Breakdown in traffic networks: fundamentals of transportation science
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Berlin, Germany
Springer
[2017]
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext http://www.springer.com/ Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxix, 652 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9783662544716 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kerner, Boris S. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Breakdown in traffic networks |b fundamentals of transportation science |c Boris S. Kerner |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin, Germany |b Springer |c [2017] | |
| 300 | |a xxix, 652 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 653 | |a TNH | ||
| 653 | |a Highway, City and Urban Vehicular Traffic | ||
| 653 | |a Intelligent Transportation Systems | ||
| 653 | |a Spatiotemporal Traffic Dynamics | ||
| 653 | |a Three-Phase Traffic Flow Models | ||
| 653 | |a Traffic Congestion and Bottlenecks | ||
| 653 | |a Transportation Networks | ||
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION*THE REASON FOR PARADIGM SHIFT
IN TRANSPORTATION
SCIENCE.
1
1.1 DEFINITIONS OF FREE AND CONGESTED TRAFFIC IN EMPIRICAL D ATA
.
2
1.2 BOTTLENECKS
.
5
1.3 DEFINITIONS OF SYNCHRONIZED FLOW AND WIDE MOVING JAM
PHASES IN EMPIRICAL DATA FOR CONGESTED TRAFFIC
.
6
1.4 TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
.
9
1.5 EMPIRICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS IN TRAFFIC F LOW
.
9
1.6 EMPIRICAL FUNDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE
.
12
1.7 THE ORIGIN OF FAILURE OF CLASSICAL TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
THEORIES
.
17
1.7.1 NATURE OF STOCHASTIC HIGHWAY CAPACITY
.
17
1.7.2 DESCRIPTION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN WITH CLASSICAL
TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS
. 18
1.7.3 DETERIORATION OF TRAFFIC SYSTEM THROUGH STANDARD
DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT IN NETWORKS
.
21
1.7.4 FAILURE OF APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) BASED ON CLASSICAL
TRAFFIC THEORIES
. 23
1.8 CLASSICAL IDEAS OF TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE AND NUCLEATION
NATURE OF EMPIRICAL TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
. 25
1.9 THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC THEORY
.
25
1.10 INFINITE NUMBER OF STOCHASTIC HIGHWAY CAPACITIES
IN THREE-PHASE
THEORY.
29
1.11 BREAKDOWN MINIMIZATION (BM) PRINCIPLE
. 30
1.12 MATHEMATICAL THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS
AND ITS-APPLICATIONS OF THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
31
1.13 CRITICISM OF THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC THEORY
.
36
1.14 INCOMMENSURABILITY OF THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC THEORY
AND CLASSICAL TRAFFIC THEORIES
. 39
1.15 OBJECTIVES OF THE B
OOK. 40
1.16 BOOK*S STRUCTURE
.
42
REFERENCES.
44
2 ACHIEVEMENTS OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT
HIGHWAY
BOTTLENECKS.
73
2.1
INTRODUCTION.
73
2.2 EMPIRICAL FEATURES OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
.
74
2.2.1 TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN*TRANSITION FROM FREE TO
SYNCHRONIZED FLOW AT HIGHWAY BOTTLENECK
.
74
2.2.2 TIME-DEPENDENCE OF FLOW RATE DURING EMPIRICAL
TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT HIGHWAY BOTTLENECK
.
75
2.3 STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR AND PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
AT HIGHWAY
BOTTLENECK.
77
2.4 CONCLUSIONS
.
80
REFERENCES.
81
3 NUCLEATION NATURE OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN*EMPIRICAL
FUNDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE
.
87
3.1
INTRODUCTION.
87
3.2 DEFINITIONS OF EMPIRICAL SPONTANEOUS AND EMPIRICAL
INDUCED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWNS AT HIGHWAY BOTTLENECKS
.
88
3.3 EXPLANATION OF TERM *NUCLEUS* FOR TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
.
92
3.4 NUCLEATION OF EMPIRICAL SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT
HIGHWAY BOTTLENECKS
.
94
3.4.1 WAVES IN EMPIRICAL FREE FLOW
.
94
3.4.2 EMPIRICAL NUCLEATION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT
ON-RAMP BOTTLENECK
.
96
3.4.3 EMPIRICAL NUCLEATION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT
OFF-RAMP BOTTLENECK.
96
3.4.4 EMPIRICAL PERMANENT SPEED DISTURBANCE AT
HIGHWAY BOTTLENECK AND NUCLEATION OF TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN
. 100
3.4.5 EMPIRICAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) ASYMMETRIC
SPATIOTEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF NUCLEI FOR TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN
. 104
3.5 WAVES IN FREE FLOW AND EMPIRICAL SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN IN FLOW WITHOUT TRUCKS
.
