Verfügbarkeit: The Russian economy

The Russian economy: Volume 4 Sectors

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Weitere Verfasser:	Fortescue, Stephen 1952- (HerausgeberIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2017
Schriftenreihe:	Critical concepts in economics
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register
Beschreibung:	x, 420 Seiten Diagramme
ISBN:	9781138961982

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245	1	0	\|a The Russian economy \|n Volume 4 \|p Sectors \|c edited by Stephen Fortescue
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adam_text	CONTENTS VOLUME IV SECTORS Acknowledgements ix PARTI Agriculture 1 46 Private farming in Russia: an emerging success? 3 STEPHEN K. WEGREN 47 Is Russia the emerging global ‘breadbasket’? Re-cultivation, agroholdings and grain production 32 OANE VISSER, MAX SPOOR AND NATALIA MAMONOVA PART 2 Defence industry 59 48 The Russian economy twenty years after the end of the socialist economic system 61 JULIAN COOPER 49 Russia’s defense spending and the economic decline 80 SUSANNE OXENSTIERNA PART 3 Oil and gas 101 50 The Kremlin, national champions and the international oil companies: the political economy of the Russian oil and gas industry 103 MICHAEL BRADSHAW V CONTENTS 51 Ownership and enterprise performance in the Russian oil industry, 1992-2012 123 NAT MOSER PART 4 Financial sector 141 52 Are private banks more efficient than public banks? Evidence from Russia 143 ALEXEI KARAS, KOEN SCHOORS AND LAURENT WEILL 53 Sustaining Russia’s growth: the role of financial reform 178 ERIK BERGLOF AND ALEXANDER LEHMANN 54 Financial constraints on the modernization of the Russian economy 194 RICHARD CONNOLLY PART 5 Social sector 231 55 The cost of illness, disability, and premature mortality to Russia’s economy 233 JUDYTH L. TWIGG 56 Recent demographic developments in the Russian Federation 267 IRINA DENISOVA AND JUDITH SHAPIRO PART 6 Informal sector 293 57 The changing contours of corruption in Russia: informal intermediaries in state-business relations 295 IRINA OLIMPIEVA 58 The unofficial economy in Russia 313 BYUNG-YEON KIM vi CONTENTS PART 7 Regional sector 335 59 Speed of reform, initial conditions or political orientation? Explaining Russian regions’ economic performance 337 RUDIGER AHREND 60 Fiscal federalism in Russia: theory, comparisons, evaluations 370 ULRICH TH1ESSEN Index 406 vii INDEX Abalkin, Leonid, II 4 Abiad and Mody, IV 189 accounts: closed capital, III 18, 21; comprehensive, III 60; correspondent, III 21; foreign bank, III 8; private, III 172; publishing, III 356 active public, I 40 adaptation costs, III 56, 59, 60, 70 administration, IV 181, 221,262, 304, 324, 372-373, 390; efficient, IV 373; federal, IV 181 local, IV 303, 373, 375; new presidential, IV 189; public, IV 181; village, IV 30 advance payment, I 8, 10 Aerospace Defense Forces (ASD), IV 84 affiliation, IV 147; legislature’s, IV 367; political, IV 345 Aganbegyan, 1199 agricultural companies, IV 40-44 agricultural land, IV 9-11,24-25, 39-41, 52-53, 56; re-cultivating abandoned, IV 37; registered, IV 10 agricultural policies, IV 52 agricultural sector, IV 6, 9, 12-14, 22, 25, 32, 46 agriculture, IV 4-6, 9-18, 22, 24-26, 28-30, 33-34, 36, 38, 42, 44-46, 48-52, 54-58, 346, 369, 393, III 26, 33, 35, 38, 56, 59, 60, 61, 71, 172, 249, 250, 322, 350, 1 133; development of, IV 12, 15, 26, 28; favoured domestic, IV 46; nation’s, IV 22; share of, IV 356, 369 agroholdings: corporate, IV 42; countrywide, IV 45; expanding, IV 46; expansion of, IV 44, 51; role of, IV 44, 51; share of, IV 38,52-53; smaller, IV 46 agroholdings, productivity and efficiency, IV 44-48 Ahrend, III 397 Ahrend, Rudiger, III 368, III 392 Akhmina, Natalia, II174 AKKOR, mainstreaming of, 14-17 Aldabergenova, III 315, III 324 Alexeev and Pyle, IV 318 Alexeev, Michael, III 139 Allen, Geoffrey, III 305 allocational efficiency, I 131-135 allocative and technical efficiency, 1131 Altunbas, IV 159 American economy, III 61 American sovietological economics profession: assessment of the assessment, I 79-81; Birman, Igor, I 74-77; CIA’s analysis, I 77-78; Jasny, Naum, I 70-74; performance of, 169; Soviet statistics, 181 American-style survey methods, II 62 Anderson, II 148, II154, II168 Anderson, Djankov, Pohl Claessens, II 147 Anderson, John E., IV 404 Andreev, IV 270, 276, 283,288, 290,292 Andreeva, IV 398, 403 Andreyeva, Tatiana, II 174 Andrienko, IV 278, 288 Andrievskaya, IV 225-226 Andiyakov. Alexander. IV 400 Andvig, IV 297, 310-311 Angola, IV 223 Angus Selby, IV 46 antialcohol campaign, IV 275-276 anti-mechanizational attitudes, 136 anti-WTO campaign, II 258 APK, development of, IV 12 Aristotle, II253 armament program, IV 81,95 406 INDEX ASD. See Aerospace Defense Forces (ASD) Asian financial crisis of 1998, II 124 ASI’s projects, II 322 assets, IV 35, 46, 108-109, 117, 127, 131, 134, 137, 148, 187, 224, 297; basic productive, ГѴ 62; building, III 159; controlling, III 158; denominated, III 203, 214; earning, IV 152; existing production, IV 105; financial, III 277; fixed, III 7, 34, ГѴ 153; foreign, IV 184; illegal, III 334; ill-gotten, III 152; industrial, III 153, 154; non- marketable, III 286; perceived strategic, III 44; privatized, III 139, 146; real, III 345; social, III 152; state-owned, 111 125; strategic, III 352; total banking- sector, IV 214 asset stripping, III 106, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157 autocratic kleptocracy: corruption, II 132-134; democracy, II 126-128; freedom of press, II129—132 autoregressive-distributed lag (ADL) model, III 241 Avdeev, ГѴ 275, IV 276 Avdeev and Monnier, ГѴ 280 balance: constant oil-price, III 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 276; external, III 191; operating, III 363; opposite, III 343; structural, III 263 Balassa Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage, III 