Between truth and time: a history of Soviet Central Television
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New Haven ; London
Yale University Press
[2016]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Eurasia past and present
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 340 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780300208481 9780300208436 |
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CONTENTS
Preface, ix
Acknowledgments, xiii
Introduction: Stagnation and Experimentation in the
Russian Era of Television, 1
CHAPTER ONE
Not a Mirror but a Magnifying Glass: Soviet
Television Enthusiasm, 21
CHAPTER TWO
Programmnaia Palitiko: Audience Research and the
Creation of the Channel 1 Schedule, 47
CHAPTER THREE
From Café to Contest: New Year's Variety Shows and the
Soviet Festive System, 82
CONTENTS
CHAPTER FOUR
Time and the Problem of Boredom, 115
CHAPTER FIVE
"Spiritual Coauthorship": Seventeen Moments of Spring and the
Soviet TV Minisenes, 150
CHAPTER SIX
"KVN Is an Honest Game": Game Shows and the
Problem of Authority, 1 83
CHAPTER SEVEN
A Dress Rehearsal for Life: Artlofo and What? Where? When?, 216
Epilogue: The Origins of Central Television's Perestroika, 235
Notes, 255
Bibliography, 303
Index, 319
BIBLIOGRAPHY Archives Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF) [State Archive of the Russian Federation] Fond 6903: Gosteleradio SSSR Gosudarstvennoe biudzhetnoe uchrezhdenie, “Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Moskvy” (GBU “TsGA Moskvy”) [State Budgetary Organization, “Central State Archive of Moscow”]. This organization comprises several Moscow City archives, including the Photography archive, formerly the Tsentral’nyi arkhiv elektronnykh i audiovizual’nykh dokumentov Moskvy [Central Archive of Electronic and Audiovisual Documents of Moscow]) Gosudarstvennyi fond televizionnykh i radioprogramm (Gosteleradiofond) [State Fund of Television and Radio Programs] Gosteleradiofond oral history project Television recording collection Otdel khraneniia dokumentov obshchestvenno-politicheskoi istorii Moskvy (OKhDOPIM) [Department for the Preservation of Documents of Moscow’s Social and Political History] Fond 4: Moskovskii gorodskoi komitet KPSS [Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union] Fond 2930: Partiinyi komitet Gosteleradio SSSR [Gosteleradio Party Committee] Rossiiskii gosurdarstvennyi arkhiv literatury i iskusstva (RGALI) [Russian State Archive of Literature and Art] ЗОЗ
BIBLIOGRAPHY Fond 2468: Tsentral’naia kinostudiia detskikh i iunosheskikh fil’mov im. Gorkogo [Gorky Central Film Studio for Children’s and Youth Film] Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv noveishei istorii (RGANI) [Russian State Archive of Contemporary History] Fond 5: Apparat tsentral’nogo komiteta KPSS [Staff of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union] Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii-m (RGASPI-m) [Russian State Archive of Social Political History-Youth] Fond 1: Apparat Tsentral’nogo Komiteta VLKSM (Komsomol) [Staff of the Central Committee of the Young Communist League] Contemporary Newspapers and Periodicals Iskusstvo kino Literaturnaia gazeta Novyi mir Ogonek Pravda Sovetskaia kul’tura Sovetskaia pechat’ Sovetskoe radio i televidenie Televidenie i radioveshchanie Zhurnalist Interviews Aleksandr Drouz, St. Petersburg, 2015 Henrikas louchkiavitchious, Moscow, 2007 Nikolai Mesiatsev, Moscow, 2007 Eduard Sagalaev, Moscow, 2007 Natalya Stetsenko, Moscow, 2015 Websites http:/ / cccp.tv http://www.euscreen.eu/ http://gtrf.ru/ http://tv-80.ru/ http://tvmuseum.ru 3θ4
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INDEX ABBA, 113 Alpatov, Mikhail, 34 Academy of Sciences, International Anderson, Margaret, x Andreeva, Paulina, xi Workers’ Movement Institute, 76 Andronikov, Iraklii, 34, 35-36 Academy of Social Sciences [Akademiia obshchestvennykh naukpri TsKKPSS\, Andropov, Yuri, 173 205-6 Angelina, Pasha, 209 animation, computer, 238, 239 Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, The (serial film), 299147 Anti-Party Group, 38 advertising, 203, 205-8, 209 Adzhubei, Aleksei, 189, 28912 applause meter, 206, 216 Ardamatskii, V, 33 Afghanistan, war in, 236 Arkanov, Arkadii, 220, 223 Afinogenov, A. Z., 160 Aroseva, Ol’ga, 219, 223 Akopov, Aleksandr, 208 art, television and, 26, 45 Aksel’rod, Albert, 187, 188 Artistic Problems of Mass Communications Media, 158 Alexeev, A. A., 29, 188 Artloto, 216, 217-23, 224, 233, 246, 275164, All-Russian State Television and Radio Company (VGTRK), 249 2950116 arts All-Union Radio, 52, 139 All-Union Trade Advertising avant-garde, 11, 14, 21 censorship in, 5 Organization [Soiuztorgreklama\, 205 319
INDEX disengagement of, 15, 70-71, 88—89, arts (continued) 160, 268162 critics of, 27 and cultural shifts, 2-3, 26 engagement of, 3, 50,151-52, 154, l63, 164, 168, 180-82, 208, 212, 238, high status of, 13 local organizations, 41 241, 244-48 European, 21 scheduling programs of, 73 Auction [Au^tsion], 202-8, 215, 237 feedback from, 15, 52-53, 93-94, 98, as advertising medium, 203, 205-8, 209 206, 215, 246 for foreign broadcasts, 47—48 applause meter used in, 206, 216 audience as focus of, 204, 205-6 imagined response of, 143, 160 cancellation of, 207, 248, 295m 14 intellectual level of, 35, 41, 64 creation of, 202-3 live broadcast of, 203—4 letters from, 15, 19, 50-51, 52-53, 55, θθ-67, 77, 87, 89, ioi-2, parallels with democratic politics, 204, i°3 1O5_7 I”, II2 33, ’54, ’93, 194, ’96-97, 200, 205, 213, 218, 219-20, 225, 241, 245-46, 206 prizes in, 205, 206, 207, 229 rules of, 206 266П26 sociological analysis in, 205-6 manipulation of, 81, 85, 117, 142, 186, working-class people featured on, 204, 215, 253, 261П41 mass, appealing to, 69-70, 74-76, 184, 212, 216 audience research, 17, 47-81 187, 268П65 and differentiation, 63—74 measuring responses of, 49-54, 101, 206 end of, 76-77 meetings with, 52, 53, 58 measuring audience response, 49-54, model, or ideal, 50, 51, 53, 77, 101, IOI, 206 265121 rise of prime time, 79-81 sociological surveys and findings, negotiations with, 91 48-49, 54, 58-63, 82, 87, 205-6 television schedule as problem, 48, as participants, 244-48 54-58, 72 weekend programming, 74-76 relationship with, 47, 48, 58, 61, reassessment of, 63-64 140-41 schedule
