, 23, 26, 29-30, 41,
57, 66, 85, 90, 90, 94-95, 95-96, 134,
138, 142, 149, 152-155, 154; n. aktu-
alna 16, 18, 22, 27, 29, 37, 43^17, 45,
57, 84, 85, 90, 92, 97, 99, 100, 104,
109, 115, 119, 127-129, 127-128, 131,
133, 136-137, 139-140, 143-144,
146-147; n. potencjalna 16, 16, 29, 44,
84, 125; n. kategorematyczna 84, 100-
101, 126, 137, 139-140, 142; n. ‘pod
pewnym wzgledern’ {infinitum secun-
dum quid) 98, 127-128, 127, 129, 140;
n. synkategorematyczna 84, 127, 137,
139-140, 143, 147; nieskonczonosc
‘pod wzgl^dem ilosci’ (infinitum di-
scretive) 92, 98, 129, 131-132; nie-
skonczonosc ‘pod wzgl^dem jakosci
(infmiíum qualitative) 98; nieskonczo-
nosc ‘pod wzgl^dem wymiarów’ (infi-
nitum quantitative) 92, 98, 106, 129; n.
‘po prostu’ (infmitum simpliciter) 98,
126-128, 127-129, 140; nieskonczone
mnogosci 8, 15, 22, 25, 27, 29, 37, 44,
47, 98, 109, 128, 129, 130-131, 133,
140, 143-144; nierówne nieskoñczono-
sci 23, 23, 25, 27, 27, 30, 30, 46-47;
nieskoñczony podziat kontinuum 13-
15, 36-37, 59, 67, 69, 81, 90-92, 97,
99, 104, 106-108, 118-119, 123, 129,
136, 137, 147, 155
Niewspólmiemosc (przek^tnej i boku
kwadratu) 33-34, 48, 51, 55, 57, 70,
73, 74, 75, 122, 141, 143
Odcinek 31-34, 38-40, 45, 48-50, 52-55,
57, 70, 72, 76-77, 98, 108, 116-117,
121, 124, 129-130, 129, 146-147, 147
Okr^g 77, 81, 82, 86-88, 143, 144, 154;
okr^gi wspólsrodkowe 49-53, 69, 122,
141, 144
Okreslenie proporcji (denominatió) 73-74
Oksfordzcy Kalkulatorzy 8, 9, 61, 138
Opór (jako warunek ruchu) 65, 72-73
Optyka 20, 20, 78
Palee 100
Papiez 132
Paradoks 14, 80, 89, 97, 98-99, 120, 130,
151,155
Petitio principii 123, 151
Plaszczyzna 12, 76-77, 76, 80, 107, 115
Powierzchnia, patrz Ptaszczyzna
Pótokr^g 87-88, 122, 141, 144
Pótkole 88, 88
Prawa geometrii a atomizm 35, 38, 148; p.
geometrii a prawa przyrody 35, 36,
104, 106, 148, 151,153
Pr^dkosc 72; p. chwilowa 63
Proporcja 31, 70-74, 107, 111; p. cingla
(continua proportio) 70, 70, 75; p. nie-
skoñczona 22, 30, 30, 80, 85^86, 125-
126, 126, 136, 139; p. podwojona
(proportio duplicata) 70, 71, 73-74; p.
podwójna (proportio dupla) 73, 75; p.
wymiema 55; potowa proporcji (me-
171
dietas proportionis) 71, 73—74; propor-
cja sify do oporu w ruchu 73
Pseudarium 83
Punkt 8, 13-14, 20, 22-25, 31, 33, 40-41,
48-57, 75-80, 94, 102, 109, 116, 118,
147, 752; punkty stykaj^ce si? bezpo-
srednio (immediate) 31-32, 38-39, 51,
55-56, 76-78, 116-117, 121; punkty
stykaj^ce si? posrednio (mediate) 24,
32, 55, 123
Rachunek proporcji 8-9, 110-113, 775,
151
Rachunek rozniczkowy 113
Rationes mathematicae 119, 148
Realizm (poj?ciowy) 152
Rewolucja naukowa 7
Rownania ruchu 7 7
Rownik niebieski (circulus aequinoctalis)
143
Rownosc 86-87, 105; r. per accidens 89;
r. per se 89; r. rozumiana ogolnie (com-
muniter) 90, 105; r. rozumiana scisle
(proprie) 90, 105
Rownolicznosc 99, 129, 133-134, 134,
151
Ruch 8, 63, 65-66, 72, 75, 89, 112; r.
jednostajnie przyspieszony 63; r. lo-
kalny 64, 111, 120; r. opozniony 65;
„nowa regula ruchu” 112
Secundum imaginationem 97, 104, 133,
136
Sfera 76
Sieczna okr?gu 84
Sila (dziataj^ca w ruchu) 65, 73
Slohce 27,30, 45-46, 133
Sofizmat 60, 63-65, 67, 85, 100, 101, 103,
135, 136, 138, 138, 151
Stosunek liczbowy 73, 110
Stozek cienia 78-80, 102, 109; s. powie-
trza 98, 107-108
Styczna do okr?gu 81, 83-84
Supozycja 64; s. okreslona (determinata)
40, 42, 116; s. personalna 40; s. zupel-
nie nieokreslona (confusa tantum) 40-
41, 116-117
Srednica 82, 122, 141
Swiatlo {lux, lumen) 20, 80; promienie
áwiatla 78
Teologia 36, 38, 111-112, 120, 120, 154
Termin kategorematyczny 64, 64, 85; t.