368 bank-centric, IV 214, 216 bank credit, IV 178, 182, 184-189, 191,217 bank efficiency, ГѴ 143, 145—146, 156, 158, 168, 172-173 bank finding, ГѴ 183 banking licenses, ГѴ 150, 172 banking sector, ГѴ 145, 170, 173, 182-184, 186—187, 189-190, 192-193, 216, 219-220, 228; crises, IV 189; development, ГѴ 179; domestic, ГѴ 182, 218; emerging-market-economy, ГѴ 144; instability, IV 189; liberalization, IV 188; politicized, IV 220 banking system, III 9, 285, 296, 299, 300; nascent Russian, IV 143; private, IV 170; two-tier, IV 170 bank lending, IV 147-148, 151, 174, 183, 193 bank liabilities, ГѴ 187 bank licensing policy, IV 172 bank loans, IV 217 bank privatization, partial, IV 144 bankruptcy, II 233, III 328 bankruptcy proceedings, II 46 banks: commercial, IV 144, 170, 174; deposit money, IV 150; domestic privately-owned, IV 143; early- privatized, IV 146; foreign-owned, IV 143, 146, 151, 184; fraudulent, IV 170; regional data, IV 381, 386, 389 Barabanov, Mäkienkö, and Pukhov, IV 84 Barbone, II 167 Baretto and Whitesell, I 123 Barnett and Ossowski, III 263, III 267 basic economic theory, II 29 Battese and Coelli, IV 146, IV 147, IV 156 Battese-Coelli, IV 151 Beck, IV 147, III 234, III 245, III 246 Becker, Abraham, I 74 Becker, Gary, IV 285 Belkin, Viktor, I 87 Belotserkovsky, I 80 Ben-Ner and Jones, II212 Berdyaev, Nicolas, 141 Berger, IV 145, IV 152 Berger and Mester, IV 159 Berglöf and Bolton, IV 179, IV 190 Bergson, Abram, I 70,1 74,1 87 Berkowitz Sl DeJong, IV 339 Berle Means, II 149 Berlin Wall, I 182; fall of, II 19, 20 Bessonov, Vladimir, II173 Bhattacharya, Gathmann, and Miller, IV 275, IV 276, IV 277 Big Bang, III 145; agents, III 148; background on, III 147; comparative statics (civic virtue, III 155—156; initial conditions, III 153—155; policy, III 156—157); equilibrium, III 151-153; payoffs, III 149-151; political environment, III 148—149; privatization, III 146 Biletsky, Serhiy, II 174 binding constraint, IV 194—195, 199, 201, 203—205, 209, 211, 214, 218, 221, 224; identifying, IV 194; presumptive, IV 203, 211, 218, 221; primary, IV 195 Bird, IV 395 Bird and Wallich, IV 373 Birman, Igor, I 74—77, I 75, 77, 80 407 INDEX birth deficits, II 58 Black, Bernard, III 145 Blake, Judith, IV 285 Blanchard and Kremer, II263 Bloom, III 325 Boardman Vining, II148 Bogomolov, (X, II 4 Bolshevik approach, II40-42 Bolshevik strategies, II40 Bongaarts and Feeney, IV 282 Bonin, IV 146, IV 168 Borisov, Yuriy, III 378 Braguinsky, Mityakov, and Liscovich, IV 320 Brainerd and Cutler, II 120, IV 277 BraziFs recession, II31 Brezhnev, I 127 Brezhnev era (1964-82), I 141 Brown, IV 145 Brown, Earle, and Telegdy, II 173 budget, IV 80, 82, 86—87, 91-95, 98, 111, 117, 371, 393; national, IV 53, 345; public, IV 372; regional, IV 69, 342, 393; total, IV 84 budgetary deficit, I 14 budget balance, III 273 budget constraint and profit: capitalist and socialist economies, 113-15; countertendencies, 117-18; elementary events and general behavior, 112-13; financial balance sheet, I 3-5; hard budget constraints, I 7-9; inequality, 15; meaning of, 13; in micro-theory, I 19-20; principles, I 6; redistribution of firms, 115-17; soft budget constraints, 19-12 budget constraints, IV 70, 78, 401; experienced hard, IV 63; given, IV 286; hard, IV 70; maintaining soft, IV 68; relatively soft, IV 68; soft, IV 63, 67, 69-70, 76 budget deficits, IV 94, 226, III 115, 122, 204, 227,1 211, 212; forecasted, IV 117; higher, IV 84, 95; minimal, IV 92 budget funding, IV 69, 71; total, IV 68 budget law, IV 92; existing, IV 94; federal, IV 81, 95 budget management, IV 181 budget subsidies, IV 68 budget surpluses, III 213 bureaucracy, IV 296; bloated government, IV 181; excessive, IV 323; local, IV 4; unresponsive, IV 207 business cultures, III 76, 77, 83 business environment, III 85, 88. 211, 261, 358, IV 123, 138, 181, 191-192, 307-308 business growth, III 81, 86 business networks, III 82 Buzgalin, A., II 4 canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), III 243 capital account, III 225, 226 capital controls, III 293, 294, 295, 298, 299, 304, 305, 308 capital flows, III 295, 301,305; freeing, III 302; private-sector, III 345; short-to- medium-term, III 302 capital inflows, III 203, 294, 304; major short-term, III 206; speculative, III 294; strong, III 294 capital investment, III 3, 5, 8, 9, 10,47; direct, III 3; large-scale, III 18 capital investment requirements, III 23 capitalism, IV 4-5, 27, 54, 78; agrarian, IV 4—5; laissez-faire, IV 5 capitalist economies, IV 298-299 capitalist world, I 37 capital markets, III 91, 285; effective, III 301; efficient, III 285, 305; foreign, III 47; open, III 146 capital outflows, III 203, 251; decreasing net, III 192; private, III 213 capital stock, IV 338-341; existing, IV 341; expanding, IV 187; regional, IV 338; underutilized, IV 180 capital stock data, IV 338; regional, IV 338 Carbonell, III 315 cargo customs declaration (CCD), IV 299-300 cash-box, 13 CBR. See Central Bank of Russia (CBR) CCR. See canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) census, IV 11, 24, 265, 289 Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST), IV 86, 97, IV 86 Center on Social and Economic Dynamics (CSED), III 51 408 INDEX Central Bank of Russia, III 192, 218, 220, 231, 279, 280, 285, 293, 301, 344, 404, 405 Central Bank of Russia (CBR), IV 144, 146—149, 151, 164, 170, 172, 183, 186, 188, 190, 214-215, 226, IV 144, III 279; foreign exchange markets, III 224-225 Central Intelligence Agency, I 109 centrally-managed economy, 136 Centre for East European Language Based Area Studies (CEELBAS), IV 61, 222 channels of redistribution: government expenditure, II 83-84; inflation, II 86—87; price liberalization, II 86-87; private sector, growth of, II 83 ; restructuring, II 85-86; taxation, II 83—84; unemployment, II 85—86; wage setting, II 84-85 Chen, IV 146 