The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Bonn
Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung
2016
|
| Series: | Ecology and development series
No. 98, 2016 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 169 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9783940124517 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Tashi, Sonam |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1084353547 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan |c Sonam Tashi |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bonn |b Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a 169 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Ecology and development series |v No. 98, 2016 | |
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn |d 2016 | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biologische Landwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4069484-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1806960396739805184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
AND
BACKGROUND
.
1
1.1
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.2
BACKGROUND
AND
RATIONALE
.
2
1.3
OBJECT
IVES
.
5
1.4
OUTLINE
OF
THE
STUDY
.
7
2
ORGANIC
FARMING.
8
2.1
INTRODUCTION
.
8
2.2
ORGANIC
FARMING
-
DEFINITIONS
AND
HISTORY
.
8
2.3
CRITICISMS
OF
ORGANIC
FARMING
.
11
2.4
GROSS
NATIONAL
HAPPINESS
AND
ORGANIC
FARMING
IN
BHUTAN
.
12
2.5
STRATEGIES
FOR
FULL
CONVERSION
TO
AN
ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
COUNTRY
.
14
2.6
CURRENT
SCENARIO
OF
ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
IN
BHUTAN
.
16
2.6.1
QUESTIONS
AND
CHALLENGES
OF
GOING
FULLY
ORGANIC
.
18
2.7
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
AGRICULTURE
-
SYSTEMS
COMPARISON
.
18
2.7.1
SOLL
NUTRIENTS
.
19
2.7.2
CROPYIELD
.
22
2.7.3
ECONOMICS
.
25
2.8
PERILS
AND
CONSENSUS
FROM
COMPARATIVE
SYSTEMS
STUDIES
.
27
2.9
IS
MIDDLE
PATH
POSSIBLE?
.
28
3
PADDY
PRODUCTION
IN
BHUTAN
.
30
3.1
INTRODUCTION
.
30
3.2
BHUTAN
BACKGROUND
.
30
3.3
PADDY
(ORYZA
SATIVA
)
CULTIVATION
IN
BHUTAN
.
31
3.4
PADDY
PRODUCTION
CONSTRAINTS
.
35
3.4.1
PADDY
VARIETIES
.
35
3.4.2
SOLL
NUTRIENT
MANAGEMENT
.
36
3.4.3
PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
.
38
3.4.4
PLANT
PROTECTION
.
39
3.4.5
IRRIGATION
.
40
3.5
COST
OF
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
42
3.6
PADDY
PRODUCTION
MECHANIZATION
.
43
4
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
.
45
4.1
STUDY
SITES
.
45
4.1.1
DESCRIPTION
OF
STUDY
SITES
FOR
SOLL
SAMPLE
AND
CROP
YIELD
DATA
.
45
4.1.2
SOIL
SAMPLE
COLLECTION
.
49
4.1.3
SOIL
NUTRIENT
CONTENT
AND
SOIL
PROPERTIES
ANALYSIS
.
49
4.1.4
PADDY
YIELD
ASSESSMENT
.
51
4.1.5
FARM
ECONOMICS
.
52
4.2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
SURVEY
.
53
4.2.1
DESCRIPTION
OF
STUDY
SITES
AND
SAMPLE
SIZE
FOR
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
SURVEY
.
53
4.2.2
EXPERT
GROUP
DISCUSSION
.
55
4.3
DATA
ANALYSIS
.
55
5
RESULTS
.
57
5.1
SOIL
ANALYSIS
.
57
5.1.1
SOIL
NUTRIENT
LEVELS
AND
OTHER
SOIL
PROPERTIES
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
FIELDS
IN
THREE
AEZS.
57
5.2
PADDY
YIELD
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS
.
62
5.2.1
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
YIELDS
IN
THREE
AEZS
.
62
5.3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
AND
PRODUCTION
RELATED
STUDY
ANALYSES
.
64
5.3.1
BACKGROUND
OF
THE
RESPONDENTS
.
64
5.3.2
GENDER
INVOLVEMENT
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
65
5.3.3
HAPPINESS
AMONG
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
FARMERS
.
67
5.3.4
CAREER
AND
LIVELIHOOD
ALTERNATIVES
OF
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
FARMERS
.