preferences of, 55-56, 58, 64, audiences aiming to please, 14, 142 all-Union, 4, 23, 41, 48, 52, 58, 94, 193 69, 7°“74, 79 shift from coercion to persuasion of, choices of, 80 concessions to tastes of, 54-55, 69 23, 45, ”9 sizes of, 53 connectivity with, 34, 158, 242, sociological surveys of, 48-49, 54, 244-46, 253 cynicism of, 64 spontaneity of, 30 differentiated, 63-74, 103-6, 109, 114, targeted by program planners, 12, 30, 58-63, 82, 87, 205-6 268165 45, θ3, θ4-7ο, 72, 204-5 320
INDEX and social attitudes, 3, 8, 45, 238 voting by, 8, 14, 18, 184, 206, 208, speeches of, 146, 153 213-15, 221, 248 as TV viewer, 11, 271103 young, 141, 148, 184, 238-39 Brezhnev era audition videos, xi and broadcasting, 47, 49, 236, 237, Auteur Television [Avtorskoe Ulevidenie, 239, 248, 250, 251, 252 ATV], 249 innovation in, 8, 152, 253 authenticity, 21, 33, 43, 149, 177 political disengagement in, 6 authority, questions of, 3, 19, 185 Britikov, Grigorii, 173 avant-garde, 7, 11, 14, 21-22, 26, 223, 251 BRIZ [Biuro po ratsionalizatsii i Balashov, V, 125 izobretatel’stvu, Office for Balikhin, Anatolii, 168 Rationalization and Bardzilova, I. G., 106 Inventiveness], 190, 192, 291136 broadcasting, socialist principles of, BBC, 10,125-26, 134, 239 Before and After Midnight [Do iposle 68-69 polunochi\, 235-41, 243, 245, 300П2, Brussels World Expo (1958), 39, 40, 42, 56 301П16 Bulaev, Alexander, no Bel’dy, Kola, 106, 107 Beliaeva, Eleonora, 105, 106 Caute, David, 22 Benfos, 223 censorship Biriukov, Nikolai, 116, 123-25, 137, 139 in arts and media, 5, 189 Bogomolov, Anatolii, 66, 70, 129 circumvention of, 243 Bogomolov, Yuri, 158 elimination of, 217, 237 Boiko, V V, 125-26, 133 and game shows, 189, 201, 223 Bombard, Alain, 35 and news broadcasts, 118,145 Boney Μ, 113 preproduction, 258154 book publishers, 50 and television, 1, 2, 14-15, 17, 63, 91, 97, 105, in, 189, 218, 223, 233, boredom and audience disinterest, 70-71, 237 Central Committee 88-89, 26816 “On the future development of Soviet in news programs, 18, 63, 116-19, television” (i960), 35, 40-43 126-28, 134, 139-40, 148
and program selection, 66-67 and perestroika, 235 in slower pace, 159-60, 161, 181 Plenums, 84, in, 13g, 146 in stagnation culture, x, 5-6,182 programs dedicated to, 77 television controlled by, 11, 31, 35, 45, Boretskii, Rudol’f, 48, 186, 251 80, 134, 139, 148, 207, 213, 218, Bormann, Martin, 165-66 260120, 270196 Bremener, Mark, 160-61,181 and television industry conferences, Bren, Paulina, 152, 153, 157 Brezhnev, Leonid, x, in, 120 68 134-35 upheaval in, 137 aging of, 7, 109, 171, 182 321
INDEX Central Television, 44 Channel 1 broadcasting by satellite, 4, 59, administration of, 250 247 censorship in, 258154 all-Union broadcasts of, 4, 48, 58 creation of, 48, 68 Channel 2,187 mass-audience identity for, 2691170 conference on problems of television and Olympic Games, 1, 250 and radio news, 123-25 as ORT (1995-2002), 249 continuity announcers [diktory], schedules of, 49, 57, 58, 68-69, 77_79 136 32, 34, 38, 126-28, 133, 147, Chapaev (film), 154, 181 279043 crackdown in, 94—97, 201 Chekhankov, Fedor, 222 creatives [tvoriugi] in, 8, 187 Chernobyl disaster, 235 distinctive features of, 12, 252-53 events planned and staged by, 144 chess competitions, 184-85 and feature films, 155-56 China, Communist Party in, 8 Chiaureli, Mikhail, 170, 175 goals of, 14 Chukovskii, Kornei Ivanovich, 34 “golden age” of, 22 cinema and Gosteleradio, 24-25 and accountability to audiences, 48 government controls over, 260Ш9 audience surveys in, 63-64 ideology workers in, 11, 13-14, 23, 27, competition with, 24 3° 35, 38 journalists on screen, 36-40,126-28, copying from, 42 '47 leadership of, 136-37 lighting, montage, poetic voiceover in, and Moscow Youth Festival, 23, popularity of, 74 difference from television, 22, 31 25, 26, 117 Cinepanorama [Kinopanorama] ,35,75,208 24-27, 36-38,47,186 organization of, 144 Civil War, serials about, 156 and perestroika, 235-37, 239-41, 242, Clark, Katerina, 27 249-50 political experimentation in, x, 7, 13, class prejudices, 12-13 Club of Cine-Travelers [Klub kmoputeshestvennikn] ,~/^, 239 20, 236-37 producers as “players,” 248-53 Club of the Merry
and Resourceful. See KV.N programming by, 20, 23, 49, 66, 98, coercion, 3 shifting to persuasion after Stalin’s I", 139, 236, 252 reforms of, 247-48 regional channels of, 15-16, 187 death, 23, 45, 119 Cold War, 21 roles of, 47 complex diplomatic events in, 147-48, and lime, 115-19, 131-40, 142, 146. See also audiences; Channel 1; game 150 détente in, 6, 182 shows; news programs; Time and the Enlightenment, 22 game shows in, 184 change, possibility of, 8 322
INDEX consumption, 49, 207, 215, 294193 journalists in, 38 women’s decisions about, 210 politics in, 90 continuity announcers \diktory\, 32, 34, Soviet superiority in, 62, 122, 170 38, 126-28, 133, 147, 244, 279043 Soviet vs. Western culture in, 11, 22-23, 24 96-97,120 and stagnant 1970s, 5-9 Council of Ministers, 24 tdemost links in, 246-47 creativity, 7, 29 Thaw in, 136 Crimea, annexation of, x, 1 youth identity in, 208 Cronkite, Walter, 122 creatives [tvoriugi], 8, 187 commercialism, 22 cynicism, 7, 64 communism, society’s progress toward, Czechoslovakia 119-20, 190 game show formats borrowed from, Communist in Our Time, The, 77 it, 28 music of, 223 Communist Party authority of, 4-5, 11, 128, 131,147, 177 Prague Spring, 3, 4, 94, 96, 97, 127, Central Television as conduit for, 11, 140 i35 i37, ’53, ИЗ, 182, 201 television serials in, 152, 155, 157 of China, 8 as cultural vanguard, 50, 52, 117, 123, 240 Daniel, Yulii, 4, 127 de Burgh, Chris, “Lady in Red,” 240 and game shows, 201, 229-30 decision-making, collective, 184, 185, 197 heroes of, 35, 44 deistvo [mass action], 28, 29-31, 251 leadership of, 40, 55, 64, 77, 169-70, Demchenko, Maria, 209 Demidov, Ivan, 250-51 172, 178, 197 officials on screen, 41, 42, 126 democratic authoritarian state, 253 political messages from, 83, 131, democratic proceduralism, x, 20, 216 134-35 portraiture preferred by, 129, 131 Derevitskii, Vladimir, 157 and the Thaw, 91, 128 Detkov, Igor, 240 truthfulness and sincerity of, 43,177 Died, Jaroslav, 152 unfulfilled promises of, 3, 114,118, differentiation, audience, 63-74, 7θ, détente, 6, 182.