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, II46 Chubais, Anatoly, II 257 Cimoli, IV 221 civil society, IV 89, 179, 277, 287, 309; institutions, IV 309 Civil War, III 209, 216, 217 Claeys and Schoors, IV 148, IV 149, IV 164 Clarke, IV 45, IV 47 climate, IV 38; change, IV 17; constructive investment, IV 119; economic, IV 132; social, IV 14 climatic conditions, IV 38 Clinton administration, II 30 CMTD. See Commission for Modernisation and Technological Development (CMTD) Coal industry, III 409, 416, 420, 423, 424, 425, 426 coal mining regions, IV 355 coal production, IV 357, 368 Coase, Ronald H., II 41 cold: adaptation to, III 59; engineering research, III 56—58; measuring, III 51-53; question of, III 56 cold thresholds, Siberia, III 63 Cold War, IV 74, 81, IV 81,1 181 Coming Boom in Russia, The, II 32 Commander, II 148, II 166 Commission for Modernisation and Technological Development (CMTD), II 317 commodities, IV 55, 180, 182, 188, 197, 210, 297, 307, 354, III 196, 197, 199, 294, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 404; foodstuff, III 284; groups of, III 394, 398, 400; important import, III 400; included, III 395; main export, III 202; major, III 395; rare, III 79 commodity flows, IV 320 commodity prices, IV 189, 225, III 196, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 278, 374; high, III 202, 204, 205 commodity structure, III 191, 392, 394 Commodity Trade Statistics Database, III 199, 368, 383,418 Communist parties, I 142 Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), I 181 companies: agricultural, IV 40-41, 45, 47, 51, 53, III 322; air defense sector, IV 86; arms-producing, IV 77; best performing, IV 131, 135, 137; dynamic, III 323; engineering, III 357; financial, IV 150; foreign-based, III 354; foreign- owned, III 380; industrial, IV 86; largest, IV 67, 73-74, 193; loss-making, III 353; non-financial, IV 214; private, III 195, 206; real estate, IV 303; state-controlled, IV 108-109, 125 comparative advantage, 1994-2005: Russia’s foreign trade, commodity structure of, III 392—394 competition policies, IV 401 competitiveness: electronics industry, III 377-378; industrial, III 408, 410, 414; international, III 207, 406, 407, 417, 421; level of, III 401; light industry, III 378; lost, III 401; major non-competitive sectors, III 375-377; manufacturing and high technology, III 374—375; policy issues and remedial measures, III 379-380; policy issues and the legacy, III 375 consensus, IV 169, 275; economic, IV 349; growing, IV 106; limited emerging, IV 275 conservative principles, 114 constraints, IV 23, 29, 182, 195, 199-201, 203-205, 207, 210, 218, 224-225; financial, IV 194; growing, IV 259; potential, IV 203 consumer-deficit society, I 155 409 INDEX context, IV 18, 124, 138, 178, 182, 184, 187, 191, 288, 296, 310, 314, 349; general, IV 296, 298; macroeconomic, IV 180; social, IV 310; socioeconomic, IV 308 Cooper, IV 86, IV 205, III 397 Cooper, Julian, IV 61, III 392 core variables: human capital, IV 342- 344; initial production/income, IV 344; Moscow, IV 344 corporate governance, IV 140, 185, 192 corporate raiding: context and descriptive statistics, III 319; data, III 316-319; empirical model, III 330-331; groups participating, III 324-329; regional variation, III 319-321; regression results, III 332-334; sectoral variation, III 321-324; state predation, III 329-330 corruption, IV 88, 203-205, 209, 212, 295-299, 301, 303, 305, 307-312, 315, 322-326, 328, 330-331, 333, 342; evolution of, IV 295, 309-310; formal and informal mediating, IV 298-301; informal intermediaries, IV 301-305, IV 309-311; informal mediation, economic essence of, IV 307-309; informal mediation, institutionalization of, IV 305-307; study of, IV 296-297 cost data, IV 234, 237 cost-effectiveness, IV 266, 394 cost efficiency, IV 146, 155, 158 cost efficiency model, IV 159 cost function, IV 155, 159, 171 cost inefficiencies, IV 155 cost inflation, II 5 costly corruption, II50 cost-minimizing capital-labor ratio, 1113 cost of cold, III 51 cost of illness: direct, IV 254; indirect, IV 244, 261; total, IV 243-244, 246, 249,251, 253-254, 261 cost-of-illness methodology, IV 235 costs: cold, III 51, 70; concentrated, III 105, 116; direct, III 56, 60, 62; economic, III 51, 71; excess, III 66, 166, 178, 179, 186, 219, 224,229, 230; excess production, III 167; gross, III 61, 70; hidden, III 67; increased steel production, III 67; marginal, III 133, 369; mortality, III 62; natural extraction, III 167, 168; nonlabour, III 410; subsumed energy, III 59: transaction. Ill 79, 82; true, III 50,51 costs of production, III 3, 4,6, 11, 12, 13, 18, 22, 46, 47, 166, 167 Cotarelli, IV 182 Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), I 182 credibility, III 152,283, 284,306 credit organisations, IV 68, 150 credit system, 110 crime, economic, III 317, 318, 327, 329, 338 Criminal Corporate Raiding in Russia, III 336 crisis: acute, IV 189; confidence, IV 80-81, 91, 95, 178; current, III 180, 284, 290, 300; current financial world, III 281; current institutional, III 88; debt, IV 196; demographic, IV 195, 265, 287, 292; energy supply, III 8; fiscal, III 268; global financial- economic, IV 76; institutional, III 75, 77, 87; international, ГѴ 286; international credit, ГѴ 186; limited liquidity, ГѴ 189; payment, III 214; systemic, III 284; terminal, III 214 1998 crisis, II27-29 crisis management, IV 90 crisis of economic confidence, III 76, 78 Croatia, and Havrylchyk, ГѴ 146 cross-countiy analysis, IV 313 cross-country differences, ГѴ 158 cross-country evidence, ГѴ 225 cross-country studies, IV 145, 170, 340, 344 crude oil prices, II28 currency: domestic, III 205, 206, 215; foreign, III 203, 214, 290, 344: national. Ill 288, 291, 302; regional, III 301, 303; regional trade, III 301, 302; stable. Ill 96, 104 currency crisis, ГѴ 178 current account balances, III 214 current account pressure. III 203, 213 current account problems, III 203 current account surplus. Ill 8, 213, 224. 