107
3.6 INDUCED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN*EMPIRICAL PROOF
OF NUCLEATION NATURE OF EMPIRICAL TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN.
107
3.6.1 SOURCES OF NUCLEUS FOR EMPIRICAL TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN
. 108
3.6.2 INDUCED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AS ONE OF DIFFERENT
CONSEQUENCES OF SPILLOVER IN REAL TRAFFIC
.
116
3.7 EMPIRICAL NUCLEATION NATURE OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
AS ORIGIN OF THE INFINITY OF HIGHWAY CAPACITIES
.
117
3.8
CONCLUSIONS.
120
REFERENCES.
121
4 FAILURE OF GENERALLY ACCEPTED CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW T HEORIES
.
123
4.1
INTRODUCTION.
123
4.2 FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM OF TRAFFIC FLOW
.
125
4.2.1 EMPIRICAL FEATURES OF FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM OF
TRAFFIC
FLOW.
125
4.2.2 APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM FOR TRAFFIC
FLOW
MODELLING.
128
4.3 TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK IN
LIGHTHILL-WHITHAM-RICHARDS (LWR) MODEL
.
128
4.3.1 BASIC ASSUMPTION OF LWR MODEL
.
128
4.3.2 ACHIEVEMENTS OF LWR THEORY IN DESCRIPTION OF
TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
.
129
4.3.3 FAILURE OF LWR THEORY IN EXPLANATION
OF EMPIRICAL NUCLEATION NATURE OF TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN
. 131
4.4 DESCRIPTION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN WITH GENERAL MOTORS
(GM) MODEL CLASS
.
134
4.4.1 CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW INSTABILITY: GROWING WAVE
OF LOCAL SPEED REDUCTION IN TRAFFIC FLOW DUE
TO OVER-DECELERATION EFFECT .
134
4.4.2 *BOOMERANG* EFFECT
.
136
4.4.3 MOVING JAM EMERGENCE AT BOTTLENECK . 139
4.5 ACHIEVEMENTS OF GENERALLY ACCEPTED CLASSICAL
TRAFFIC M
ODELS.
140
4.5.1 METASTABILITY OF FREE FLOW WITH RESPECT TO
MOVING JAM EMERGENCE AND LINE
J
.
141
4.5.2 DRIVER BEHAVIORAL ASSUMPTIONS
.
147
4.6 SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW
M
ODELS.
148
4.7 WHY ARE GENERALLY ACCEPTED CLASSICAL TWO-PHASE TRAFFIC
FLOW MODELS INCONSISTENT WITH FEATURES OF REAL TRAFFIC?
.
149
4.8 MODEL VALIDATION WITH EMPIRICAL D
ATA. 151
4.9 APPLICATIONS OF CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW THEORIES FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS)
.
154
4.9.1 SIMULATIONS OF ITS PERFORMANCE
.
154
4.9.2 ON-RAMP METERING
. 156
4.9.3 EFFECT OF AUTOMATIC DRIVING ON TRAFFIC FLOW
.
157
4.10 CLASSICAL UNDERSTANDING OF STOCHASTIC HIGHWAY CAPACITY
.
159
4.11 STRICT BELIEF IN CLASSICAL THEORIES AS REASON FOR DEFECTIVE
ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL TRAFFIC PHENOMENA
. 163
4.11.1 A POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF FAILURE OF CLASSICAL TRAFFIC
FLOW MODELS
. 163
4.11.2 CAPACITY D
ROP. 165
4.11.3 MACROSCOPIC FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM
.
167
4.11.4 BOOMERANG EFFECT, HOMOGENEOUS CONGESTED
TRAFFIC, AND DIAGRAM OF CONGESTED TRAFFIC STATES
.
168
4.11.5 DRIVER BEHAVIORAL ASSUMPTIONS
.
170
4.12
CONCLUSIONS.
172
REFERENCES.
173
5 THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE*THE
THREE-PHASE
THEORY.
187
5.1 INTRODUCTION*DEFINITION OF STOCHASTIC HIGHWAY CAPACITY
.
187
5.2 THE BASIC ASSUMPTION OF THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC THEORY
.
191
5.3 QUALITATIVE THEORY OF CRITICAL NUCLEUS FOR TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
.
192
5.3.1 PERMANENT SPEED DISTURBANCE AT BOTTLENECK
.
192
5.3.2 CRITICAL NUCLEUS AT LOCATION OF PERMANENT SPEED
DISTURBANCE.
194
5.3.3 DEPENDENCE OF CRITICAL NUCLEUS ON FLOW R A TE
.
196
5.3.4 ^-CHARACTERISTIC FOR TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN.
199
5.4 PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
. 200
5.4.1 THEORETICAL PROBABILITY OF SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN
.