See also Cold War 120. 103-6, юр, п4, 268п65 diktory [continuity announcers/news See also Central Committee; Party Congresses anchors], 32, 34, 38, 126-28, 133, computer-animated graphics, 238, 239 147, 244, 2790143 Direct Line with Vladimir Putin [Priamaia Connor, Steven, 8 Constructivism, 30 liniia s Vladimirom Putirym\, 1, 253 consumer demand, management of, 184 consumer goods, Auction as advertising diversity [mnogoobrazie], 240-41 Dmitriev, L., 130-31 for, 203, 205-8, 209 consumer knowledge, 204, 212, 215 documentary films, 25, 116, 117, 118, 42-43, 157, 249 323
INDEX documentary television programs, 18, 27, Lenin’s image absent from, 252 79, 5°, 151, 159 Dodolev, Evgenii, 250 moralizing in, 17, 18-19 domestic settings, limited use of, 13 84 and political content, 63, 81 popular, 14, 50, 73, 74, 83-84, 108, on noncalendrical festive occasions, Donahue, Phil, 246 Donskoi, Mark, 160 Dorman, Veniamin D., 159, 180 Drawing Fire onto Ourselves [Vyzyvaem ogon’ na sebia\. 57, 154-56 238, 244 sanctioned Soviet alternative to Western, 239 Dunaev, Vladimir, 217-18 sports as, 192 Dunaevskii, Isaak, 209 Dvornyi, Boris, 122 too much, 66-67, 9θ unregulated, 252 Eastern Europe youth-oriented, 102-4, I09 112—14, on weekends, 75 game shows as “edutainment” in, 183 239, 241. See also game shows program exchanges with, 9, 153-55, entitlement, 3 239 reflected in miniseries, 172-73 soap operas in, 155-56 Ernst, Konstantin, 1, 250-51 Europe Soviet occupation of, 170, 173, 288176 journalists’ roles in, 39, 40, 42 television in, 9,1I-12, 153, 155 rise of television in, 137 satellite links with, 247 Economic Councils, 38 television audience in, 21 economic growth, zero, 5 economic reform, rejection of, 5 Eurovision song contest, 98 economic themes, programs about, Evening of Merry Questions. See WV 79-8° Edda (Hungarian rock band), 240 “Evening Outside Moscow” (song), 103 Evreinov, Nikolai, 30 Edelman, Robert, 3 Evstigneev, Evgenii, 167-68 educational programs, 68, 75 experimentation, 7, 15,17, 18 in game shows, 83, 208, 216, 223, 253 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 34 in news programs, 116, 117, 128 Eisenstein, Sergei, 27 “Experimentator” (song), 8 Empire of Risk
[Imperiia azarta] (film), Experiment Studio [Studio eksperiment], 249 217-18 Enlightenment, 22 Fall of Berlin, The (film), 170,174-76 entertainment audience preference for, 59, 80, 89, Family Feud (U.S. TV program), 225 Family’s Honor, A, 79 201 and Cold War, 96-97 fanaticism, 172-73, 174, 177, 178 and gift-giving, 92-94 farmers, collective, 35, 41, 55, 75, 120, 121, 140, 209 holiday broadcasting, 82, 84, 90-91 Fere, Georgii, 195, 196 ideological vitality in, 253 324
INDEX Festival Programming Desk, 186 gambling, 217-18, 219, 222-23 festivals, x, 1-2, 24, 28, 31, 85,104, 183, game shows, ix-xi, 183-215 audience letters about, 19, 206 Ι9θ- 239 film. See cinema audience participation in, 72, 184, 187, 192, 208, 214, 216, 224 Film Programs Desk, 50 First Five-Year Plan, 116,129 audience targeted in, 12 Fiske, John, 222 censorship of, 189, 217 Flatley, Jonathan, 6 creation of, 11, 31, 45, 98 Fokin, Yuri, 46 democratic proceduralism on, 20, 216 and Lapin, 138 determining winners in, 202 and News Relay, 57-58, 122,133, 138, ensuring fair play in, 184-85, 186, 192, 244-45 and Seminar on Reportage, 42-43 evolution of, 215, 216, 244 and Youth Festival, 37 experimentation in, 83, 208, 216, 223, i94 !95-98. 206 foreign news, 60, 117-18, 146-49, 229 25З formats of, x, 11-12, 215, 229, 248 foreign radio in border areas, 156 high status of, 14 competition with, 18, 23, 47, 62-63, influence of, 9, 248, 249 juries in, 19, 184-85, 215 80, 104, 116, 239 local staging of, 185 influence of, 75, 90, 235 manuals for, 185, 197, 199 foreign television, 9-10 adaptation of formats from, 252 and mass festivals, x, 28, 85 in border areas, 156 playfulness of, 9 competition with, 47-48, 50, 62-63, political content in, 81, 184, 229 popularity of, 51, 207 8° 123, 235, 239 precedents for, 85, 183 news broadcasts, 18 prizes in, 207, 222, 229, 231, 294192, foreign videos, illegal, 235, 239 295Ш16 For Soldiers of the Soviet Army, 74, 75 purposes of, 215 For You, Women! \Dlia vas, sjienshchiny!\, and radio quizzes, 183, 184 269П70 Fradkin, Mark, 106 rigging suspected, 184
France, state television in, 70 rules in, 19, 184, 206, 225 Frank, Anne, 35 and rules of chance, 218, 221-23 Frez, Il’ia, 160, 181 and Soviet system, 217 Friends (U.S. sitcom), 242 U.S. scandals in, 184 in Western world, 194-95 Fucik, Julius, 35 Gan, Aleksei, 30 Fürst, Juliane, 6 Gavrilova, I., 208 Gagarin, Yuri, 35, 44-45, 47, 122 gender discrimination, 12-13 Gal’perina, Elena, 186, 187,189, 194-95, generation gap, 3, 241 Gerber, Alla, 160, 169 198-99. 271П101 325
INDEX gift-giving, 92-94 audience boredom with, 88-89, ^θ Ginzburg, Evgenii, 223 communist, 35, 44 “Girls of My Country, The” (song), 90 cosmonauts, 92 Giul’bekian, Marat, 201, 208 focus on, 14, 35, 119, 130-31, 168, Glagolev, N., 134 Glavlit, 218, 258154 249 and game shows, 192, 204, 229, 230 Glory [Slava], 29511116 indistinguishable from one another, Glukhovskaia, Lidiia, 39-40, 56 Good Morning (radio), 105 155 intelligentsia, 122 Good Fight Little Ones [Spokoinoi nochi, as moral ideals, 130 need for, 170, 172 of perestroika, 250 malyshi], 13 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 5, 235 experiments with Soviet system, 7, 20, post-Stalin, ig, 178, 189-90 Thaw-era, 85, 174 231 Gorbachev era, television shows in, working-class, 87, 202, 204, 209 235-36 Gordeeva, Liuda, 154 Hilmes, Michele, 10 Himmler, Heinrich, 151,165, 167 Göring, Hermann, 172 His Highness, the Adjutant, 28412 Gorky Studio, 151, 158-59, 160, 161, 167, historical memory, 154, 171 168, 175-77, 180-81 Gosteleradio (State Committee for Hitler, Adolf, 170, 171, 172 holiday calendar, 13-14, 18 dates, 84, 86 functions of, 83 Television and Radio Broadcasting), 62, 73, 94, 96 archives of, 275155 Little Blue Flame, 85-98 cultural authorities in, 45, III, 118, religious, 239 serials scheduled in, 156 136, 137,189, 193 foreign broadcasting division, 243 Song of the Year, 85, 98-114 formation of, 24-25 television in, 83-86, 272115 holiday variety programs, 12-13, G, 82, Lapin era in, 76-81, 94, 136, 137, 187, 201 97 n3 239, 251, 253 Hollywood films, competition with, 10, and NMO, 51-52, 77 and scheduling, 55, 7t, 144 156 Gradskii,
Aleksandr, 247 Horizon television sets, 206, 207 Great Patriotic War, 88, 102, 156 House of Actors, 35 Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 23 humor, 14 Gurin, H’ia, 167 Artloto and, 219, 220, 223 KV and, 74, 189, 190, 192, 199 Hello! We’re Lookingfor Talents!, 201, 237, Little Blue Flame and, 88, 89 satirical, 186, 189, 190, 29136 245, 274n5i “Hymn to the Democratic Youth of the heroes World” (song), 104 of the air, 32, 34, 131 326