67
5.4
ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
OF
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
68
5.4.1
VARIABLE
COSTS
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
68
5.4.2
COMPARISON
OF
COSTS
AND
RETURNS
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
.
69
5.4.3
IRRIGATION
ADEQUACY
AND
CROPPING
IN
PADDY
FIELDS
AND
ON
THE
LEVEES
.
70
5.4.4
WEED,
PEST
AND
DISEASE
PRESSURE
.
71
5.5
ORGANIC
FARMING
SWOT
ANALYSIS
BY
EXPERTS
GROUP
.
72
5.5.1
STRENGTHS
AND
WEAKNESSES
.
72
5.5.2
OPPORTUNITIES
AND
THREATS
.
72
5.5.3
PROMOTION
OF
OA
AND
TRANSITIONING
TO
FULLY
OA
.
72
6
DISCUSSION
.
74
6.1
SOIL
CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS
.
74
6.1.1
SOIL
NUTRIENT
LEVELS
AND
OTHER
SOIL
PROPERTIES
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
FIELDS
IN
THREE
AEZS
.
74
6.2
PADDY
YIELD
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS
.
77
6.2.1
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
YIELDS
IN
THREE
AEZS.
77
6.3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
AND
PRODUCTION
RELATED
STUDY
ANALYSES
.
80
6.3.1
BACKGROUND
OF
THE
RESPONDENTS
.
80
6.3.2
GENDER
INVOLVEMENT
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
80
6.3.3
HAPPY
AS
ORGANIC
OR
CONVENTIONAL
FARMERS?
.
81
6.3.4
CAREER
AND
LIVELIHOOD
PREFERENCES
OF
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
FARMERS
.
82
6.4 ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
OF
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
83
6.4.1
COMPARISON
OF
VARIABLE
COSTS
OF
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
PRODUCTION
.
83
6.4.2
COMPARISON
OF
COSTS
AND
RETURNS
BETWEEN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
84
6.4.3
IRRIGATION
ADEQUACY
AND
ADDITIONAL
CROPPING
IN
PADDY
FIELDS
AND
ON
THE
LEVEES
.
86
6.4.4
WEED,
PEST
AND
DISEASE
PRESSURE
.
87
6.5
ORGANIC
FARM
SWOT
ANALYSES
BY
EXPERTS'
GROUP
.
89
6.5.1
STRENGTHS
AND
WEAKNESSES.
89
6.5.2
OPPORTUNITIES
AND
THREATS
.
90
6.5.3
PROMOTION
OF
OA
AND
TRANSITIONING
TO
A
FULLY
ORGANICALLY
FARMING
COUNTRY
.
92
7
PROSPECTS
OF
ORGANIC
FARMING
IN
BHUTAN
-
SOME
FINAL
PERSPECTIVES
.
94
7.1
INTRODUCTION
.
94
7.2
PROSPECTS
ANALYSIS
.
94
7.3
STRENGTHS
AND
OPPORTUNITIES
.
96
7.3.1 BIOPHYSICAL
CONDITIONS
.
96
7.3.2
SOUND
POLITICAL
SYSTEM
AND
RIEH
NATURAL
RESOURCES
.
97
7.3.3
SMALLHOLDER
FARMS
AND
ORGANIC-BY-DEFAULT
.
98
7.3.4
GROWING
MARKET
AND
AWARENESS
.
99
7.3.5
SYNERGY
OF
FAVORABLE
CONDITIONS
AND
SUPPORT
.
100
7.4
THREATS
AND
CHALLENGES
.
100
7.4.1
FOOD
SELF-SUFFICIENCY
AND
SECURITY
SCARE
.
100
7.4.2 WEEDS,
PESTS
AND
DISEASES
INCIDENCES
.
104
7.4.3
LIMITED
SOURCES
OF
ORGANIC
FERTILIZERS
.
106
7.4.4
LACK
OF
CLARITY
IN
POLICY
.
107
7.5
MISSING
LINK
IN
DEBATE
ON
PROMOTION
OF
ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
.
108
7.6
SUGGESTED
INTERVENTIONS
AND
WAY
FORWARD
.