200
5.4.2 THEORETICAL ^-CHARACTERISTIC FOR TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
.
202
5.4.3 FLOW-RATE DEPENDENCE OF CHARACTERISTICS
OF SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
.
204
5.4.4 TIME-DELAYED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
AND CALCULATION OF BREAKDOWN PROBABILITY
AT BOTTLENECK
.
207
5.4.5 EFFECT OF NUMBER OF SIMULATION REALIZATIONS
ON THRESHOLD FLOW RATE AND MAXIMUM HIGHWAY
CAPACITY.
210
5.4.6 MEAN TIME DELAY FOR OCCURRENCE OF TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN.
211
5.4.7 DEFINITION AND PHYSICAL MEANING OF THRESHOLD
FLOW RATE FOR SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
.
212
5.4.8 DEFINITION AND PHYSICAL MEANING OF MAXIMUM
HIGHWAY CAPACITY OF FREE FLOW AT BOTTLENECK
.
213
5.4.9 SUMMARY OF PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
214
5.5 INDUCED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK IN EMPIRICAL
TRAFFIC DATA AND NUMERICAL
SIMULATIONS. 214
5.6 LARGE FLUCTUATIONS IN FREE FLOW: MINIMUM HIGHWAY
CAPACITY AS THRESHOLD FLOW RATE FOR SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
. 216
5.7 STOCHASTIC MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM HIGHWAY CAPACITIES. 217
5.8 COMPETITION OF DRIVER OVER-ACCELERATION AND DRIVER SPEED
ADAPTATION: A QUALITATIVE MODEL
. 220
5.9 DRIVER SPEED ADAPTATION
.
221
5.9.1 TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) SYNCHRONIZED FLOW STATES
.
221
5.9.2 SPEED ADAPTATION EFFECT WITHIN 2D-STATES
OF SYNCHRONIZED FLOW
.
226
5.9.3 ABOUT MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF 2D-STATES
OF SYNCHRONIZED FLOW
.
227
5.10 DRIVER
OVER-ACCELERATION.
231
5.10.1 HYPOTHESIS ABOUT DISCONTINUOUS CHARACTER
OF OVER-ACCELERATION
.
231
5.10.2 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF OVER-ACCELERATION
EFFECT ON SINGLE-LANE ROAD
.
235
5.10.3 MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF OVER-ACCELERATION
EFFECT DUE TO LANE CHANGING
.
237
5.11 MICROSCOPIC STOCHASTIC FEATURES OF S-F INSTABILITY AWAY
OF BOTTLENECKS
.
240
5.12 MICROSCOPIC STOCHASTIC FEATURES OF S- F INSTABILITY
AT
BOTTLENECK.
244
5.12.1 *SPEED PEAK**LOCAL SPEED DISTURBANCE
IN SYNCHRONIZED FLOW AT BOTTLENECK INITIATING
S- F INSTABILITY
.
245
5.12.2 S-F INSTABILITY: GROWING SPEED WAVE OF LOCAL
INCREASE IN SPEED IN SYNCHRONIZED FLOW
AT
BOTTLENECK.
248
5.12.3 DISSOLVING SPEED WAVE OF LOCAL INCREASE
IN SPEED WITHIN SYNCHRONIZED FLOW AT BOTTLENECK
.
251
5.12.4 NUCLEATION NATURE OF S-F INSTABILITY
.
255
5.13 S-*F INSTABILITY AS ORIGIN OF NUCLEATION NATURE OF TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
.
256
5.13.1 MICROSCOPIC NATURE OF PERMANENT LOCAL SPEED
DISTURBANCE IN FREE FLOW AT BOTTLENECK. 257
5.13.2 SEQUENCE OF F-S-F TRANSITIONS AT BOTTLENECK
.
257
5.13.3 NATURE OF RANDOM TIME DELAY OF TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
.
259
5.14 EXPLANATION OF EMPIRICAL FEATURES OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT
BOTTLENECK WITH THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
262
5.14.1 NUCLEATION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT ROAD
BOTTLENECK IN TRAFFIC FLOW WITH MOVING BOTTLENECK . 263
5.14.2 FEATURES OF FLOW-RATE DEPENDENCE OF PROBABILITY
OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT BOTTLENECK
.
266
5.15 CONCLUSIONS: DRIVER BEHAVIORS EXPLAINING NUCLEATION
NATURE OF REAL TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT HIGHWAY BOTTLENECKS
.
271
REFERENCES.
273
6 EFFECT OF AUTOMATIC DRIVING ON PROBABILITY OF BREAKDOWN IN
TRAFFIC NETWORKS
.
275
6.1
INTRODUCTION.
275
6.2 OPERATING POINTS AND STRING STABILITY OF ADAPTIVE CRUISE
CONTROL (ACC)
.