INDEX Iakovlev, Mikhail, 187 on screen, 36-40, 126-28, 147, 149, Il’inskii, Igor, 24 28182 Union of Journalists, 38, 68. improvisation, 26, 29, 33, 37, 42 See also mass media Imre, Anikô, 8, 153 Industrial Chemistry on Screen, 269174 Journal “Huth,” 187 innovation, 7-8, 215 intelligentsia, 127, 208 Kapler, Aleksei, 208 artistic, 245-46 Karaev, Kara, 112 as model persons, 32, 34-36, 58, 122 Kassof, Brian, 50 and Prague Spring, 97 Kataev, Valentin, 115, 116 talking heads, 57, 58, 244-45 Katsev, I. G., 50-51 television enthusiasts, 121 Kesselring, Albert, 172 and the Thaw, 91 KGB, 156, 240 youth, 31, 204, 209, 224, 225 Khrushchev, Nikita, 263П80 and leisure, 3, 23, 85, 229 International Panorama [Mezhdunarodnaia public criticism of, 64 panorama], 146,148, 237, 239 Internet, 252 reorganization of government, 38 “Intervision” international system, 44 and Soviet people, 30 In the World of Animals, 239 speeches by, 33, 44, 120, 169, 263П80 In four Kitchen After 11 [U vas na kukhne posle Stalin’s legacy challenged by, 2-3, 64, 236, 239 Iron Curtain, 6, 12 169 use of television by, 184, 269174 irony, 4, 6, 8, 182 Khrushchev era Isaev, Maksim (character), 151, 178 Iutkevich, Sergei, 34 festive news in, 122-23 Gulag returnees of, 170 Ivanov, Ivan, 242 optimism in, 3, 4, 26, 47 Ivanovskaia, N., 136 progress toward communism in, 119-20 Izvestiia, 60, 189 reforms of, 23, 52, 120. See also Thaw journalists accountability of, 48 Kinchev, Kostia, 8 artistry of, 45 as commentators, 147, 149 Kirillov, Igor, 32, 101, 102, 103, 109 Kisun’ko, Vasilii, 168 crackdowns on, 127—28 Klebanov, Igor,
159 creating new programs, 64, 116,118 Klimov, Elem, 187 declining visibility of, 138 Koboladze, Andro, 175, 177 diversity of tasks for, 39-40 Kolosov, Sergei, 154 Kommunist, 240 interpretation of events by, 38, 128 portraiture presented by, 129-31 Komsomol, 143, 212, 231, 246 preparing the news, 143-45 Komsomol’skaia Pravda, 246 professionalism of, 39-40, 45 Kondratova, Nina, 32 З27
INDEX Konstantinescu, Emil, 87 popularity of, 190, 201, 224 Kopelian, Efim, 159, 173, 177, 178, 179 protagonist of, 188 Korshilova, Tat’iana, 109, 113 question of fair play in, 186, 192, Kovelenov, Yuri, 104-5, I09 Krik, Benia (character), 161,181 recurring contests in, 192 Krokodil’, 67, 70 revival of, 237 Kuravlev, Leonid, 162 Kuznetsov, Georgii, 128, 251 rules of the game, 186, 192, 193—94, KVN [Klub veselykh i nakhodchwykh, Club of as sport, 190, 191-93, 195, 198-99, 195-200 198, 200 the Merry and Resourceful], ix, 200, 201, 202 themes of, 188 20, 30, 185-202, 237 and transparency, 195-97, Σ98, 218 advance preparation for, 188-89, '95, 201 and younger generation, 74, 109, 185, 188 audience complaints about, 193-94, KVKAnswers Letters, 198 196-98, 200 audience participation in, 192, 216, language 224 and BRIZ, 190, 192 accessible, and poetic, 36 cancellation of, 19, 201, 215, 224 artificial, stilted speech, 33 and censorship, 189 formalized, 14, 15, 63, 64 collective creative work on, 187, 197, for home audiences, 33 improvisation of, 37 199 and corruption scandal, 201 Lapin, Sergei Georgievich, 76-81, 187, 201, 248 creation of, 31, 185-87 finding competitors for, 201, 202 and audience research, 76, 77, tot format of, 190, 198 and domestic news, 138, 139-40, 141, fragmentation of, 201-2 and humor, 74, 189, 190, 192, 199 43,145 and focus on young people, 111, 208 improvisation in, 188-89, 200, 201 and foreign news, 138, 146—47 intelligentsia youth on screen in, 31, as Gosteleradio chairman, 76, 94, 136, 204, 209, 224, 225 jury in, 186, 192-94, 196-200, 202, 137, 201 and
Little Blue Flame, III, 2751159 250, 2911145 local staging of, 195, 196, 199 and portraits, 138-40 as mass action, 31 and primetime scheduling, 79—80 “merry production gymnastics” on, and Lime, 136-40 and personnel, 281ПП75/80, 282190 and workers, 208-9 190 money and power behind the scenes, “layer-cake” [sloenyipirog\ approach, 76, '94-95 political satire in, 186, 189, 190, 196, 79, 239 leisure, right to, 3 Lenin, Vladimir, 236, 252, 270196 229 328
INDEX “Lenin Bonfires,” 94-95 gift exchange on, 91-94 Leninist University of Millions, 77 heroes in spotlight, 87, 88, 89 Lenin Library, Moscow, ix holiday broadcasting, 82-83, 86, 89-91, no Leont’ev, Mikhail, 250 minimal script, 86 modeled on youth café, 86, 91-92, 97, Leont’eva, Valentina, 13, 32, 33, 34, 35, 42, 43, 58 Lepeshinskaia, Anna, 122 99 as New Year’s Flame, 91-94, 96, Let’s Go, Girls! pl nu-ka, devushki!\, 208-15, 273n35 and Ostankino tower, 94 237 audience participation, 208, 212, 214 and politics, 94-98 contests, 210-12, 225, 228, 229, popularity of, 61, 89-90 2961125 creation of, 208 rebroadcasts of, 97 experimentation in, 208, 216 Through the Pages of Little Blue Flame, 97 juries, 213-14, 215, 216 Liubimov, Aleksandr, 249, 251 “regular people” in, 202, 208-10, 212, Liubimov, Sasha, 301019 216, 225 live broadcasting, 9, 122, 236 source of, 209, 2961124 success of, 213 abandonment of, 13, 23, 215 voting and vote counting in, 208, appearance of, 241-44, 247 decline of, 17, 31 214-15, 216, 222 Let’s Go, Guys! [A nu-ka, parni!\, 202, 224, in European countries, 39 228, 237, 2951115 Letters Desk, 52-53, 77 of game shows, 203-4 Levinton, Matvei, 189, 200 language used in, 33 Levitan, Yuri, 88-89 Liadova, Liudmila, 122 out of studio, 36-39, 83, 84, 133-34, Liberman-Kosygin reforms, 48 parades, 83 Lioznova, Tat’iana, ig, 151, 161, 165-66, and perestroika, 237-38, 241 172, i74 175-77,181 Lipovetsky, Mark, 170, 172 Putin’s “direct line,” 1, 253 List’ev, Vladislav, 15, 250, зот9 Literary-Dramatic Programming Desk, spontaneity in, 25-26, 29, 33, 36, inner meaning shown
in, 25, 31 203, 241, 242, 247, 260122 routine interrupted by, 27 37-38, 39, 241, 243 of sports, 36, 37, 185 8, 127 unscripted, 28, 29, 241 literature, 2-3, 27, 240, 248, 250 Literaturnaia gazeta, 33, 35, 42,167 Lomakin, Sergei, 242 Little Blue Flame [Goluboi ogonek\, 85-98 Loreti, Robertino, 274138 “Lotto Machine,” 219 Lovell, Stephen, 152, 180 audience feedback on, 89, 93-94 decline in popularity, 97-98 denial of permission to cancel, 89 Lysenko, Anatolii, 186-87, 236, 237, 242, 248, 249, 251, 2961125 evolution of, 85-86, 109-10 З29