227 Cypriot and Swiss bank, II 31 Czech privatization, II37 Czech Republic, III 7, 9, 98, 99, 100, 101, 110, 111, 120, 125, II 37, II 51, 52, II 147 410 INDEX Danilin, I 122,1 131 Danilov-Danilyan, I 135 Dan, Ioana, II 174 defense industry, IV 85—87 degrees of paternalism, 121 Demidova, III 315 Demirgüc-Kunt and Kane, IV 169 democracy, II 19, III 21, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 137, 337; social, III 11; suppress, III 181 democratic majority, III 137 demographic developments: fertility, IV 279-285; interim balance sheet, IV 285-286; population prospects, IV 287; relevant international experience, IV 286-287 Denisova, IV 276, IV 277 Denisov, Andrei, IV 266 depreciation, III 7, 22 Desai, I 105 Dewenter Malatesta, II 147, II 148, II168 Dietsch and Lozano-Vivas, IV 158 direct costs, IV 237-238 Djankov and Murrell, II 200 Djankov, McLiesh, Nenova and Shleifer, II 129 Dmitriev, II 337 dominant owners during the period (DOMEE), II 224 dominant ownership group (DOMGR), II 224 Dombusch, Rüdiger, II 4 double-dependency relations, I 159 Drago, IV 287 Duluth, Minnesota, III 67-68 Duma Defense Committee, IV 86 Duncan, III 330 Dutch disease: perils of, III 225; symptoms of, III 219 dynamic OLS (DOLS), III 241 Dzarasov, III 315 Earle and Estrin, II 212 Earle and Gehlbach, IV 277 Earle Estrin, II 147, II 148, II 166 Easterly, IV 341 Eberstadt, IV 287 EBRD Transition Indicators, III 111, 114, 115 economic agents, III 78, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 280 economic cataclysm, II 118—122 economic confidence, crisis of, III 76-78 economic crisis, II 153, 312, 325, 336, 352 economic crisis in 2009, IV 81 economic dilemmas: capital depreciation, III 5-10; politics vs. geography, III 10—17; Russia’s economic contraction, III 4 economic growth, III 33, 35, 76, 77, 190, 202, 203, 212, 213, 216, 217, 233, 245, 252, 305; significant, III 200; slower, III 214; strong, III 188; sustainable, III 81; sustaining, III 192 economic interpretation, 122 economic mechanism, improvement of, 1202 economic modernisation and diversification: constraints on growth, II 311—314; foreign investors, II328-331; under government rules, II314-316; instability, sources of, Π 335—339; M D drive, Π 319—324; M D, political context for, II 331—335; post-crisis structural reforms, Π 316—319; privatisation dilemma, II 324-328 economic players, III 78, 81 economic policies, III 26, 84, 85, 88, 89, 122, 188, 216, 296, 298, 422; effective, III 10; improved, III 261; incoherent, III 3; right, III 188 economic policy, IV 91—95 economic radicalism, II 64—65 economic reform, IV 349-351 economic reforms, II6, III 93, 94, 95,96, 97, 102, 104, 107,109, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118,120; costly, ΠΙ104; implementing, III 97; partial, ΙΠ 95, 102, 105, 106, 109; politics of, m 93,94, 95,97, 98, 104, 107, 108, 113, 117, 118; short term, HI 93 economic structure: current, III 70, 188; diversified, III 202, 210 The Economist (magazine), II 126, III 218 Economist Intelligence Unit, III 5, 7, 10, 19, 20,21,360 Egert, III 241 Eilat and Zinnes, IV 318 electric power industry, III 408, 411, 415, 416, 423, 424, 425, 426 El’tsin, II 57 El’tsin administration, II 58 El’tsin’s premature deaths, II 59-63 emerges qualifies, II 80 411 INDEX emerging economies, III 294, 308, 340, 342, 345, 375,404 empire: decay of, I 159; in Eastern Europe, 1140; economic costs of, I 152, 154; economic resources and political authority, I 139; global capitalist system, I 165-172; ideal empire, I 140-141; political disintegration of, I 170; power and weakness, I 164; Soviet perspective constitute, I 140; Stalinism, 1 160-163; stalinist period, I 141-145; Stalin’s death, impact of, I 145; strikes back, 1964-82,1 149, 160 error correction model (ECM), III 241; short-run analyses, III 247-249 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), IV 67, II 132 European Central Bank, III 255, 279, 283, 304, 305, 307, 308, 309 exchange rate, III 207, 225, 281, 285, 286, 287, 288, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 300, 301, 341; annual, III 344; annual average, III 343; contemporary, III 9; deflator-based real, III 245; devalued, III 190; dollar, III 414; managed floating, III 280; official, III 19, 230; real effective, III 236, 238; relatively strong, III 207; relatively weak, III 207 exchange-rate fluctuations, III 203; large, III 206; sharp, III 203 exchange rate manipulation, III 303 exchange rate policy, III 299 expenditure stance, III 270, 271 export growth, III 33, 194, 201, 214; potential, III 214; rapid, III 199; rapid Russia, III 214; robust, III 200; total, III 199 ex post accounting identity, I 4 extraordinary transformations, II 115 factor-saving approach, 1106 failed transitions, II 32-33, 34-35 Farabullini and Hester, IV 145 FDI. See foreign direct investment (FDI) Federal State Statistics Agency, IV 236 federal taxation, II49 federal tax collection, II 46 Fedorov, Sergei, II4 Feige and Urban, IV 318 fertility, IV 279-285 Feshbach, Murray, I 69 Feyrer, Sacerdote, and Stem, IV 287 financial balance sheet, 1 3-4 financial crisis, II 45, 123, II 122-123 financial reform: political economy of, IV 189-190 financial reform and growth, IV 182-188 Firestone, III 315 fiscal federalism: equalization of income, IV 372-373, IV 381-392; evaluation criteria for, IV 371-376; expenditure responsibilities, IV 392-394; regional inequalities, IV 380-382; revenue sources, IV 394-399; taxation autonomy, IV 374—376 fiscal policy: constant oil-price balance, III 264—265; debt-stabilizing primary surplus, III 263-264; nonoil fiscal balance, III 265-268; oil windfalls, III 273-274; stance and impulse, III 268-273 foreign direct investment (FDI), III 9 Friedman, IV 323 Fries and Taci, IV 145, IV 146, IV 159, IV 168 Fiydman, IV 145, II147, II 149, II 150. 