276
6.3 DECREASE IN PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN THROUGH
AUTOMATIC DRIVING VEHICLES
.
280
6.4 DETERIORATION OF PERFORMANCE OF TRAFFIC SYSTEM THROUGH
AUTOMATIC DRIVING VEHICLES
.
287
6.5 CONCLUSIONS
.
294
REFERENCES.
294
7 FUTURE AUTOMATIC DRIVING BASED ON THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
297
7.1
INTRODUCTION.
297
7.2 AUTOMATIC DRIVING BASED ON THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
.
298
7.2.1 INFINITE NUMBER OF OPERATING POINTS FOR GIVEN
SPEED OF AUTOMATIC DRIVING VEHICLE
.
298
7.2.2 ABOUT DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF AUTOMATIC DRIVING
VEHICLE BASED ON THREE-PHASE THEORY . 300
7.3 DRIVER BEHAVIORS FACILITATING FREE FLOW
.
302
7.4 CONCLUSIONS
.
305
REFERENCES.
306
8 THE REASON FOR INCOMMENSURABILITY OF THREE-PHASE THEORY
WITH CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW T
HEORIES. 307
8.1
INTRODUCTION.
307
8.2 CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW INSTABILITY VERSUS S-F INSTABILITY OF
THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
309
8.3 MOVING JAM EMERGENCE IN CLASSICAL THEORIES
AND THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
310
8.3.1 EMPIRICAL METASTABILITY OF FREE FLOW WITH
RESPECT TO F- J TRANSITION.
310
8.3.2 PROBABILITY OF SPONTANEOUS F- J TRANSITIONS AT
ON-RAMP BOTTLENECK IN TWO-PHASE MODEL
.
315
8.3.3 S- J TRANSITION IN TWO-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE
TRAFFIC FLOW
MODELS. 318
8.4 GENERAL CONGESTED PATTERNS RESULTING FROM SEQUENCE
OF TWO DIFFERENT TIME-DELAYED TRANSITIONS IN THREE-PHASE
M
ODELS.
325
8.4.1 F- S- J TRANSITIONS
.
325
8.4.2 COMPLEXITY OF PHASE TRANSITIONS IN VEHICULAR TRAFFIC . 329
8.5 THE FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT FOR RELIABILITY OF ITS
.
332
8.6 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY OF CRITICAL NUCLEI REQUIRED FOR
PHASE
TRANSITIONS.
337
8.7 INDUCED F- J TRANSITIONS IN THREE-PHASE AND TWO-PHASE
TRAFFIC FLOW M ODELS
.
340
8.7.1 INDUCED F-* J TRANSITION AT ON-RAMP BOTTLENECK
IN TWO-PHASE M ODEL
.
340
8.7.2 INDUCED F-*J TRANSITION AT ON-RAMP BOTTLENECK
IN THREE-PHASE MODEL.
342
8.8 EFFECT OF S-*F INSTABILITY ON NUCLEI FOR TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
AT
BOTTLENECK.
344
8.8.1 INDUCED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN (INDUCED F- S
TRANSITION) AT BOTTLENECK IN THREE-PHASE MODEL
.
344
8.8.2 TWO DIFFERENT *CRITICAL NUCLEI* FOR PHASE
TRANSITIONS IN FREE FLOW AT BOTTLENECK IN
THREE-PHASE
THEORY. 346
8.9 BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS
.
350
8.10 BASIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THREE-PHASE AND TWO-PHASE
TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS
.
354
8.11 STOCHASTIC HIGHWAY CAPACITY: CLASSICAL THEORY VERSUS
THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
358
8.12 CONCLUSIONS
.
361
REFERENCES.
364
9 TIME-DELAYED BREAKDOWN AT TRAFFIC SIGNAL IN CITY TRAFFIC
.
367
9.1 INTRODUCTION*WHEN CAN CLASSICAL TRAFFIC FLOW
THEORIES BE CONSIDERED SPECIAL CASES OF THREE-PHASE
THEORY?
.
367
9.2 TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT SIGNAL IN CLASSICAL THEORY OF CITY
TRAFFIC.
370
9.2.1 VEHICLE QUEUE AT SIGNAL VERSUS WIDE MOVING
JAM IN HIGHWAY TRAFFIC
.
371
9.2.2 *LOST TIME* AND EFFECTIVE GREEN PHASE DURATION
AT
SIGNAL.
373
9.2.3 CLASSICAL SIGNAL CAPACITY
.
378
9.3 TIME-DELAYED BREAKDOWN AT SIGNAL IN TWO-PHASE AND
THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS: AN OVERVIEW.
381
9.3.1 METASTABILITY OF UNDER-SATURATED TRAFFIC AT SIGNAL
.