INDEX magnitizdat, 247 Magomaev, Muslim, 109, 112, 113 Mighty Mouse (U.S. TV show), 85 Maiak, 134, 137, 277ПЮ Mikhalkovich, Valentin, 158 Maiakovskii, Vladimir, 22, 36, 46 Makoveev, Vladimir, 203, 206, 207 Mikhoels, Solomon, 171-72 military officials, as heroes, 87-89 Malkin, Anatolii, 249 miniseries, 150-82 Mihelj, Sabina, 153 Mamedov, Enver, 79, 118, 145 apartment-block, 155 “managed democracy,” x, 223 generation gap depicted in, 155 market research, 50 in international context, 153-58 markets, 49, 50, 68-69 literary sources of, 150, 151, 158-59, 161, 181 Marxist-Leninist ideology, 238, 252 popularity of, 154, 158 Masliakov, Aleksandr, 108, 109, 113, 188, socialist, 183. 201, 237, 242, 245, 246 See also Seventeen Moments of Spring mass action [deisteo], 28, 29-31, 251 mass coercion, 3 Ministry of Communications, 260Ш9 mass culture, 3, 190 Ministry of Culture, 24, 68, 158 mass festivals, x, 1-2, 24, 28, 31, 85, 104, Ministry of Finance, 218 183. ^θ. 239 mass media, 3 audience surveys in, 63—64 Ministry of Trade, 59, 203 Mirov, Lev, 92, 93 mobilization, 119 censorship in, 5, 189 modal schizophrenia, 27 ceremonies in, 183 model persons and cultural shifts, 2-3 as heroes of the air, 32, 34, 131 journalistic changes in, 39 inner thoughts of, 148 “new,” 27 intelligentsia as, 32, 34-36, 58, 122 in Putin era, 1-3, 9, 252-53 in socialist system, 58, 68-69 on screen, 31-34, 42, 87, 90-91 mathematics competitions, 184-85 selection of, 32-33, 40, 42, 129 Mathieu, Mireille, 96 transformation of, 116, 190 May Day (1920), 30 Molchanov, Vladimir, 236, 240, 30012 Medvedev, Dmitry, xi
Melodies and Rhythms of Foreign Popular Molniia communication satellites, 48 Moscow, youth café in, 86, 87, 89 Moscow 2042 (Voinovich), xi Music, 113 Moscow Youth Festival (1957), 29, 33, 35, Melodiia record label, 101-2, 218, 246 Men’shikov, Andrei, 189, 194, 213, 214, 44 and Central Television, 23, 24-27, 292162 Menuhin, Yehudi, 240 3θ-38 47, ιθθ live broadcast of, 36-39 Merkulov, V, 89 Moskovskii, Pavel, 95, 134 Mesiatsev, Nikolai, 62, 71-74, 89, 94, 95, Muratov, Sergei, 30, 88-89, иб, 126—27, 270196 128, 187, 251 Mickiewicz, Ellen, 59 ЗЗО
INDEX challenges of producing, 123-25, music competitions in, 184-85, 246 and dance, 223, 238 143-45 commentators on, 147-48, 149 electronic, 238 and counter-news, 123-25 folk, go, 96,106 events planned and staged for, 120, 144 foreign, 223 guitar poetry, 102, 109, 247 experimental, 9 heavy metal, 240-41 faster pacing of, 118, 123-26, 131, 133, holiday entertainment, 18 135, !39, ИО, 149 foreign vs. domestic, 60, 63, 80, improvisation in, 240 117-18, 119, 121, 123, 125-26, 136, jazz, 102, 223, 240 live performance of, 231, 241 138, 145, 4θ-49 formalized language in, 14 patriotic, 96,104, 105-6,107-9 political, 106-7, 238-39 “hard news,” 278т19 popular [estradd], 50, 60, 89, 96, 99, hierarchy in, 148 104,106, in, 218, 223, 238-41 high status of, 14 repression of, 240 influence of, 248, 249 rock, 102, 106, 112, 238, 240-41 journalistic “essays,” 142, 143-45 traditional Soviet, 102-3,104 journalists on screen in, 36-40, 126-28, 147, 149, 2811182 variety shows, 69, 74, 82, 86, 88, 90, nature and purpose of, 120, 134, 142 98, 215 and perestroika, 236-38, 241, 242, 249 videos, 239, 240 political content in, 81, 118, 136,139, musical contests, 72, 81, 98-102, 108 142 Musical Kiosk [Muzykal’nyi Atari], 75,105 prohibition of negative portrayals in, Musical Programming Desk, 8, 86, 145, 278121 89-90, 96, 218, 237 purpose of, 140—43 My Life in Art (Stanislavsky), 43, 46 rising importance of, 135-38 nationalism, nostalgia toward, 8 Russian control of, 252 Nemtsov, Boris, xi, 302137 scheduling of, 56-58, 73 News [Novosti] (formerly Television News}, Soviet slant on, 119-28 timeliness
in, 143 146 unpopularity of, 63, 64 News Desk [Glavnaia redaktsiia informatsii], 116, 117, 119, 123, 136, 137, 138, verisimilitude in, 143-45 148, 164, 235, 236, 237, 248, 249, video material in, 133 250, 271101, 277П90, 278121 youth-oriented, 237. See also Time news programs anchors or hosts of, 12 newsreaders. See diktory and boredom, 18, 63,116-19, 126-28, News Relay [Estafeta novostei], 57-58, 134, 139-40, 148 and censorship, 118, 145 new vision [novoe zrenie], 21-22, 27 122-23, ‘3b 133. :38 ΐ4θ 244-45 ЗЗ1
INDEX New Year’s Flame [Novogodnii ogoneky 91-94, Overlords Unmasked [Vladyki bez masok], 9θ 273n35 New Year’s programs, 9, 18, 91-94, 96, Ozerov, Nikolai, 192 146 214, 251. See also Little Blue Flame; Parkhomovskii, El’rad, 197, 202 Song of the Year Nielsen ratings system, 59 Party Congresses Nixon, Richard Μ., 85, 136, 202 20th (1956), 2, 33, 34 NMO \Nauchno-metodicheskii otdel] 22nd (1961), 44, 6g festive period surrounding, 83-84 audience surveys from, 53-54, 58-63 P’ekha, Edita [Edyta Piecha], 97 changes in, 76 leadership scandal in, 76—77 perestroika, 95, 217, 231, 235-38, 239-41, mission of, 51-52 242, 245-5θ Petraitisov Family, The, 157 on programming and coordination, Platt, Rostislav, 162 68-70, 75 renamed TsNP, 77 play, 7, 30, OS functions of, 8, 14, 222-23 nostalgia, 8, 97, 182 Novgorodtsev, Seva, 239 Polish Sopot festival, 98 Politburo control of television by, 242 Novitskii, Mark, 92, 93 Novyi Mir, 240 television juries modeled on, 185,197, 202 Obraztsov, Sergei, 34 political unmasking, 33-34 Oil and Gas Construction Agency Polzikov, Stas, 242 \Neftgazstroi\, 246 portraits Olympic Games, 191, 214, 229 creation of, 45, 118, 121 in Sochi (2014), I, 250-51 in domestic news, 139 One Day in the Life of han Denisovich improvement of, 129-31 (Solzhenitsyn), 240 in Lapin era, 138-40 “On the future development of Soviet monotony of, 129, 131, 148 television” (i960), 35, 40-43 of workers, 121, 129, 130-31, 139-40, optimism, 3, 4, 26-27, 28, 45, 47 Orbita satellite system, 2 0 3, 269170 141-42, 143 Pozner, Vladimir, 246 Ostankino Television Center, 44, Prague Spring 48,
59 bar, 228 opening of, 4, 66, 68, 94, 269170 aftereffects of, 135, 137, 201 conflicts exposed by, 3, 96 and end of optimism, 4, 97, 127-28 production spaces of, 244 Seventh Heaven restaurant atop, 93, and reform movement, 3, 4, 94, 153 94 twelfth floor, 242 and Seventeen Moments, 173, 182 Soviet invasion and, 4, 94, 201 Pravda [Truth] Our Biography [Nasha biogrqfiia], 143, 249, Party voice of, 4-5 302133 ЗЗ2