synkategorematyczny 64, 64, 85
Trójk^t 78, 154; t. równoboczny 35; t.
równoramienny 141, 154
Walec {corpus columnare) 91-96, 136—
137, 145-146, 148-149
W^z 149
Wiecznosc swiata 8, 77, 19, 25-26, 28-30,
28, 37, 37, 131, 133, 143; w. swiata a
parte ante 26, 27-29, 45; w. swiata a
parte post 28-29, 45
Wielkosc 41—43, 75; w. cingla, patrz Kon-
tinuum; w. niepodzielna, patrz Atom;
w. nieskohczenie mala 43; w. niewy-
miema 74
Wielok^t 154-155,154
Wszechwiedza boska 31-32, 36
Zasada ci^glosci 81-82
Zbiór nieskoñczony 43-44, 99, 106, 129-
134, 134, 141, 144, 151
Zdanie 101, 117; z. temporalne 64; z. wa-
runkowe 64
Zmiana 63, 65, 80
Summary
Fourteenth-century English thinkers forming the Oxford Calculators’ School
are recognized by historians of medieval science as responsible for introducing
mathematical tools of scientific analysis into Aristotelian philosophy of nature.
In fact, those thinkers employed in their works mainly the theory of ratios, de-
rived from the book V of Euclid’s „Elements”, in the context of description of
local motion. Eventually, Oxford Calculators reformulated Aristotle’s „rules of
motion” from the book VII of his „Physics”, giving them logical and mathe-
matical consistency. Also, they developed the so-called „mean speed theorem” -
the proper description of unifonnly accelerated (or decelerated) motion, em-
ployed later by Galileo in his physical deliberations.
However, in the works of Richard Kilvington and Thomas Bradwardine, the
founders of the Oxford Calculators’ School one finds also either explicit or im-
plicit references to other parts of Euclid’s treatise. Both these thinkers presented
geometrical arguments in the context of the debate on the existence of indivisi-
bles. The debate on indivisibles began after the then Chancellor of Oxford Uni-
versity, Henry of Harclay, postulated the existence of infinitely small atoms or
points that constitute every real thing. This postulate was a direct consequence
of his acceptance of the existence of actual and different infinities in the created
world. Henry of Harclay developed this theory of infinity taking part in the
other important medieval debate, namely the debate on the eternity of the world.
The special advantage of Harclay’s atomism was that his theory was deeply
rooted in a philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle’s and Robert Grosse-
teste’s opinions, while at the same time it contradicted some basic, commonly
accepted laws of logic and geometry (e.g. „A whole is greater than its parts”).
As many more, traditionally-minded, contemporary philosophers found it im-
possible to accept, Harclay and his followers immediately encountered many
critics. The first adversaries of Harclay: William of Alnwick, Adam Wodeham
and William Ockham employed the then-popular terminist logic in order to re-
fute the atomistic theory of nature. Yet, in his critiques, Ockham also used geo-
metrical proofs, borrowed in fact from John Duns Scotus. Scotus’s geometrical
proofs against indivisibilism are a perfect testimony to his „subtle” intellect as
they reveal deep knowledge and understanding of Euclid’s „Elements” as well
as a great imagination behind them.
All the geometrical proofs against atomism that appear in Thomas Brad-
wardine’s „Tractatus de continuo” can be seen as either repetitions or simplifi-
cations of John Duns Scotus’s arguments. Yet Richard Kilvington in his ques-
tion Utrum continuum sit divisibile in infinitum, from his commentary on Aris-
totle’s „On generation and corruption”, presented original and ingenious con-
structions. In fact, he did not strive to prove atomism false here. Instead, he
traced all the inconsistencies that emerge when adopting Euclidean geometry,
174
and mathematics in general, to Aristotelian natural philosophy. In Kilvington’s
question one finds, for example, the analysis of the angle of contingency (an-
gulus contingentiae), formed by the circumference of a circle and the line tan-
gent to it, that seems at the first sight to be smaller than any angle formed by
straight lines, and thus indivisible; and also to not meet the Euclidean law of
continuity. In the course of his analyses Kilvington observed also that some
commonly used terms — like equal’, have different meaning and consequences
from the point of view of a mathematician and of a natural philosopher. Eventu-
ally, he pointed out that physical phenomena cannot be adequately described
with mathematical tools and procedures, as in natural world there are to many
factors to be taken into consideration on one hand, and in geometry one can
carry out some procedures that are physically impossible, on the other. For ex-
ample, theroretically we can divide any thing into all its infinite parts, but physi-
cally it is obviously impossible. Therefore, concluded Richard Kilvington,
mathematics can be seen only as another, after logic, useful tool of theoretical
analyses within natural philosophy, but not its „language”.