381
9.3.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TIME-DELAYED TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT
SIGNAL. 382
9.3.3 EFFECT OF LARGE FLUCTUATIONS IN UNDER-SATURATED
TRAFFIC ON TIME-DELAYED TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
AT
SIGNAL.
386
9.3.4 STOCHASTIC MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM SIGNAL
CAPACITIES.
387
9.4 BREAKDOWN OF GREEN WAVE (GW) IN CITY TRAFFIC IN
FRAMEWORK OF THREE-PHASE THEORY
. 388
9.4.1 MODEL OF GW
. 388
9.4.2 TWO BASIC MOVING PATTERNS IN THREE-PHASE
THEORY OF CITY TRAFFIC: MOVING SYNCHRONIZED
PATTERN (MSP) AND MOVING QUEUE
.
390
9.4.3 PHYSICS OF GW BREAKDOWN AT SIGNAL
.
395
9.4.4 PROBABILITY OF GW BREAKDOWN AT SIGNAL
.
399
9.4.5 FLOW-FLOW CHARACTERISTIC OF GW BREAKDOWN
AT
SIGNAL.
400
9.4.6 SPATIOTEMPORAL INTERACTION OF MSPS INDUCED BY
GW PROPAGATION THOUGH SEQUENCE OF CITY
INTERSECTIONS.
401
9.5 EFFECT OF TIME-DEPENDENCE OF ARRIVAL FLOW RATE ON TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT SIGNAL
.
405
9.5.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT
SIGNAL. 406
9.5.2 EMPIRICAL PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT SIGNAL. 408
9.5.3 PHYSICAL REASON FOR DISSOLVING OVER-SATURATED
TRAFFIC AT
SIGNAL. 409
9.6 TWO-PHASE MODELS OF GM MODEL CLASS VERSUS THREE-PHASE
THEORY.
411
9.7 REASONS FOR METASTABLE UNDER-SATURATED TRAFFIC AT SIGNAL
.
415
9.7.1 ARRIVAL FLOW RATE EXCEEDS SATURATION FLOW RATE
DURING GREEN SIGNAL PHASE
.
416
9.7.2 ARRIVAL FLOW RATE IS SMALLER THAN SATURATION
FLOW R
ATE.
420
9.8 *RED WAVE* IN CITY TRAFFIC: CLASSICAL THEORY OF TRAFFIC AT
SIGNAL AS SPECIAL CASE OF THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
431
9.9 CONCLUSIONS
.
435
REFERENCES.
436
10 THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION
SCIENCE*BREAKDOWN MINIMIZATION (BM) PRINCIPLE
.
439
10.1 INTRODUCTION*MOTIVATION FOR BM
PRINCIPLE. 439
10.2 DEFINITION OF BM PRINCIPLE
.
440
10.3 MODEL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS
.
441
10.4 A MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF BM PRINCIPLE
.
442
10.5 CONSTRAIN *ALTERNATIVE NETWORK ROUTES*
. 443
10.6 BASIC APPLICATIONS OF BM
PRINCIPLE. 445
10.7 CONCLUSIONS
.
446
REFERENCES.
447
11 MAXIMIZATION OF NETWORK THROUGHPUT ENSURING FREE FLOW
CONDITIONS IN N ETW
ORK.
449
11.1 INTRODUCTION
.
449
11.2 NETWORK THROUGHPUT MAXIMIZATION APPROACH: THE
MAXIMIZATION OF NETWORK THROUGHPUT BY PREVENTION
OF BREAKDOWN IN
NETWORK. 451
11.3 A PHYSICAL MEASURE OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
NETWORKS*NETWORK CAPACITY
.
452
11.4 THE MAXIMIZATION OF NETWORK THROUGHPUT IN NON-STEADY
STATE OF
NETWORK.
455
11.5 BEHAVIOR OF PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN TRAFFIC AND
TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS
.
456
11.5.1 FLUCTUATIONS IN METASTABLE FREE FLOW
AND SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN AT NETWORK
BOTTLENECKS.
456
11.5.2 PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN NETWORK
UNDER LARGE FREE FLOW FLUCTUATIONS
.
459
11.6 EFFECT OF FLUCTUATIONS ON PREVENTION OF SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN IN
NETWORKS.
460
11.6.1 EMPIRICAL INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWNS IN NETWORKS
.
461
11.6.2 NETWORK THROUGHPUT MAXIMIZATION PREVENTING
SPONTANEOUS BREAKDOWN UNDER SMALL FREE FLOW
FLUCTUATIONS IN NETWORKS
.
463
11.6.3 PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN NETWORK
UNDER SMALL FREE FLOW FLUCTUATIONS
.