INDEX and public discussion of issues, 137, Pushkin, Alexander, 212 152 television schedules published in, 44, Putin, Vladimir, x, 1, 251, 252-53 56-58,77-79 President-2042 (game show), xi Putin era digital documentary channel, 2831120 ephemeral nature of, xi press. See mass media heroes of perestroika denounced in, 250 productivity, increases in, 45 programming mass media in, 1-3, 9, 252-53 media elites of, 20, 250-51 stagnation culture in, x and audience preferences, 55-56, 58, 64, θ9, 7°-74, 79 balance in, 80 Pyr’ev, Ivan, 209 hierarchical genres of, 14, 81 quiz shows. See game shows “layer-cake” approach to, 76, 79, 239 political, 81 radio All-Union, 52 audience responses to, 55 in prime time, 79-81 weekend viewing, 70-71, 74-76 Programming Desk, 66, 70 audience surveys in, 63 Programming Directorate, 79 Prokhorova, Elena, 171 difference from television, 22 and Gosteleradio, 24 Prokopovich, Nikolai, 165 holiday orientation of, 83 propaganda journalistic changes in, 39 language used in, 33 Latest .News, 139 and audience differentiation, 68, 72, 74, 75 banned from KV programs, 186 quizzes, 183, 184 counterpropaganda, 123-24, 146 research into effectiveness of, 51-52 and news, 136, 142, 148, 271101 television as complementary to, 59. See also foreign radio and prime time scheduling, 74, 79 “programmnaia politika” 48, 49 Rajagopalan, Sudha, 154 report of positive response to, 77 rationalism, rot shifting focus on, 23, 49, 80 Red Square, 86 live broadcasts from, 83, 84, 85, 89 reform movements, repression of, 3,4, 6. and television schedules, 48, 72-74, 79, 80 unpopularity
of programs airing, 17, See also Prague Spring Rich Bride, The [Bogataia nevestd\ (movie), 23, 49, 60, 61, 68, 72, 74 209 Rock Atelier, 240-41 Propaganda Desk, 79, 119, 142, 145, 271101 Proshutinskaia, Kira, 211, 236, 237, 240, Romm, Mikhail, 32 249, 251 Public Council of Television Viewers, Rossiia Channel, 249 Roth-Ey, Kristin, 9, 11, 12, 155 on KVN, 188 26512 on Moscow Youth Festival, 24 Pugacheva, Alla, in, 223 333
INDEX Seminar on Reportage [Sempore], 42-43 Sergeeva, Bella, 198-99, 201 Roth-Ey, Kristin (continued) on Party intervention, 41 serials on television enthusiasm, 22 development of, 18-19 on VW, 28, 31 family-themed, 13, 156, 157, 173-74 Russia media power in, 238, 252 high-profile, 253 historic topics in, 156 Olympic Games in, 1, 250 in international context, 153-58 cabaret tradition in, 82 long fictional forms of, 151 post-Soviet transition of, 251, 252 made for television, 57 Russian Revolution (1917) anniversaries of, 4, 57, 90, 94-95, open-ended, 156 142-43,194, 247 goals of, 177 political content in, 81 meaning of, 45 weekend programs, 76. Soviet adaptation of, 11, 151 See also miniseries and tradition, 102 Seven Days, 138 Seventeen Moments of Spring [Semnadtsat’ Sagalaev, Eduard, in, 233-34, 236, 237, mgnovenii vesny], 151—82 audience engagement with, 151-52, 246, 248-50, 277190 Sakontikov, Nikolai, 154 samizdat, 247 163, 164, 168, 170, 180-82 based on spy novel, 151, 158-59, 173 Eismann character, 162-63,178 Sandulenko, Boris, 92, 273-74П38 Santor, Irena, 93 in international context, 153, 156-58 Sappak, Vladimir, 17 on effect of immediacy, 158, 237 moral ambiguity in, 19,151,152, on live broadcasts, 44-45, 237, 241 161-69, 179 as political film, 152,158-61,169-73,180 on model persons, 33, 34-35, 42, 58 and Moscow Youth Festival, 25-27, Schlag character, 162-67, 169, 178, 179, 181 35, 44 optimism of, 47, 157, 264112 Stalin era depicted in, 165, 169-75, on the power of television, 21-22 177-78 Stirlitz character, 151, 157, 159-61, and television enthusiasm, 23, 46
162-67, 169-82 on unmasking political enemies, 34 “Stirlitz joke,” 180-82 and РП^гд satellite broadcasting, 4, 203, 246-47 story of, 151, 28416 success of, 152,153,182 Saul’skii, Yuri, 223 Schellenberg, Walter, 165, 167-68, 178-79 visual collaboration in, 162-67, 'θίλ science, enthusiasm for, 190 i79 287165 Shabanov, P. I., 203 Scientific-Methodological Office (later Shevelev, Grigorii, 236 NMO), 51-53 Shilova, Anna, 101, 102, 103, 108, 109, scripts, censorship of, 15 Semenov, Iulian, 151, 173 220,279143 334
INDEX Shipilov, Andrei, 242 New Year’s broadcasts of, 91, 98-102 Shirokov, Evgenii, 224 preliminary broadcasts of, 98 Shklovskii, Viktor, 34 Song-71, 100-101, 103 Shostakovich, Dmitri, 174 Song-72, 103-4, 105, 275164 276175 Shumiatsky, Boris, 279134 Song-73,104-5, Ι0θ, 27θη75 Simonov, К., 137, 270196 Song-74, 99’ Io5 10θ Siniavsky, Andrei, 4, 127 Song-73,106-7,109, tn Siniavsky-Daniel trial, 127 Song-76,107,109, in, 276175 Sinitsin, Evgenii, 250 Song-77, t°6, I07i I0$’ IH 112 Sinitsyn, Roman, 205, 207 Song-78, ui, 113 Six Hundred Seconds, 243 Songyg, in Slavkin, Victor, 199 Song-80,109, in, 113 Sobchak, Anatolii, 302137 songs selected for, 99-102, 112, 114 socialism, 58, 68-69, 120, 240-41 structure of, 103, 216 socialist realism, 116, 121, 149, 252, and With a Song Through Life, 109, 279n34 socialist reform movements (1967-68), 3, youth tastes accommodated in, 102-4, in-12 109,112-14 60, 94, 153. See also Prague Spring Sovetskaia kul’tura, 170 Social-Political Programming Desk, 73, Soviet culture, hierarchies of, 204 79, 2711101 Soviet empire, legitimacy of, 19 sociological research Soviet people abandonment of, 77 economic productivity of, 45 audience surveys, 48-49, 54, 58-63, glorifying the work of, 87, 145, 202, 82, 87, 205-6 204, 209, 211-12 criticism of, tot findings of, 58-63 having a good time, 50 introduction of, 48 revealed via television, 24, 27, 31 rise of, 54 social unity of, 30, 102-3, I05 I09 113, 114, 182, 252-53 suppression of, 17 superiority of, 19, 24 solidarity, sources of, 3 transformation of, 32, 45, 190 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, One Day in the Soviet
Radio and Television [Sovetskoe Radio i Life of Ivan Denisovich, 240 Song of the Year [Pesnia goda\, 85, 98-114, Televidenie], 135, 203-4, 2O5 Soviet Union 241, 252 competitions in, 184-85, 194, 198-99, audience voting in, 18, 214, 245 225-26, 22g, 2614 camerawork on, III, 112 censorship of, 223 Czechoslovakia invaded by, 4, 94, 201 comparisons with, 221, 223, 245, 246 economic production in, 140 evolution of, 105, 109-14 as first socialist revolutionary state, 153 experimentation in, 83 gambling in, 218, 222-23, 298П5 jury for, 99, too, tot, 103,105, 109 hierarchical cultural values in, 239-40 335
INDEX depicted in miniseries, 165,169-75, Soviet Union (continued) imperial dominance of, 170, 173, 229 U6, 177-78 mass repressions in, 236 Olympic Games in, 22g as one-party state, 148, 238, 253 news focus in, 119, 126-27 post-Stalin period in, 2-3, 251-53 post-Stalin era, 23, 55, 119,150, 172, shifting from coercion to persuasion 174, 177-78, 189, 215, 229 professional unions in, 38 in, 23 social and cultural shifts in, 2, 6-7, re-Stalinization, 5 Stanislavsky method, 43 118, 233 Starovoitova, Galina, 302137 Stars Smilefor You, The [Vam ulybaiutsia state funerals in, 233 striking miners in, 236 zvezdy\, 113 superior way of life in, 117, 124, 134, Stas Namin Group, 113 State Committee for Radio Broadcasting Σ35, H9 !5h i82 253 time zones in, 91 and Television. See Gosteleradio spiritual qualities, 18-19 Sportloto, 218, 220, 222 Steinberg, Mark, 6 sports Stepakov, V, 137, 270196 Stetsenko, Natalia, 249 Stirlitz character, 151,157,159-61, competitions in, 184-85, 191, 194, i98-99 and game shows, 190, 191-93, 200, 162-67, 169-82 Suri, Jeremi, 6 202 live broadcasts of, 36, 37, 185 Surkov, Vladislav, x popularity of, 61 Suslov, Mikhail, 94, 137, 28175, 2951114 programming of, 57 Sutton-Smith, Brian, 8 questions of fairness in, 194 Sviridov, Georgii, 115 Spotlight of Paris Hilton [ProzhektorPerisKhiltori], 242 Svobodin, Aleksandr, 199, 200 Spotlight of Perestroika [Prozhektor perestroiki\, Tabakov, Oleg, 165, 167 235-З6 “Spring, The,” (protest), xi Tankov, Vadim, 220, 223 Sputnik, 47 Tariverdiev, Mikhail, 2871165 talking heads, 57, 58, 80 stagnation culture, aspects of, x,