109
7.6.1
TRAINING
AND
CREATION
OF
MORE
AWARENESS
.
110
7.6.2
STRENGTHEN
THE
ORGANIC
MARKET
.
111
7.6.3
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
.
113
7.7
OTHER
INTERVENTIONS
.
114
8
CONCLUSIONS
.
116
9
REFERENCES
.
118
10
APPENDICES
.
135
10.1
APPENDIX
1:
FOUR
PRINCIPLES
OF
ORGANIC
FARMING
.
135
10.2
APPENDIX
2:
FERTILIZER
RECOMMENDATION
FOR
PADDY
IN
SELECTED
REGION
.
135
10.3
APPENDIX
3:
WATER
DEPTH
FOR
DIFFERENT
GROWTH
STAGES
OF
PADDY
CROP
.
136
10.4
APPENDIX
4:
METHODS
USED
FOR
THE
ANALYSIS
OF
VARIOUS
SOIL
PARAMETERS
.
136
10.5
APPENDIX
5A:
QUESTIONNAIRE
FORM
NUMBER
-
ONE
(A)
-
ORGANIC
FARMING
.
137
10.6
APPENDIX
5B:
QUESTIONNAIRE
FORM
NUMBER
-
ONE
(B)
-
CONVENTIONAL
FARMING
.
152
10.7
APPENDIX
6:
LIST
OF
EXPERTS
INVOLVED
IN
EXPERTS'
GROUP
DISCUSSION
AND
INTERVIEWS
.
163
10.8
APPENDIX
7:
SWOT
ANALYSIS
.
164
10.9
APPENDIX
8:
SUMMARY
OF
THE
METHODS
USED
IN
THE
STUDY
.
165
10.10
APPENDIX
9A:
INTERPRETATION
OF
SOIL
ANALYSES
(SPAL)
.
166
10.11
APPENDIX
9B:
IDEAL
BULK
DENSITIES
OF
VARIOUS
SOIL
TEXTURES
.
166
10.12
APPENDIX
10
A:
SOIL
NUTRIENTS
AND
OTHER
PROPERTIES
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
FIELDS
IN
THE
HIGH
AEZ
(BUMTHANG
AND
PARO
DISTRICTS)
(2012
AND
2013)
.
167
10.13
APPENDIX
10B:
SOIL
NUTRIENTS
AND
OTHER
PROPERTIES
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
FIELDS
IN
THE
MID
AEZ
(PUNAKHA
AND
TSIRANG
DISTRICTS)
(2012
AND
2013)
.
168
10.14
APPENDIX
10C:
SOIL
NUTRIENTS
AND
OTHER
PROPERTIES
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
PADDY
FIELDS
IN
THE
LOW
AEZ
(MONGAR
AND
SAMTSE
DISTRICTS)
(2012
AND
2013)
.
169 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Bhutan (DE-588)4006397-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bhutan |
| id | DE-604.BV044210751 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:02:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783940124517 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029617035 |
| oclc_num | 975239659 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 169 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ecology and development series |
| series2 | Ecology and development series |
| spelling | Tashi, Sonam Verfasser (DE-588)1084353547 aut The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan Sonam Tashi Bonn Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung 2016 169 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecology and development series No. 98, 2016 Dissertation Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 2016 Biologische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4069484-7 gnd rswk-swf Bhutan (DE-588)4006397-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Bhutan (DE-588)4006397-5 g Biologische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4069484-7 s DE-604 Ecology and development series No. 98, 2016 (DE-604)BV015679114 98 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029617035&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tashi, Sonam The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan Ecology and development series Biologische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4069484-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4069484-7 (DE-588)4006397-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan |
| title_auth | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan |
| title_exact_search | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan |
| title_full | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan Sonam Tashi |
| title_fullStr | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan Sonam Tashi |
| title_full_unstemmed | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan Sonam Tashi |
| title_short | The prospects of organic farming in Bhutan |
| title_sort | the prospects of organic farming in bhutan |
| topic | Biologische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4069484-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biologische Landwirtschaft Bhutan Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029617035&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV015679114 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tashisonam theprospectsoforganicfarminginbhutan |