464
11.6.4 NETWORK CAPACITY UNDER SMALL FREE FLOW
FLUCTUATIONS.
465
11.6.5 HETEROGENEOUS FREE FLOW FLUCTUATIONS IN NETWORKS . 466
11.6.6 *NON-ISOLATED* TRAFFIC
NETWORKS. 468
11.6.7 PREVENTION OF DISSOLVING OVER-SATURATED TRAFFIC
AT TRAFFIC SIGNALS IN CITY NETWORKS
.
468
11.7
CONCLUSIONS.
469
REFERENCES.
470
12 MINIMIZATION OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN N ETW ORKS
.
473
12.1
INTRODUCTION.
473
12.2 AN EXPLICIT FORMULATION FOR BM PRINCIPLE
.
474
12.3 EMPIRICAL SPONTANEOUS TRAFFIC BREAKDOWNS AS INDEPENDENT
EVENTS IN NETWORK
.
476
12.4 SIMULATIONS OF MINIMUM PROBABILITY OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN
IN NETWORKS
.
480
12.4.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLICATIONS OF BM
PRINCIPLE FOR SIMPLE NETWORK MODEL
.
480
12.4.2 TWO-ROUTE AND THREE-ROUTE SIMPLE NETWORK
MODELS.
481
12.4.3 PROBABILISTIC FEATURES OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN
NETWORKS.
485
12.5 EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF BM PRINCIPLE ON RANDOM TRAFFIC
BREAKDOWN AT NETWORK
BOTTLENECKS. 488
12.6 TRAFFIC CONTROL IN FRAMEWORK OF THREE-PHASE THEORY
.
491
12.6.1 CONGESTED PATTERN CONTROL APPROACH
.
491
12.6.2 ANCONA ON-RAMP METERING. 494
12.6.3 ENFORCING SYNCHRONIZED FLOW UNDER HEAVY
TRAFFIC
CONGESTION. 500
12.7 CONCLUSIONS
.
500
REFERENCES.
501
13 DETERIORATION OF TRAFFIC SYSTEM THROUGH STANDARD DYNAMIC
TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT IN N ETW ORKS
.
503
13.1 INTRODUCTION*WARDROP*S USER EQUILIBRIUM (UE)
AND SYSTEM OPTIMUM (SO)
. 503
13.2 BM PRINCIPLE VERSUS WARDROP*S EQUILIBRIA: GENERAL RESULTS
.
505
13.3 FACILITATION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN NETWORKS THROUGH THE
USE OF WARDROP*S U E
. 508
13.3.1 WARDROP*S UE IN SIMPLE NETWORK MODELS
.
508
13.3.2 DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT WITH CONGESTED
PATTERN CONTROL APPROACH
.
514
13.3.3 DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT UNDER
TIME-INDEPENDENT TOTAL NETWORK INFLOW RATE
.
517
13.3.4 DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT UNDER
TIME-DEPENDENT TOTAL NETWORK INFLOW RATE
.
518
13.4 FACILITATION OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN NETWORKS THROUGH THE
USE OF WARDROP*S S O
. 519
13.5 CONTROL OF TRAFFIC BREAKDOWN IN NETWORKS: WARDROP*S UE
VERSUS BM
PRINCIPLE.
523
13.6
CONCLUSIONS.
526
REFERENCES.
528
14 DISCUSSION OF FUTURE DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT AND CONTROL
IN
NETWORKS.
533
14.1
INTRODUCTION.
533
14.2 THE NECESSITY OF APPLICATIONS OF BM PRINCIPLE
.
534
14.3 BENEFITS OF APPLICATIONS OF BM PRINCIPLE
.
536
14.4 CHOICE OF THRESHOLD FOR CONSTRAIN *ALTERNATIVE NETWORK
ROUTES (PATHS)* IN APPLICATIONS OF BM PRINCIPLE
.
537
14.5 POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF BM PRINCIPLE FOR REAL TRAFFIC AND
TRANSPORTATION
NETWORKS.
538
14.5.1 APPLICATIONS OF NETWORK THROUGHPUT
MAXIMIZATION APPROACH.
539
14.5.2 POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF BM PRINCIPLE UNDER
SUBSEQUENT INCREASE IN TOTAL NETWORK INFLOW RATE
.
540
14.5.3 ABOUT FUTURE CONTROL OF HEAVY TRAFFIC
CONGESTION IN
NETWORKS. 541
14.6
CONCLUSIONS.
542
15 CONCLUSIONS AND O
UTLOOK.
543
15.1 EMPIRICAL FUNDAMENTAL OF TRANSPORTATION
SCIENCE. 544
15.2 THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE
.
545
15.2.1 THE THREE-PHASE TRAFFIC THEORY
.
545
15.2.2 THE BREAKDOWN MINIMIZATION (BM) PRINCIPLE
.