5-6,182, telemost satellite linkup, 246-47 233 238 Stalin, Joseph television aesthetics of, 45 affective power of, 85 cult of, 19, 172 de-Stalinization reforms, xi, 2-3, 21, as art form, 26, 32 ascendance of, 136-38 22, 30, 64, 169 final years of, 171 boring content of, 15,18, 57 and censorship, 1, 2, 14-15, 17, 63, 91, 97, 105, in, 189, 218, 223, 233, 237, political enemies unmasked by, 33-34 and Terror, 34 Stalin era 258154 ЗЗ6
INDEX communication potential of, 36 time limits in, 48 in controlled studio settings, 24, 30, 32 credibility of, 144 too much, 136 cultural status of, 13 culture presented via, 1, 6, 17 21-22, 23-24, 28, 31-32 transnational television history, 9-11 direct-line broadcasts, 9 entertainment via, 14,17, 233 visual content of, 14-15, 33, 36, 64 era of, 2 weekend viewing, 70-71,74-76 experimentation on, 7, 15, 17, 18, 223, women’s careers in, 12-13. See also audiences; live broadcasting; transformational potential of, 17, travel programs on, 272120 25З in the home, 2, 12, 29, 32-33, 43, 244 portraits influence of, 130-31 Television and Radio Broadcasting, 46 international exchange of programs, Television and Us [Televidenie i my] (Sappak), 9,153-55. 239 local studios, 41 23 television enthusiasm, 22—24 accomplishments of, 43-46 as luxury, 49, 62 intelligentsia on screen, 34-36, 121 as magnifying glass, 22, 35, 40, 46 mass action of, 29-31 journalists on screen, 36-40 as mass medium, 2, 47 mass action [deistvo], 28, 29-31, 251 as medium of control, 1, 23 misuse of, 66-67 model persons on screen, 31-34, 42 and Moscow Youth Festival, 23, 24-27 morality presented in, 28 party intervention in, 40-43 VVV, 27-31 Television Journal “Art” \Televizionnyi zhurnal movies made for, 155, 271103 nature of, 90-91, 187 “Iskusstvo”\, 35 numbers of sets, 4, 41 political influence of, 2, 17, 20, 23-24, Television News, 116, 125, 126, 131, 134, 136, 3b 49, 81 powers behind, 194-95, 218 139. 146 Television Schedule: An Essay in the Theory of Propaganda (Boretskii), 48 prime time, 49, 55, 70, 71, 72,
74, Teplov, Yuri, 122 79-81, 131, 146, 252 programming, 48, 49, 71-76 Thälmann, Ernst, 173 public goals of, 14, 49, 81, 140-41 Thaw, 2-3 quality, 12-13 audience research in, 52 retrospectives, 248 Russian system of, 251, 252 Brezhnev era and, 45, 120, 238 crackdown of 1968 and, 97 schedules, 48, 54-58, 72-74, 77-81, 252 social and political roles of, 2, it, 14, and festival broadcasts, 26-27, 38, 85 game shows and, 215 17, 21, 22, 45, 73-74, 75 Soviet distinctiveness in, 10-16, 250, heroes of, 85, 174 252-5З state investment in, 10 and honesty, 177 KV and, 189, 190, 191-92 and holiday programming, 91 337
INDEX truth, ideological, 157 Thaw (continued) Little Blue Flame and, 86, 97 Tsfasman, Aleksandr, 223 and live broadcasting, 237-38, 241 TsNP [Tenir nauchnogo programmirovaniia, Center for Scientific optimism of, 3, 26-27, 45 215 Seventeen Moments and, 152, 174, 177, 178 television journalism and, 38, 42, 45, Programming], 77 Tsvik, Valerii, 251 Turbin, Vladimir S., 127, 128, 142 120, 128, 129 TV6, 249, 250 Tvardovskii, Aleksandr, 240 Thaw, The (TV program), xi theater, 24, 29, 42, 185, 190 Theatrical Encounters [Teatral’nye vstrechi]. 35 tvoriugi (creatives), 8, 187 TV Rain channel, xi Twelfth Floor [Dvenadtsatyi etazF\ y Chairs [Kabachok 13 stul’ev), 219, 245, 27Ш103, 299147 Tikhonov, Viacheslav, 151, 175, 28418 alumni of, 249, 250 audience engagement in, 245, 247 Time [Premia], 115—19, 131-40, 150 audience response to, 134 creation and origins of, 234, 235-36, and documentary programs, 159 237, 30012 influence of, 20 live broadcasting of, 237-38, 243, 247 domestic vs. foreign news on, 18, 116-18, 138, 139, 146, 148-49 durability of, 4-5, 244 and music, 238 experimentation in, 116, 117,128 and perestroika, %M 242, 249 setting of, 242 format of, 131-33, 134 hosts of, 12, 132 in Lapin era, 136-40 uncertainty, impossibility of, 148 launch of, 81, 115, 122, 131 United States Party response to, 134-35 audience research in, 61-62 periodic updates in, 239 early claims about television in, 27, 33 post-Soviet, 149 game show scandals, 184 purpose of domestic news, 140-43 “golden age” of television, 13, 21, 22 scheduling of, 73, 79, 136 human interest stories in, 121 statistical
reports on, 77 mass culture, 153 symbolic importance of, 115-16, 136 prime time in, 70 timeliness in, 144 ratings systems, 59, 61 and telemost linkup, 246 verisimilitude in, 144-45, !θ° 22θ Time Forward! [Vremia-vpered!\ (movie), 115 TV movies in, 156—57 Time Machine [Mashina vremeni], 228 unmasking, political, 33-34, 168 Today in the World [Segodnia v mire], 146—47, Utesov, Leonid, 113 237 transparency, 17, 21, 22 Vakulovskii, Oleg, 301П19 Varshavskii, Iakov, 199 and Artloto, 221-22 Vartanov, Anri, 159, 161 and KVN, 195-97, 198, 218 Truth. See Pravda VCRs, 235, 239 ЗЗ8
INDEX Vedeneeva, Tatiana, 46 political meaning of, 30-31 Vertov, Dziga, 25, 26, 46,117, 134 as precedent, 29, 225 as quiz show, 28, 51 VIA [vocal-instrumental ensembles], 223 videos, xi, 133, 235, 239, 240-41 Vysotsky, Vladimir, 247 Vietnam War, 132 View [Vggliad] alumni of, 238, 249, 250 Weaver, Pat, 22, 26412 Western countries competition with, 13, 18, 22, 62-63, audience engagement in, 244-45, 247 102, 117, 135, 146-48, 239, 253 creation and origins of, 234, 235-36, 237, 30012 hosts of, 243-44 famous journalists in, 38, 39 influence of, 20 252 international exchange of programs, formats borrowed from, 9, 11, 206, live broadcasting, 237, 237-38, 242, 243 and music, 238, 239, 240-41, 247 9, I53“55i 239 mass culture in, 153, 183, 239 and perestroika, 237, 241, 242, 245, 247, music in, 97, 223, 239-40 248-50 satellite linkup, 247 television in, 9-11 What? Where? When? [Chto? Gde? Kogda?], setting of, 242-43 twentieth anniversary program, 244 224-34 viewers. See audiences ambitions of, 227-28 Viktorov, A. V, 80 boundaries blurred in, 232-33 Village Hour, 4^, η^, 76 changing rules in, 226-27, 231-32, 248 Vladimirov, Boris, 220, 223 creation of, 224, 237, 297m, 2991146 “Voice of the Motherland, Voice of guide for local productions of, 226-27 Russia,” 96 ideological changes reflected in, 216-17, 225, 231-33 Voinovich, Vladimir, xi influence of, 234, 242, 248 Voroshilov, Vladimir, 242, 248, 249 and Auction, 203, 204, 207, 237 “intellectual ratings” calculated on, and Let’s Go, Guys!, 237 232 intelligentsia youth on, 19, 202, 224, and What? Where? When?, 19, 202, 224, 225, 227,