151,11 155, II 166, II 168 Frydman, Gray, Hessel Rapaczynski, II147 Frye and Shleifer, III 316 fully modified OLS (FMOLS), III 241 Gaddy, III 234 Gaddy and Ickes, IV 89. Ill 219. Ill 220, III 224, III 234 Gaidar, Yegor, II 3 Galal, Jones, Tandon Vogelsang, II 147 Gans-Morse, III 315, III 325, 329 GCOS. See growth of costs (GCOS) GDP. See gross domestic product (GDP): cost-efficiency and value for money, IV 81; magnitude of, II 32; in public finance, II 27; statistics, II 33 geographical fatalism, III 44—50 geographic dichotomy: classical hinterland. III 31-33; educational opportunities, III 28-29; hinterlands vs. metropolitan, III 26-27; middle class, III 29; natural gas consumption, III 27-28; port-hinterland multiplier effects, III 30-31: retail trade. Ill 29-30; Russian Far East (RFE), III 33-36; services, III 29-30; 412 INDEX Transbaykalia, III 33-36; undeclared income, III 29—30 Gerry, Mickiewicz, and Nikoloski, IV 277 Gerschenkron, IV 170 Glasnost’in Action (Nove, Alec), I 83 Glazev, Sergei, II 4 global economic crisis, II 353—356 global financial crisis, II 31 Goldfarb, Alex, II 235 Goldman, Marshall, I 69, II 303, 304 Golovenko, I 60 Gorbachev era, I 197 Gorbachev, Mikhail, II 57,1 181, 198 Gorodnichenko, Martinez-Vazquez, and Sabirianova Peter, IV 324 Goskomstat, II 62, II 123 Goskomstat’s statistics, I 94 gosudarsvennaya programma vooruzhenii (GPV), IV 83 GPV. See gosudarsvennaya programma vooruzhenii (GPV) gradualist, II 24 grain, in Russia, IV 40-44 Grazhdaninova and Lerman, IV 47 Greenslade, I 109 Grigorian and Manole, IV 146 Grosfeld Nivet, II 147, II 150 gross domestic income (GDI), III 236 gross domestic product (GDP), III 60 Grossman, IV314, IV315 Grossman and Helpman, II 258 growth diagnostics framework, IV 204-210 growth in employment (GLAB), II 220 growth in labor productivity (GL-PROD), II 220 growth in real revenues (GRREV), II 220 growth in real sales (GRSAL), II 220 growth of costs (GCOS), II 220 Guariglia and Kim, IV 327 Guriev and Rachinsky, IV 45, II 124, II 125, II 263 Haggard and Kaufman, III 100 Hahlbrock and Hockmann, IV 45 Hanson, III 234 Hanson, Philip, II 303 Hart, III 81 Hasan and Marion, IV 145 Hausmann, IV 178, IV 199, II 305 Heckscher-Ohlin theory, I 122 Hockmann, IV 45 Hoeffding, Oleg, I 72 How Russia Became a Market Economy; II 32 Hughes and Mester, IV 158 Hungarian and Romanian data, II177 Hungarian economy, I 225 Ickes, Barry, II 173 IFDL See inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) IMF, II 20, 27; capital accounts, II27; defenders of, II 35; International Financial Statistics, II 122; and OECD, II 314; policies in Russia, II 20; policies of, II 47; program, II 35; shock therapists, II 24 independent accounting, I 23 indirect costs, IV 238—242 inequality: change in, II 91-94; channels of redistribution, II 83; dominance, II 89—91; equivalence scales, II 89-91; income distribution, II95—96; initial conditions, II 81-82; in Russia, 1992-96, II 87—88; transitions, II 94-95 inflation, II 5, II 35-36 inflation rate, II 156 informal organization, Soviet firm: economic system, characteristics of, I 58—60; emigration, 144; expectations facilitating informal methods, I 56—58; managerial behavior (premia, I 48—50; profits, I 50-51; quiet life, I 51—52); principles of management (blat, I 55—56; safety factor, I 52—53; simulation, I 54—55); sources and reliability, I 45—48 instantaneous liberalization, II 25 institutional collapse, III 76—78 institutions, III 79—80; and business culture, III 83-85; by state, III 85-87 integral socialism, I 200 interim balance sheet, IV 285—286 international financial crisis of 1998, II 49 International Labour Organisation, II 62 Interstate Economic Committee (MEK), 1220 inward foreign direct investment (IFDI): in 2005-2008, III 341; energy-sector, III 349; GDP and, III 340; global pattern of, III 346; growth of Russian, III 341; and OFDI, III 341; Rosstat data on, III 349; size and nature of, III 341; stocks of Russian, III 342 413 INDEX inzhenemo-tekhnicheskie rabotniki, 1244 loffe and Nefedova, III 26 Janes, IV 93 Jasny, I 71 Jasny, Birman, 176 Jasny, Naum, I 70-74 J curve, III 95—104 Jemric and Vujcic, IV 146 Johnson, Kaufmann, and Shleifer, ГѴ 316, IV 318, 319 Johnson, McMillan, and Woodruff, IV 324-325 Jonas, Philipp, II 173 Jondrow, IV 155 Journal of Political Economy, The, I 71, 73 Kapeliushnikov, III 315 Kaplan, Norman, I 71 Kasyanov, Mikhail, III 5 katastroika, II 58 Kaufman and Stone, III 124 Kaufmann and Kaliberda, IV 316, IV 318, IV 320, 323 Kaznovsky, Victor, II 174 Kemme and Roy, III 234 Kézdi, Gabor, II173 Khanin, Grigonį I 87 Khomenko, ГѴ 320 Khrushchev, II 57,1 81,1 148 Khrushchev period (1953-64), I 141 Kikéri, II 146 Kim, IV 316, IV 318 Kim and Kang, IV 318, ГѴ 327 Kingkade reports, II 61 Kireev, III 315 Kolganov, A., II4 Koning, II 147 Konrad, George, I 144 Koopman, 1122 Korhonen and Juurikkala, III 245 Kraft, IV 146 Kremlin’s reforms, II 58 krugovaia proniká, I 57 Kuboniwa, III 219, III 235, III 242 Kumbhakar and Lovell, ГѴ 156 Kunov, Andrei, ГѴ 368 Kwon, III 265 Lacko, IV 318 Land Code, ГѴ 41 land reform, IV 39-40, ГѴ 41 La Porta, IV 170 La Porta Lopez-de-Silanes, II 147, II 148, II 150, II 167 large farm enterprises (LFEs), IV 34, IV 40 Leach, James, II 115 Lenin, II57 Lenin’s looking glass, II 63-64 Lemer, IV 272 Levin, Laurence, II 173 Levitt, Steven, II 173 Li and Zhou, III 339 liberal market reform program: accelerate reforms, II 8-9; achieve financial stabilization, II4-6; budget deficit, II 14-15; economic independence, II 10-12; opposing views, II 3-4; socioeconomic reforms, II 12-14; socioeconomic situation, II6-8 Libman, Kozlov, and Schultz, III 316, III 331,111334 Ligachev, Yegor, II4 Liuhto, III 342 loans for shares: government agree, II239-241; oligarchs, II 243-244; ownership, II241-243; program implemented, II 