547
15.3 FAILURE OF CLASSICAL TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION THEORIES
.
548
15.4 PARADIGM SHIFT IN TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE
.
550
15.5 CHALLENGES FOR TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE
.
550
A KEMER-KLENOV STOCHASTIC MICROSCOPIC MODEL IN FRAMEWORK
OF THREE-PHASE
THEORY.
553
A.L
MOTIVATION.
555
A.2 DISCRETE MODEL VERSION
.
557
A.3 UPDATE RULES OF VEHICLE MOTION IN ROAD LANE IN MODEL OF
IDENTICAL DRIVERS AND VEHICLES
.
558
A.3.1 SYNCHRONIZATION SPACE GAP AND HYPOTHETICAL
STEADY STATES OF SYNCHRONIZED FLOW
.
559
A.3.2 MODEL SPEED
FLUCTUATIONS. 560
A.3.3 STOCHASTIC TIME DELAYS OF ACCELERATION
AND
DECELERATION.
561
A.3.4 SIMULATIONS OF SLOW-TO-START
RULE. 562
A.3.5 SAFE
SPEED.
563
A.3.6 BOUNDARY AND INITIAL CONDITIONS
.
564
A.4 PHYSICAL MEANING OF STATE OF VEHICLE MOTION
.
565
A.5 LANE CHANGING RULES FOR TWO-LANE R
OAD. 566
A.6 MODELS OF ROAD BOTTLENECKS
.
567
A.6.1 ON-, OFF-RAMP, AND MERGE BOTTLENECKS
.
567
A.6.2 MOVING BOTTLENECK
.
568
A.6.3 MODELS OF VEHICLE MERGING AT BOTTLENECKS
.
568
A.6.4 ACC-VEHICLE MERGING AT ON-RAMP BOTTLENECK. 571
A.7 STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF *STRONG* AND *WEAK* SPEED
ADAPTATION.
572
A.7.1 SIMULATION OF DRIVER SPEED ADAPTATION EFFECT. 572
A.7.2 STOCHASTIC DRIVER*S CHOICE OF SPACE GAP IN
SYNCHRONIZED FLOW
.
574
A.7.3 *JAM-ABSORPTION*
EFFECT. 576
A.8 SIMULATION APPROACHES TO OVER-ACCELERATION EFFECT
.
578
A.8.1 IMPLICIT SIMULATION OF OVER-ACCELERATION EFFECT
THROUGH DRIVER ACCELERATION. 579
A.8.2 SIMULATION OF OVER-ACCELERATION EFFECT THROUGH
COMBINATION OF LANE CHANGING TO FASTER LANE
AND RANDOM DRIVER ACCELERATION. 579
A.8.3 *BOUNDARY* OVER-ACCELERATION.
579
A.8.4 EXPLICIT SIMULATION OF OVER-ACCELERATION EFFECT
THROUGH LANE CHANGING TO FASTER LANE. 580
A.9 A MARKOV CHAIN: SEQUENCE OF NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS
OF
MODEL.
582
A.9.1 VEHICLES MOVING OUTSIDE MERGING REGIONS OF
BOTTLENECKS.
582
A.9.2 VEHICLES MOVING WITHIN MERGING REGIONS OF
BOTTLENECKS.
585
A. 10 MODEL OF HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC FLOW
.
588
A. 10.1 VEHICLE MOTION ON SINGLE-LANE ROAD
.
589
A. 10.2 LANE CHANGING RULES IN MODEL OF TWO-LANE ROAD
.
591
A. 10.3 BOUNDARY, INITIAL CONDITIONS, AND MODELS OF
BOTTLENECKS.
594
A. 11 REALISTIC HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC F LOW
. 595
A.11.1 DEPENDENCE OF FREE FLOW SPEED ON SPACE G AP . 595
A.11.2 SIMULATIONS OF TRAFFIC PATTERNS ON REALISTIC
THREE-LANE HIGHWAY
.
595
A.11.3 UPDATE RULES OF VEHICLE MOTION IN ROAD LANE
.
598
A.11.4 LANE CHANGING RULES ON THREE-LANE ROAD
.
599
A.11.5 MODELS OF ON- AND OFF-RAMP BOTTLENECKS ON
THREE-LANE ROAD
.
601
A.11.6 SOME RESULTS OF SIMULATIONS
.
603
A. 12 TRAFFIC FLOW MODEL FOR CITY TRAFFIC
.
606
A.12.1 ADAPTATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS FOR CITY TRAFFIC. 606
A. 12.2 RULES OF VEHICLE M OTION
.
606
A. 12.3 REDUCTION OF THREE-PHASE MODEL TO TWO-PHASE
M
ODEL.
608
REFERENCES.