230-31, 244 225-33, 237, 241 Vremia. See Time international matches, 231 VW [Meher veselykh voprosov, Evening of live broadcasts, g, 231, 241-42 “minute of reflection” in, 225, 227, Merry Questions], 27-31 231 audience participation, 28-29, 30—31, parallels with political world, 228, 104 cancellation of, 28, 29, 31, 187 creation of, 11, 28, 30 229-32 prizes in, 229, 231, 233 improvisation in, 29 questions evolving in, 231-32 and KVJV, 188 roulette wheel, 226, 227, 228 and mass action, 28, 29-31 selecting contestants for, 230 339
INDEX Yakovlev, Alexander, 95, 242 What? Where? When? (continued) Yeltsin, Boris, 251 structure of, 225-26, 229 uncensored freedom of, x—xi, 253 You Can Do It \Eto vy mozhete], 202 Winter Palace, reenactment of storming Young Voices [Molodyegolosd], 245 of, 3° With All My Heart [Ot vsei dushi\, 159, 237 Youth Programming Desk [Glavnaia Youth on the Air [Pefire molodost^, 61 redaktsiia molodezhnykh programm], 85, With a Song Through Life [S' pesneipo zhizni], in 109, in-12 and Auction, 204, 205, 207 women appeal to audiences of, 66 and audience connectivity, 246-47 careers in television, 12-13 clothing and hairstyles of, 32, 210 creation of, 186 as “constructors of play,” 8, 215 housewives, 41, 212 and deistvo, 251 and Let’s Go, Girls!, 209-14, 216, and KVN, 185, 186-93, 224 and Let’s Go, Girls!, 209-11, 213-15 2961125 as television announcers, 32, 34, 127 and perestroika, 235-37, 248-49 traditional roles of, 210, 212 prizes won by, 277190 working-class, 209-10, 216 and Twelfth Floor, 235, 237, 242 and What? Where? When?, 19, 224 workers amateur theater of, 30 Yurchak, Alexei, 143, 216-17 in expanded television audience, 41, 51 focus on, 14, 35, 36, 66, 121,129, Zaitsev, Mikhail, 210 Zakharov, Dima, 244, 301П19 130-31, !38-4°, Hi-42, 43 and game shows, 204, 209-10, 212, Zakirov, Batyr, 90 Zhdanov, Andrei, 240 Zhil’tsova, Svetlana, 109, 113, 188, 279143 216 as heroes, 87, 202, 204, 209 fhurnatist, 129, 141 inner qualities of, 129, 145, 148 on authoritative journalists vs. diktory, innovation contests for, 70 126-27 on credibility in television, 144, 145 male youth, 202, 215
editors of, 136 and Izvestiia, 60 model workers, no, 120, 129, 212 productive, 155 propaganda programs targeted to, 75 Lapin’s writings in, 79, 138 roundtable (1968), 195, 196, 199, 202 surveys of, 61 working class, loss of hope for political “Watch Less Television” in, 66 Zhvanetskii, Mikhail, 223 role of, 9 World War II, 21, 23 citizen sacrifices in, 3, 120, 173, 176, Zitrone, Leon, 40 Zolotarevsky, Leonid, 123 25З Writers’ Union, 240 Zolotov, Andrei, 115-16 Zweynart, Joachim, 8 З40 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Evans, Christine |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1069403091 |
| author_facet | Evans, Christine |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Evans, Christine |
| author_variant | c e ce |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044047232 |
| classification_rvk | AP 39350 KH 1040 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)987611371 (DE-599)GBV862578817 |
| discipline | Allgemeines Slavistik |
| era | Geschichte 1965-1980 gnd Geschichte 1957-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1965-1980 Geschichte 1957-1991 |
| format | Book |
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| owner | DE-739 DE-29 DE-188 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-29 DE-188 DE-12 |
| physical | xv, 340 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Yale University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Eurasia past and present |
| spelling | Evans, Christine Verfasser (DE-588)1069403091 aut Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television Christine E. Evans New Haven ; London Yale University Press [2016] xv, 340 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Eurasia past and present Geschichte 1965-1980 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1957-1991 gnd rswk-swf Fernsehen (DE-588)4016825-6 gnd rswk-swf Massenkultur (DE-588)4125858-7 gnd rswk-swf Fernsehsendung (DE-588)4016842-6 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Fernsehsendung (DE-588)4016842-6 s Massenkultur (DE-588)4125858-7 s Geschichte 1965-1980 z DE-604 Fernsehen (DE-588)4016825-6 s Geschichte 1957-1991 z Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-300-20896-2 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454140&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454140&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454140&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Evans, Christine Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television Fernsehen (DE-588)4016825-6 gnd Massenkultur (DE-588)4125858-7 gnd Fernsehsendung (DE-588)4016842-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016825-6 (DE-588)4125858-7 (DE-588)4016842-6 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television |
| title_auth | Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television |
| title_exact_search | Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television |
| title_full | Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television Christine E. Evans |
| title_fullStr | Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television Christine E. Evans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Between truth and time a history of Soviet Central Television Christine E. Evans |
| title_short | Between truth and time |
| title_sort | between truth and time a history of soviet central television |
| title_sub | a history of Soviet Central Television |
| topic | Fernsehen (DE-588)4016825-6 gnd Massenkultur (DE-588)4125858-7 gnd Fernsehsendung (DE-588)4016842-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fernsehen Massenkultur Fernsehsendung Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454140&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454140&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029454140&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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