239; stakes involved. II 233-234; value of the, II234 logarithm of oil prices, log (OIL), III 239 Lowery, Joanne, II173 Lukashenko, Aleksandr, II 304 Luzhkov. Yuri, II257 Luzhkov, Yury, II4 Lvov, Dmitry, II4 macroeconomic stabilization, II49 macroeconomic stabilization policy, II 5 macroeconomic stabilization, Russia, II 4 Magidoff, Robert, I 60 Maikova, III 357 MalmlOf, IV 86 managerial behavior: premia, I 48-50; profits, I 50-51; quiet life, I 51-52 manufacturing growth: collapse in 1990s, III 220-223; extraordinary increase, III 223—224; implications for future, III 225-228; price subsidies for, III 224 marginal rates of substitution (MRS). I 105 market economies. II39 Markus, III 315 Maryanchyk, Ivan, II 174 414 INDEX material progress: CIA standard, I 87; coping with ambiguity, 198; factor cost, I 88-90; free invention, I 93; hidden inflation, I 90-92; independent soviet estimates, I 94-98; waste and disequilibrium, I 93—94 Maudos, IV 153 Mau, Vladimir, IV 90 Megginson, II 150 Megginson and Netter, IV 124 Megginson, Nash van Randenborgh, II147 Melnikov, A., II 4 Mendras, III 329 Merlevede, III 241 Mesl6 and Vallin, IV 272 Mester, IV 158, 159 Meyfroidt, IV 38 Mikhailov, A., II 4 Mikheeva, IV 339 Mikkelson, II 153 military representatives, IV 66 Military Space Forces, IV 84 Milov, III 201 Minsky, Hyman P., III 284 modernization, IV 218-220 Monaghan, Andrew, II 332 monetary policy: CBR monetary policy, III 280-282; inflation-targeting strategy, III 285-298; NMC, III 282-285 money stock, I 4 morbidity, IV 240-242 multifactor productivity (MFP), II 175 Murrell, Peter, II 173 Musgrave, IV 373 national mobility, I 145 national oil companies (NOCs), IV 109 natural selection, I 24 Nault, Jeff, II 173 Nellis, II 148 New York Federal Reserve Bank, II 31 New York Times, II 115 Nickell, II 146, II 166 Nochevkina, I 95 nominal effective exchange rate (NEER), III 243 non-monetary benefits, II 84 North, III 76 Nove, Alec, I 83 Novo-Ogarevsky process, I 219 nuclear power, II 20 O’Driscoll, III 125 OECD. See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Ofer and Vinokur, IV 315-316 O’Heam, IV 315 oil-dependent growth and diversification, III 241-244 oil prices, II 20, III 244—245: terms of trade, and trading gains, III 247 oligarchical capitalism, II 123—126 oligarchs, II 117, 233, 238 Olson, III 316, III 331, 334 Omran, IV 272 Oomes and Dynnikova, III 270 Oomes and Kalcheva, III 245 optimal prices, I 7 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), IV 145, 376-380 orthodox principles, 114 Osipian, III 315 outward foreign direct investment (OFDI): equivalent share for, III 341; Hong Kong for, III 340 by host country, III 346-349; market- seeking, III 357; Russian business environment affects, III 351; size and nature of, III 341; total stock of, III 345 overdraft economy, I 14 Oxenstierna, IV 89 Oxenstierna and Bergstrand, IV 87 PadmaDesai, I 131 Pagano, II 166 Pallot and Nefedova, IV 41 Parshev, Andrey, III 46-47 partial reform, politics of, III 104-109 paternalism: limits, conscious action, I 27-28; socialist economy, I 22—23; softening of budget constraint, I 26-27; tendencies and countertendencies, I 23-26 Pauna, Catalin, II 174 Peerson and Zhuravskaya, III 331 perestroika: acceleration, I 200; benefits from cooperatives, I 236; conception of, I 198; conservative stabilisation, I 218-221; cooperatives, I 237-238; cooperatives and general interest, 1234-236; cooperative to small enterprise, I 241-242; end of, I 197; historical roots of, I 199; history 415 INDEX of, I 197; implementation of, I 206; initiators of, I 204; investment structure model, I 201; macroeconomic model, I 201; methodological appendix, I 250-254; organisational choice, 1233; policy of, I 197,1 198,1201, 1206; Rezina, I 233-234, 242-248; and shortage economy, 1232-233; subdivision to independence, 1239-241; theoretical and ideological roots, 1198; waning, I 198; waxing, I 198 Perevalov, II148 performance measures, II152 Perm’, Russia, III 68-70 personnel costs, IV 87-88 Persson and Zhuravskaya, III 316, III 334 Petrakov, Nikolai, II4 Phillips and Hansen, III 241 Plato, II 253 Poland, II 51, 52 political antitrust, II260 political institutions, III 94 politico-institutional features, IV 344—349 Politics (Aristotle), II 253 Popov, IV 339 post-communist economic transformation, II 303 post-communist premature deaths, II58 post-communist revolution, II40 post-socialist countries, II 21 poverty, II96-99; and household scale economies, II99; transitions and characteristics, II 99-101 poverty and inequality, II33-34 power-hungry mafia, II 115-116 premature deaths, II 58; in Russian Federation 1990-1998, II 59 price-maker, I 5 price-making, I 9 price-taker, I 5 price volatility, IV 48-49 Prishchepov, IV 38 Privalov and Volkov, III 315, III 324. III 325, 327, III 327 private farming: economic performance, IV 5-11 ; government assistance programs, IV 12-14; macro-level, IV 5, IV 18-22 private ownership structures, II 176 privatization, II 36-38, II 49, II 153; economic effects, II 219-225 (conceptual framework and, II 212-213; control and influence. II 228; and implications, II 225; ownership, II 227; ownership and control, II 213-218; ownership dynamics, II 227; performance, II 227); empirical background, II 147-148; hypotheses and methodology, II150-151 ; methodology, II 148-149; performance evaluation, II 151-158; policy adjustment conclusions, II 170; problem, II 144-147; productivity effects of (data, II 176-181; empirical strategy, II 183-187; policies, II 181-183; results, II 187-197); results, II 159-167; sample, II 158-159; selection bias, II 167-169; theoretical background, II 144—147 privatization: type of, II 211 privatization dummy (PRIV), II220 profit-incentive, I 18 property rights, II41; democracy, III 126; distribution of, III 124; effective protection of, III 125; equilibria, III 128-131; impact