609
B KERNER-KLENOV-SCHRECKENBERG-WOLF (KKSW) CELLULAR
AUTOMATON (CA) THREE-PHASE M O D
EL. 611
B. L
MOTIVATION.
611
B.2 RULES OF VEHICLE MOTION IN KKSW CA M ODEL
.
612
B.3 MODELS OF BOTTLENECKS FOR KKSW CA M ODEL
.
618
B. 3.1 ON- AND OFF-RAMP BOTTLENECKS
.
618
B.3.2 VEHICLE MOTION RULES IN MERGING REGION
OF
BOTTLENECKS.
619
B.4 COMPARISON OF KKSW CA MODEL WITH
NAGEL-SCHRECKENBERG CA M ODEL
.
622
REFERENCES.
623
C DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT BASED ON W ARDROP*S UE WITH
STEP-BY-STEP METHOD
.
625
REFERENCE.
627
G
LOSSARY.
629
INDEX.
645 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kerner, Boris S. |
| author_facet | Kerner, Boris S. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kerner, Boris S. |
| author_variant | b s k bs bsk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044242777 |
| classification_rvk | RB 10768 ZH 9348 ZO 3100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1005708441 (DE-599)DNB1124926119 |
| dewey-full | 624 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 624 - Civil engineering |
| dewey-raw | 624 |
| dewey-search | 624 |
| dewey-sort | 3624 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Architektur Bauingenieurwesen Geographie Verkehr / Transport |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044242777 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-09T13:02:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065168780 |
| isbn | 9783662544716 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029648081 |
| oclc_num | 1005708441 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-706 DE-83 DE-703 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-706 DE-83 DE-703 DE-384 |
| physical | xxix, 652 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kerner, Boris S. Verfasser aut Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science Boris S. Kerner Berlin, Germany Springer [2017] xxix, 652 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Verkehrsplanung (DE-588)4062954-5 gnd rswk-swf Verkehrsaufkommen (DE-588)4187799-8 gnd rswk-swf Verkehrsablauf (DE-588)4062902-8 gnd rswk-swf Verkehrssystem (DE-588)4187835-8 gnd rswk-swf Verkehrsstau (DE-588)4272352-8 gnd rswk-swf Verkehrspolitik (DE-588)4062955-7 gnd rswk-swf TNH Highway, City and Urban Vehicular Traffic Intelligent Transportation Systems Spatiotemporal Traffic Dynamics Three-Phase Traffic Flow Models Traffic Congestion and Bottlenecks Transportation Networks Verkehrssystem (DE-588)4187835-8 s Verkehrsablauf (DE-588)4062902-8 s Verkehrsstau (DE-588)4272352-8 s DE-604 Verkehrsplanung (DE-588)4062954-5 s Verkehrspolitik (DE-588)4062955-7 s Verkehrsaufkommen (DE-588)4187799-8 s Springer-Verlag GmbH (DE-588)1065168780 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, eBook 978-3-662-54473-0 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3ba7dc3398e34efa8490b72123378f30&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext X:MVB http://www.springer.com/ DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029648081&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kerner, Boris S. Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science Verkehrsplanung (DE-588)4062954-5 gnd Verkehrsaufkommen (DE-588)4187799-8 gnd Verkehrsablauf (DE-588)4062902-8 gnd Verkehrssystem (DE-588)4187835-8 gnd Verkehrsstau (DE-588)4272352-8 gnd Verkehrspolitik (DE-588)4062955-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4062954-5 (DE-588)4187799-8 (DE-588)4062902-8 (DE-588)4187835-8 (DE-588)4272352-8 (DE-588)4062955-7 |
| title | Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science |
| title_auth | Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science |
| title_exact_search | Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science |
| title_full | Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science Boris S. Kerner |
| title_fullStr | Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science Boris S. Kerner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science Boris S. Kerner |
| title_short | Breakdown in traffic networks |
| title_sort | breakdown in traffic networks fundamentals of transportation science |
| title_sub | fundamentals of transportation science |
| topic | Verkehrsplanung (DE-588)4062954-5 gnd Verkehrsaufkommen (DE-588)4187799-8 gnd Verkehrsablauf (DE-588)4062902-8 gnd Verkehrssystem (DE-588)4187835-8 gnd Verkehrsstau (DE-588)4272352-8 gnd Verkehrspolitik (DE-588)4062955-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verkehrsplanung Verkehrsaufkommen Verkehrsablauf Verkehrssystem Verkehrsstau Verkehrspolitik |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3ba7dc3398e34efa8490b72123378f30&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.springer.com/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029648081&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kernerboriss breakdownintrafficnetworksfundamentalsoftransportationscience AT springerverlaggmbh breakdownintrafficnetworksfundamentalsoftransportationscience |