Discussing his question Utrum continuum sit divisibile in infinitum Richard
Kilvington, as it seems, recognized the debate on the existence of indivisibles to
be already concluded. However, his acceptance of infinite divisibility of any
real, or imaginable, quantity led him to develop the theory of infinity that for his
contemporaries was probably as unorthodox and unacceptable, as Harclay’s
atomism. In short, Kilvington accepted the existence of actual infinities in the
created world, what seems to be the direct inheritance of William of Ockham
theories. Like Ockham, he took the number of proportional parts of any contin-
uum as an example of actual infinity. With regard to the problem that led Har-
clay to accept atomism, and the one never in fact resolved by Ockham, that is
the existence of different infinities, Kilvington developed a surprisingly ingen-
ious theory. Establishing one-to-one correspondence between the elements of
infinite sets he stated that all created actual infinities are equal „in multitude”
(discretive). This does not imply, however, that infinities are necessarily equal
„in magnitude” {quantitative) or „in quality” (qualitative). That means that two
created infinites can be at once equal and unequal, with respect to multitude of
their parts, and their dimensions, respectively.
Although Richard Kilvington managed, as it seems, to reconcile this way the
opposite points of view with respect to infinities, his solution remained almost
unnoticed by his contemporaries and followers. Apparently, the only thinker
aware of his theory was Thomas Bradwardine, who most probably is responsi-
ble for this situation. Being already the recognized and respected theologian, in
his monumental work ,,De causa Dei” Bradwardine ridiculed Kilvington’s the-
ory of infinities drawing the most paradoxical consequences from it. It is worth
noting here, however, that the modem theory of infinite sets, developed in the
end of nineteenth century by Georg Cantor, accepts similar consequences as its
exceptional features.
6ñyensche
Síaatsbíhiíothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Podkónski, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1046733524 |
| author_facet | Podkónski, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Podkónski, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | r p rp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044365017 |
| contents | Bibliografie Seite 157-166. Indeksy |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1005713356 (DE-599)BVBBV044365017 |
| edition | Wydanie I |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044365017 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:50:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788380882713 8380882717 9788380882720 8380882725 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029767564 |
| oclc_num | 1005713356 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 174 Seite Diagramme 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Podkónski, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1046733524 aut Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria Robert Podkoński Wydanie I Łódź Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 2016 174 Seite Diagramme 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliografie Seite 157-166. Indeksy Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Kilvington, Richard / (1302?-1361?) / krytyka i interpretacja jhpk Richardus de Kilvington 1305-1361 (DE-588)118961144 gnd rswk-swf Filozofia przyrody / średniowiecze jhpk Nieskończoność jhpk Matematyka średniowieczna / filozofia jhpk Naturphilosophie (DE-588)4041408-5 gnd rswk-swf Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 gnd rswk-swf Unendlichkeit (DE-588)4136067-9 gnd rswk-swf Richardus de Kilvington 1305-1361 (DE-588)118961144 p Unendlichkeit (DE-588)4136067-9 s Naturphilosophie (DE-588)4041408-5 s Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029767564&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029767564&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029767564&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029767564&sequence=000004&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029767564&sequence=000005&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Podkónski, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria Bibliografie Seite 157-166. Indeksy Kilvington, Richard / (1302?-1361?) / krytyka i interpretacja jhpk Richardus de Kilvington 1305-1361 (DE-588)118961144 gnd Filozofia przyrody / średniowiecze jhpk Nieskończoność jhpk Matematyka średniowieczna / filozofia jhpk Naturphilosophie (DE-588)4041408-5 gnd Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 gnd Unendlichkeit (DE-588)4136067-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118961144 (DE-588)4041408-5 (DE-588)4037944-9 (DE-588)4136067-9 |
| title | Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria |
| title_auth | Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria |
| title_exact_search | Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria |
| title_full | Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria Robert Podkoński |
| title_fullStr | Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria Robert Podkoński |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ryszard Kilvington nieskończoność i geometria Robert Podkoński |
| title_short | Ryszard Kilvington |
| title_sort | ryszard kilvington nieskonczonosc i geometria |
| title_sub | nieskończoność i geometria |
| topic | Kilvington, Richard / (1302?-1361?) / krytyka i interpretacja jhpk Richardus de Kilvington 1305-1361 (DE-588)118961144 gnd Filozofia przyrody / średniowiecze jhpk Nieskończoność jhpk Matematyka średniowieczna / filozofia jhpk Naturphilosophie (DE-588)4041408-5 gnd Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 gnd Unendlichkeit (DE-588)4136067-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kilvington, Richard / (1302?-1361?) / krytyka i interpretacja Richardus de Kilvington 1305-1361 Filozofia przyrody / średniowiecze Nieskończoność Matematyka średniowieczna / filozofia Naturphilosophie Mathematik Unendlichkeit |
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