of, III 131-136; institutions of. III 124; model, III 127-128; political economy of, III 136-138; protection of, III 124; subsequent exchanges of, III 124 Przeworski, III 102 pure soft budget, 115 Putin, II 115 Putin’s administration, II 267 Putin’s economic policy, IV 90-91 Putin’s second term, II 303-306 Putin, Vladimir, IV 81, 83, 87 Pyle, IV 318 Radaev, III 82 Radygin, III 315 Rajan and Zingales. II 267 Rautava, III 234, III 243 real exchange rate and oil prices. Ill 244-245 reform, II 25-27: ownership concentration, II 266-269; political economy, II 266-269 reform strategies, II 50 rent: addiction. III 174-177; defining, III 166-167; eliminate addiction, III 181-184; in future, III 167-169; management system, III 177-181 ; 416 INDEX management system and addiction, III 172—173; oil and gas, III 169-172; Putin’s rent management system, III 173-174 reorganization process, 118 Republic (Plato), II 253 Republic of China, II 21 rescue, II 29—30 rescue fails, II 31-32 resource curse: diversification, III 210-212; Dutch disease, III 206-208; external vulnerability, III 202—206; policies of growth, 1999-2004, III 191-196; political economic challenges, III 208-210; potential advantages, III 196-198; resource-based economy, III 196—198; Russian resource-based economy, III 189-191 Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), III 391,397-398 Revealed Comparative Disadvantage (RCD), III 391-392, 398-401, III 391-392 1917 Revolution, II 21 Rezina: collapse of old order, I 242-244; economic indicators at, 1231; enterprise in trouble, I 227—228; future of, I 244—247; management, I 230; supply problems, I 228-232 Robinson, III 87 Rodrik, IV 221 Rodrik, Dani, III 291 Romanian data, II 174 Rosefielde, I 122,1 131, I 134 Rosen, Sherwin, II 173 RosStat, IV 35 ruble loans, II 28 Russia, III 242; after communism, II 116-118; economic reform in, II 50 Russia, investment in, IV 199—204 Russian banking sector: history and problems of, IV 147—151 Russian disease (R-D); vs. Dutch Disease (D-D), III 233 Russian economic policy, challenges of: challenges of, II 365—367; economic growth, II 377-378; global economic crisis, II 353-356; socio-economic performance in 2013-14, II 356-365; socio-economic risks, II 367—373 Russian economy today, IV 67 Russian Federation, I 221; post-communist depression, II 57 Russian financial crisis, II192 Russian Industrial Enterprise Registry, II263 Russian industrial restructuring: comparative advantage and disadvantage, III 417-420; labour productivity, III 408-417; unit labour costs, 4 III 08-417 Russian industry, II 45 Russian investment, IV 197—199 Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), II 80, 81 Russian market reformers, II 21 Russian military economy, IV 67-73 Russian oil and gas: domestic significance of, IV 106-107; foreign investment in, IV 110-112; global financial crisis on, IV 118—119; global importance of, IV 104-106; re-nationalization of, IV 108; Russia, global economic crisis on, IV 116-117; Sakhalin II, IV 112-116; state control, reassertion of, IV 109-110 Russian oil industry, 1992—2012: enterprise performance 1992-1999, IV 130-132; enterprise performance 1999-2004, IV 132-136; enterprise performance 2005-2012, IV 136-137; ownership changes 1992-2012, IV 126-128; production trends 1992-2012, IV 128-130 Russian oligarchs, II 253—254; economic performance of, II 262-266; gain control, II260-261; in international perspective, II 261—262; and market power, II 257—260; ownership concentration, II 266-269; political economy, II 266-269 Russian political economy, II 51 Russian privatisation conveys property rights, II 165 Russian transition, II 79 Russia’s economic decline, IV 88-90 Russia’s growth spurt, IV 180—181 Russia’s Immediate Economic Prospects, II 13 Russia’s mortality crisis: comparative perspective, IV 270—272; health care technologies, IV 277-279; incomplete health transition, IV 272—275; mortality rates, IV 275-277 Russia’s recent economic performance, IV 195-197 Russia’s recovery prospects, II 65 417 INDEX Rylko, IV 41, IV 47 Ryzhkov, Nikolay, II 3-4 Sachs, Jeffrey, II 58 Safíre, II116 Safíre, William, II115 Sakwa, III 315 Sale of the Century: Russia’s Wild Ride from Communism to Capitalism, The, II 32 Sanders, Bernard, II 115 SBS-Agro, II 46 Schaffer, Mark, II173 Scherbakov, Alexander, II174 Schierhom, IV 38 Schneider, Buehn, and Montenegro, IV 319, IV 320, IV 321 Schoors and Sonin, IV 148 Schumpeter, I 128 Schwarz information criterion (SIC), III 241 Scott, John, 161 Sealey and Lindley, IV 152 Serdyukov, Anatoly, IV 85 Settles, III 315 Shapiro Willig, II 144 Shatalin, Stanislav, II4 Shkolnikov, Meslé, and Leon, IV 273 Shleifer, Andrei, II 41, III 145, IV 332 Shleifer and Treisman, IV 190 Shleifer Vishny, II145 Shlykov, Vitalii, IV 64 Shmelev, Nikolai, II 4 shock therapy, II24, II39-40 Shukhgal’ter, Maya, I 87 Shukhgal’teris size estimates, 195 Siberia: cold thresholds, III 63: extraordinary cold of, III 64 Skokov, Yury, II4 small and medium entetprises (SMEs), IV 66 Smith, Jeff, II 173 social context, II38-39 social insurance, II 84 socialist economic management, 1198 socialist economic system: biographical details, IV 61-62; Komai. János, IV 62-65; Shlykov, Vitalii, IV 64-65; Soviet militaiy economy, IV 65-66; structure and time horizon, IV 73-77; Yaremenko, Yurii, IV 64 soft budget constraint, I 26 soft political union, II 12 Soviet agriculture, I 70,1 134 Soviet economic conditions, I 69 Soviet Economy during the Plan Era, The, 171 Soviet economy, dynamic stagnation of. I 121 Soviet-era agriculture, II 23 Soviet firm, informal organization: economic system, characteristics of, I 58-60; emigration, I 44; expectations facilitating informal methods, I 56-58: informants, 147-48; managerial behavior (premia, I 48-50; profits, I 50-51; quiet life, 151-52); principles of management (blat, I 55-56; safety factor, I 52-53; simulation, I 54-55); priority of, 158; record of performance, 159; short tenure, I 59; sources and reliability, 145—48 Soviet industry: allocational inefficiency in, 1109-113; conceptual problems, I 113-117; resource-allocation inefficiency, I 105-108 Soviet military economy, IV 65-66 Soviet national income and product, CIA estimates of, I 88 Soviet Prices of Producers ’ Goods, 171 Soviet Price System, Thef I 71 Soviet statistics, I 70; reliability of, I 87 Soviet-type allocation system, I 124 Soviet-type economic system: allocation mechanism of, 1125 Soviet-type economy, model of, I 123-126 Soviet Union: allocative efficiency in, I 126-127; bureaucratic routine, 135; bureaucratism, 136; economic expansion, I 34; incentives and economic growth. I 34; organizational structure, 138; politico-economic climate, 134; Scientific and Technological Commissions, I 40; social tensions, 135; technological and economic advance of, I 36; technological policy, 135; uniform technological policy, I 39 Stalin, II 57 Stalinist period (1945-53), I 141-145 Stalinist political economies, I 143 standard Soviet-type economic system. I 124 Stark, David, 226 state armament program 2011-2020. IV 83-85 418 INDEX statist politicians, II 4 Steggerda and Visser, IV 47 Stigler, II 267 Stiglitz, III 90 STK, fate of, 247-248 stock market, II 45 A Strategy for Russia in the Transition Period, II 12 Stuckler, King, and McKee, IV 277 Styrin, IV 147, IV 159 sub-optimal institutions, III 81—82 substantial budget deficit, I 74 Szelenyi, Ivan, I 144 Személy, Béla, II 174 Tabata, III 234, III 235 tax system, I 6 technical-economic councils, I 40 technological policy, I 35 temperature per capita ( TPC), III 51-53 theory (system) of optimal functioning of the economy’ (TOFE or SOFE), 1203 Timofeev, Andrey, IV 404 Titayev, III 315 Toda, I 131 Törocsik, Ágnes, II 174 total electricity consumption (TEC), IV316 total factor productivity (TFF), III 242 Trade Specialization Index (TSI), III 392, 394-396 traditional Soviet-type economy, I 123 transition processes, II 156 Transparency International (TI), II 132 Trans-Siberian Railway, II 45 treasury enterprises, IV 68 Treisman, IV 276 Treml, IV 315, IV 318 Treml and Alexeev, IV 316 TSI. See Trade Specialization Index (TSI) Tullock, III 127 unemployment benefits, II 84 UN International Comparison Project, II 116 United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), III 392 United States, cost of cold, III 61 unit labour costs, II 153 unofficial economy: effects of, IV 326-327; growth in, IV 322-326; during Russia’s transition, IV 316—321; Soviet second economy, IV 314-316 urban, IV 318 USSR: budget expenditure, 1212; East Europe on, I 183-187; exports from, I 184; Gorbachev’s imperial strategy, 1187—191; growth rates of, I 182; material burden on, I 182 Uzun, IV 46 Vakhitov, Vladimir, II174 value-added tax (VAT), II 14 Vantu, Irina, II174 VAT. See value-added tax (VAT) Vector Error Correction (VEC), III 234 Vennet, Vander, IV 145 Vernikov, IV 215 Vickers Yarrow, II 145 virtual economy: comparative macroindicators, II 285-286; financial settlements, II282—283; implications, II 283—284; incentives for participation, II 286-288; leakage, II 289-290; privatization lottery, II 288—289; and real economy, II 284—285; roots of, II 279—280; simple accounting model (fiscal considerations, II 281; production, II 280—281); tax crackdown scenario, II 290-291 Visan, Ruxandra, II 174 Vishnevsky, TV 274 Vishny, Robert W., Ill 145 Volkov, III 314, 315 324, 325 Volkov, Paneyakh, and Titayev, III 327 Volsky, Arkady, II 4 Washington Consensus, II 57, II 63 Washington consensus, II 303 Washington Consensus policies, II 38 Weill, IV 145, IV 159 Western economic models, II 47 wheat, Russia’s re-cultivation potential for, IV 37-39 Wheelock and Wilson, IV 152 Whitesell, Robert S., I 127,1 131,1 134 Wilhelm, I 135 Willig, II 167 withdrawal of profit in balance, 115 Wolf, Charles Jr., I 88 Woodruff, III 315 World Bank, II 27, 28, 29, 33, 132, 190, 239, 255, 263 419 INDEX world economic crisis, II 355 World Economic Forum, III 340 World Trade Organization (WTO), I 185, II 258 World War II, II 19 Xiaoqing and HefFeman, IV 146 Yakovlev, Baranov, and Nazrullaeva, III 315, 325 Yaremenko, Y., II 4, IV 64 Yavlinsky, Gregory, II 4 Yeltsin administration, II 51 Yeltsin, Boris, II 21, 42, 116 Yeltsin’s administration. II 47, 51 Yukos, III 329 Zakharov, IV 280, 285, 286 Zhang, III 315 Zhuravskaya, Elena, III 314, 315 Zohoori, IV 276 Zyuganov, Gennady, II 3 Bayerische taatsbibliothek unchen
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series2	Critical concepts in economics
spelling	The Russian economy Volume 4 Sectors edited by Stephen Fortescue London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2017 x, 420 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Critical concepts in economics Fortescue, Stephen 1952- (DE-588)170361357 edt (DE-604)BV044278515 4 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029682967&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029682967&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register
spellingShingle	The Russian economy
title	The Russian economy
title_auth	The Russian economy
title_exact_search	The Russian economy
title_full	The Russian economy Volume 4 Sectors edited by Stephen Fortescue
title_fullStr	The Russian economy Volume 4 Sectors edited by Stephen Fortescue
title_full_unstemmed	The Russian economy Volume 4 Sectors edited by Stephen Fortescue
title_short	The Russian economy
title_sort	the russian economy sectors
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029682967&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029682967&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV044278515
work_keys_str_mv	AT fortescuestephen therussianeconomyvolume4

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